July 19
64: During the reign of Nero, The Great Fire at Rome comes to end. According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, Jews had been living in Rome since the second century before the Common Era since “the pretor Hispanus issued a decree expelling all Jews who were not Italian citizens” in 139 BCE. “Under Nero the Jews of Rome had a comparatively peaceful time, owing to the favorable attitude of the empress Poppæa Sabina” a situation that would change the aftermath of the Great Revolt that would begin in two years.
362: The Roman Emperor Julian, known to Christians as Julian the Apostate, left Constantinople and arrived in Antioch to prepare for the invasion of Persia. While preparing for the invasion he met Jewish leaders to whom he promised he would re-build the Temple. Julian’s short reign would come to an end in the following year and nothing came of his plans for the Third Temple.
711: Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Christian Visigoths led by their king Roderic at the Battle of Guadalete. This decisive Moorish victory was the key to the Moslems establishing their rule over the Iberian Peninsula. Jews living in Christian Spain had suffered under the Visigoths and helped the Moors. The Battle of Gaudalete was one of the events that led to the five century period known as the Golden Age of Spain for the Jewish people.
939: The Battle of Simancas (also called Alhandega or al-Khandaq) began today in the Iberian Peninsula between the troops of the King of León Ramiro II and Cordovan caliph Abd al-Rahman III who employed Hasdai ibn Shaprut as his financier.
1195: In Spain the Almohades defeat the Christians under Alfonso I of Toledo. The Jews of Toledo had willingly helped to finance the impoverished Alfonso ini his fight against the Almohades despite recent anti-Jewish violence that had claimed the life if Abraham Ibn-David among others.
1215: In return for King John setting his seal to “The Magana Cara” which contained a special section about the Jews” the “barons renewed their oath of fealty to” to the monarch.
1385 (10th of Av): Rabbi Menachem ben Aaron ibn Zerah, author of Zeidah la-Derekh passed away.
1490: Yucef Franco, aged 20, a cobbler who had been arrested by the Inquisition, along with his 80 year old father at the beginning of the month, fell ill. He asked the doctor who was treating him if he would arrange for a Rabbi to visit him.
1510: In Brandenburg, Prussia, Joachim the Elector burned 38 Jews at the stake on a charge of desecrating the host. Another two accepted Christianity and were mercifully beheaded.
1588: The Spanish Armada was spotted off the coast of Cornwall but the English could not do anything about it since their fleet “was trapped in Plymouth Harbor by the incoming tide.” (In an era when people think they have overcome nature in times of war, it is humbling to remember that there was a time when the future of religious freedom was at the mercy of the tides and the winds)
1706: Birthdate of New York merchant Isaac Levy, the son of Moses Levy and the husband of Elizabeth Pue.
1737(2nd of Av, 5497): Benjamin Levi passed away today in South Carolina.
1753(17th of Tammuz, 5513): Tzom Tammuz
1779: Birthdate of London native Samuel Noah, a cousin of Mordecai and 1807 graduate of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point who reached the rank of First Lieutenant before resigning in 1811 because of his disgust with “ignorant civilians” being appointed to positions that outranked him.
1785: Birthdate of Mordecai Manuel Noah, the native Philadelphian who, according to some “was the most influential Jew in the United States in the early 19th Century.” Educated as a lawyer in Charleston, South Carolina, Noah settled in New York where he was a politician, newspaper editor, diplomat and the visionary who wanted to create a Jewish colony in New York called Ararat.
1790(8th of Av, 5550): Erev Tish’a B’Av
1791(17th of Tammuz, 5551): Tzom Tammuz
1794(21st of Tammuz, 5554): Parsaht Pinchas was chanted on the same day that the Russian attacked Vilinus, the home of the Vilna Gaon.
1797: While visiting Amsterdam, Moses Levy Maduro Peixotto, a rabbi and merchant born in Curaçao, married Judith Lopez Salzedo. Eventually Peixotto would settle in the United States where he served as the head of Congregation Shearith Israel.
1802: In Lorraine, France, Moses Cahn and Sarah Gillen gave birth to Johanna Cahn Oppenheimer the wife of Salomon Oppenheimer and the daughter-in-law of Jakob Oppenheimer and Johanetta Jacob.
1812(10thof Av, 5572): Tish’a B’Av observed on the same day that American forces defeated British troops at Sackett’s Harbor, ME, during the War of 1812.
1817: “Romilda e Costanza,” an opera composed by Giacomo Meyerbeer premiered in Padua, Italy
1820(8thof Av, 5580): Erev Tisha B’Av observed for the first time after the Missouri Compromise had become law in the United States.
1821: George IV is crowned King of Great Britain and Ireland. King George would actively oppose legislation introduced in the 1830’s designed to grant Jews full rights of civil and political citizenship.
1826: Abraham Slowman married Sara Levy today at the Great Synagogue.
1828(8th of Av, 5588): Parshat Devarim; Shabbat Chazon; Erev Tish’a B’Av
1829(18th of Tammuz, 5589): Tzom Tammuz
1832: One day he had passed away, George Heilbert Israel the son of Israel and Maria Israel was buried today
1833: In Thorn, Germany, Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Kalischer, the Posen born son of “Rahel Gutel Kalischer and Salomon Kalischer” and his wife Henrietta Kalischer gave birth to Jakob Kalischer.
1834: In Williamsport, KY, Abraham Jonas and Louisa Block gave birth to Benjamin Jonas, the recipient of “a diploma from the law department of the University of Louisiana (now Tulane University) and veteran of General Hood’s Corps in the Army of the Tennessee who served as a U.S. Senator from Louisiana, making him the third Jew to serve in that legislative body. (All three of them came from southern states – 2 from Louisiana and one from Florida.)
1835(22nd of Tammuz, 5595): Sixty-four year old Benjamin Sheftall, the Savannah born son of Sarah De La Motta and Levi Sheftall and father of South Carolina native Mordecai Sheftall passed away today.
1836(5thof Av, 5596): Eight days after her first birthday, Marion J. Tobias, the Charleston, SC born daughter of Isabella Cowen and Isaac Tobias passed away today.
1839: In Pennsylvania, Joseph Ullman, the German son of Rosa and “Hayim Simon Uhlman” and his wife Sarah Ullman gave birth to Pauline Ullman, who became Pauline Greenbaum when she married Julius Greenbaum with whom she raised their son Joseph Greenbaum.
1839: Loebel and Henriette Grossmann Schottlander gave birth to Bruno Schottlander, the brother of Julius Schottlander.
1843: Isambard Kingdom Brunel's SS Great Britain is launched from Bristol; it will be the first iron-hulled, propeller-driven ship to cross the Atlantic Ocean
1848: In London, Isaac Samuel and Fanny Heilbronner gave birth to Lyon Samuel, the husband of the former Abigail Jacob.
1849: In Islington, London, Samuel Meldola and his wife gave birth to their only , Raphael Meldola who served as Professor of Organic Chemistry at the University of London and invented Meldola’s Blue Dye.
1854: Israel Cohen, the “son of Benjamin and Kitty Cohen” and his wife Cecilia Eliza Cohen gave birth to Kitty Cohen.
1855(4thof Av, 5615): London born merchant Bernard Hart, who in 1780 came to the United States where he served with the quartermaster corps of the American Army during the War of 1812 passed away today
1858: In Charlotte County, VA, Isaac L. and Minna Weil gave birth to University of Virginia graduate Adolphus Leo Weil, the prominent Pittsburgh, PA attorney and member of the executive board of the Jewish Publication Society of America who was the husband Cassie Ritter Weil and the father of Ferdinand and Adolphus Weil.
1863: Birthdate of Hermann Bahr, the Austrian author and critic who sued the Jewish journalist Karl Kraus because he felt had been unfairly attacked in Die Fackel (The Torch) a newspaper founded and published by Kraus.
1865: Birthdate of Yisroel Aaron Fishel, the native of Meretz (Russia) who came to the United States at the age of 20 where he gained fame and fortune as Harry Fishel, New York businessman and supporter of numerous Jewish causes. In 1931 he founded The Harry Fischel Institute for Talmudic Research. He passed away in 1948.
1865: In Virginia City, Nevada, Mark and Bertha (Roman) Levsion gave birth to Stanford University trained surgeon Charles Gabriel Levison who was a Colonel in the Medical Corps serving with the AEF before returning to practice in San Francisco.
1866: In San Francisco, William J. Mack and Rebecca M. (Tandler) Mack, gave birth to Julian Mack the distinguished jurist who was a leader of the American Jewish community who attended the Peace Conference with Woodrow Wilson and was an advocate for a Jewish state in Palestine.
1868: Birthdate of “American socialite” and amateur, poorly skilled singer Florence Foster Jenkins” who Anglo-Jewish actress Maureen Liipman portrayed from November, 2005 to April 2006 “in the Olivier Award nominated show Glorious! at the Duchess Theatre in London's West End.”
1870: The Franco-Prussian War begins when Napoleon III declares war on the Germans. The two states were each looking to be the dominant power in Europe. The immediate cause of the conflict was a clash over who would rule Spain. The war, which ended in May, 1871, was a total disaster for the French. In addition to the general humiliation of having her capital occupied by the Prussians, the French were force to give up the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine and to pay a large indemnity to the German state. This loss of territory and the desire to avenge the humiliation of 1870 were part of the causes of World War I. “A number of Jews, including Jules Moch and Leopold See, attained high rank in the French army. See later became Secretary General of the Ministry of the Interior. The war also marked the beginning of Rabbis serving as chaplains in the German army.” After the War, Many Jewish families preferred to emigrate from Alsace and Lorraine rather than be under German rule.
1870: A “Hebrew clothier” from Albany was taken to court today by his maid who claimed he had prevented her from carrying away her clothing despite the fact that he owed her for two years in back wages.
1871: Birthdate of Kiev native Nicholas Jacob Pritzker, the Northwestern trained Pharmacist and DePaul trained attorney who direct of the Marks Nathan Jewish Orphan Home in Chicago.
1872: Birthdate of New Rochelle, NY native Benjamin Levison, the Attorney who was a justice of the peace in Orangetown, NY.
1873(24th of Tammuz, 5633): Parashat Pinchas
1873(24th of Tammuz, 5633): Sixty-three year old Hamburg born violinist and protégé of Felix Mendelssohn, David Ferdinand passed away today in Switzerland.
1874: Har Sinai, a Reform Congregation in Baltimore, Maryland, unanimously elected Joseph Meyer of Cleveland to serve as its rabbi.
1877(9th of Av, 5637): Tish'a B'Av;
1877: “The Fast of AAB,” an article published in today’s New York Times reported that “Today is the ninth day of Aab” the fast marking “the anniversary of the temple and of Jerusalem. The reformed Israelites have abandoned the observance, but it is held in veneration and kept by both orthodox Jews, both in Europe and America with fasting and gloomy services…Today is the 1,825th anniversary of the second destruction of the temple.”
1877: At sunset, with the end of Tisha B’Av the black crepe draperies will be removed from the pulpit and furniture at the synagogue on West 19th Street in New York and the usual lighting will be returned to the structure.
1880: It was reported today that the August edition of the Atlantic Monthly will include “The Preceptor of Moses” in which Francis H. Underwood “reconstructs a chapter of Hebrew History.” [Underwood was an American biographer who founded the Atlantic Monthly as part of the fight against slavery. In its comments about the article, the Uitca (NY) Gazette, said that it should been included as a work of fiction since “it does not possess any particular value as a historical study.”
1880: Nine, the daughter of Anthony-Mayer and Emma Augusta, the daughter of Baron Frederick Von Shey married Baron Geoerge-Henry Levi today.
1881: Two thousand people attended an “anti-Jewish” meeting in Berlin today.
1882: As the Freight Handler’s Strike continued, today was a bad day for the Russian Jews. An extra detachment of police had to be called out protect the Jews from the strikers at one of the piers in Jersey City while 35 Jews were fired at the Star Union Pier in New York.
1883: In Kraków, William Fleischer, a tailor and his wife gave birth to Max Fleischer, pioneer animator and film producer.
1884(26th of Tammuz): Mayer Schutz, passed away today at the Brighton Beach Hotel on Coney Island. Born in Bavaria in 1814, he came to the United States in 1840 where he “made his fortune” in the wholesale dry goods business. He retired fifteen years so he could devote himself “to charitable and benevolent work” including membership in the Hebrew Benevolent Society, serving as a director of the Hebrew Orphan Asylum and the Mount Sinai Hospital and holding the Presidency of Rodef Sholom. [All glory is fleeting]
1884: Wolf Finkelstein is being held Ward’s Island until arrangements can be made to send him back to Russia. The Jewish immigrant has a brother in Chicago who is a peddler but there is no means of getting him there and thus avoid being “a public charge.”
1885: Two days after he had passed away, eighty-nine year old R’David Tebele Bondi, the Frankfurt, Germany, born son of Bella and “R’Jonas Moshe Bondi” and the “husband of Matele Bondi” was buried today in Frankfurt.
1885: It was reported today that among the new rules that theatrical director Heinrich Conried has imposed on the performers of the Casino Company is one that states, “Any principle member seen talking with a rival manager will be regarded…as lukewarm to the present management” and “will subject himself to being talked about in Hebrews.” [Note - No explanation is given for this apparently odious use of the language of the Bible. Conried was no crackpot since he would later serve as director the Metropolitan Opera. He was from a Jewish family in Silesia, so this may have been his way of saying they would be subject to verbal abuse that they would not understand.]
1885: In Portugal, Maria Angelina Ribeiro de Abranches de Abreu Castelo-Branco and José de Sousa Mendes gave birth to José de Sousa Mendes the Portuguese diplomat who defied his government and issued visas to 30,000 people fleeing the Nazis in 1940 including 12,000 Jews.
1887: A free excursion for underprivileged Jewish children sponsored by the Sanitarium for Hebrew Children and partially underwritten by the staff of the Hebrew Journal will take place today.
1887: Louis Keptlovwitch a Jewish immigrant working as a printer in upstate New York was arrested today after his wife and child arrived today. The charge was bigamy. It seems that Mr. Keptlovwitch had forgotten about his Polish family and had married a Jewish woman from Newburg, NY.
1888: In Frankfurt on Main, Germany Dr. Rudolf Reuben Plaut and his wife Rosa gave birth to Alfred Plaut, the University of Freiburg trained physician who came to the United States in 1922 where he worked as a pathologist at Beth Israel Hospital and since 1954 at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.
https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1962/10/01/90192710.pdf
1888: The third free excursion sponsored by the Sanitarium for Hebrew Children will leave at nine o’clock this morning from a pier at 5th Street and the East River. [There were usually three such boat trips each summer intended to get poor little children and their mothers out of the tenements on the Lower East Side. These Jewish efforts mirrored the work of Julia Hull.]
1890: Birthdate of Bialystok native Jacob Pat, the Yiddish author who came to the United States where he became the executive secretary of the Jewish Labor Committee.
http://yivoarchives.org/index.php?p=collections/controlcard&id=32911
http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/tamwag/wag_127/bioghist.htmlc
1891: In Chicago, Henrietta Arnheim and Benjamin Arnheim, the son of Walter and Sophia Arnheim, gave birth to Ralph Leroy Arnheim
1891: “Famine In Russia” published today expressed the fear that Czar may cope with the problem in the traditional manner, starting a war with a nation on one of its borders. The French are trying to calm the situation by extending credit but they are being hampered by the hostility of “all the great Jewish financial houses in Western Europe” brought by the shameful persecution of the Jews.
1891: “Aid For A Worthy Charity” published today described the excursions that the Santiarium for Hebrew Children is offering on a weekly bases “to poor Jewish women and children.” Approximately 700 people take part in each outing which includes two “substantial meals” for each of the travelers.
1892: Coroner Lindsay attempted to hold an inquest to determine the cause of death for Berhr Israelson, whom the doctors said died of apoplexy but whom the Jews living in the building said died after being clubbed by a police officer named Clarke.
1892(24th of Tammuz, 5652): In London, Abraham Swift, who had been born Abraham Asher ben Joshua in Russia in 1869, passed away today.
1895: The Children’s Street Cleaning Brigade is scheduled to have its second meeting tonight at the Hebrew Institute.
1895: Sydney James Stern, the eldest son of Viscount David de Stern “was raised to the peerage as Baron Wandsworth, of Wandsworth in the County of London.”
1895: The funeral of Simon M. Erhlich, the Chief Justice of the City Court, is scheduled to take place at Temple Emanu-El this morning.
1896(9th of Av, 5656): Tish’a B’av
1896(9th of Av, 5656): Fifty-five year old Charles Liebhaber, who had just gotten out of the hospital, passed away today while attending services at Congregation Tifereth Israel on 126 Allen Street in New York.
1897: In Baltimore, MD, Isaiah S. and Bertha (Adler) Weil gave birth to Joseph Weil, the Johns Hopkins graduate who “was dean of the College of Engineering at the University of Florida from 1937 to 1963” and should not be confused with the Chicago con man with the same given name who was as “The Yellow Kid.”
http://www.library.ufl.edu/spec/archome/MS42.html
https://staging.uff.ufl.edu/capital/joseph-weil-hall/
1897: Birthdate of Theresa Wolfson, professor of economics and labor relations at Brooklyn College. Born in Brooklyn just three years after her parents had emigrated from Russia, she earned her bachelor's degree at Adelphi College (1917). During college, she spent a summer investigating wage standards in the New York garment industry; it was the beginning of a long career in labor relations. After her graduation from Adelphi, Wolfson took a position as a health worker in New York City, then worked for the National Child Labor Committee, investigating child labor across parts of the South and Midwest. Then, from 1920 to 1922, Wolfson served as executive secretary of the New York State Consumers League, where she lobbied for minimum wage and maximum hour legislation. For her M.A. degree (1924) at Columbia University, Wolfson conducted a study of posture, lighting, and fatigue in New York's garment factories. After Columbia, Wolfson became director of education at the Union Health Center of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union. At the same time, she conducted research on the barriers to organizing women workers; this research, published in 1926, brought Wolfson her Ph.D. from the Brookings Institution. Wolfson joined the faculty of the Brooklyn branch of Hunter College in 1928. When this branch became Brooklyn College soon thereafter, Wolfson helped to develop the curricular and organizational design of the new institution. Her scholarly work also took her into public life. She served on the public panel of the War Labor Board (1942 to 1945), was involved in the New York State Board of Mediation (1946-1953) and the Kings Country Council Against Discrimination (1949-1953) and served as president of the New York chapter of the Industrial Relations Research Association. She won the John Dewey Award from the League for Industrial Democracy in 1957 for her work in mediating labor disputes. Throughout her career, Wolfson combined academic expertise with a concrete approach to the workings and status of labor unions and to the dynamics of gender in labor and labor organizing. Combining research and social action, her focus on worker education was designed to break down barriers to the advancement of women in the workplace and gender inequality within trade unions. Wolfson believed that a worker's ability to deal effectively with society depended on a sound education. Thus, in addition to her scholarly teaching and writing, she also taught in non-academic settings, including classes for the International Ladies Garment Workers Union, the Summer School for Office Workers, and, after her retirement, for a continuing education program at Sarah Lawrence College. Theresa Wolfson died on May 14, 1972 at the age of 74. A scholarship in her name allows a Brooklyn College student to pursue graduate studies in labor economics each year.
1897: Sir John Skelton who was appointed by Benjamin Disraeli to serve as secretary of the Scottish Board of Supervision passed away.
1898: After having been discharged as a 2nd Lt. from the 3rd Missouri Infantry yesterday, Albert Lieberman began serving as Assistant Surgeon in the 6th Missouri Infantry today.
1898: "Novelist Emile Zola fled France after being convicted of libel against the French Army in the...Dreyfus affair." Zola had written a famous letter to the newspaper entitled "J'Accuse" (I Accuse). The letter exposed the conspiracy at the highest level of the French military establishment to convict Dreyfus and then to cover up the fact that he another officer was guilty of crime of which Dreyfus had been accused.
1898: A list of bequests by the late Jacob Berk published today including $1,000 each to the Montefiore Home, the Hebrew Orphan Asylum, Mount Sinai Hospital, the Hebrew Technical Institute and the Home of the Independent Order of B’nai B’rith at Yonkers, NY.
1899: Philip H. Stern began actively serving as a Captain with the 29th Infantry.
1900: For the second time New York Supreme Court justice Henry Bischoff denied a plaintiff’s motion which their attorney to tell the Judge that he would appeal the decision.
1901: The Conference on Settlement and Club met today “under the auspices of the Jewish Chautauqua Society” and adopted a motion requesting the Board of Trustees of the Jewish Chautauqua Society organize “a Summer School in Applied Philanthropy in which instruction shal be given in the requirements for social serve and philanthropic work…”
1902(14th of Tammuz, 5662): Parashat Balak
1903: A convention being held in Vienna by the Committee on the National Fund came to end today with the delegates having “decided that the central office of the National Fund shall be in England and chartered by the English Government.” (Unbeknownst to the attendees this decision to ally the Zionist cause with the English would lead to the Balfour Declaration and all that that would come to mean.)
1904: After sending a letter to President Roosevelt saying that he leaving the Democratic Party and support the President for re-election, Oscar S. Straus made a statement tonight listing his reasons which included the fact that the Roosevelt Administration “has been foremost among the Chancelleries of world “in makings influences felt in arresting massacres of Christians in Turkey and of persecutions and massacres of Jews in Rumania and Russia.”
1905: Birthdate of Max Kolpenitzky, the native of Königsberg who gained fame as “scriptwriter and lyricist” Max Colpet
1905: Birthdate of Giuseppe Girotti, the Dominican priest who died at Dachau after having been imprisoned for protecting and saving Jews – a feat for which “he was declared Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem in 1995 and recognized as a Catholic martyr and declared Venerable by Pope Francis.”
http://forward.com/news/breaking-news/197834/righteous-italian-priest-put-on-path-to-sainthood/
1907: Today “in reply to a query, the correspondent at Warsaw of the Russian Telegraph Agency declared that there has been no anti-Jewish outbreak in the Polish provinces of Russia.”
1908: Emma Goldman's personal manifesto, "What I Believe," was published by the New York World.
http://jwa.org/thisweek/jul/19/1908/emma-goldman
1909(1st of Av, 5669): Rosh Chodesh Av
1910: “Officers of the Jewish Relief Committee of Kieff stated today that an estimated 700 families had already been" expelled from the city and another 400 families were still waiting to be expelled.
1911: “Congressman Didn’t Help” published described Congressman Henry M. Goldfogle boarding the North German liner Kronprinzessin Cecilie at Hoboken whose passengers included “Miss Minnie Garrison, a buyer of a department store in Philadelphia” whose problems with customs over her trunks seemed to disappear when the Congressman identified himself.
https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/07/19/106784352.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
1912(5th of Av, 5672): Seventy-six year old Dr. Raphael Hausman, passed away today in Breslau.
1912(5th of 5672): Fifty-two year old Gustav Frankenstein, the President of the Jewish Community of Bielefeld passed away today.
1913(14th of Tammuz, 5673): Parashat Pinchas
1913(14th of Tammuz, 5673): Eighty-year old German born Sophie Schriesheimer Waldstein, the wife of Henry Waldstein with whom she had four children, passed away today in England.
1913: Rabbi Abram Brill of Wheeling, West Virginia “led the first service of the summer season in the auditorium of the Forrest Park Hotel at Forrest Park, PA.
1914: King George V “summoned a conference to discuss the issues raised by the Irish Home Rule movement” who supporters included Michael Noyk who the Lithuanian born graduate of Trinity College Dublin whose work as a solicitor led to a personal and political friendship with Arthur Griffin, the found of Sinn Fein.
1914: As leaders stumbled toward WW I with all that would mean for civilization in general and the Jews in particular, “the Council of Ministers in Vienna finalized the wording of the ultimatum to be presented to Serbia.”
1915(8th of Av, 5675): Rabbi Cranmer, a veteran of the America Civil War passed away today in Washington, D.C.
1915(8th of Av, 5675): In the evening observance of Tisha B’Av began
1915: “Hung with black, with all lights out except a few candles which made the darkness all the more weird, the congregants of the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue at Central Park West and Seventieth Street,” observed “the fateful Ninth of Av” with the same signs of mourning that were first used two hundred and sixty years ago when the Jews worshipped “in a room near Bowling Green”
1915: During World War One, as services ended this evening marking the start of the observance of Tisha B’Av Rabbi Pereira Mendes told his Sephardi congregants, “The world is sick of war. Let justice be heard but let mercy prevail. Let us forgive, forget and forbear. Then only will world peace and heart peace prevail.”
1915: Florence Oppenheimer, who was embarking on “5 years of service on-board hospital ships during the First World War, sailing to Port Said, Alexandria and Cairo, left London today and traveled to Devonport, Plymouth while writing in her diary “Coming along through the peaceful country, it seemed impossible to realize that there really was this fiendish war going on but now it was bought home to us.” (Jewish Military Museum)
1915: In Atlanta, GA, “the Penitentiary Committee of the House of Representatives…voted to table three resolutions which would have provided for a legislative investigation of the attack made on Leo M. Frank at the State Prison Farmer.
1915: In Brooklyn, Otto Stern, Leo Frank’s brother-in-law said that Mr. and Mrs. Frank had no comment to make on the attack on their son.”
1915: Two dozen names were signed to a telegram “from a body of citizens in a small city near Columbus, GA, asking Governor Harris to grant a pardon to the man who attempted to murder Leo Frank at the state prison farm.
1916: Adolph Zukor's Famous Players Film Company—originally formed by Zukor as Famous Players in Famous Plays—and Jesse L. Lasky's Feature Play Company merged today to form “Famous Players-Lasky Corporation, an American motion picture and distribution company.”
1916: Today, the Crakow Tchas published “two orders by the military commander of the Chelm District in Poland” the first of which said the Jewish community would “fined 25,000 Kronen” if any Jew is found to be guilty” of spreading alarming rumors and the second of which served as a reminded that Jews were not to travel unless that had received “special permission.”
1916: “The Joint Distribution Committee of the American Jewish Relief for War Sufferers and the People’s Committee met in the office of Felix Warburg…an appropriated more than $600,000 for relief work among Jewish suffers in the war zone of Europe.”
1916: Dr. Karl Helfferich, the Secretary of the Interior and Imperial Vice Chancellor who had just returned to Berlin from Russian Poland, described the changes the Germans have made in the region including an amelioration of the “terrible suffering that had existed before the Germans had arrived” as could be seen in the admittance “of Jewish representative to the governmental bodies.”
1917: The announcement by the new Russia government that it considers “Russians who have taken out citizenship papers in the United States are still being considered the new Petrograd government unless they have obtained the consent of the Russian government to their change of allegiance” “is considered of considerable interest to a great number of American Jews of Russian origin who have relatives and friends whom they desire to visit in Russian and whom they might wish to go there to bring back with them to the United States.”
1918: Newman Erb was one of two people appointed to serve as receivers “for the British-American Chemical Company which has offices in New York City and a plant in Bergen County, NJ>
1918: In Wloclawek, Poland, in an action that affected six thousand Jews, the chief of the districted ordered all Jewish refugees who had settled there during the war to leave.
1918: In New York, the Second Annual Zionist Summer Course sponsored by the Intercollegiate Zionist Association of America is scheduled to come to an end today after hearing presentations by Otis Glazebrook on “Conditions in Jerusalem,” Col. F.C. Jamieson on the Military Campaign in Palestine, L. N. Moisseiff on “Engineering Problems” and Dr. Schmaria Levin, speaking in Hebrew, on “The University of Jerusalem.
1918: It was reported today that “the Italian Jewish Community has elected Cavaliere A.L. Bianchini to go to Palestine as a delegate to serve with the Zionist Commission now in the Holy Land.
1918: Persian Jews in Hamadan wire the Zionist headquarters in Petrograd, asking that representation be made to the Russian government on behalf of 20,000 Jews who were robbed and left homeless by the Bolshevik troops before their departure.
1918: During the Aisne-Marne Offensive on the Wester Front, as the Sixth Marine Regiment attacked a German position east of Vierzy, Bernard W. Herrman, a Navy Corpsman serving with the 76th Regiment displayed “conspicuous courage and coolness.”
1919(21st of Tammuz, 5679): Parashat Pinchas
1919: In Chicago, Rabbi Joseph Hevesh is scheduled to lead Saturday morning services at Anshe Emes Temple.
1919: It was reported today that Rabbi Bernard Brickner, a graduate of Hebrew Union College has accepted the offer to serve as “Superintendent of the United Jewish Charities of Cincinnati” while declining the offer to serve as the “rabbi of Congregation B’nai El in St. Louis.
1919: It was reported today that after 24 years of service “Morris Newfeld has unanimously been re-elected rabbi of Temple Emanu-El in Birmingham, Alabama to serve for another five years.
1919: Birthdate of Alfred Abraham, the native of Pretoria better known as welterweight boxer Alf James.
1919: Lawyer-statesman, Louis Marshall, addressed an overflow crowd of Jews at Carnegie Hall. They were there to celebrate Marshall’s achievement of having the rights of Polish Jews recognized by the Minorities Treaty.
1920: In New Brunswick, NJ, David Stollman and the former Julia Friedman who had immigrated from Poland and “met in the balcony of a Yiddish theatre on the Lower East Side” gave birth to “Bernard Stollman, whose staunchly independent record label, ESP-Disk, provided an indispensable chronicle of the free jazz of the 1960s, and a series of provocations from the psychedelic counterculture.” (As reported by Nate Chinen)
1921: Birthdate of Nobel Prize Winner Dr. Rosalyn Sussman Yalow. When she won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1977, she was only the second woman to win the prize in the field of Medicine. "Her achievement was the development of RIA, an application of nuclear physics in clinical medicine that makes it possible for scientists to use radio tropic tracers to measure the con- concentration of hundreds of pharmacologic and biologic substances in the blood and other fluids of the human body and in animals and plants. She invented this technique in 1959 to measure the amount of insulin in the blood of adult diabetics." As can be seen from the following excerpt from the New York Times, Dr.Yalow is proud of being Jewish. “As a Jew, I share a strong commitment to the Jewish intellectual tradition. That tradition places emphasis on learning--learning for the sake of understanding and perfecting our world and learning for its own sake. Through the ages, we have taken pride in being known as the "People of the Book" and have carried our Torah and our traditions with dignity and affection. Even in the face of persecution and dispersion, and often denied access to centers of learning, the Jewish people, never satisfied with conventional answers, have always valued intellectual inquiry and continued to honor wisdom and learning. Moreover, being Jewish means to me having a deep attachment to family. I grew up in an era of tightly-knit families which shaped our values and world-view. Today, the family, including the Jewish family, is said to be an endangered institution. It is time for us to rededicate ourselves to strengthening Jewish family life. Surely this is our best investment in the Jewish future." Finally, Judaism represents a great synthesis of universal and Jewish values. For me as a Jew, there need be no conflict between science and religion. Moses Maimonides, philosopher and codifier of Halacha (Jewish law) also graced the world of medicine. He is a role model of living in two worlds, Jewish and universal, and of making them one. The greatness of this country is that here we can be fully Jewish and fully American. American Jews are blessed to be living in a country where one need not compromise one's Jewishness to enjoy the opportunities of an open, pluralistic society. In a world which is too often concerned with instant pleasures and self-gratification, Jews have long believed in the importance of scholarship and disciplined learning. Accordingly, let us rededicate ourselves to the traditional values of our people and the service of humanity. "
1926(8thof Av, 5686): Erev Tish’a B’Av
1928: Sir Harry Charles Luke, a British colonial official, assumed the position acting Chief Secretary to the Government of Palestine today. In 1929, he would make an unsuccessful attempt to mediate an agreement between Jewish and Arab leaders.
1928: Joseph Lefkowitz is scheduled to be executed today at Sing Song for arranging the drowning of Benjamin Goldstein so that he could collect on an $80,000 insurance policy issued by Metropolitan Life.
1929: In Montreal, Joseph and Annie (Mandel) Melzack, Jewish immigrants from Poland gave birth to their youngest child Ronald Hyman Melzak the McGill University trained psychologist best known for his 1973 book The Puzzle of Pain and husband of interior designer Lucy Birch.
https://www.cdnmedhall.org/inductees/ronaldmelzack
1930: Birthdate of Joseph Persico author of Nuremberg: Infamy on Trial which tells the story of the Nuremberg Trials and was adapted for television as the docudrama “Nuremberg.”
1931(5th of Av, 5691): Seventy-eight year Joseph E. Newburger who had served as a state Supreme Court Justice and President of the Board of Trustees of the Hebrew Orphan Asylum passed away today at Bluff Point, NY.
1934: Birthdate of Larry Zolf, a Canadian journalist and commentator.
1935: “Silk Hat Kid,” a “crime drama” with a screenplay co-authored by Dore Schary was released in the United States today.
1936: “Tales From the Chassidic Folklore” published today provides a review of Miracle Man by David Meckler.
http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=9405E6DF173DE33BBC4152DFB166838D629EDE
1936: The Palestine Post reported that four more Jews were killed by Arabs in various separate murderous assaults throughout the country. This raised the number of Jewish victims of Arab disturbances to 47 since April 19. Guards at Ein Harod and Kfar Saba repulsed Arab attacks. Six Arab terrorists were killed when they bombed a military convoy near Tulkarm. A gaping hole was reported to have been made by Arab terrorists in their first attempt to sabotage the Iraqi Petroleum Co.'s pipeline. Police protection was promised for the traditional visit of religious Jews to Rachel's Tomb on the Bethlehem Road, during the month of Av.
1936: In Brooklyn New York, Elias Levy, “a cabdriver” and his wife “Rose (Laufer) Levy, who “sold women’s clothing gave birth to Constance Levy better known as “Connie Kurtz, who turned her coming out as a lesbian into a lifetime of activism with her wife, Ruth Berman.” (As reported by Neil Genzlinger)
1936: “A committee of delegation for the defense of Jewish rights” sent a telegram signed by Rabbi Stephen Wise, its chairman, to Anthony Eden, British Foreign Secretary and President of the League of Nations Council protesting again the Danzig administration’s new moves which “menace the equality of rights of Danzig Jews guaranteed under the Constitution of the Free City and the League of Nations.”
1937: Dr. Chaim Weizmann recorded the details of conversations held with William Ormsby-Gore, the British Colonial Secretary in which the two leaders discussed the recommendations of the recently released report by the Royal Commission.
1937: “Death of Gershwin” published today provides Time’s description of the death and life the composer who died before his time.
http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,882760,00.html
1938: “Members of the Gordonia youth movement” founded Ma'ale Hahamisha (lit. Ascent of the Five)
“a kibbutz in central Israel in the Judean Hills” which one of “the 57 tower and stockade settlements” built during the Arab Revolt.
1938: “Virginio Gayda, the Fascist editor said today that Jews of the United States, France, Great Britain and Russia were responsible for the Fascist race policy” announced on July 14 which “declared Italians were ‘Aryans’ and that Jews did not belong to the Italian people.”
1939: “President Roosevelt today invited Earl Winterton, chairman of the Inter-Governmental Committee on Refugees; Sir Herbert Emerson, director, and the five vice chairmen to confer with him in Washington early in September on means of speeding up permanent settlement of the victims of Nazi "racial" and political persecution.”
1940: Dr. Leopold Wallach is scheduled to lead his first Friday Night Service at Temple B’Nai Israel in Sheffield, Alabama. The 30 year old rabbi arrived in the United States 10 months ago from Germany and is “the first full-time Rabbi” employed by the rabbi for many years.
1941: Nazis conquer Vinnesta, a Ukrainian city with a Jewish population of 25,000 of whom approximately 17,500 were able to flee eastward.
http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/this_month/july/07.asp
1941(24th of Tammuz, 5701): Parashat Pinchas
1941(24th of Tammuz, 5701): Sixty-four year old long-time realtor Matias Last, “a director of the Hebrew Home for Orphans and Aged of Hudson County, president of the Bergen Hebrew Institute of Jersey City, director of Yeshiva College “and the founder of the Jersey City Jewish Community Center and the Free Burial Society of Jersey City” who raised one son, Aaron and six daughters – Zelda, Bella, Lillian, Bluma, Mollie and Deborah – passed away today in his home in Jersey City, NJ.
https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1941/07/21/87646100.html?action=click&contentCollection=Archives&module=LedeAsset®ion=ArchiveBody&pgtype=article&pageNumber=15
1941: Vinnitsa, Ukraine was captured by German troops which would eventually lead to the massacre of the town’s 28,000 Jews.
http://iconicphotos.wordpress.com/2009/06/29/last-jew-in-vinnitsa/
http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/this_month/july/07.asp
1942: Himmler sent a directive to SS Lieutenant-General Wilhelm Kruger, head of the German police forces in the General Government. The directive ordered "the resettlement of the entire Jewish population of the General Government be carried out and completed by December 31.The General Government was the term for the Nazi administration in occupied Poland. The order was issued "in the name of the New Order, security and cleanliness of the German Reich."
1942: Deportations to the Auschwitz death camp begin for Parisian Jews who have been held at Drancy, France, since July 16.
1942(5th of Av, 5702): Sixty-six year old CCNY alum and NYU trained attorney Martin Wechlsler, “a past president of the Flatbush Jewish Center, vice president of the United Synagogue of America and the father of two – Lean and Daniel – passed away today.
https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1942/07/20/88110403.html?pageNumber=13
1942: The Family Hostage Law is announced in Occupied France. Under its provisions, fugitive "terrorists" who do not surrender to German authorities can expect their male relatives to be killed, female relatives sent to work camps, and children sent to special schools for political reeducation.
1943: Three thousand, five hundred Jews were taken from the Birkenau camp to the ruins of the Warsaw Ghetto. Their task is to comb the ruins for valuables left by the Jews.
1943: Lydia Litvyak, the commander of the 3rd Aviation Squadron “shot down two more Bf 109’s today as the Soviets sought to halt the Nazi advance.
1944: “Two SS officers who were sent from the ‘Rosenberg Command’ in Athens…assigned the president of the community” in Rhodes “the task” of informing “the women to join their husbands” on penalty of death. The women were told to bring with all of their belongings including “jewelry, gold sovereigns, banknotes, a few personal items and food.”
1944: Twelve hundred Hungarian Jews from Kistarcsa are trucked to Rákoscsaba, Hungary, and then loaded onto trains bound for Auschwitz.
1944: Relying on information leaked by British intelligence, “BBC Radio broadcast a story that two emissaries of the Hungarian government had appeared in Turkey, proposing that all Jews in Hungary would be allowed to leave if England and America supplied pharmaceuticals and transport to the Germans, with a promise from the Germans that the equipment would not be used on the Western front. The proposal, which the BBC called "humanitarian blackmail," was reported as a crude attempt to set the Allies against each other. The report added that it was not clear whether the plan had the approval of the German and Hungarian authorities.” [This is part of one of the most improbable tales from the Shoah in which Eichmann supposedly was ready to swap a half million Hungarian Jews for equipment that he could only have been used to fight the Soviets]
1944: Angelo Roncalli, the future Pope John XXIII, appeals to Admiral Miklós Horthy on behalf of 5000 Hungarian Jews with Palestinian visas. Roncalli provides baptismal certificates for Jews in hiding.
1945: Starting today, the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff “managed the capture of rocket scientists from the German Army Research Center at Peenemunde under “Operation Overcast” which would be re-named “Operation Paperclip” in 1946.
1945: “Anchors Aweigh” a musical comedy directed by George Sidney and produced by Joe Paternak
1946: In Los Angeles, “Jewish pickets and other demonstrators…swarmed around the downtown office building housing the British Consulate today in protest again British policy on Palestine and particularly against the detention of 2000 Jews whom they described as “2000 innocent hostages.”
1947: Birthdate of famed trumpeter and leading conductor, Gerard Schwarz. In addition to his many professional honors and accomplishments, Schwarz is active in the Jewish community. “Schwarz was a founding member of Music of Remembrance, an organization dedicated to remembering Holocaust victim musicians. He is also an active member of Seattle’s Temple De Hirsch Sinai and has lectured on Jewish music there and at various Jewish Federation events, both local and regional.”
1947: After over 500 performances at the National Theatre, the curtain came down on “Call Me Mister,” a revue with words and music by Harold Rome and a cast that included Jules Munshin but which would continue its Broadway run at the Majestic and Plymouth theatres.
1947: The Runnymede Park, Ocean Vigour and Empire Rival, three deportation ships under British control, which were filled with Jewish refugees from the SS Exodus, set sail from Haifa bound for Port-de-Bouc, France. The British sailed the commandeered ship into Haifa port, where its passengers were transferred to three more seaworthy deportation ships, Runnymede Park, Ocean Vigour and Empire Rival. The event was witnessed by members of UNSCOP. These ships left Haifa harbour on July 19 for Port-de-Bouc. Foreign Secretary Bevin insisted that the French get their ship back as well as its
1948: After ten days of fighting, the road from Haifa to Nazareth was firmly in Israeli hands.
1948: The “Second Truce” goes into effect. The state of Israel had survived for two months despite two rounds of fighting with invading Arab Armies. The Jewish state was still not one contiguous unit. Egyptian forces were still in the Negev. The Jerusalem corridor was a slender strip of land and some northern settlements were cut-off from the rest of the country by Arab forces. Despite the truce, there would still be more fighting before the armistice documents would be signed in 1949. Still and all, the Jewish nation, even a precarious state, was a reality.
1948: In Jerusalem, Israeli forces drive off an Arab attack designed to penetrate the new, modern, Jewish section, of the city
1948: The main Cairo store owned by Cicurel family was damaged by a bomb today. The attack was thought to be the work of the Muslim Brothers. The store was part of a chain started by the family of Moreno Cicurel had migrated to Cairo from Izmir in the mid-nineteenth century
1949: Delegations returning from Israel make a mistake in saying everything's wonderful there, Louis Hollander, president of the State Congress of Industrial Organizations and vice president of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, declared today at luncheon given to honor him and Israel Feinberg the vice President of the ILGWU
1949: It was announced today that “radio and electrical valued at $6,200” which is bound for Israel has been donated to the American trade Union Council by local 430 of the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers Union.”
1950: Funeral services are scheduled to be held today in Washington, for Edmund I Kaufman the Detroit born son of the former Jeanette Marx and Aron Kaufmann and the husband of Gertrude Dryfoos whom he married after the death Lillian Swope, the mother of his three sons – Joel, Robert and Aron – who was the founder of Kay Jewelers and former President of the ZOA after which he will be buried in the Washington Hebrew Congregation cemetery.
1950: Today “was the date on which a new Jewish community in Germany was officially constituted” when “25 leading representatives of the reestablished Jewish communities met in Frank am Main to fond an umbrella group that would represent all Jews living in Germany” which “they decided to call the Central Council of Jews in Germany”
1951: Sir Laurence Olivier presided at the opening of the Irving Memorial Garden, built to honor memory of Sir Henry Irving who as an actor was known for his portrayal of Shylock and as a theatre manager for the production of “The Bells”, a version of Erckmann-Chatrian's “Le Juif polonaise” by Leopold Lewis. According to contemporaries, “he invested” his portrayal of Shylock with a “dignity” that was a marked “departure from the traditional interpretation of the role.”
1951: “Two on the Aisle,” “a musical revue with a book and lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green and music by Jule Styne” opened on Broadway at the Mark Hellinger Theatre.
1951: The US, Britain and France were prepared to back Israel's protest to the UN Security Council against the Egyptian blockage of the Suez Canal for shipping destined for Israel. The Egyptian blockade was a violation of international law. It would take the war in 1967 to finally establish Israel’s right to have access to the international waterway.
1951: In New York, John Blandford, the new director of UNWRA, was planning a tour of the Arab countries in order to provide the Palestine Arab refugees with homes and constructive work. This was the beginning of the "Arab Refugee Problem" created, in part, by the unwillingness of Arab states to allow the Palestinians to live in the homelands of their fellow Arabs.
1952: The 1952 Summer Olympics, during which Agnes Keleti would win a gold medal in the floor exercises opened in Helsinki today.
1953: Birthdate of Howard Schultz, founder of Starbucks.
1955(29th of Tammuz, 5715): Seventy-four-year-old Russian born Rabbi Abraham Abrahams, the “former principal of the Rabbi Jacob Joseph School who had come to New York in 1926 from South Africa passed away today in Shenandoah, PA.
https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1955/07/20/79391987.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
1955: The Yarkon water project was opened. The Yarkon River flows near Tel Aviv.
1957: “I Was a Teenage Werewolf” a horror flic “co-written and produced by cult film producer Herman Cohen” and starring Michael Landon was released in the United States.
1958(2nd of Av, 5718): Parashat Matot-Masei
1958: Judge and Mrs. Goodman A. Sarachan announced the engagement of their daughter, University of Michigan senior and niece of Sir Leon Simon, Naomi Kitty Sarachan to University of Michigan College of Engineering graduate Warren Singer, the son of Mr. and Mrs. Abraham Singer,
1961: “By Love Possessed,” a film version of the novel of the same name produced by Walter Mirish, featuring Susan Kohner and with music by Elmer Bernstein was released today in the United States.
1962(17th of Tammuz, 5722): Tzom Tammuz
1962(17th of Tammuz, 5722): Eighty year old “Mrs. Rose Esserman Kantrowitz, a former costume and dress designer and “the widow of Dr. Bernard A. Kantrowitz” with whom she raised four children – Arthur, Adrian, Benjamin and Dorothy – passed away today at Mt. Sinai Hospital.
1962(17th of Tammuz, 5722): Sixty-nine Abraham Waxman “a former director of advertising and publicity for Warner Brothers” known as A.P. Waxman and the husband of Roberta Waxman suffered a fatal heart attack today.
1963: The second annual Long Island Workshop in Police and Community Relations which had opened with an address by Louis Radelet, the director of national program development for services of the National Conference of Christians and Jews is scheduled to come to an end today.
1964(10th of Av, 5724): Tish’a B’Av is observed for the first time during the Presidency of Lyndon Johnson who had helped Jews enter the United States before WW II and who had visited a concentration camp in 1945 – a visit that had a searing effect on him according to Ladybird Johnson.
1964(10thof Av, 5724): Tish’a B’Av observed
1964(10th of Av, 5724): Abraham Heuer, the husband of Sally Heuer, with whom he had had five children, passed away today in Rahway, NJ.
1965(19th of Tammuz, 5725): Eighty-four year old Czech sculptor and artist Rudolf Saudek who had survived Theresienstadt passed away today in Prague.
1969: Israeli commandos begin a night attack on Green Island, a major military installation in the Gulf of Suez. The attack is one of the most difficult undertaken by Israel’s special operations forces. It would be a joint attack included forces from the Army’s Sayeret Matkla unit (a cross between the Green Berets and the Rangers) and the Navy’s Sayetet 13 or Flotilla 13, commonly known as Ha’commando Ha’yami, similar to the U.S. Navy’s SEALS.
1969: For the feats of heroism performed today during Operation Bulmus Ami Ayalon was awarded the Medal of Valor, the IDF’s version of the Congressional Medal of Honor.
1969: In Los Angeles, “actor/director Richard Elfman and Rhonda Joy Saboff” gave birth to Bodhi Pine Saboff, the “grandson of author Blossom Elfman, and nephew of composer Danny Elfman” who gained fame as actor Bodhi Elfman.
1970: “The Valley of Gwangi” a fantasy film that featured Gila Golan in her final film appearance and filmed by cinematographer Jerome Moross was released in Japan today.
1970: Yosef Goldschmidt began his second term as Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs.
1972(8th of Ave, 5732): Erev Tish’a B’Av
1972: In Paris, historian Laurent Binet and his wife gave birth to Lauren Binet, the author of HHhH, the chronicles the events surrounding the assassination of “Reinhard Heydrich, the Butcher of Prague.”
1972: “Ciao! Manhattan” co-directed, produced and written by David Weisman premiered today “in Amsterdam.”
1973: Ninth Maccabiah comes to a close.
1973: Paul Simon’s “Loves Me Like a Rock” was released today.
1976: The Jerusalem Post reported that the Israeli pound was again devalued by 2 percent, to IL 8.12 to the dollar. But the cabinet ended its exclusive linkage to the dollar, and altered the year-old system of creeping devaluations to make their dates harder to guess. The pound was linked to a basket of currencies (including the dollar). The special ministerial committee was empowered to devalue the pound by up to 8 percent within the set four-month period in any way it chose. The Histadrut Executive decided to increase the membership dues and allowed Kupat Holim to charge its members for doctors' prescriptions
1980(6th of Av, 5740): Parashat Devarim; Shabbat Chazon
1980(6th of Av, 5740): Seventy-six year old “author, teacher and Viet Nam Critic Hans J. Morgenthau passed away today.
https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1980/07/20/111795844.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hans-Morgenthau
1980)6thof Av, 5740): Fifty-nine-year-old Henry David Epstein, a community developer and real estate investor who was chairman of the board of Gulfstream Land and Development Corporation and who raised two children, Robert and Danielle, with his wife, the “former Dasha Amsterdam” passed away today.
1981(17th of Tammuz, 5741): Tzom Tammuz
1981(17th of Tammuz, 5741): A boy of 17 was killed and 15 people were injured as a result of Katyusha bombardments on western Galilee.
1982(28th of Tammuz, 5742): Seventy-three year old David Frankfurter who created an international sensation when he assassinated the Swiss branch leader of the German NSDAP Wilhelm Gustloff in 1936 in Davos, Switzerland passed away today.
http://ashkenazhouse.org/frankfurtereng.html
1983(9th of Av, 5743): Tish'a B'Av
1983: Max M. Kampelman delivered a speech today in which the “United States strongly accused the Soviet Union and its allies of continuing violations of human rights…”
1985(1st of Av, 5745): Rosh Chodesh Av
1985(1st of Av, 5745): Captain (Hon). Ewen Edward Samuel Montagu, RNR, CBE, QC, DL passed away. Born in 1901, he was a British judge, writer and Naval intelligence officer. Montagu was the second son of the prominent peer Louis Samuel Montagu, 2nd Baron Swaythling. During World War II, Montagu served in the Naval Intelligence Division of the British Admiralty, rising to the rank of Lieutenant Commander RNVR. While Commanding Officer of NID 17M, Squadron Leader Charles Cholmondely, RAFVR and he conceived Operation Mincemeat, on the war’s most successful acts of deception. Thanks to Operation Mincemeat, the forces of Operation Husky, the invasion of Sicily, enjoyed the element of surprise that helped to make the invasion a success. For his role in Mincemeat, he was awarded the Military Order of the British Empire. He wrote The Man Who Never Was in 1953 which was an account of Operation Mincemeat that was made into a movie three years later. He was president of the United Synagogue, 1954-62, and vice-president of the Anglo-Jewish Association.
1985: Five children were stabbed and wounded by a terrorist from Dura in the center of Jerusalem.
1989(16th of Tammuz, 5749): Eighty-six year old J.M. (John Michael) Cohen, the English businessman and WW II schoolmaster who found his niche as a translator of foreign language passed away today.
http://prhsales-stg.tgix.com/author/?authorid=230466
1989(16th of Tammuz, 5749): Seventy-year old Israeli author and sculptor Benjamin Tammuz passed away.
http://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/21/obituaries/benjamin-tammuz-70-a-writer-and-sculptor.html
http://www.europaeditions.com/author.php?Id=9
1991: Under the leadership of Dr. Fred Bolotin, ground-breaking ceremonies took place for a new addition to what is now known as the Heights Jewish Center Synagogue.
1993(1st of Av, 5753): Rosh Chodesh Av
1993(1st of Av, 5753): Eighty-four year old violinist and conduct Szymon Goldberg passed away today.
http://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/20/obituaries/szymon-goldberg-84-violinist-and-teacher.html
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-szymon-goldberg-1461478.html
1994(11th of Av, 5754): Eighty-one year old Gottfried Reinhardt, the German born film director and producer who was the son of the Austrian theater director Max Reinhardt, passed away in Los Angeles.
1994(11th of Ave, 5754): “Lt. Guy Ovadia, 23, of Kibbutz Yotvata, was fatally wounded in an ambush near Rafiah. HAMAS took responsibility for the attack, saying it was "a response to the massacre at the Erez checkpoint". (Jewish Virtual Library)
1995(21st of Tammuz, 5755): Seventy-two year old Chelsea, MA, native William J. “Bill” Weinberg, the heavyweight boxer whose career began “at the age of 18” in 1941 and ended with his retirement in 1951.
1995: “Clueless” a comedy directed by Amy Heckerling, produced by Scott Rudin and co-starring Alicia Silverstone and Paul Rudd was released by Paramount Pictures in the United States today.
1996: An exhibition featuring the works of Stella Styne is scheduled to come to an end at Belgrave Gallery.
1998: The New York Times featured books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including Stephen Sondheim: A Life by Meryle Secrest, Explaining Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil by Ron Rosenbaum, Summer Sisters by Judy Blume and The Last Kabbalist of Lisbon by Richard Zimler
2000: An international organization that seeks compensation for Holocaust survivors said yesterday that it planned to pressure the Austrian government to acknowledge complicity during the Nazi regime and to improve reparations to Jews.
2001: Maxim Tcherkassov was arrested to and charged “with felony criminal mischief” for having spray pained anti-Semitic remarks and swastikas on homes “in Midwood where many Orthodox Jews live” and on synagogue on East 13th Street.
2002: Today “exactly thirty years after its world premiere in Amsterdam” “Ciao! Manhattan” which had co-directed, produced and written by David Weisman “opened at New York’s Cinema Village.
2002: “In his regular column for the National Catholic Reporter, John L. Allen Jr. quotes unidentified Vatican officials who suggest that Jewish bias against the Roman Catholic Church is partially responsible for the widespread media coverage and bias in the sexual abuse scandal.”
http://skepticism.org/timeline/july-history/7666-national-catholic-reporter-john-allen-quotes-vatican-official-jewish-bias-against-church.html
2003(19th of Tammuz, 5763): Parashat Pinchas
2004(1st of Av, 5764): Rosh Chodesh Av
2004: Eliezer Sanburg swapped ministerial portfolios today began serving as Minister of Energy and Infrastructure after completing his term as Minister of Science and Technology.
2004: TNT broadcast the first episode of “The Grid,” a miniseries co-starring Julianna Margulies.
2005: Today, “German prosecutors charged Holocaust denier Ernst Zündel with 14 counts of inciting racial hatred, which is punishable under German penal code, Section 130, 2.(3) (Agitation (sedition) of the People) with up to 5 years in prison. The indictment stated Zündel "denied the fate of destruction for the Jews planned by National Socialist powerholders and justified this by saying that the mass destruction in Auschwitz and Treblinka, among others, were an invention of the Jews and served the repression and extortion of the German people."
2006: “Strike on Israeli Navy Ship” published today that after having been suffered damage from a missile attack off the coast of Lebanon, “the INS Hanit stayed afloat, got itself out of the line of fire, and made the rest of the journey back to Ashdod port for repairs on its own
2006: The second in a series of three concerts takes place at Jerusalem’s Confederation House featuring bakashot (prayers of request in the Sephardic fashion). This concert focuses on the bakashot of Morocco. Morocco was the only Arab country not conquered by the Ottomans and Jewish Moroccan music, having avoided centuries of Turkish influence, retains an older style harking back to the Golden Age of Spain before the expulsion. The cantors for this concert are Rabbi Meir Eliezer Attia, Maimon Cohen, David Attia, Haim Elon and Moshe Louk.
2006: The following were among the total of 43 Israeli civilians (including four who died of heart attacks during rocket barrages) and 116 IDF soldiers who were killed in the Israel-Hezbollah war: St.-Sgt. Yonatan Hadassi, 21, of Kibbutz Merhavia; St.-Sgt. Yotam Gilboa, of Kibbutz Maoz Haim, Rabiya Abed Taluzi, three, and his brother Mahmoud, 7, of Nazareth.
2007: In Jerusalem, The Zeek Gallery at the Yellow Submarine presents an exhibition entitled "Chance Music."
2008: Police arrested seven IDF soldiers on suspicion of involvement in a quarrel with civilians which took place on Friday night near Atlit Navy base.
2008: Another production of Kurt Weill’s American opera, “Street Scene” was performed today on the grounds of the Old Royal Naval College in Greenwich “with a cast largely from students attending Trinity College of Music.
2009: A stretch of Vienna’s Danube River will be transformed into a sunny beachfront from April through October. Today’s official launch party pays tribute to Tel Aviv’s Centennial with Israeli music, concerts and an upbeat summer party.
2009: At the 18th Maccabiah Games the Israel cricket team plays a team from South Africa and Great Britain plays India as the round robin matches continue.
2009: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including Kissinger: 1973, the Crucial Year by Alistair Horne.
2009: The Governor of Kentucky announced that Jerry Abramson would be running of Lt. Gov. on his ticked in 2011.
2010: An advanced screening of “Lebanon,” a film based on Post-screening discussion with director Samuel Maoz’s own experience during the war with Lebanon in 1982, is scheduled to take place at The Museum of Jewish Heritage in New York.
2010: It was announced today that The IDF and Shin Bet (Israel Security Agency) have arrested a Hamas terror cell that was operating in the West Bank and was behind a shooting attack last month in the southern Hebron Hills which killed policeman Shuki Sofer.
2010(8th of Av, 5770): “In her 100th year,” the widow of artist Reuven Rubin Esther (nee Davis) Rubin, “who had arrived in Tel-Aviv from the Bronx in 1929 after winning first prize in a national oratorical contest of Young Judea” and was “at the forefront of Tel Aviv’s cultural scene” passed away today leaving behind two children – David Rubin and Ariella Giniger
http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/nytimes/obituary.aspx?n=esther-rubin&pid=144534892
2010(8th of Av, 5770): Eighty-six year old particle physicist Gerson Goldhaber, whose accomplishments earned him the title of California Scientist of the Year and the Panofsky Prize of the American Physical Society. (As reported by Jascha Hoffman)
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/26/science/26goldhaber.html
2011: In New York City, The Dor Chadash Book Salon series is scheduled to present Dorit Rabinyan, the Israeli author of A Strand of a Thousand Pearls,
2011: “The official gala opening” of “Ghost the Musical” for which Caissie “Levy originated the role of Molly Jensen” took place this evening in London.
2011: IDF Chief of Staff Benny Gantz ordered the Israel Navy to intercept the French yacht Dignite-Al Karame after it had refused to stop heading toward the Gaza shore.
2011: The New Zealand Security Intelligence Service (SIS) suspected that Israeli spies may have been among the Israeli casualties in the powerful 6.3 earthquake which hit New Zealand earlier this year, killing 181 people including three Israelis, New Zealand newspaper The Southland Times reported today.
2011(17th of Tammuz, 5771) Fast of the 17th of Tammuz
2012: The Illinois Holocaust Museum & Education Center is scheduled to present “Seeking Justice,” a lecture by Eli Rosnebam, “the longest-serving prosecutor and investigator of Nazi criminals and other perpetrators of human rights violations.”
2012: “Hava Nagila” (the movie) is scheduled to be shown on the opening night of the San Francisco Jewish Film Festival.
2012: Twenty of those “lightly injured” in yesterday’s terrorist attack in Bulgaria are scheduled to be flown to Israel starting today.
2012: A airplane carrying 32 Israeli tourists wounded in the attack in Burgas yesterday landed in Ben Gurion Airport this afternoon.Three victims remained in serious condition at a hospital in the Bulgarian capital of Sofia. Military medical staff currently in Bulgaria have yet to determine whether they will be flown to Israel later in the day.
2012: The five Israelis killed in yesterday’s terror attack in Bulgaria arrived in Israel late tonight, as their plane touched down at Ben-Gurion Airport in Tel Aviv shortly after 12:30 a.m. Tourism Minister Stas Misezhnikov oversaw an official ceremony for the victims, whose relatives were present for their arrival. The victims were named this evening as Amir Menashe, 27; Itzik Kolengi, 27; Maor Harush, 26; Elior Priess, 26; and Kochava Shriki, 42.
2012: Israel has raised its military alert on the northern border, and cancelled some weekend furloughs, amid fears that the situation in neighboring Syria is rapidly spiraling out of control.
2013: In Trancoso, “a learning center” devoted to the history of the Jewish community in Portugal is scheduled to open today. (As reported by Cnaan Liphshiz)
2013: “The Snowy Day and the Art of Ezra Jack Keats” the first major exhibition in this country to pay tribute to award-winning author and illustrator Ezra Jack Keats whose beloved children’s books include Whistle for Willie, Peter’s Chair, and The Snowy Day is scheduled to open at the National Museum of American Jewish History.
2013: The Maccabeats are scheduled to perform at the Hampton Synagogue in West Hampton.
2013: “Mamele” is scheduled to be shown this evening as part of the “July Yiddish Film Festival at Agudas Achim” immediately after Shabbat Eve services.
2013: A directive from the “European Union that bars its 28 members from all cooperation with Israeli entities in the West Bank and East Jerusalem and requires that any contracts between EU member countries and Israel henceforth include a clause stating that East Jerusalem and the West Bank are not part of the State of Israel is scheduled to take affect today. (As reported by Gavriel Fiske)
2013: An army spokesperson has confirmed that the IDF has stationed an Iron Dome missile defense battery near the southern city of Eilat.
2013: Today at the Maccabiah, Israel takes on India in cricket, Canada in softball and the USA in baseball
and basketball.
2013: “The 14 pages containing the original Schindler’s List will be auctioned off toay by California collectors Gary Zimet and Eric Gazin, who set the reserve price at $3 million but are hoping to sell it for $5 million.”
http://www.timesofisrael.com/original-schindlers-list-to-be-sold-on-ebay-for-3-million/
2014: As of 1:30 a.m. Israeli time, the IDF continues its mission in Gaza to destroy the capability to launch missiles into Israel and to conduct cross-border raids through tunnels.
2014: “Fourteen French police officers were wounded, and 38 people were arrested” today at an anti-Israel rally held in defiance of a “city-issued ban” on the demonstration. (JTA)
2014: “In Brussels, calls to “kill the Jews” were heard at a demonstration of a few thousand people, where approximately 200 protesters smashed shop windows and parked cars.” (JTA)
2014: “In London, approximately 10,000 people attended a protest rally that featured calls to destroy Israel.” (JTA)
2014: The Historic Sixth & I Synagogue is scheduled to host the “Carsie Blanton CD Release Show.”
2014(21st Tammuz, 5774): Col. Amotz Greenberg, 45, of Hod Hasharon, and Sgt. Adar Bersano, 20, of Nahariya, were killed this morning (Shabbat) after a terrorist squad infiltrated from Gaza into Israel through a tunnel. (As reported by Gil Ronen and Tova Dvorin)
2014(21st of Tammuz, 5774): Eighty year old Pediatrician Paul Fleiss, who despite his long medical career was best known as the father of Heidi Fless, the “Hollywood Madam” passed away today.
http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-paul-fleiss-20140720-story.html
2014(21st of Tammuz, 5774): Ninety-two year pioneering television producer Madeline Amgott passed away today. (As reported by Douglas Martin)
2015: An exhibition featuring a selection of the “illustrations, sketches and etchings” of cartoonist Liana Finick is scheduled to come to an end today at the Spertus Institute for Jewish Learning.
2015: The Oregon Jewish Museum and Center for Holocaust is scheduled to host an “historic walking tour of Jewish South Portland.”
2015: Bob Geminder, a native of Poland whose family survived the Warsaw Ghetto and escaped from a train bound for Auschwitz is scheduled to speak at the Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust.
2015: The Jerusalem Film Festival is scheduled to come to an end.
2015: In Amherst, MA, “a concert featuring the Yidstock All-stars with Frank London and a group of all-star guests including Lorin Sklamberg of the Klezmatics is scheduled to take place at the Yiddish Book Center.
2015: “Scalia/Ginsburg” an opera that looks at the Supreme Court through the eyes of its leading conservative justice and liberal justice, Ruth Bader Ginsburg is scheduled to be performed for the third and final time at the Castleton Festival.
2015: The New York Times features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including The Pinch: A History by Steve Stern, The Goddess Pose: The Audacious Life of Indra Devi, the Woman Who Helped Bring Yoga to the West by Michelle Goldberg and One Man Against the World: The Tragedy of Richard Nixon by Tim Weiner.
2016: The 92nd Street Y is scheduled to host a “Summertime Swing Party” this evening.
2016: The Republican Convention in Cleveland is scheduled to nominate Donald Trump, whose daughter and son-in-law are Jewish as President of the United States.
2017: “Clashes between Muslim protesters and Israeli police erupted today at one of the entrances to Jerusalem’s Old City for the fourth day in a row over new security measures at the Temple Mount following a recent terror attack.” (As reported by Dov Lieber and Alexander Fulbright)
2017: The Center for Jewish History is scheduled to host a session of “Al-Andalus: Tolerance, Culture and Violence” taught by Rachel Stein.
2017: “April’s Daughter” and “The Most Beautiful Island” are scheduled to be shown at the Jewish Film Festival.
2017: In London, UK Jewish Film is scheduled to host the next FilmClub this evening “where a discussion will follow the screening of ‘Eva Hesse,” “the pioneering Jewish American artist.”
2017: “Eva Hesse,” film that tells the story of the short and tragic of this artist” is scheduled to be shown in Glasgow, Scotland.
2017: D.B. “Weiss announced that he was going to begin production on another HBO series, Confederate, after the final season of Game of Thrones.”
2017: “Jerusalem’s Mayor Nir Barkat has reached a deal with ultra-Orthodox leaders to carve up the city’s neighborhoods along religious lines, in a move which critics say is aimed at guaranteeing him ultra-Orthodox support for the next mayoral elections, due 2018.” (As reported by Sue Surkes).
2018: At Temple Israel in Memphis, TN, Rabbi Feivel Strauss is scheduled to “lead a discussion on ‘The Jewish Value of Mercy’” as the community prepares to observe Tisha B’Av this weekend.
2018: “The world premiere of Stories of Survival, a landmark exhibit that showcases more than 60 never-before-seen personal items brought to America by Survivors of the Holocaust and genocides including Armenia, Bosnia, Cambodia, Iraq, Rwanda, South Sudan, and Syria” is scheduled to take place at the Illinois Holocaust Museum and Education Center.
2018: This morning Dov Haiyun, “a Conservative rabbi” “was taken from his home at 5 a.m. and detained for performing weddings outside the auspices of the state-run Chief Rabbinate” which led to the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ) to send a statement later in the day “directly to Prime Minister Netanyahu, saying the episode ‘marks a new and dangerous step in the ongoing attack on religious freedom and civil liberties in Israel.” (As reported by Eric Cortellessa)
2018: “Pianist Alon Goldstein is scheduled to perform at the annual International Keyboard Institute and Festival with the Fine Arts Quartet, celebrating the Institute’s 20th anniversary.”
2018: JW3 is scheduled to host a “special preview of ‘Generation Wealth’” at the Phoenix Cinema.
2019: This evening in San Francisco, the Davies Symphony Hall is scheduled to host “Shabbat at the S.F. Symphony” complete with a “OneTable Shabbat dinner in VIP Green Room at Davies, followed by symphony performance commemorating the 50th anniversary of the moon landing.”
2019: In Berkley, CA, Urban Adamah is scheduled to host “Wilderness Torah Shabbat” featuring a Kabbalat Shabbat serviced followed by a vegetarian potluck dinner” for which the price of admission is “a canned good for the farm food bank.”
2019(16th of Tammuz, 5779): Ninety-year old Agnes Heller, the daughter of Pal Heller, the lawyer who was sent to his death at Auschwitz for helping people to the Nazis and Angela Ligeti “a prominent Hungarian philosopher and dissident who repeatedly found herself unwelcome in her own country” passed away today.
2019: This morning, in San Francisco, Congregation Emanu-El is scheduled to host “Bagels and Babies.”
2019: In Berkley, CA, the Live Oak Theatre is scheduled to host “Cyla’s Gift,” “a story of wartime experiences with traditional Jewish folk tales, written and performed by Samara Lerman.”
2019: Israeli brace for another of the weekly outbreaks of Friday violence on the border of Gaza where Palestinians, for months, have engaged in a range of violent activities including hurling rocks, firebombs and explosives while launching incendiary balloons designed to burn soft targets including forests and homes.
2020: The final day of the Cinegogue Summer Days” film festival is scheduled to included screening of the 2019 Hungarian drama “Those Who Remained” (subtitled) and Q&A with filmmakers: a conversation with Pulitzer Prize-winning critic Emily Nussbaum about Jewish female characters on TV; a screening of English/Hebrew documentary “Love & Stuff” and conversation with filmmaker Judith Helfand; and closing night awards ceremony and cocktail hour; and two shorts -- narrative “The Shabbos Goy” and documentary “Caregiver: A Love Story.
2020: The 11th Annual Axelrod Israel Jewish Film Festival is scheduled to open with “the North American Premiere of the Tribeca Award winning film, ‘Asia’”
2020: The Drive In, Troubadour Meridian Water, Harbet Road, Edmonton, London is scheduled to host a screening of “Yentl” starring Barbra Streisand
2020: The “National Day in Memory of the Victims of the Racist and Anti-Semitic Crimes of the French State and Tribute to the Righteous of France” which is scheduled to be held today in France in accordance with the health rules in force, “will mark this year’s 78th anniversary of the round-up of the Vel’ d’Hiv.”
2020: KlezCalifornia is scheduled to hold an online conversation for fluent Yiddish speaker
2020: The New York Times features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including Desert Notebooks by Ben Ehrenreich, The Hardhat Riot: Nixon, New York City, and the Dawn of the White Working-Class Revolution by David Paul Kuhn and Burning Down the House: Newt Gingrich, the Fall of a Speaker, and the Rise of the New Republican Party by Julian E. Zelizer
2021: Congregation Emanu-El historian Judi Leff is scheduled to lead a tour of two cemeteries in Colma during which participants can “learn about the deceased there who helped shape S.F. and Jewish community, including Levi Strauss, Isaias W. Hellman, Wyatt Earp and 1880s Emanu-El cantor Julie Rosewald.”
2021: The YIVO Institute is scheduled to present a lecture by Abraham Novershtern on “Yiddish Women Writers” which provides an analysis of the challenges faced by this group of authors.
2021: The National Library of Israel is scheduled to host an online lecture by Judy Batalion, author of The Light of Days: The Untold Story of Women's Resistance Fighters in Hitler's Ghettos