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This Day, September 18, In Jewish History by Mitchell A. Levin

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September 18

825 BCE: The Jewish people began a 14-day celebration to dedicate the Holy Temple in Jerusalem. The Temple project was initiated by King David, and built by his son, King Solomon. Solomon's Temple was the spiritual center of Jewish life for 410 years, until its destruction by the Babylonians in 422 BCE (As reported by Aish)

31: Sejanus, Roman head of Praetorian Guard was murdered in the periodic intrigue that wracked Roman government at the imperial level.  Born in 20 BCE, Sejanus was in the business of violently dispatching then enemies of the Emperor Tiberias.  Sejanus had a reputation as anti-Semite and his patron Tiberius was no friend of the Jews.

53: Birthdate of Trajan who was Roman Emperor when the Jews in the Diaspora revolted in 115. The revolt ended in 117 but Trajan died before the Jews were vanquished.

323: Constantine the Great decisively defeats Licinius in the Battle of Chrysopolis, establishing Constantine's sole control over the Roman Empire. This victory came between the Edict of Milan (313) which legalized Christianity and the Council of Nicea (325) which was designed to bring conformity to Christian doctrine and practice.  This victory by the first “Christian Emperor” would help in the drive to make Christianity the only acceptable religion throughout the Roman Empire.

1180: King Louis VII of France died. His reign had not been a good period for the Jews since in 1144 he expelled all the Jews who had converted to Christianity and then returned to Judaism. Also, during his reign I the first Blood Libel in France took place in Blois in 1171.

1180: Philip Augustus became king of France.Immediately after his coronation Philip Augustus ordered the Jews arrested on a Saturday, in all their synagogues, and despoiled of their money and their vestments. In the following April, 1182, he published an edict of expulsion, but according the Jews a delay of three months for the sale of their personal property. Immovable property, however, such as houses, fields, vines, barns, and wine-presses, he confiscated. The Jews attempted to win over the nobles to their side, but in vain. In July they were compelled to leave the royal domains of France (and not the whole kingdom); their synagogues were converted into churches. These successive measures were simply expedients to fill the royal coffers. The goods confiscated by the king were at once converted into cash.” Desperate for money, Phillip reversed his decisions and allowed the Jews to return in 1196.  The conditions were humiliating for the Jewish community and exposed the avaricious nature of the French monarch. The King established special accounts to keep track of the financial condition of the Jews to ensure that he collected the maximum amount of money from that that was possible.  At a time when serfdom was beginning to disappear, the Jews became the serfs of the King and his nobles.  Just as they could dispose of “my lands” in any manner they so fit, so could they treat “my Jews” in any way they chose.

1380: The Cortes of Soria, Castile, denies the rights of Jews to judge their own criminal cases. The Cortes also reaffirmed King Enrique II's decree forbidding Jews from serving in the royal administration. These events help fuel the harangues of Ferran Martinez who lead the bloody anti-Jewish events of 1391.

1573: During the Eighty Years War, Spain attacked the Dutch city of Alkmaar.  The Dutch forces would withstand the subsequent siege.  Their victory proved to be a turning point in the Eighty Years, which when it ended would guarantee that the Netherlands would be an independent nation free from Spanish control. This meant that Holland would continue to be a place of refuge for the Jews of Europe, especially those fleeing the Spanish Inquisition, and provide a place where a Jewish community could flourish.

1612 (27 Elul): In Frankfurt, Vincent Fettmilch a former pastry cook and leader of the Guilds", calling himself the "new Haman of the Jews attacked the synagogue while the community was at prayer. Although many tried to organize a defense they were soon overpowered and many took shelter in the cemetery. He was beheaded four years later. His real crime was to turn against the ruling class of Frankfort.  It was for this for which he lost his head.

1722: On “the eve of the New Year 5483” the Great Synagogue, which was later refered to as “Moses Hart’s Shul” was dedicated in London.

1739: The Treaty of Belgrade was signed today ending one of the many wars between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburgs. As a result of the treaty, Belgrade and northern parts of Serbia were ceded to the Ottoman Empire.  This was a positive event for the Jews of the region, many of whom were Sephardim whose progenitors had arrived after the Spanish Inquisition.  At this time living under the Ottomans was preferable to life under the Habsburgs.  Additionally, it made it easier for the Jews to engage in overseas trade.

1758(15thof Elul, 5518): Rabbi Akiv Eger author of Mishnas De'Rebbi Akiva who was rabbi of Zülz, Silesia from 1749 and Pressburg from 1756 and the grandfather of Rabbi Akiva  Eger passed away today.

1764(Elul, 5524):Jonathan Eybeschütz, the Dayan of Prague who served simultaneously as the Rabbi of Alton, Hamburg and Wandsbek, passed away today.


1765: Birthdate of Pope Gregory XVI. In 1836 the Jewish community of Rome will send a petition to Pope Gregory XVI begging him to stop the annual Saturnalia abuse of the Jewish community. He will refuse the request saying that, “It is not opportune to make any innovation.”

1773(1stof Tishrei, 5534): As the colonists try and figure out how to respond to the Tea Act of 1773 Jews observe Rosh Hashanah just 3 months before the Boston Tea Party.
 
1810:  Under the leadership of Bernard O”Higgins, Chile declared her independence from Spain. It would take Chile 8 years of effort to finally gain that independence.  The new Chilean government would ban the Inquisition which would give Chile’s Convsersos a chance to begin practicing their faith in public.  O’Higgins enjoyed support among the Convserso Community.

1818: During a period of reaction under King Frederick William III, the Jews of Prussia were no longer allowed to hold any academic positions.  This led some Jews, including Heine, to conclude that the only road to real advancement passed through the Baptismal font.

1820(10th of Tishrei, 5581): As James Monroe seeks re-election in a Presidential election unique because he would win all but one of the votes in the Electoral College, Jews observe Yom Kippur

1825: Birthdate of Alexander Abraham de Sola, a Canadian Rabbi, author, Orientalist, and scientist. Originating from a large renowned family of Rabbis and scholars, De Sola was part of family long known for its Rabbis and scholars. He was recognized as one of the most powerful leaders of Orthodox Judaism in the United States during the latter half of the nineteenth century. He passed away on June 5, 1882.

1828(10thof Tishrei, 5589): As Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams square off in one of the nastiest Presidential campaigns of the young republic, Jews observe Yom Kippur

1830(1stof Tishrei, 5591): Rosh Hashanah

1830: Birthdate of Hungarian-born American Hebrew scholar and Rabbi, Adolph Huebsch

1839(10th of Tishrei, 5600): Yom Kippur

1851: The New-York Daily Times, which will become The New York Times,begins publishing.  Adolph Ochs would acquire the Times in 1896.  It is true that a Jewish family owns the New York Times.  But it has never been “a Jewish newspaper.”

1854: A column styled “Items of German News” published today reported that two dozen Russian Jews have been detained at the Prussian city of Memel.  Apparently, “they had smuggled themselves across the border” with Russia and had bordered an English steamer that was about to leave the city when they were discovered.  They were detained because they did not have passports.  At this time, nobody knows what will be done with them.

1858(10thof Tishrei, 5619): Yom Kippur

1860(2ndof Tishrei, 5621): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah is observed for the last time during the Presidency of James Buchannan.

1868(2nd of Tishrei, 5629): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1862: President Abraham Lincoln signed the commission naming Rabbi Jacob Franklin as the Jewish Hospital Chaplain for Philadelphia, PA which “was becoming ‘a central depository for sick and wounded soldiers’” including many Jewish members of the Union Army.  A native of Bavaria, Germany, Frankel had been serving as the rabbi and cantor for Rodeph Shalom, before the Civil War.  His appointment made him the first rabbi to be named as a chaplain after the law was changed to make this possible.  Frankel served for three years while continuing to function as the leader of the Philadelphia congregation.

1868: Sabato Morais received “a life-time contract from Mikveh Israel in Philadelphia, PA

1868: On the second day of the Battle of Beecher’s Island Colonel George A. Forsyth’s Company of Scouts which included Sigmund Shlesinger continued their fight with a larger force led by Roman Nose and suffered so many casualties that Forsyth sent a runner to bring back reinforcements.  (Bet Shlesinger wished her was in synagogue even if the sermon was boring)

1870: In Maryland, a lawsuit was filed in Circuit Court for Baltimore City by members of the Baltimore Hebrew Congregation known as the Lloyd City Synagogue, claiming that changes have been adopted in ritual in a manner that violates the articles of incorporation.

1870: It was reported today that the Jews are about to established a Hebrew University in Berlin. The university is expected will adopt the best academic practices of any European university and will be open to Jews regardless of the place of origin.

1878: Mayor Philips of New Orleans is scheduled to inform Mark Moses, the former Rabbi of the Jackson Street Synagogue who is now in Providence, Rhode Island, that his wife, two sons –Samuel aged 21 and Isaac aged 10 – and his 20 year old daughter Matilda have all passed away this week during the Yellow Fever Epidemic.  The only survivor is his 4 year old daughter.

1879(1st of Tishrei, 5640): Rosh Hashanah

1879(1stof Tishrei, 5640): Seventy-year old Meïr Leibush ben Yehiel Michel Weiser known as the Malbim passed away today.

1879: An article published today that decried the quality of the butter available today traced the history of the dairy delight back to the days of “the ancient Hebrews’; a little known fact that will come to a surprise to those who think butter is a modern invention.

1880: Religious freedom was granted to the Jews of Morocco.  The Moroccan Jewish community was an ancient one. The Rambam had lived at Fez after leaving in Spain.  A large part of the Moroccan Jewish community would leave for Israel after the creation of the state in 1948.

1880: “Flying Men” published today includes the strange tale an 8thcentury Sicilian magician named Diodorous who converted from Christianity to Judaism.  He carved statues for a living including a an elephants made from lava that could still be seen at Catania in the second half of the 19th century.  According to legend, this “modern day” Icarus flew from Constantinople to Catina, a trick which led to him being burned at the stake by the local bishop.

1880: It was reported today that based on studies of different religious denominations in Berlin 1 out of every 400 babies born to Jewish parents are deaf-mutes as compared to 1in 3,000 for Catholics and 1 in 2,000 for Protestants.  The disparity between the Jews is attributed to the fact that Jews “encourage intermarriage with blood relations” as compared to Catholics who forbid it and Protestants who tolerate it.

1880 “Byron” published today provided a review of Byron a biography of the English poet  by John Nichol which includes mention of the little known “Hebrew Melodies written in 1814” which show “the author’s familiarity with the Old Testament .”
1884(28thElul, 5644): Sixty-eight year old Abraham Stein passed away in Prague today where he had been serving as rabbi at the old Meisel Synagogue since 1864 when it changed “to a modern temple with a choir, organ and sermon.”

1884: “A Bid For Hebrew Votes published today described the events surrounding the race for Governor of Connecticut.  The opponents of Henry B. Harrison have reminded voters of anti-Semitic language he used in a jury summation in 1857; language for which he has apparently never apologized.

1887(29thof Elul, 5647): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1887: “The Jewish New Year” published today reported that the Jewish New Year, 5648, will begin tomorrow, and that it is the most important holiday on the calendar with the exception of Yom Kippur.  (What makes this item exceptional is that it appeared in on the nation’s leading secular newspapers, not a Jewish publication.)

1890: The Bowling Circle of the Young Men’s Hebrew Association held its first meeting this evening and elected offices.

1890: Professor W.R. Harper, the Chairman of the Hebrew Languages and Literature Department at Yale University was chosen to serve at the President of the University of Chicago.

1890(4th of Tishrei, 5651): Benjamin Franklin Peixotto, one of the most prominent Jewish leaders of the second half of the 19th century, died of consumption today at his home in New York City surrounded by members of his family including two children. His wife was not with him.  She has a fatal heart condition and is lying near death at Baden Baden, where she is in the company of the couples other children.   Peixotto’s father had come to New York from Amsterdam to serve as a rabbi.  Peixotto was born in New York in 1834.  When he was 13, his father died and he moved to Cleveland where eventually wrote for the Cleveland Plain Dealer and studied law. From his earliest days, Peixotto took an active interest in the affairs of the Jewish community serving as a Grand Master of the B’nai B’rith and a director of the Hebrew Orphan Asylum of Cleveland, an institution for which he had obtained the original charter from the Ohio State Legislature. He returned to New York in 1866 and then moved to San Francisco in 1867 where he practiced law.  President Grant appointed him Consul to Bucharest in 1870, at a time when the civilized world was expressing their disgust at the persecution of the Jews of Romania.  He held the position for five years where he effectively represented the interest of the United States while working to ameliorate the worsening condition of his co-religionist.  He returned to the United States where he took an active role the campaign to elect Ruther B. Hayes as President.  He turned down an offer to serve as U.S. Consul to St. Petersburg (Russia) in 1877 but accepted an appointment as U.S. Consul to Lyons, France, a position he held until 1885 when he returned to New York to resume he practice of law.  In 1886, he found Menorah, a monthly publication devoted to topics related to the B’nai B’rith, Jewish literature and the Jewish religion.

1891: In Newark, NJ, Charles Lieberman, an active member of the synagogue on Bedford Street went to Justice Priesel and asked him to issue arrest warrants for six Polish Jews who “had entered the synagogue and held a bacchanalian orgy.

1891: Almost three thousand members of Temple Beth-El took part “in the consecration of their new house of worship” at the corner of 76th Street and 5thAvenue.

1892: In Seattle, Washington, Ohaveth Sholum Congregation opened their synagogue which had been designed by Herman Stenman.  It was the second synagogue to open in the state within a four day period.

1892: “Cholera Has Spared The Jews” published today described the results of an investigation by Jewish communal officials that could find only 40 cases of the disease among the quarter of a million of the Jews living in Russia.  The study did not include Poland, but it would seem to disprove the contention that Russian Jews passing through Hamburg are responsiblefor the cholera epidemic

1893(9thof Tishrei, 5654): Erev Yom Kippur

1893: “The musical portions of the services” at Temple Emanu-El, Temple Beth-El and Temple Ahavath Chesed are expected to “be especially beautiful” this evening.

1894: Members of Company D, 47th Regiment of the New York National Guard have been charged with vandalism in Tompkinsville including the destruction of the front fence of the town’s synagogue.

1895: “Bavarian Enmity To Stern” published today described U.S. Ambassador Runyon’s effort to intervene on behalf of Louis Stern and Germany’s hostile reaction including attacks by Munich newspapers that claim “such efforts might be effective in Morocco but not in Germany.”

1896:Lucie Hadamard Dreyfus “signed a petition to the Chamber of Deputies that denounced "the negation of any sort of justice" represented by the conviction "on a charge that the prosecution produced unbeknownst to him, and which thereafter could not be discussed either with him or with his lawyer."

1897: “Will Support Seth Low” punlished today quotes The Hebrew Standard as, “As the leading Jewish papers in this city, The Hebrew Standard has always…been a staunch supporter of of Tammany Hall, but it now advocates Mr. Low because it proposes to be independent in this campaign and because such action voices the sentiment of the best element of the Jewish people of New York, who compose the bone and sinew of its commerce and trade…”

1898(2ndof Tishrei, 5659): 2nd day of Rosh Hashanah

1898: Charles Putzi who is thought to have been involved in the Dreyfus hung himself today aboard the SS La Gascogne a day after it had sailed from La Harve.

1898: In Pittsburgh, PA, Morris and Gitel Adler gave birth to Saul Adler for whom the Saul Adler Community Center in Monroe, LA was named.

1898: The first edition of Anti-Juif Stephanois was published today.

1899: “The Children of the Ghetto” by Israel Zangwill will open today in Washington, DC for a week long run before moving to Baltimore for a week and Philadelphia for two weeks before finally opening in New York in October.

1901: Birthdate of director and critic Harold Edgar Clurman whose first theatre experience came when as a child his parents took to him Yiddish productions on the Lower East Side of New York.

1902(16th of Elul, 5662): i Dr. Isaac (Yitzhak) Rülf who served as a Rabbi in the Prussian city of Memel and who was a Jewish teacher, journalist and philosopher passed away.  Born in 1831, he became widely known for his aid work and as a prominent early Zionist – a role that set him apart from many of clerical brethren.

1907(10th of Tishrei, 5668): Yom Kippur

1907: Birthdate of Gerda Baier who survived Theresienstadt only to be murdered at Auschwitz.

1907: Birthdate of actor Leon Askin, an Austrian actor. Born Leo Aschkenasyinto a Jewish family in Vienna, Askin already wanted to be an actor as a child. His dream came true, and in the 1930s he worked as a cabaret artist and director at the "ABCTheatre" in Vienna: in this position he also helped the career of the writer Jura Soyfer get off the ground in 1935. Persecuted by the Nazis, Askin escaped to the United States via France, arriving in New York in 1940 with no money and less than a basic knowledge of English. When the U.S. entered the Second World War Askin joined the U.S. Army. While serving in the military he learned that his parents had been killed at Treblinka extermination camp. After the war, Askin went to Hollywood, invariably portraying foreign characters who speak English with a strong accent. He gained wide popularity by appearing as Gen. Albert Burkhalter in the sitcom Hogan's Heroes in the late 1960s.As opposed to other exiled Austrians, Askin never refused to work again in his home country. In 1994 he permanently took up residence in Vienna, where he remained active until his death in cabaret, as well as the Volksoper and Festwochen. He was awarded Vienna's Gold Medal of Honor. Leon Askin died in 2005 at the age of 97.

1910: In Germany,Ottilie and Rabbi Julius Grünthal gave birth to Josef Grünthal who gained fame as Israeli composer Josef Tal.

1910(14thof Elul, 5671): Ninety year old Mrs. Malke Hesselsohn passed away.

1913: When the trial of Governor William Sulzer came before the Impeachment Court in Albany today, his defense team was led by Louis Marshall. (Marshall was Jewish; Sulzer wasn’t)

1915(10th of Tishrei, 5676): Thirty-one days after the lynching of Leo Frank, Jews observe Yom Kippur

1917(2nd of Tishrei, 5678): Four days after the Provisional Government declared that Russia was a Republic, a move that filled many Russian Jews with hope for the future observance of the Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1918: British General Allenby renewed his offensive against the Turks after having sat idle for almost a year following the capture of Jerusalem.  Within a week the British will have driven the Turks from Nazareth and the Galilee. 

1919: Pitcher Al Schacht made his major league debut with the Washington Senators.


1920: Birthdate of Selma Jeanne Cohen, the Chicago native who sought to make dance scholarship a respected academic discipline

1921: Amos Kidder Fiske, author of The Jewish Scriptures and The Great Epic of Israel passed away.

 
1921: Amos K. Fiske, the former editorial writer for the New York Times and author of The Great Epic of Israel passed away today.

 
1926(10th of Tishrei, 5687):  Yom Kippur

1926: Thanks to an order from Director of Public Safety Brennan, the Jewish policemen and firemen of Newark, NJ, are excused from active duty today.

1926: Birthdate of Joseph Kubert, “a titan among comic-book artists whose work stretched from the Golden Age of the superhero to the gritty realism of the graphic novel” (As reported by Margalit Fox)

1926: Birthdate of Siegfried Wortman who began his career with Hakoah Vienna National team and scored Austria's second and game winning goal in its victory over Czechoslovakia.

1926: Birthdate of Jonah J. Greenspan better known as Bud Greenspan whose cinematic activities have created a whole sub-culture in American sport.  Greenspan is the preeminent master of sport films. A four-time producer of official films of the Olympic Games, Greenspan produced the official motion pictures of the 1984 (Los Angeles), 1988 (Calgary), 1992 (Barcelona), and 1996 Olympic Centennial Games in Atlanta. He also produced the non-official two-hour TV special on the 1994 Lillehammer Winter Olympics. His "The Spirit of the Olympics", a multi-screen visual/musical tribute to the quadrennial games, is on permanent display at the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland His book, 100 Greatest Moments in Olympic History, published in November, 1995, has had multiple printings. Greenspan has produced numerous other Olympic-related productions, among them: 16 Days of Glory, Los Angeles, Triumph and Tragedy: The 1972 Olympics, The Measure of Greatness, An Olympic Dream, the television series For the Honor of Their Country, and the two-hour docu-drama, Time Capsule: The 1936 Berlin Olympic Games. The TV series: The Olympiad, produced with his late wife, Cappy, has been seen in more than 80 countries around the world.He has earned numerous industry honors, including: The Directors Guild of America Lifetime Achievement Award in 1995, and TV Academy Emmy Awards for The Olympiad series, his Olympic vignettes, and both of the 16 Days of Glory films--Calgary (1988) and Lillehammer (1994) Greenspan was awarded the Olympic Order in 1985 by International Olympic Committee President Juan Antonio Samaranch--the 17th American to receive this honor.

1927: Birthdate of Kurt Sauerquell, the native of Vienna, who would be known as Elliot Welles, a Holocaust survivor who spent the years after World War II as a tireless hunter of Nazis, which started with the man who murdered his mother. (As reported by Margalit Fox)
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/03/nyregion/03welles.html?_r=2&scp=1&sq=Elliot%20Welles&st=cse&

1927: Columbia Broadcasting System goes on the air.  Williams S. Paley, a product of the Jewish neighborhood on Chicago's West Side and the Wharton School of Finance, was already a part owner of CBS.  In 1928, he would become its President and later Chairman of the Board.  While CBS may be have been "owned and run by a Jew" it was not a Jewish media outlet.  On a personal level, Paley was a friend of Chaim Weizmann and a major financial supporter of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel.

1929: Western Union announced tonight that normal cable service between Palestine and New York has been resumed.

1929: In its commentary on the recent Arab attacks on the Jews of Palestine, “The Yiddish Communist daily Emes, continued its campaign against Zionism” today when it wrote, ‘Zionism was born on pogroms, existed on pogroms and has died on pogroms.’”

1933: Birthdate of director Roman Polanski.  He is best known for such films asRosemary's Baby and Chinatown.  He gained notoriety as the husband of the cruelly murdered Sharon Tate and for his sexual dalliance with an underage girl.

1934(9thof Tishrei, 5695): Kol Nidre

1934: Pitcher Syd Cohen made his major league debut with the Washington Senators.(Since there were no night games in those days he made have made it to the synagogue)

1936(2ndof Tishrei, 5697): 2nd day of Rosh Hashanah

1938: Hank Greenberg hit his 52nd and 53rd home runs of the season putting him ahead of Ruth’s 1927 record setting season.  Greenberg still need 7 to tie and 8 to break the Bambino’s record.

1940: Secretary of State Cordell Hull today indicated that the activities of Baron Edgar von Spiege, German Consul General in New Orleans, who has figured in a State Department warning against foreign agents' discussion of American affairs, are still under scrutiny. Hull was not an isolationist and he was certainly not blind to threat posed by Germany and Japan.  Possibly reflecting his background as veteran of the U.S. Congress who was not blind to the realities of American attitudes on race and religion, Hull was not supportive of measures designed to rescue the Jews from Hitler’s Europe.  He opposed allowing ships with cargoes of Jewish refugees to land in the United States.  He was successful in having those on board the SS St. Louis returned to Europe. However, Mrs. Roosevelt was able to thwart Hull’s desire to have the Jewish refugees on board the SS Quanza turned away from the shores of the United States.

1941: The Nazis massacred the Jewish community of Shirvint, Lithuania.

1942: Food rations are dramatically reduced for Jews throughout Greater Germany. 

1942: Himmler stated in a letter to Autur Greiser that Hitler was demanding that the original Reich and the Protectorate be cleaned out from west to east and be rid of Jews as quickly as possible.'

1942: Reich Minister of Justice Otto Thierack and SS chief Heinrich Himmler agree that Jews and selected other camp inmates will be transferred to SS custody for Vernichtung durch Arbeit (extermination through work); i.e., hard labor until death.

1943: Two thousand Jews were deported to Sobibor where all but 12 die.

1943: Two thousand Jews in Minsk, Belorussia, are deported to the Sobibór death camp; 80 are selected for forced labor and the rest are gassed.

1943: The Nazis begin the deportation of the Jews of Lida, Belorussia to the Majdanek death camp

1943: Hitler orders the deportation of Danish Jews.

1944(1st of Tishrei, 5705): Rosh Hashanah

1944: Five hundred Jews participated in Rosh Hashanah services at the Naval Air Station Keflavik in Iceland.  The sefer torah for the service had been flown from the United States.

1944: Fourteen hundred Jewish boys at Auschwitz are taken from their barracks to the children's block and are later gassed.

1944: Birthdate of Richard Danzig an American lawyer who served as the 71stSecretary of the Navy and was a political advisor to Barak Obama.

1946: One portion of Emanuel Ringelblum's Warsaw Ghetto diary, which was secretly buried by Ringelblum, is discovered in a ruined house at 68 Nowolipki Street in Warsaw. Born in 1900, Ringelblum was a trained historian having received his doctorate in 1927.  He spent many years before the war working in Jewish communal activities especially with those Polish Jews who were exiled from Germany in the 1930’s.  After the Warsaw Ghetto had been built Ringelbaum was head of the cultural affairs section of the underground Jewish government.  He created an archive unit known as Oneg Shabbat which would turn out to be the most complete record of the life of Poland’s Jews under the Nazis.  Ringelblum hid his archival treasure trove including his diaries in three large metal containers. Ringelbaum took part in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and later escaped from Trawniki labor camp.  Unfortunately, his hideout was discovered and he and his family were murdered on March 7, 1944.  According to some literary critics, Ringelblum was the inspiration for the main protagonist in John Hersey’s The Wall .

1947: Hank Greenberg plays in his last major league baseball game.

1948: Ralph J Bunche was confirmed as acting UN mediator in Palestine.  Bunche would win the Nobel Prize for Peace so successfully negotiating the armistice agreements between Israel and the Arab states that had attacked her.

1950: A meeting of the Mixed Armistice commission is held in the Jerusalem No-Man’s Land along the Green Line.

1950: In what appears to be a change of heart, a Jordanian spokesman denied reports that it would withdraw it complaint over what it considers the Israeli invasion of Jordanian territory above the confluence of the Yarmuk and the Jordan rivers.

1950: The Village I Knew, choreographed by Sophie Maslow, was performed for the first time

1952: The Jerusalem Post reported that a wide range of Israel-designed gowns, dresses, blouses, shirts and coats was flown to the US for a roving exhibition, arranged by the Bonds Drive, to promote Israeli exports.  In the early days of the state of Israel, products marked "made in Israel" were not always of the highest quality.  After all, it was a pioneer state.  In those days, American Jews made a point of buying things stamped "made in Israel" as a way of showing solidarity and support for the infant nation.

1953: In Philadelphia, PA, Miriam and Ephraim Bloch, the owner of Perfect Fit Industries, gave birth to Lawrence “Larry” Clifford Bloch who built the Wetlands Preserve in TriBeCa into an influential rock club and a hub of environmental activism (As reported by James C McKinley, Jr.)

1954: In Montreal, Roslyn and Harry Pinker gave birth to psychologist Steven Prinker who was named one of Time Magazine's 100 most influential people in the world in 2004

1955(2ndof Tishrei, 5716): 2nd day of Rosh Hashanah

1957: In Tel Aviv, as athletes began another day of competition in the Maccabiah Games, “the United States trailed Israel in the team score 106 to 73.” 

1967: U.S. Premiere of Arthur Hiller’s “The Tiger Makes Out” the movie version of Murray Schisgal’s play co-starring Eli Wallach, featuring Dustin Hoffman and filmed by cinematographer Arthur J. Ornitz/

1970: American music icon Jimi Hendrix who was managed by Shep Gordon the subject of the 2014 documentary “Supermensch: The Legend of Shep Gordon” passed away today.

1970: The following story documents how Israel saved the Kingdom of Jordan from coming under the control of Syria, as President Assad pursued his goal of creating Greater Syria that would include Lebanon, Jordan and Israel.

Today Syria, through the Palestine Liberation Army's (PLA) Syrian branch, whose headquarters were located in Damascus and which was controlled by the government, tried to intervene on behalf of the Palestinian guerrillas. The PLA sent in armored forces equivalent to a brigade, with tanks, some of them allegedly hastily rebranded from the regular Syrian army for the purpose. Other Syrian units were the 5th Infantry Division (with the 88th and 91st Tank Brigades and the 67th Mechanised Brigade with over 200 T-55 tanks) and Commandos. They were met by the 40th Armored Brigade of the Jordanian army. The Syrian air force, under orders of Defense Minister Hafez al-Assad, never entered the battle. This has been variously attributed to power struggles within the Syrian Baathist government (pitting Assad against Salah Jadid), and to the threat of Israeli military intervention. As King Hussein dealt with threats by both Palestinian refugees in his country and Syrian military forces crossing Jordan's border, the king asked "the United States and Great Britain to intervene in the war in Jordan, asking the United States, in fact, to attack Syria, and some transcripts of diplomatic communiques show that Hussein requested Israeli intervention against Syria." Timothy Naftali said. "Syria had invaded Jordan and the Jordanian king, facing what he felt was a military rout, said please help us in any way possible." A telegram indicates that Hussein himself called a U.S. official at 3 a.m. to ask for American or British help. "Situation deteriorating dangerously following Syrian massive invasion...," the document said. "I request immediate physical intervention both land and air... to safeguard sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of Jordan. Immediate air strikes on invading forces from any quarter plus air cover are imperative."  Israel, which found the move undesirable, performed mock air strikes on the Syrian column at the Americans' request. Possibly alarmed at the prospect of an armed conflict with Israel, Syria's government ordered a hasty retreat. Its involvement at the time remained a subject for historical debate. Assad told his biographer, Patrick Seale, that Syria's intention in invading northern Jordan was only to protect the Palestinians from a massacre .Whatever the case, the swift Syrian withdrawal was a severe blow to Palestinian hopes. Jordanian armored forces steadily pounded their headquarters in Amman, and threatened to break them in other regions of the kingdom as well. The Palestinians agreed to a cease-fire. Hussein and Arafat attended the meeting of leaders of Arab countries in Cairo, where Arafat won a diplomatic victory. On September 27, Hussein was forced to sign an agreement which preserved the right of the Palestinian organizations to operate in Jordan. For Jordan, it was humiliating that the agreement treated both sides to the conflict as equals.

1971: Birthdate of Jada Koren Pinkett Smith an American actress, producer, director, author, singer-songwriter, and businesswoman who is described as being of Portuguese-Jewish, African-American, West Indian and Creole ancestry. (Only in America)

1972(10th of Tishrei, 5733): Yom Kippur

1977: The Jerusalem Post reported from Washington that US President Jimmy Carter had once again denied that his country supported the concept of a separate Palestinian state. When you consider the general acceptance of this by Israelis today, this item seems like a tempest in a long-forgotten teapot.

1977:  The Post reported that Foreign Minister Moshe Dayan who was originally scheduled to fly to the US returned unexpectedly from Brussels to Israel, giving rise to rumors that he had held secret important talks with Egypt.

1977:  The Post reported that Moshe Shamir, Professor of Islamic History at the Hebrew University, was appointed Prime Minister Menachem Begin's adviser on Arab Affairs at a time when Israel's Good Fence aid to South Lebanon was well known and highly appreciated, according to Archbishop Maximos Saloum.

1977: Meshulam Riklis, a 54 year old Israeli businessman, married 23 year old Pia Zadora.

1978: Camp David Accords were signed between Egyptian president Anwar Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister, Menachem Begin and US President Jimmy Carter. The accords were based on the principal of total withdrawal for total peace including diplomatic ties, open borders, and trade relations. The agreement led to the formal peace treaty. In recent years there has been criticism of the accords and the treaty which after Sadat’s assassination became a "cold peace". Regardless of the criticism, the accords changed the equation in the Middle East.  Three decades of violence including three wars, have been replaced by a quarter of a century of peace along the border between the Sinai and the Negev.  Without Egyptian support, general war against Israel became unthinkable, even for those states that did not want to make peace.  No matter how cynical one might be, one should never forget the courage of Sadat for making the peace.  Nor should one forget that Begin took a big gamble.  What would have happened if he had given back the Sinai and then the Egypt's had reneged on the deal the way they had after the Sinai Campaign of 1956?

1978: CBS begins the broadcast of the fourth season of “One Day At a Time”  starring Bonnie Franklin

1980: Eighty-one year old Rose Vallard the French art historian and museum curator who protected art, much of it owned by Jews, from being stolen by the Nazis and then worked with the “Monument Men” including James Rorimer to retrieve the art passed away today.

1982(1st of Tishrei, 5743): Rosh Hashanah

1985(3rd of Tishrei, 5746): Tzom Gedaliah

1985: The funeral of Julian Beck, founder of the Living Theatre, was scheduled to be held today in Manhattan

1989: Birthdate of Daniel DeClue, a bright talented student and musician.  A proud, practicing Jew, he is a kind, caring, decent human being.

1991(10thof Tishrei, 5752): Yom Kippur

1992: “Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin's wife said today that a car rented for her use in Berlin had been replaced after vandals scratched a swastika on it. Leah Rabin, who fled Nazi Germany with her family in 1933 at the age of 5, said a rise in racism and anti-Semitism in Germany was evident on her three-day visit with her husband. She said she had not seen the swastika because the car was replaced immediately.”

1993(3rd of Tishrei, 5754): Shabbat Shuva

1996: The Drisha Institute for Jewish Education graduated its first class.

1998: The Times of London reviews “Via Dolorosa” a new play about Israel by Sir David Hare.

2001(1st of Tishrei, 5762): Rosh Hashanah

2001(1stof Tishrei, 5762)Future Oakland A’s first baseman Nate Freiman attended services at Temple Beth Elohim, in Wellesley, MA, a  service of which he said, “It was packed---the most people I ever saw there.” (As reported by Hillel Kuttler)

2002(12thof Tishrei, 5763): Palestinian Islamic Jihad claimed credit for today’s bombing at Umm al-Fahm, a city in the Haifa District which is predominately populated by Arab citizens of Israel.

2002: Effi Eitam began serving as Minister of Energy and Water Resources.

2002: In “A Quest for a People Who May No Longer Exist,” published today Richard Bernstein examines the possible existence of one of “the ten lost tribes.”

2003 (21st of Elul, 5763):  Rabbi Emil Fackenheim passed away. He was born in Halle, Germany in 1916.  He graduated from Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums in 1939 and obtained Ph.D. from University of Toronto in 1945. He was interned at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in 1938 and 1939.  After becoming a Rabbi, he left Germany for Great Britain, where he was interned as an enemy alien after World War II began. He was sent to Canada in 1940, where he was a rabbi (1943-48), then professor of philosophy (1948-84) at the University of Toronto. He subsequently moved to Israel, where he was associated with the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.  Fackenheim explored the problem of revelation and the relationship of the Jews with God, believing that the Holocaust must be understood as an imperative requiring Jews to carry on Jewish existence and that the existence of the state of Israel is a rebuke to those who view the Jewish people as obsolete or dying. Among his books are God's Presence in History (1972) and To Mend the World(1982). 2003: Emil Fackenheim, author of the 614th commandment - Thou shalt not hand Hitler posthumous victories. To despair of the God of Israel is to continue Hitler’s work for him."- passed away.

2004 (3rd of Tishrei, 5765): Shabbat Shuvah

2004 (3rd of Tishrei, 5765): Norman F, Cantor passed away. Born in Winnipeg, Canada in 1929, Cantor was a historian who specialized in the medieval period. His sound scholarship was embodied in an accessible style with narrative drive, which made his major textbook, The Civilization of the Middle Ages the most widely-read overview of medieval history. Cantor received his docorate from Princeton. He taught at several prestigious universities including Princeton, Columbia, Brandies, and NYU.

2005: Agudath Achim, the Orthodox Congregation in Little Rock, Arkansas, celebrated its one hundredth anniversary with a gala dinner.

2005: The Jerusalem Post reported that some 25 Torah scrolls in the New Orleans area, jeopardized by Hurricane Katrina, were rescued by a number of Jewish groups acting in concert. A makeshift coalition of representatives from the Jewish Federation of Greater New Orleans, national leadership from the Reform movement, rabbis from Baton Rouge and New Orleans and local law-enforcement officials were responsible for the effort. "Among the 25 we saved were also a few that were rescued from the Holocaust, and here they've survived a second horrific disaster," said Rabbi David Saperstein, the director of the Reform movement s Washington-based Religious Action Center. Chabad officials, working with both Jewish and non-Jewish volunteers, rescued at least 15 additional scrolls. "It is a bittersweet occasion," said Rabbi Zelig Rivkin, the executive director of Chabad Lubavitch of Louisiana. "Hurricane Katrina has destroyed our homes, synagogues and our city but has not destroyed our community." Among the sites that had Torahs rescued were Chabad of Louisiana's New Orleans headquarters, the Chabad Jewish Center in Metairie, the Touro Synagogue, Temple Sinai, and the Federation building, which had housed Torahs belonging to Shir Chadash Conservative Congregation and the New Orleans Jewish Day School. Rabbi Saperstein noted that the rescued Torahs were sent to cities like Houston, Baton Rouge and Memphis to be with their respective displaced congregations.
Among the scrolls that remain in New Orleans are Torahs from Congregation Gates of Prayer, which, according to Rabbi Robert Lowey, were taken to a high-rise office building downtown before the evacuation.

2005: The 2005 Lasker Awards for medical research are going to scientists who discovered stem cells, invented genetic fingerprinting and developed a powerful technology that played a crucial role in mapping the human genome. And a nonscientist, Nancy Brinker, is the winner of the Lasker Public Service Award for creating the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation, which has helped transform a disease once rarely mentioned in polite conversation into an international issue. The awards, widely considered the United States' most prestigious medical prizes, are being announced today by the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation. The two scientific awards each carry a $50,000 prize, split between the winners; the public service award has no monetary prize. Mary Lasker created the awards in 1946 as a birthday gift to her husband, Albert, the Jewish advertising man,  in hopes of curing cancer in 10 years.

2005:  The Washington Post Book Section reviewed The Lost One: A life of Peter of Peter Lorre by Stephen D. Youngkin.  As the review points out Lorre was born Laszlo Loewenstein.  He emigrated from his native Hungary to Berlin from which he fled to Vienna in 1933 due to the rise in anti-Semitism.  If you can imagine, he was on the same train with the actor Oskar Homolka, director Josef von Sternberg and violinist Jascha Heifitz.  When things worsened in Austria, Loree was able to escape to England due to a strange quirk of fate.  He got a paid ticket to England to act in Alfred Hitchcock’s first version of the mystery film, The Man Who Knew Too Much.You might want to read the book to find how Lorre, who spoke know English, got the part.

2005:A weekend of events marking the dedication of the Uriah P. Levy Jewish Center and Chapel at the U.S. Naval Academy comes to climactic close a new chapel and student center on Sunday named for the nation's first Jewish flag officer, Commodore Uriah P. Levy, a man who fought to serve his country while still observing his faith.

2006: Media Matters for America hired Eric Alterman as a Senior Fellow and agreed to host Altercation, effective today.

2006: Israel's Attorney General, Menachem Mazuz, stated that the likelihood of Moshe Katsav being the victim of a plot was "fairly slim."[

2006 Congregation Beth El, of Missouri City, Texas participated in celebrating the High Holidays with Jewish residents from the Brenham State School and the Richmond State School.

2006:The Winograd Commission - the committee appointed to investigate the management of the war in Lebanon - begins its proceedings.

2006: At a debate in Tysons Corner between Republican Allen and Democrat Webb, WUSA-TV's Peggy Fox asked Allen, the tobacco-chewing, cowboy-boot-wearing son of a pro football coach, if his Tunisian-born mother has Jewish blood. The Forward, a Jewish newspaper, reported that the senator's mother, Etty, "comes from the august Sephardic Jewish Lumbroso family" and continued: "If both of Etty's parents were born Jewish -- which, given her age and background, is likely -- Senator Allen would be considered Jewish in the eyes of traditional rabbinic law, which traces Judaism through the mother." The Presbyterian Allen joins public figures Madeleine Albright and John Kerry in discovering his Jewish roots.

2007: U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice arrives in Jerusalem for a round of talks in Israel and the Palestinian Authority to prepare for the Middle East peace summit scheduled for the second half of November. Rice is expected to meet separately with Prime Minister Ehud Olmert and PA Chairman Mahmoud Abbas, who will report on the progress made in their talks over the past few weeks.

2007: The Tenth Annual Israeli Music Celebration continues with a concert at The Ben-Gurion University, Beersheba

2007: In Bethesda, Maryland, Mitchell Bard holds a reading and autograph session to promote his new book, Will Israel Survive?

2007(6th of Tishrei 5768): St.-Sgt. Ben-Zion Henman was shot to death during operations in Nablus.

2008: Temple Judah’s Joshua Siegel plays Seymour in Little Shop of Horrors at Kennedy High School.

2008: In Washington, D.C., a joint reading with local writer Peter Manseau, author of the debut novel Songs for the Butcher's Daughter,and poet Janet R. Kirchheimer, author of the collection How to Spot One of Us.

2008:Dialects: Israeli Jazz & Klezmer”, featuring Omer Klein is the first of three concerts being held in celebration of Israel’s 60th anniversary.
 
2008: “Pilobolus in Israel,” a photography exhibition by Robert Whitman of the dance troupe’s visit to Israel earlier this year, opens today at New York’s Chelsea Market.

2008: On her first day as Kadima's new leader, Tzipi Livni received a startling blow: Shaul Mofaz, whom she ended up beating in Wednesday's party primary by only 431 votes, announced that he was "taking a break" from political life.

2009: Israel plays Spain in the World Group, 2009 Semi-finals of the Davis Cup competition.

2009: Stephanie Pritzker received the 2009 Samuel A. Goldsmith Award for Outstanding Young Professional in Jewish Communal Work.
 
2009: 29th of Elul, 5769): Erev Rosh Hashanah

2009: 29th of Elul, 5769): As Jews gather to mark the start of Rosh Hashanah at Ahavat Olam in Miami, a 131 year old Torah was to be read tonight as part of the congregation’s Rosh Hashanah observances. The sheepskin scroll was believed to have been completed in 1878, the date of the inscription on its wooden handle. The handle also bears the name of the couple who donated it to their congregation in Moravske Budejovice, in what is now the Czech Republic. It was kept in a warehouse with other Torahs and Judaica after Hitler came to power, coming under the Nazis' control. After the Nazis fell, the cache from the Central Jewish Museum in Prague was controlled by communists who eventually sold the scroll and 1,563 others to a London synagogue in 1963. The scroll came to Miami after Marmorstein placed the synagogue's name on a waiting list several years back. Like all the trust's scrolls, it remains the property of the London organization, on indefinite loan to the temple. Congregations are chosen, in part, based on their desire to incorporate the scroll into their worship. The scroll came to Miami after Rabbi Danny Marmorstein placed the synagogue's name on a waiting list several years back. Like all the trust's scrolls, it remains the property of the London organization, on indefinite loan to the temple. Congregations are chosen, in part, based on their desire to incorporate the scroll into their worship. Already, the history of the Torah has resonated with members. Bianca Lerner, 80, survived the Holocaust in part by being taken in by the parents of a Christian friend and then hiding in a Catholic orphanage. She remembers being forced with her parents from their home. Her father was killed in a Polish ghetto. Her mother died at the Treblinka extermination camp. "My parents just walked out of our apartment, which was beautifully furnished with antiques and Oriental rugs and we just walked out and that was it," she said. "Since then, I've thought material possessions don't mean anything." But a Torah, Lerner said, is different: It's not just the central symbol of her faith, but something used in actual prayer and worship. Irving Whitman, 88, says he was a young Army private from New Jersey when he helped liberate the Buchenwald concentration camp. Those memories are seared in his mind. And he sees the Torah as an extension of his wartime experience. "It's all part of the same story," he said. "It's all part of the same historical moment." Susan Boyer, the U.S. director of the trust, also heads the Czech Torah Network in Sherman Oaks, Calif., which has helped reunite Holocaust survivors with scrolls from their hometowns. When she thinks of the surviving Torahs, she wonders what happened to the people from its synagogue, the people who prayed with it. It is a sad story, she admits, but she says it is buffered by hope, because the faith has lived on. If the Nazis had prevailed, Jews would have faded away long before Ahavat Olam gained roots in South Florida five years ago. Hitler's army would have killed the men and women who bore its congregants. And the Torah never would have left SS hands. Marmorstein knew he wanted a Holocaust-surviving Torah since the congregation was born. He wanted to pay tribute to the Jews who died and could think of no better way than through the faith's most prized possession. The 54-year-old rabbi shows a black-and-white picture of 11 relatives, his great aunts and uncles, grandfather and great-grandparents. Only two in the photo survived the Holocaust: his father and an uncle who both were liberated from Auschwitz. When asked why getting the Torah was so important, his eyes well with tears. "It's in my blood, this whole history is in my family," he said. "It's easy for us to sit and talk about it. But when it was your own father, your own uncle, when your grandfather was killed, it’s different. That's why."

2009: 29th of Elul, 5769): Eighty-one year old Dr. Lawrence B. Slobodkin, author of “The World is Green” and one of the founders of the modern ecology movement passed away today. (As reported by Carol Kaesuk Yoon)

2010(10th of Tishrei, 5771): Yom Kippur

2010: A Yom Kippur machzor which had been translated for the first time into Portuguese is scheduled to be used by the Jews in Brazil's Amazon. The prayer book includes the traditional Hebrew text of the Yom Kippur prayer services, together with a transliteration and translation into Portuguese. It incorporates the customs and prayers of the Moroccan Sephardim, which were brought to Brazil in the 19th century by Moroccan Jewish immigrants.
 
2010(10thof Tishrei, 5771): Eighty-nine year old  Irving Ravetch, half of the husband wife screening team of Ravetch and Frank passed away today. (As reported by Bruce Weber)

2010(10th of Tishrei, 5771): Seventy-four year old Chabad Chassid Rabbi Avraham Yitzchak HaKohen Tauber passed away Yom Kippur morning at Sheba Hospital in the Tel HaShomer Medical Center after a long illness.


2010: In Israel 93 people were treated by emergency health workers for falling ill as a result of fasting over the course of the Jewish High Holiday of Yom Kippur .
 
2010: The Twins’ Danny Valencia hit a game winning three run homer.

2011: In New York, The Center for Jewish History the Leo Baeck Institute and the Skirball Department of Hebrew and Judaic Studies at NYU are scheduled to present “A Continuing Conversation: Moses Mendelssohn and the Legacy of the Enlightenment,” day of discussion and debate devoted to exploring the thought and legacy of Moses Mendelssohn, the 18th-century founder of modern Jewish thought.

2011:"While Six Million Lived: America and the Jewish Refugee Crisis, 1933-1939," the ninth national conference of The David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies is scheduled to take place today at the Fordham University School of Law in New York City.

2011: The Concert is scheduled to shown in Davenport, Iowa, as part of the Jewish Federation of the Quad Cities’ Ninth Annual Jewish Film Festival.

2011: The New York Timesfeatured a review of “Wonderstruck,” a children’s book written  and illustrated by Brian Selznick, a cousin of Myron and David O. Selznick.

2011: "Everything on It: Poems and Drawings" by the late Shel Silverstein is one of the books that the Los Angeles Times featured in an article about children’s books that will be published this fall.
 
2011: David L. Ulin, Los Angeles Times Book Critic includes "Quite Enough of Calvin Trillin," in his Fall Book Preview.

2011:The Tel Aviv District Court rejected a petition by social justice protesters today against the municipality, which intends to dismantle tent encampments in several parts of the city.

2011:Norway will recognize a Palestinian state, Foreign Minister Jonas Gahr Store said today as Palestinians prepared to seek statehood recognition from the United Nations.
 
2011: The funeral of Suzy Eban, the widow of the late Abba Eban is scheduled to take place today at the Kfar Shemariyahu cemetery.

2012(2nd of Tishrei, 5773): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

2012:Chief Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat today referred to as "absolutely unacceptable," comments by US Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney that the Palestinians are not seeking peace.

2012(2nd of Tishrei, 5773):Poet, songwriter, filmmaker and playwright Haim Hefer, one of the icons of Israeli culture, died on the second day of Rosh Hashanah at Sourasky Medical Center in Tel Aviv, after a long illness

2013: The Gesher Jewish Day School in Fairfax, VA, is scheduled to a song and story hour in the Sukkah.

2013: In London, The Weiner Library is scheduled to host a screening of “The Children Who Cheated The Nazis” which “tells the story of how 10,000 children escaped the Holocaust.”

2013: “Signs of Life” with music by Joel Derfner, lyrics by Len Schiff, book by Peter Ullian and directed by Lisa Portes “based on the true story of the Czech ghetto, Terezin, is scheduled to open in Chicago.

2013: According to remarks published today  Major-Gernal Yair Golan, the IDF commander on the Syrian border said “Syrian President Bashar Assad could cling to power for years despite having lost overall control of his country.”

2013: US Vice President Joe Biden will address the upcoming J Street annual conference, the organization revealed today

2013(14thof Tishrei, 5774): Erev Sukkoth

2014: The Phasa Morgana Festival is scheduled to open today in Timna Park.

2014: UK Jewish Film is scheduled to host the final screening of “The Congress,” Ari Folman’s “indictment of the film business and Hollywood.”

2014: Friends and family celebrate the natal day of Daniel DeClue, Missouri’s greatest band teacher and a mensch of the first order.

2014: At the Weiner Library for the Study of the Holocaust and Genocide Dr. Alexander Watson is scheduled to speak on “Hell before the Holocaust: Jewish Communities in the Eastern War Zone, 1914-1918.”

2014: Last week before the start of the Sabbatical Year.


 

This Day, September 19, In Jewish History by Mitchell A. Levin

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335: Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his Uncle Constantine I who had turned the Roman Empire into a Christian entity.  Following the death of Constantine, his successor Constantius II reportedly had Dalmatius murdered along with other members of his family whom he considered a threat to his rule.  Constantinus consolidation of power was not a good thing for the Jewish people because he was responsible for a whole series of laws and regulations that were “explicitly anti-Jewish.” 

1187:Saladin breaks Camp at Ascalon, and moves towards his ultimate goal of taking Jerusalem

1356: The English decisively defeated the French, led by King John II at the Battle of Poitiers.  The English captured the French king and held him for ransom.  The Dauphine, the future King Charles V, served as regent during his father’s imprisonment.  He authorized the return of the Jews to France “in order to use the taxes to enable him to pay his father's ransom.”  When he assumed the throne, Charles V would continue to honor the promises he had made to the Jews during his regency. 

1590(20thof Elul):Today three years before he passed away, Moshe Alshich granted smichah to Chaim ben Joseph Vital.  Alshcich was born in Turkey in 1508 but settled in Safed where he was a disciple of Rabbi Joseph Caro.

1635(7thof Tishrei): Gitele Loew the wife of Rabbi Simon Brandeis and the mother of Rabbi Samuel Brandeis passed away today in Prague.

1657: During the Swedish invasion of Poland, a period called the Deluge, the Polish king gives up his claims over Prussia in return for aid in fighting the forces of Charles X, the Swedish monarch. This was a period of great suffering for the Jews of Poland who treated badly by the invading Swedes and treated even worse by the various Polish military forces. 

1659:Tobiah Bacharach and Israel ben Shalom were executed today on an accusation of ritual murder.

1724(2nd of Tishrei, 5485): Gluckel of Hamelin passed away



1759: Birthdate of French banker Olry Hayem Worms, whose first wife was Blumele Levi and whose second wife was Flore Zacharie.

1777: During the American Revolution, the First Battle of Saratoga begins.  The victory at Saratoga was critical because it brought the French into the war on the side of the Americans. Colonel David Salisbury Franks, the highest ranking Jewish officer in the American Revolution distinguished himself during this pivotal battle in American history.

1785(15thof Tishrei, 5546): Sukkoth

1798(9th of Tishrei, 5559): As the naval forces of the Second Coalition assert their control over the Mediterranean in their on-going fight with Napoleon, Jews on both sides hear the chanting of Kol Nidre this evening. 

1807: In Charleston, SC, Isaac Da Costa married Miss Jane Samuel.

1812 (13th of Tishrei, 5573): A.M. Rothschild passed away.

1827: Birthdate of Leo Herzberg-Frankel who worked as the chief clerk of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in his native Brody for 40 years while he pursued his literary career.

1838: Birthdate of General Charles Gones who “when confronted with overwhelming evidence that Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy was guilty of the espionage that Alfred Dreyfus had wrongfully been convicted of, Gonse simply overlooked it and refused to recognize Dreyfus's innocence.”

1841: In Cincinnati, Ohio, German Jewish immigrants organized Congregation B’nai Yeshurun

1842(15thof Tishrei, 5603): Sukkoth

1847(9th of Tishrei, 5608): Jews living in California hear Kol Nidre for the first time this evening as citizens of the United States as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1857(1stof Tishrei, 5618): Rosh Hashanah

1857: The New York Times reports on the dedication of a “House of Israel,” a new synagogue in Baltimore, MD “where the ladies of the congregation established a free school for religious instruction.”

1857:Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt discovered Asteroid 48 Doris.

1857: Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt discovered Asteroid 49 Pales.

1859:George Bush “an American biblical scholar, pastor, abolitionist and Christian Restorationist academic” passed away. Bush, who is reportedly related to the two Americans of that name “published a book entitled ‘The Valley of Vision; or, The Dry Bones of Israel Revived’” in 1844. “In it he denounced “the thralldom and oppression which has so long ground them (the Jews) to the dust,” and called for “elevating” the Jews “to a rank of honorable repute among the nations of the earth” by re-creating the Jewish State in the land of Israel. This, according to Bush, would benefit not only the Jews, but all of mankind, forming a “link of communication” between humanity and God. “It will blaze in notoriety...". “It will flash a splendid demonstration upon all kindreds and tongues of the truth.”

1861(15th of Tishrei, 5622): Sukkoth (I can find no record of a Sukkah being built by either Union or Confederate troops.)

1862:Federal forces under the command of Lt. Colonel Gabriel Netter clashed with a much larger force of Confederates near Owensboro.  Netter refused to surrender and was killed during the ensuring clash. Netter was one of the many Jews who served in the Union Army during the Civil War.

1863:  During the Civil War, Unionand Rebel forces clash at the Battle of Chickamauga. Frederick Kneffler was cited for bravery at the battle of Chickamauga. This Jewish resident of Indianapolis, attained the rank of Major General while commanding the 79th Indiana

1864: A citation awarding the Medal of Honor to Corporal Isaac Gause, was issued today for his valor on the battlefield on September 13. The citation was issued to the Jewish trooper serving with Company, 2nd Ohio Cavalry “Capture of the colors of the 8th South Carolina Infantry while engaged in a reconnaissance along the Berryville and Winchester Pike.”  This would have meant that Gause was serving in the Army of the Shenandoah under the command of General Philip Sheridan.  The campaign successfully drove the Rebels from the Shenandoah Valley which was a key source of supply for the Confederate Army.  Capturing another unit’s colors was the epitome of success and called for unusual bravery because in those days military units fought ferociously to avoid having their flags captured.

1866(10thof Tishrei, 5626): Yom Kippur

1866: “Yom Kippur” published today states thatYesterday at sunset began the most important of all Jewish” festivals “that of the ‘Yom Kippur,' or Day of Atonement--a feast which is more generally observed by the Hebrew race throughout the world than any other of their numerous festivals.”

1868: When the Battle of Beecher Island came to an end Sigmund Shlesinger a native of Hungary serving with Forsyth’s Company of Scouts was among the survivors.

1870: The Italian Army laid siege to Rome, the capital of the Papal States.  The one day siege would prove successful.  Rome would become the capital of a newly unified Italian nation.  And Italy would go from one of the worst places in Europe for Jews to live to one of the best.

1875: “Whitewashing Shylock” published today provides a refreshingly different view of the famed character from the “Merchant of Venice.”  The real villains are Antonio, the Merchant of Venice who was “humbug and a tuft-hunter” who falsely portrayed himself as a man of wealth and Bassanio.  They sought to cheat Shylock and use the fact that he was a Jewish moneylender to their advantage. The only weapon left to Shylock was cunning which “he sharpened up for this occasion.

1876(1st of Tishrei, 5637): As the United States celebrates its centennial, Jews observe Rosh Hashanah

1879(2nd of Tishrei, 5640): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1881: It was reported today a committee of Jews representing communities all over Russia has arrived in St. Petersburg with the hopes of meeting with the Minister of Interior. They plan to present him with a petition asking for “an official public declaration of liberty for all creeds and suspension…of the laws sanctioning the expulsion of Jews from certain localities.

1881: President James Garfield dies from an assassin’s bullet. Garfield was shot by a disgruntled office seeker named Charles Guiteau.  This brought the long simmering battle over political patronage jobs in the federal government to a boil.  Garfield’s death provided the impetus for the passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act.  The Pendleton Act created a system of federal service positions that were filled based on merit not political patronage.  This civil service system based on ability would provide career opportunities to future generation of Jewish professionals.

1881: In Schenectady, NY “Isaac Levy, wholesale liquor dealer, and Lewis Behr, tailor, draped their shops in black for the fallen president”  James Garfield.  Jews had already expressed their sorrow by holding special prayer services at Gates of Heaven when the President had been shot. (As reported by the Schenectady County Historical Society)

1884(29thof Elul, 5644): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1884(29thof Elul, 5644): In Leadville, CO, Rabbi Sachs, a recent graduate of Hebrew Union College led the services dedicating the new building that would house Temple Israel.

1884: One of the major wholesale houses in the clothing trade – Rindskopf Brothers & Co – failed today.  Simon Rindskopf, Morris Rindskopf, Raphael Buchman and Jacob Rosenthal, the company’s partner “filed an assignment in the County Clerk’s office for the benefit of their creditors.”

1885(10th of Tishrei, 5646): Yom Kippur

1885: Rabbi Gottheil will deliver the Yom Kippur sermon at Temple Emanu-El

1885: Rabbi H. P. Mendes will deliver the Yom Kippur sermon at the 19thStreet Synagoue.

1885: Rabbi De Sola Mendes will deliver the Yom Kippur sermon at Shaary Tefila

1885: Rabbi Kohut will deliver the Yom Kippur sermon at Ahavas Chesed

1885: Rabbi Henry S. Jacob will deliver the Yom Kippur sermon at the Madison Avenue Synagogue.

1885: Rabbi I.C. Noot will deliver the Yom Kippur sermon at B’nai Israel on east 4th Street in New York City.

1886: Three hundred Romanian Jews arrived in New York aboard the SS Egypt.

1887(1stof Tishrei, 5648): Rosh Hashanah

1887: Rabbi Gottheil is scheduled deliver the Rosh Hashanah sermon at Temple Emanu-El

1887: Rabbi H. P. Mendes is scheduled to deliver the Rosh Hashanah sermon at the 19thStreet Synagogue

1887: Rabbi De Sola Mendes is scheduled to deliver the Rosh Hashanah sermon at the 44thStreet Synagogue

1887: Rabbi Henry S. Jacobs is scheduled to deliver the Rosh Hashanah sermon at the Madison Avenue Synagogue. The sermon will be based on the text “Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy name give glory, for Thy mercy, and for thy truth’s sake.”

1887: Rabbi Kohut scheduled to deliver the Rosh Hashanah sermon at Ahavas Chesed.

1889: “A Library’s Record” published today provides a description of the success enjoyed by the Maimonides Library which was established by B’nai B’rith in New York.  In the past year, the library has acquired 2,781 volumes bringing its total collection to 32,326 books.  The percentage of books in circulation has increased from 32 per cent to 37 per cent.

1890: Benston Fuerstenbaum, who had spent the last three months in jail on charges of breach of contract reluctantly, married Goldie Fromner in City Court which had been decked out with a Chupah under which a rabbi performed the ceremony.

1890: In Brooklyn Police Commissioner Hayden promised a group of “prominent” Jews that he would “have a force of police on hand to keep anarchist Johann Most within bounds” during the protest he is planning on holding on Yom Kippur.

1891: Aaron Jatkowski is being held on charges of having assaulted Charles Lieberman when the latter sought to stop a drunken party at the synagogue in Newark, NJ

1891: Several Jewish families moved away from Milville, NJ, today as the strike called because Flint and Green Glass Works had hired 14 Jews worsened.

1892: Alexander Berkman who was being tried for having attempted to assassinate Henry Clay Frick and who was serving as his own lawyer was brought to the courtroom where he discovered that the jury had already been empaneled thus depriving of him a chance to question those who would sit in judgment on him.

1892:”The Leonard Wing” of the Republican party in New Orleans nominated attorney Morris Marks who has been head of the Hebrew Widows and Orphan’s Home to run againstCaptain Burr Wood, the handpicked candidate of former Governor Warmoth.

1893(9th of Tishrei, 5654): Kol Nidre

1893: “Rabbi Louis Lustig and a score of laymen” escaped to safety when a fire broke out on the second floor of a frame building at 180 Rivington Street where they had been conducting Yom Kippur services.

1893: A group of Jewish anarchists calling themselves the “Gruppe Proletariat” began a 24 hour vigil at the Clarendon Ballroom where they spent much of their time giving speeches denouncing “religion in general and” Judaism in particular. 

1894: Birthdate of Dov Hoz, the native of Orsha who made Aliyah in 1906 and who a leading labor Zionist, founder of the Haganah and the founder and CEO of "Aviron," a pioneer of aviation in Israel that trained pilot and established flight lines in Israel and outside.

1895: According to a list published today, the following charities each received a bequest of 100 dollars from the late Mrs. Rebecca Kastor: Mount Sinai Hospital, Hebrew Benevolent and Orphan Asylum, Home for Aged and Infirm Hebrews, Hebrew Free School Association, the Ladies Bekuscholm Society and the the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society.

1895(1stof Tishrei, 5656) Rosh Hashanah

1895: Approximately 200 Russian Jews arrived in Norwich, CT having traveled there from Liverpool via Quebec.

1898: “Anti-Semitic Movement Threatening In Algeria” published today described the attempts undermine the well-being of the Jewish community there including the rising influence of Édouard Adolphe Drumont, the founder of the Anti­-Semitic League of France and the plans of the new Governor  “to suppress the Jewish Consistories in Algeria.”

1899: L'Osservatore Romano, the Vatican's official newspaper, runs a story about a Christian boy found dead in Hungary, his blood drained out by Jews who wanted it for their ghastly, superstitious rituals

1899(15thof Tishrei, 5660): Sukkoth

1899: Sixty-six year old Auguste Scheurer-Kestner, the French Protestant political leader who became a staunch defender of Dreyfus passed away today.

1899: Following a passionate campaign by his supporters, including leading artists and intellectuals like Émile Zola, Dreyfus was pardoned by President Émile Loubet and released from prison

1899: “The mass meeting that is being organized by Maurice Blumenthal…’to protest against the action of the Dreyfus court-martial and to have the wrong right’” which will include speeches by Jews and non-Jews is scheduled to be held this evening at Cooper Union.

1899: Eighty-two year old Charles Patrick Daly, author of The settlement of Jews in North America, passed away today.


1901:  Birthdate of Hungarian born, American movie producer Joseph Pasternak. His more than ninety movies include Anchors Away and Date With Judy.

1904(10th of Tishrei, 5665): Yom Kippur

1904: Birthdate of Avot Yeshurun, a Ukrainian born “Israeli poet who wove Arabic and Yiddish idiom into a unique and influential form of Hebrew verse.”

1905: In Zurich communist writer Erich Vallentin and his wife gave birth to Judith Vallentin who as Judith Auer would become a fighter against the Nazis – a stance for which she would be hung in 1944.

1909: Birthdate of Richard Edward “Dick” Fishel, the star University of Syracuse football player who went to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers, a team in the NFL.

1910: In New York City, Bessie Ida Ginsberg and movie producer Jesse Lasky, Sr. gave birth to author Jesse L. Lasky, Jr.

1908: Birthdate of Victor Frederick Weisskopf an Austrian-born Jewish American theoretical physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project and then later worked to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons.

1911: An agreement was reached that ended the strike of garment makers guaranteeing that high fashioned clothing will be available for the fall and winter seasons.  The employers were represented by Julius Henry Cohen and the workers were represented by Meyer London.  Men of the quality of Louis Brandeis and Louis Marshall will serve on the Board of Arbitration established by the settlement.

1911: In London, England the Behtnal Green Board of Guardians reverses its previous decision to reject the bid of Jewish contractors, but the Jews decided not to accept the contract.

1917(3rd of Tishrei, 5678): Tzom Gedaliah

1917: Anti-Jewish riots in Tunis cause five Jews to be injured, and their shops pillaged and vandalized.

1917: Furloughs granted to U.S. soldiers and sailors so that they could observe the Jewish New Year came to an end.

1918: The British under General Allenby began the last major offensive against the Turks in that part of the Ottoman Empire that would later include the state of Israel.  The Jewish Brigade would play an active role in this campaign, which would include the conquest of the land east of the Jordanand all the way to Damascus.

1918: Once again, another Battle of Megiddo begins – this time it is the Ottomans versus the British Imperial forces fighting on the biblical battlefield.

1925(1stof Tishrei, 6586): Rosh Hashanah

1929: New York attorney Jonah Goldstein and his wife arrived in Palestine aboard the SS Bremen.  Goldstein had been sent by Jewish organizations in the United States to assess the philanthropic needs of the community in Eretz Israel and to report on the real facts behind the Arab violence including the behavior of the British mandatory government.

1929: According to the Jerusalem correspondent of the London Financial News, the total amount of damages from the recent Arab inspired violence in Palestine will exceed five million dollars.  Damages in Hebron are reported to be in excess of three quarters of a million dollars. 

1929: In an article telegraphed tonight, “the Jerusalem correspondent of The Daily Mail reports that continuance of peace ‘hangs by a slender thread.’”  Furthermore the situation is so tense, that the only guarantee of security lies with the presence of a British military presence.

1934(10thof Tishrei, 5695): Yom Kippur

1934: Detroitoutfielder and slugger Hank Greenberg refuses to play on Yom Kippur.

1934: Birthdate of Brian Epstein, manager of the Beatles.

1936: Birthdate of Cyril Kitchener Harris, the Glasgow, Scotland native who served as Chief Rabbi of South Africa from 1987 to 2004.

1936: Seventy-five year old Meier Dizengoff, the Mayor of Tel Aviv, is stricken with pneumonia. The illness will prove fatal.

1937: The Palestine Post reported that Palestine Arabs welcomed the statement made by Egyptian Foreign Minister Butrus Ghali Pasha, expressing firm opposition to the country's partition. The Arabs declared that they might boycott the new League of Nations Commission which was expected to come to Palestinefor an ad-hoc inquiry on how to effect and determine details of such partition.

1939: German forces occupied the Polish city of Lukowand began killing the local Jews.

1940: Nazi decree forbidding non-Jews to work for Jews in their homes or businesses was promulgated.  This ban included forbidding gentile women from working in Jewish homes, which seems a little odd given the conditions under which the Jews were living by 1940.

1941: Birthdate of Cass Elliot.  Born Ellen Naomi Cohen in Baltimore, Maryland, she changed her name to Cass Elliot and moved to New Yorkto seek fame and fortune on Broadway.  She would later gain fame as Mama Cass singing with the Mamas and the Pappas.

1941: Germanycaptured Kiev. This military victory opened one of the darkest chapters of the Holocaust.

1941(27th of Elul, 5701): Thousands of Jews are murdered at Zhitomir, Ukraine

1941: As per the Nazi decree of September 1, 1941, the Jews of Slovakia, Bohemia, and Moraviaare required to wear identifying Yellow Stars.

1942: Three thousand Jews of Tuczyn were ordered into a ghetto. Five days later Germans and Ukrainians raided the ghetto. As resistance is put up by a small band of Jews armed with axes and petrol resisted the attack. Two thousand Jews made their escape to the forests. One thousand of them were found and shot. Three hundred starving women and children came back to the ghetto. In all, only 15 would survive the war.

1942: Today, as captured on film, the local police deported the Jews from Hollerich, Luxemburg.

1944(2nd of Tishrei, 5705): Rosh Hashanah II

1944(2nd of Tishrei, 5705): Almost the entire population of the Klooga Camp was killed in the German attempt to silence the witnesses. The number included 1,500 Jews and 800 Russian prisoners-of-war.

1944(2ndof Tishrei, 5705): “A few days before the Soviet army liberated the Klooga slave labor camp in Estonia, the Germans and their Estonian collaborators murdered more than 2,000 Jews”

1944: In Tel Aviv, Moshe Sneh, one of the leaders of the Haganah and his wife gave birth to Efriam Sneh who would have made any Jewish mother proud since he was both a doctor and a general in the IDF.

1945: Birthdate of musician David Bromberg.Bromberg grew up in Tarrytown, New York. Inspired by the music of Pete Seeger and the Weavers, among others, he began studying the guitar at age 13. After graduating from TarrytownHigh School, he enrolled at ColumbiaUniversity intent on a career as a musicologist. According to one critic, the man who backed up Bob Dylan “fits no pigeonholes. He is part of everything contemporarily musical. He is a product of blues, country, jazz, folk, and classical music. From his early success as a guitar virtuoso, Mr. Bromberg has developed into a brilliant entertainer.”

1948: Laurence Steinhardt completed his service as U.S. ambassador to Czechoslovakia.

1950: CBS broadcast the first episode of “Danger” a drama anthology series  for which Sidney Lumet directed “hundreds of episodes.”

1951: The Israeli Cabinet approved an submitting an offer to sign non-aggression pacts with her four Arab neighbors to the United Nations Palestine Conciliation Commission meeting in Paris.

1951: The 37th annual convention of Hadassah comes to a close in Atlantic City, NJ.  During the convention, Mrs. Samuel W. Halprin, national president of Hadassah, presented “an analysis of the future role of the Zionist movement and the stand taken on various controversial issues that were discussed at the World Zionist Congress.”  Mrs. Halprin had led the 32 member Hadassah delegation to that recently held meeting.

1951: According to a survey conducted by the government of Israel that was released today, ‘rationed and other available supplies constituting Israel’s austerity food basket in 1950 provided adequate nourishment…However, part of the public faced malnutrition because it could not afford buy all the supplies to which it is entitled or because it rejected part of the austerity diet because of food habits.”  The team used the consumption of 2,400 calories as the baseline and a quarter of those interviewed in the sample consumed 2,400 or fewer calories per day.  [Ed. Note: For those who have only known Israel as prosperous nation with a reasonably high standard of living, it may come as a shock that economic privation was the order of the day during much of state’s early years of existence.]

1952: The Jerusalem Post announced that Dr. E.F. Shinnar, who led the Israeli delegation to the reparation talks at The Hague, was expected to accept the post of the head of the Israeli Reparations Purchasing Mission in Germany. He had just completed successful negotiations with British oil companies concerning regular oil deliveries to Israel from German sterling credits placed at Israel's disposal for the next two years.

1952: The US bars Charlie Chaplin from reentering the country after a trip to England

1952: Television debut of “The Adventures of Superman” – the small screen version of the legendary hero created by two Jewish boys, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster in 1938.

1954: “The seventh season of Philco Television Playhouse began” tonight with a performance of Paddy Chafefsky’s “Middle of the Night” which would open on Broadway in 1956 with Edward G. Robinson (born Emanuel Goldenberg) in the leading male role.

1960(27thof Elul, 5720): Seventy-year old Gerald Rufus Isaacs, 2nd Marquess of Reading the British barrister who held several positions under Prime Ministers Churchill and Eden including Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and was the husband of Eva Violet Mond, the daughter of the 1st Baron Melchett passed away today leaving the way open for his son Michael to assume his titles.

1963: The Dodgers' regular rotation called for Sandy Koufaxto work the last game. But Koufax refused because he does not pitch on the Jewish holidays.  

1964: U.S. premiere of Michael Roemer’s “Nothing But a Man” co-starring Yaphet Kotto.+

1968: U.S. Premiere of William Wyler’s “Funny Girl” a musical based on the life of Fanny Brice starring Barbra Streisand.

1969: Time publishes “The War and the Woman”


1971: William F. Albright passes away at the age of 80. This American Methodist archaeologist was Professor of Semitic languages at Johns Hopkins for nearly 30 years, he penned over 1,000 articles and books, and led several Near Eastern expeditions which excavated the biblical sites of Gibeah, Bethel and Petra. Albright was not Jewish, but his work has certainly had its impact on our understanding of how the ancient Israelites might have lived.

1972(11th of Tishrei, 5733): A parcel bomb sent to Israeli Embassy in London kills one diplomat.

1976(24th of Elul, 5736):Proving that some people never really retire, Rabbi Moses J. Shragowitz of Congregation Knesset Tifereth Israel in Port Chester, N.Y., passed away today in Glenville, Conn., while conducting a memorial service. He was 81 years old and had served the Port Chestercongregation since 1937.

1977: The Jerusalem Post reported that fund-raisers abroad agreed to help Prime Minister Menachem Begin to finance housing for 45,000 Israeli families living in sub-standard flats. Begin asked the UJA contributors to double their efforts in honor of the state's 30th anniversary.

1977: At a meeting between President Carter and Foreign Minister Dayan in Washington, Carter renewed his opposition to any more settlements on the West Bank.

1981: Simon and Garfunkel reunited for a concert in New York City's Central Park.

1982(2nd of Tishrei, 5743): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1988: Israellaunched its first satellite for secret military reconnaissance.

1993(4th of Tishrei, 5754): Since the 3rd of Tishrei fell on Shabbat Tzom Gedaliah is observed today.

1999: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including Waging Peace: Israel and the Arabs at the End of the Centuryby Itamar Rabinovich, The Schools Our Children Deserve: Moving Beyond Traditional Classrooms and Tougher Standards by Alfie Kohn and A Joyful Noise: Claiming the Songs of My Fathersby Deborah Weisgall. In this case the father was “her father, the modernist opera composer Hugo Weisgall, who was born in Bohemia but grew up largely in America; like so many European Jews, he lost family during World War II, but he also served as an American G.I. and bore specific scars from helping to liberate Terezin.”

2002(12thof Tishrei, 5763):Shoshana (Rosanna) Siso, 63, of Gan Yavneh; Ofer Zinger, 29, of Moshav Petza'el; Solomon Hoenig, 79, of Tel Aviv; Yossi Mamistavlov, 39 of Or Yehuda; Yaffa Shemtov, 49, of Tel Aviv and Jonathan (Yoni) Jesner, 19, of Glasgow, Scotland were murdered and 70 more people were injured when a Palestinian terrorists set off a bomb aboard a bus on Allenby Street as passed in front of the Great Synagogue in Tel Aviv.

2003: In a letter of this date, Kenneth Jacobson, Associate National Director Anti-Defamation League reported the acceptance of Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi’s apology for his comment that Benito Mussolini was a benign dictator and expressed regret for the pain it caused the Jewish community. 

2004: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including The Fallsby Joyce Carol Oates, My Old Manby Amy Sohn and an essay by Philip Roth entitled “The Story behind the Plot against America.”

2005: Sixty years after the end of World War II, German elections took a strange twist.  In reporting on the elections held over the weekend, Haaretz quoted assurances by both of the major candidates that they would maintain positive relations with Israeland work to fight any outbreak of anti-Semitism in Europe. 

2005:President Moshe Katsav laid the foundation stone for Estonia's first synagogue since the Holocaust when the Nazis boasted there was not a single Jew left in the Baltic nation.Katsav also laid a wreath at the site of the Klooga concentration camp deep in the Estonian forest. Klooga was closed in 1944 after the SS shot the last of its prisoners, who included Jews from Estonia and elsewhere in Europe. .

2006: At a noon an official ceremony took place in Bordeaux’s Jewish cemetery, attended by senior dignitaries from the local Jewish community as well as Israeli representatives during which the bodies of Herzl’s children Hans and Pauline Herzl were removed from the cemetery and taken to Israel for reburial.
 
2006: In a sad commentary on the 21st century, Yale University announced the creation of the first university based center in North America dedicated to the study of anti-Semitism.  Yale cited a growing number of anti-Semitic episodes around the world as the driving force behind this.  In the announcement Yale officials did not say whether they considered the admission of an official of the Talbian as a student at Yale one of these harbingers of a growth in anti-Semitism.

2007: The Tenth Annual Israeli Music Celebration ends with a piano concerto by Paul Ben Haim, performed by Gila Goldstein and the Jerusalem Symphony at the Jerusalem Theater's Henry Crown Hall. ."

2007: In New Yorkas part of the Jews & Justice Program, The Center for Jewish History & American and the Jewish Historical Society present“Jewish Lawyers in the Civil Rights Movement” which features a prestigious panel that explores the Jewish community's involvement in this important historical movement in the United States.

2007: A bill protecting travelers from denial of life insurance simply because they travel to Israelcleared the U.S. House of Representatives in a 312-110 vote. The measure now needs to be approved by the Senate and signed by the president.

2007:The secretary of the ministerial committee wrote to the lawyer representing Neta Shoshani, informing him that 10 days earlier the committee had extended the ban on publication of some of the documents and photos pertaining to Deir Yassin for five more years, until 2012.

2007: After serving as acting chancellor for 14 months, George R. Blumenthal was named the 10th Chancellor of UC Santa Cruz.

2008: At the Hyman S. & Freda Bernstein Jewish Literary Festival Georgetown University  Professor Jacques Berlinerblau discussesThumpin' It: The Use and Abuse of the Bible in
Today's Presidential Politics

2008: Today in a “radio interview with Aimee Allison and Philip Maldari on Pacifica Radio's KPFA 94.1 FM in Berkeley, California, Joseph Stiglitz implied that President Clinton and his economic advisors would not have backed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) had they been aware of stealth provisions, inserted by lobbyists, that they overlooked.”

2008:“After having performed at a college event with frequent collaborator Travis Barker, Adam Michael Goldstein was seriously injured when a Learjet in which he was traveling crashed on takeoff in Columbia, South Carolina. The crash killed both crew members and two other passengers, and critically injured Goldstein and Barker

2009 (1 Tishrei, 5770): Rosh Hashanah – 5770 טובהלשׁנה

2009 (1 Tishrei, 5770): Ninety four year old Milton Meltzer, noted historian and author, passed away today. (As reported by Dennis Hevesi)

2009 (1 Tishrei, 5770):Eighty-four year old Stuart Hample, who brought laughter to people of all ages, passed away today. (As reported by Bruce Weber)

2010: A screening of “Jaffa” is scheduled to take place at 14th Annual Jewish Film Festival of Dallas (TX).

2010:Israel is ready to enter peace negotiations with Syria "right away," Shimon Peres told the United Nations General Assembly. In his address today in New York to the international body's annual meeting -- the Nation's Millennium Development Goals summit -- Peres also said he believed that a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is the only "peaceful alternative," adding, "and I believe that we shall succeed."

2010: The Washington Post featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including “The Balfour Declaration: The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Conflict” by Jonathan Schneer

2010: On the day after Yom Kippur, Ryan Braun of the Milwaukee Brewers “hit a two-run homer, accounting for all of Milwaukee’s runs in a 9-2 loss. Braun had played on Yom Kippur when he went 3 for five to help his team defeat the San Francisco Giants. (As reported by Ron Kaplan)

2010: In a surprising turn of event, Prime Minister Netanyahu will fly to Washington, DC today.  The visit follows a meeting held at Sharm el-Sheikh with Palestinian Authority chairman Mahmoud Abbas where discussions were held concerning “core issues” a term that “refers to Israeli concessions, including the status of Jerusalem and the holy sites within it, as well as final borders and the Arab demand that descendants of Arab residents who fled decades ago be allowed into Israel.”

2011(20thof Elul): Yahrzeit of Dr. Jacob  Levin, of blessed memory, beloved husband of Betty, loving father of Michael (Gigi Cohen) Levin, Stephen (Dian Garton) Levin, Sharon (Philip) Wein and Lawrence (Sandra Morrison) Levin and proud Zaide to a whole tribe of grandchildren.   To his brother Joe, he was the incomparable “Yaenkel” and to me his was my wonderful Uncle Jack – living proof that good guys finish first.

2011: A Middle East Forum sponsored by The Jewish Community Relations Council of Greater Washington featuring Elliot Abrams, David Makovsky and Amos Yadlin is scheduled to take place tonight at the JCC of Northern Virginia.

2011: The Amerigo Trio – Inbal Segev, cellist; Glen Dicterow, violinist; Karen Dreyfus, violist – is scheduled to perform at the 2011 New York Chamber Music Festival

2011:Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu - who is scheduled to fly to the US tomorrow evening – said tonight that he would like to meet with Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas in New York. "I call on the PA chair to open direct negotiations in New York, that will continue in Jerusalem and Ramallah," Netanyahu said.

2011:A 26-year-old man from the West Bank settlement of Eli was arrested on today on suspicion of being involved in a vandalism and sabotage attack on an IDF base earlier this month.
 
2012(3rd of Tishrei, 5773): Fast of Gedaliah

2012(3rdof Tishrei, 5773): Eighty-nine year old attorney and negotiations expert Gerard I. Nierenberg passed away. (As reported by William Yardley)
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/25/business/gerard-i-nierenberg-negotiation-expert-dies-at-89.html?hpw&_r=0

2012: “In the Shadow of Memory: Legacies of Lidice” is scheduled to be shown in Washington, DC, as part of the film series “Docs in Salute” which focuses “on interesting personalities who have been touched by Jewish themes.

2012:Team Israel is scheduled to play South Africa in the opening round of the World Baseball Classic (WBC)

2012: The funeral of Haim Hefer who passed away yesterday is scheduled to take place today.

2012: The IDF held a surprise large-scale drill on the Golan Heights today, as turmoil continued to rock Syria across the northern border


2013: The Alexandria Kleztet is scheduled to perform in Towson, MD

2013(15th of Tishrei, 5774): Sukkoth

2013: “Palestinians in the Gaza Strip fired a rocket at southern Israel this morning. The projectile triggered an air raid siren in the Hof Ashkelon Regional Council area and landed in an open area near the security fence bordering Gaza.” (As reported by Yaakov Lappin)

2014: “The results of a competition for a memorial” for the victims of the attack on the Israeli team at the 1972 Munich Games are scheduled to be announced today.(As reported by Times of Israel)

2014: The Coe College Music is scheduled to host the Homecoming Showcase Concert under the direction of Musical Maven William S. Carson

2014: The Israel Ballet is scheduled to perform at the Phasa Morgana Festival.

2014: The Vengerov Festival, featuring violinist Maxim Vengerov is scheduled to open at the Charles Bronfman Auditorium.

2014: Comedian and social commentator Lewis Black is scheduled to appear in Albuquerque, NM.

 

 

 

This Day, September 20, In Jewish History by Mitchell A. Levin

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357 B.C.E.: Birthdate of Alexander the Great.  Alexander's eastern conquests would bring the Jews in contact with Greek Culture.  The conflict between Greek and Jewish values would become a dominant motif in Jewish history over the next several centuries.  The Jewish view of Alexander was positive, if somewhat idealized.

1187: Saladin begins the Siege of Jerusalem.  When the siege ended in October, the Moslems recaptured the city leading to the near collapse of Christian control in the Holy Land. Saladin allowed the Jews to return to the City of David from which they had been banned by the Christian Crusaders. (Did they realize that this meant Jesus would not have been able to live in Jerusalem?)  Saladin’s victory would lead to the Third Crusade.

1540: The first auto da fe in Lisbonof those forcibly converted to Christianity (conversos) is held. The term auto da fe literally means act of faith.  In point of fact it was a public execution in the form of a burning at the stake.

1590: French playwright and poet Robert Garnier, the author of Les Juives, passed away. “Les Juives is the moving story of the barbarous vengeance of Nebuchadnezzar on the Jewish king Zedekiah and his children. The Jewish women lamenting the fate of their children take a principal part in this tragedy, which, although almost entirely elegiac in conception, is singularly well designed, and gains unity by the personality of the prophet.”

1701: In Great Britain, Bevis Marks Synagogue inaugurated.

“Situated in the City of London, just off the ancient thoroughfare of Bevis Marks, the Synagogue is the oldest one still in use in Britain. The Bevis Marks Synagogue appears much as it did on its opening day in 1701.”

1721: Thomas Dogget, the Anglo-Irish actor who played “the role” of Shylock “comically, even farcically” passed away today.  (Dogget was one of a whole host of actors who played the role of the Jew without ever knowing any of them)

1725: In Moravia, a fine of 1,000 ducats “was imposed on anyone who allowed Jews to come into possession of real estate, particularly customhouses, mills, wool-shearing sheds, and breweries.” (As reported by Jewish Virtual Library)

1741: Handel completed the first act of “Samson,” a work based on the Biblical figure described in the Book of Judges.

1761: On the exact anniversary of the first auto-de-fe in Portugal, Gabriel Malagrida was burned alive on the Terreiro do Paço at Lisbon. He was to be the last victim burned in Portugalat any auto-de-fe.

1779(10thof Tishrei, 5540): Yom Kippur

1779: Birthdate of Karl Streckfuss, the Prussian privy council who in 1833 wrote a treatise, “On the Relation of the Jews to the Christian States” in which he expressed reluctance “to recommend a universal emancipation because of the alleged moral and deficiencies of the common type of Jew. (As reported by Jacob Katz)

1789(29th of Elul, 5549): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1798(10thof Tishrei, 5559): Yom Kippur

1798: Birthdate of Philipp Freiherr von Schey Koromla, the native of Guns who became a successful businessman and was the first Hungarian born Jew to become a member of the Austrian nobility.

1800(1stof Tishrei, 5561): Jews observed Rosh Hashanah for the last time with a member of the Federalist Party serving as President of the United States.

1812: A.M. Rothschild is buried next to ancestor Iassk Elchanan who died in 1585.  Elchanan was the first one whose tombstone was marked with the emblem of a shield which gave rise to the Red Shield.

1817(10thof Tishrei, 5578): Yom Kippur

1819(1stof Tishrei, 5580): Rosh Hashanah

1838(1stof Tishrei, 5599): Rosh Hashanah

1838: Birthdate of Nathan Barnet, the native of Pozan who became mayor of Patterson, NJ and was a founder of the Miriam Barnet Hebrew Free School.

1847(10th of Tishrei, 5608): Yom Kippur

1848: Creation of The American Association for the Advancement of Science whose Jewish members have included Stephen Jay Gould, American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist and historian of science who served as the organizations president in 2000.

1850:Emperor Franz Joseph the all of the Jews of Hungary should contribute toward a Jewish school-fund of 1,000,000 gulden; and this sum was raised by them within a few years.

1851: Birthdate of British playwright, Henry Arthur Jones author of “Judah” in 1890 and “The Triumph of the Philistines” in 1895.

1856:During the week ending today, of the 461 people who died in New York, only one of them died at The Jew's Hospital.

1863: During the American Civil War, the 15th Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry, a Union unit that had been formed under the command of Lt. Col. Gabriel Netter left Paducah, Kentucky, and headed for McLemoresville, Tennessee. (Netter was one of several Jews to serve as ranking officer in the U.S. Army)

1865(29th of Elul, 5625): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1865: Today's “City News” column reported that “This evening the series of annual Jewish holidays commences. The first of these is known as Rosh Hashanah, (the New-Year.) It begins this evening and terminates on Friday night. The origin of the festival is given in Leviticus xxiii., 23, 24, 25. Though not one of the three great festivals on which the male population of Israel was to appear before the Lord, it is nevertheless considered as one of the first among the principal holidays, and as such has ever been celebrated by the Sons of Jacob. A peculiar rite of this festival is the blowing of trumpets, and this is not only observed, but the hearing of the same is obligatory on all Jews. With this festival begins an era called the ten days of repentance, which is terminated by the Yom Kippur, (Day of Atonement.) This festival of New-Year is observed very strictly by the Israelites of this city, no business being transacted, and the synagogues being thronged by hundreds of devout worshipers.”

1869(15thof Tishrei, 5630): Sukkoth is observed for the first time during the Presidency of U.S. Grant.

1870: During the fight for the unification of Italy, Victor Emanuel seized the Capitol city of Rome. This victory would lead to the end of Rome’s Ghetto which had stood for three centuries.

1874: Vice President Jesse Seligman chaired today’s regular meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Hebrew Benevolent and Orphan Asylum Society of New York.  The trustees unanimously adopted a motion challenging the veracity of charges of mismanagement which had first appeared in the Era magazine and then were reprinted in the New York Times.  The motion referred to the charges as “false and malicious” stating that they were made out of “animosity and malice” aimed at the chief officer of the society.  The motion called for the establishment of an independent committee to investigate the charges and report on their “truth or falsity.”

1874(9th of Tishrei, 5635): Erev of Yom Kippur

1874: Dr. Solomon Adler, the senior rabbi and Dr. Gustav Gottheil, his assistant, will deliver sermons in German and English during the Kol Nidre Serve at Temple Emanu-el, the major Reform congregation in New York City.

1876(2ndof Tishrei, 5636): As Hayes and Tilden square off in what will be one of the closest election in American history, Jews observe the second day of Rosh Hashanah

1880(15thof Tishrei, 5649): Sukkoth

1881: It was reported today that 116 Russian Jews have left Antwerp bound for New York.

1881: Vice President Chester A. Arthur was sworn in as President following the death of President Garfield. In 1882, during Arthur’s single term as President, the United States finally ratified the Red Cross Treaty enabling the American Red Cross to join the international body.  President Arthur appointed Adolphus Simeon Solomons as one of three delegates to represent the country at the Geneva Congress, where he was elected vice-president. This was one of the earliest moves to give an American Jew a prominent position in public affairs. Solomons had been a driving force behind the creation of the American Red Cross.  It was at his home that a proposal was approved to form the Association of the American Red Cross and incorporate it in Washington, D.C.Solomons was born in New York where he began a printing business which he would later move to Washington, D.C. and expand into a full-scale publishing house. A Civil War veteran, Solomons worked to establish numerous institutions that would aide both the general population and the Jewish community.  He helped establish the first school for nurses in Washington and one of the first shelters for homeless men.  He helped to establish Mt.SinaiHospitaland the Russian Jews Immigrant Aid Society.

1883: Birthdate of Albrecht Alt, the German theologian who wrote “Israel and Egypt” as part of his doctoral and who served as the Provost at the Evangelical Redeemer Church in Jerusalem.

1884(1st of Tishrei, 5645): Rosh Hashanah

1884: In Leadville, CO, Temple Israel celebrated the Jewish New Year for the first time in its brand new building.

1884: “Forced Out Of Business” published today, described the demise of Rindskopf Brothers & Co.  The company, which began operating in Cincinnati in 1854 before moving to New York in1866 was forced into bankruptcy by its inability to obtain financing during the economic downturn as well as its failure to change its business practices. Morris Rindskopf, one of the principles of the company, is a well-known philanthropist  who is the treasurer of the Hebrew Orphan Asylum and the United Hebrew Charities neither of which are involved in or threatened by the bankruptcy.

1885: “Dr. Pusey’s Daniel” published today provides a detailed review of Daniel the Prophet, a compilation of nine lectures delivered at Oxford by E. B. Pusey.

1888(15th of Tishrei, 5649): Sukkoth

1890: Birthdate of poet RachelBluwstein Sela, Zionist lyric poet known as “Rachel the Poet.” She died at the age of 41. Flowers of Perhaps: Selected Poems of Rachel is an English translation of some of her works.

1890: In Vienna, a sub-Lieutenant started beating an old Jew before he was stopped by a Prussian officer who turned him over to a police officer.

1890: Misses Ella and J.M. Drefyus were among the passengers who arrived in New York aboard the SS La Champagne.

1890: “City and Suburban News” published today described plans that Anarchist Johann Most has announced for a mass meeting at the Labor Lyceum to be held on Yom Kippur designed to mock the Day of Atonement.

1891: Rabbi H. P. Mendes delivered the sermon at the dedicatory services for the new synagogue on Staten Island in Richmond Turnpike, Tompkinsville which were attended by approximately 350 people.

1891: In New York, the Addison Literary Society hosted a debatestyled “Resolved that the civilized nations of the world should enter a protest against Russia’s barbarous treatment of her Jewish subjects.”

1891: In Milville, NJ, the lockout at the Flint and Green Glass Works of Whitall, Tatum & Co which came in response to a strike sparked by the employment 14 Jews entered its second day.

1892: In Fort Worth, TX an unidentified Jewish merchant was accidently shot in the leg by Ollie Bowles who was trying to shoot the man who had just been acquitted of trying to murder him.

1892: A unnamed Jewish resident of Chicago wrote a letter to former President Grover Cleveland who was running for President expressing his gratitude for the statements of support for the Jews of Russia  in the platform of the Democratic Party.

1893(10th of Tishrei, 5654): Yom Kippur

1893: The Hebrew Anarchist continued their tradition of mocking the observance of Yom by holdholding balls and enjoying other entertainments.  This year’s events were held at the Clarendon Hall where attendees paid fifteen cents to enjoy the speeches and merriment.

1893: Rabbi Louis Lustig and his congregation will not be worshiping at their usual house of prayer at 180 Rivington Street because of a fire that broken out at eleven o’clock last night after Kol Nidre Services.

1895(2nd of Tishrei, 5656): 2ndday Rosh Hashanah

1895: The Russian Jews who arrived in Norwich, Ct yesterday from Quebec and are planning to take a steamer to New York City that they are following this “round-about route…to escape the rigid Custom House inspection” that greets immigrants who arrive in New York from Europe.

1895: “Silver Dollar” Smith, a Jewish saloon owner and member of the Tammany machine went looking for William Smith in an attempt to get him to press charges against Martin Engel, a Tammany leader.

1896: A new Charles Frohman melodrama is scheduled to open in Boston today which will eventually be brought to New York

1898: Colonel Dreyfus was released from prison on Devil's Island. This is the famous Dreyfus of "The Dreyfus Fair" that rocked France and provided the impetus for Theodore Herzl to become the father of modern Zionism.

1898:Herzl began a journey that would take him to Paris, The Hague and London on business of the Jewish Colonial Trust (Bank).

1899: Birthdate of German-born American philosopher, Leo Strauss.

1899: French President Emile Loubet pardoned Dreyfus.

1899: In Kirchhain (Prussia), Hugo and Jennie Strauss gave birth to German-American political philosopher Leo Strauss

1899: After hiding out in a villa with his anti-Semitic comrades, Max Regis, the former mayor of the city and “a notorious Jew baiter” went into Algiers “stirring up anti-Jewish demonstrations, during which the windows of several shops owned by Jews were smashed.

1901: “New Jersey Honors President’s Memory” published today described services held in houses of worship all over the Garden State including the Camden’s Sons of Israel Synagogue attended by 500 Jews who heard speeches by Joseph Roterman , Frank Auerbach and Rabbi Leventhal from Philadelphia.

1906(1st of Tishrei, 5667): Rosh Hashanah

1908: In Houston, TX, members of Congregation Adath Heshurun dedicated their new synagogue.

1917: Birthdate of Arnold "Red" Auerbach. This New York native earned as bachelors and masters degrees from GeorgeWashingtonUniversity.  Despite his father's initial lack of enthusiasm for his interest in athletics, Auberbach coached the Boston Celtics to nine straight NBA championships in the 1950's and 1960's.  However, sheer numbers do not do justice to the impact of this Hall of Fame coach.  During his career, the Celtics were the dominant force in professional basketball.  Auberach's Celtics were a force beyond the hardwood courts, as they provided a venue where African-American athletes could shine in a way not known before in American sport.

1918(14th of Tishrei, 5679): Erev Sukkoth

1918: M. Politis, Minister of Foreign Affairs, announces Greek governmental approval of the suggestion by Dr. Chaim Weizmann to the Greek representative in Egypt, that a volunteer military corps be developed for Palestine, from among the Jews of Salonica.

1918: During WW I, General Allenby’s forces entered the Jezreel Valley and began two days of fighting that would lead to the capture of Afula (later known for its Pistachio nuts) and Megiddo, the site of the biblical battle of Armageddon. [One can only wonder what the Jewish forces serving with Allenby felt as they trod this land on the eve of the holiday simply known as “The Chag.”]

1918: Birthdate of George Lachmann Mosse, the German born American cultural historian who co-founded “The Journal of Contemporary History.”

1923(10th of Tishrei, 5684): Yom Kippur

1924: In Manhattan, Alexander and Eugenia Moshinsky gave birth to Albert Eliot Moshinsky who gained fame as Albert Marre, the Tony Award-winning director. (As reported by Dennis Hevesi)

1925(2ndof Tishrei, 5686): 2nd day of Rosh Hashanah

1925: Birthdate of Eliezer Zborowski, the Polish born Holocaust survivor who started the American and International Societies for Yad Vashem (As reported by Douglas Martin)

1927:  Birthdate of Henry Taub a founder of the payroll company that grew into the global giant Automatic Data Processing, also known as ADP.

1928: Birthdate of Dr. Joyce Brothers who first gained national fame as a quiz show contestant on the "$64,000 Question."

1936:  In a time when most Jews were supporting FDR, friends of Republican Presidential candidate Alf Landon, expressed their gratification over a statement by Felix M. Warburg, New York banker and philanthropist, announcing his support for Governor Landon.

1937(15thof Tishrei, 5698): Sukkoth

1937: The Palestine Post reported that Egypt, in an outspoken declaration made by its foreign minister, Butrus Ghali Pasha, officially objected to any planned partition of Palestine. Butrus Ghali explained that Jews and Arabs, "both descendants of Abraham," had lived together amicably for centuries and could continue to live so in our own time and day.

1937:  The Post reported that Mr. K.W. Blackburne, assistant district commissioner for the North of Palestine, informed local mukhtars (village heads) that they would be held responsible for any terrorist activities which might take place within their territories. Whenever found guilty they would have to pay damages and defray the expenses of the special punitive police posts, established in their villages.  This tough talk was not backed up with action as the British government did little or nothing to put an end to Arab terror.

1939: All radios owned by Jews in Greater Germany were confiscated.

1941(28th of Elul, 5701): Several thousand Jews, mostly women and children from Kovno, Lithuania, are executed at the local synagogue after being held there for three days.

1941: Policemen in Kiev, Ukraine, adopt armbands identifying the wearer as a member of the Nazi-sponsored Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists.

1942(9th of Tishrei, 5703): In the evening Kol Nidre

1942(9th of Tishrei, 5703): In Letychiv, Ukraine, the SS starts a two day murder spree that claims the lives of at least 3,000 Jews.

1943(20th of Elul, 5703): One thousand Jewish inmates of the camp at Szebnie, Poland, are trucked to a nearby field, stripped naked and executed with machine guns. The bodies are burned and the bones thrown into the Jasiolka River. Those who had been ordered to pile the dead bodies onto a pyre were then shot to death as well.

1943: Jacob Kapler, a Jew assigned to the body-burning detail at the Babi Yar, Ukraine, mass-murder site, finds a key that fits the padlock on a bunker in which he and other laborers are locked each night.

1944(3rd of Tishrei, 5705) Tzom Gedaliah

1944: The Jewish Brigade Group is formed by the British high command. After a long battle by Chaim Weizmann and Moshe Sharret, the British agreed to the establishment of a Jewish Army to fight alongside British troops. In all over 5000 people from pre-state Israelincluding many who had fled from Europeenlisted. Seven hundred of them lost their lives. After the war they formed the nucleus for those working to get Jews from Italy and the Balkans by legal or illegal efforts.

1944:Joseph Ratzinger, the future Pope Benedict XVI, joins the Whermacht

1945: The Jewish Agency for Palestine makes its first claim for restitution from Germanyfor crimes Nazis committed against Jews.

1945: Eleanor Roosevelt and Mrs. Henry Morgenthau, Jr. visited the refugee camp at Fort Ontario where most of the population was Jewish.

1946: In Haifa, Lilly and Eliyahu Goldenberg gave birth to David Goldenberg who gained fame as Israeli entertainer and television personality Dudu Topa

1947: Mayor Fiorello La Guardia passed away.  New York's "Little Flower" had an Italian father and a Jewish mother.  La Guardia never "traded on his Jewish origins" for political purposes.  At the same time, he suffered numerous times because of them.  For example, his career in the Foreign Service ended before it began, despite his linguistic skills, when it was explained to him that a Jewish parent would prove detrimental to his future.  He was the victim of numerous anti-Semitic slurs from political opponents.  At one point the Democrats ran a Jewish candidate against him thinking it would be to their advantage.  However, La Guardia (a Republican) had the last laugh when he challenged his opponent to a debate so long as the language of the match was Yiddish.  The opponent demurred because his linguistic skills were less than La Guardia's who then went on to win the election.

1950: Orchestra conductor Serge Koussevitzky left New York on an Air France aircrafts on his way to Israel where he will conduct the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra.  “He will give fifteen concerts in Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and Haifa.”

1951: As the infant Jewish state copes with the economic challenges brought on by immigrant absorption and having to defend itself against a cordon of states dedicated to its destruction. David Horowitz presents Israel’s plans for dealing with the situation at the National Economic Conference at Washington, D.C.’ Shoreham Hotel.

1951: Jewish Film Distributors, local film distributors for Carmel Film of Tel Aviv has announced through Nathan Axelrod, head of the company that “Rebirth of a Nation,” a 90 minute documentary and first of a new series of Israeli made features will have its American premier at the Stanley Theatre.

1951: In a speech given at the Jerusalem Shoe Company marking the end of Industry Week Israel’s Finance Minister Eliezer Kaplan announced “a program to mobilize $300,000,000 for new industrial projects in the next three years.  In his speech Kaplan declared, “Some think Israel needs pity.  But I say we need assistance.  We are building at a tremendous tempo and Israel is surmounting its difficulties.

1952(1stof Tishrei, 5713): Rosh Hashanah

1952: Birthdate of Randy Grossman who played tight end for Temple (where else would a Jewish boy play) University before going on to a career with the Pittsburgh Steelers with whom he earned four Super Bowl rings.

1953: The New York Times includes a review of Saul Bellow’s latest novel, “The Adventures of Augie March “about “a West-Side-Chicago Tom Jones…of depression years with a ‘weak sense of consequence.’”

1955(4thof Tishrei, 5716): Fifty-eight year old Academy Award winning screenwriter and playwright Robert Riskin passed away today.

1956(15thof Tishrei, 5717): Sukkoth

1956: First appearance of The American Examiner which resulted from a merger of the Brooklyn Examiner and The American Hebrew

1959: Beth Shalom Synagogue, in Elkins Park, PA,was inaugurated, a few months after the passing away of the architect who designed it, Frank Lloyd Wright. The synagogue is considered a Wright masterpiece.  The synagogue would later be placed on the list of National Historic Landmarks.

1960: Pitcher Larry Sherry loses gives up two runs in the 9th as the Cards defeat the Dodgers 3 to 2.

1961: Birthdate of Lisa Allred Bloom, the daughter of Gloria Allred who followed in her mother’s footsteps by becoming a lawyer and television personality.

1967: 20th Century Foxreleased “Two for the Road” which was produced and directed by Stanley Doan, the son of Jewish parents from South Carolina.

1970(19th of Elul, 5730): Sixty nine year old Arturo Rosenblueth, the Mexican doctor who was a pioneer in the field of cybernetics, passed away today.

1971(1st of Tishrei, 5732): Rosh Hashanah

1977: The Jerusalem Post reported from Washington that US President Jimmy Carter and Israeli Foreign Minister Moshe Dayan wound up their talks amid continuing differences between their governments on the question of the Palestinian representation at the reconvened Geneva Peace Conference and the establishment of new settlements in the administered areas. Israelannounced that it would not soften its stand against the proposal allowing Arabs to attend the Geneva Conference in a single, unified delegation which might include the Palestine Liberation Organization. Given the distance of time, the Likud (Begin then; Sharon now) has certainly changed its stance on this issue.

1975(15thof Tishrei, 5736): Sukkoth

1976(25thof Elul, 5736): Seventy-one year old Kermit Bloomgarden, the Broadway producer whose productions included “The Diary of Ann Frank” passed away today.

1977: The Jerusalem Post reported that the military government destroyed a terrorist's house in Beit Hanina.

1977: CBS broadcast the first episode of “Lou Grant” produced by Gary David Goldberg.

1979: Assassination of Frenchleft-wing militant Pierre Goldman who had also been convicted of several robberies.  Goldman was the son of Alter Mojze Goldman, a Polish Jew who was active in the French Resistance during World War II.

1980(10th of Tishrei, 5741): Yom Kippur

1980: Avraham "Avi" Cohen, an Israeli playing football for Liverpool (UK) caused a stir when he played in today’s match with Southhampton which ended with a score of 2-2.  There were those who thought he should have followed in the footsteps of Hank Greenberg and Sandy Koufax and not played on Yom Kippur.

1981: Final performance of Hanoch Levine's ''Ya'acobi and Leidental,'' a contemporary Israeli comedy running at the La Mama annex

1990(1stof Tishrei, 5751): Rosh Hashanah

1994(15thof Tishrei, 5755): Sukkoth

1994(15thof Tishrei, 5755): Seventy-four year old Michael Dekel, the native of Pinsk who fought in the Red Army during WW II, before making Aliyah in 1949 passed away today.  An MK, he served in several different cabinet posts.

1998: Outfielder Gabe Kapler made his major league debut with the Detroit Tigers.

1998: The New York Times book section featured reviews by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including “The Brink of Peace: The Israeli-Syrian Negotiations”by Itamar Rabinovich.

1998: In the following article entitled “The Lost Tribe of Natchez,” Jennifer Moses describes the fate of the Jewish community of Natchez, Mississippi.http://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/20/travel/the-lost-tribe-of-natchez.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm

1999(10th of Tishrei, 5760): Yom Kippur

1999:Speaking at a high school in Des Moines, Iowa, Republican presidential candidate Steve Forbes and editor of Forbes magazine tells the students that the Ten Commandments should be displayed in all schools because they are "the basis for this civilization."“The Ten Commandments gave us Judaism from which flowed Christianity.”

2002: This afternoon, “the University of Tennessee will dedicate the newest addition to the Tennessee athletic complex, the Wolf-Kaplan Center” which “is named in honor of the two donors who made the lead donation to make the facility possible, Drs. Robert J. Kaplan and Rodney Y. Wolf, both of Memphis.”

2002: Ninety-one year old Necdet Kent, the Turkish diplomat, who while serving as vice-counsel in Marseilles from 1941 to 1944 risked his life to save Jews, passed away.

“When Kent heard that Turkish Jews who were living in France were rounded up by the Nazis, he personally went to the train station and demanded the release of all Jews who were Turkish citizens. According to Arnold Reisman, “When the guards refused to comply, he got into the wagon with them. A German officer ordered him to get off but Kent refused to leave unless they let his Turkish citizens off as well. Angrily, the officer said no, you can go with them and closed the door. After three hours of extreme cold and filth, the train arrived at the next station. Obviously realizing a possibly explosive international incident had to be quickly diffused, the German officer who opened the door to the wagon apologized profusely and allowed Kent to leave and take all the people in the wagon with him, never looking at papers, never checking to see if they were Turkish citizens or not.” He saved 80 Jewish lives.”

2003(23rdof Elul, 5763):Eighty-nine year old Bernard Manischewitz, whose family name is synonymous with kosher food passed away today.(As reported by Douglas Martin)

 2005: Yedioth Ahronoth reported that that there is more ethnic diversity in the U.S. Jewish community than previously believed.New research finds 20% of Jewish America is ethnically and racially diverse; study shows increase in diverse Jews mirrors changing racial, religious character of America. New research debunks the commonly held view that America's Jews are a monolithic people of exclusively white European ancestry. In

2005:Rabbi Miri Gold, of the Birkat Shalom congregation in the Gezer community, who is a Reform rabbi, petitioned the High Court of Justice demanding that she be appointed to the official position of chief rabbi of her community.
 
2005 (16th of Elul, 5765): Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal passed away at the age of 96.

2005: The Zionist Central Council of Greater Manchester presented the Herzl Award to Jonathan Hantman.

2005: Jonathan Letham received a MacArthur Fellowship

2005:IDF temporarily entered the northern Gaza Strip, constructing a buffer zone parallel to the border near Beit Hanoun before pulling out.[

2006: During the “Cash for Honors” investigation, Lord Levy (Michael Levy) was questioned for a second time and then released on bail. It would take another 9 months before that no charges would be brought against.  The wheels of justice grind slowly.

2006:Rabbi Sir Jonathan Sacks, the Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth broadcasts his New Year messageIn A Strange Land on the BBC One

2006: In accordance with Herzl’s last request, his children, Hans and Pauline Herzl, are interred beside him in Jerusalem’s Mt. Herzl Cemetery.

2006: A bill introduced by Congressman Henry Waxman “that would lift the bank on federal money for subway tunneling in his district passed the House by a unanimous vote.

2007: Israeli Daniel Sharon is arrested in Lebanon on suspicion of involvement in murder and spying. Further investigation will establish that he is a convert to Islam and a self-identified homosexual.  He will be released in mid-October, 2007.

2007:An IDF Spokesperson's Unit video of St.-Sgt. Ben-Zion Henman, filmed only moments before the soldier was shot to death during operations in Nablus, was released.

2007: The 107th annual meeting of the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Chicago was held today at the Hyatt Regency. Daniel C. Kurtzer, the United States Ambassador to Israel from 2001 to 2005 and current Commissioner of the Israel Baseball League, was the guest speaker. Midge Perlman Shafton, who has been active in the Chicago Jewish community for more than 30 years, was honored with the 45th annual Julius Rosenwald Memorial Award, the highest honor bestowed by the Federation.

2008: In Washington, D.C., journalist and philosopher Bernard Henri-Lévy presents the annual Gerald L. Bernstein Memorial Lecture drawn from his new book, “Left in Dark Times: A Stand Against the New Barbarism,” at the French Embassy.

2008: Selichot observances begin at Temple Judah with a wine and cheese reception and a viewing of the Israeli film, Joy, followed by services.

2008(20th of Elul, 5768): Eighty-five year old Russian history expert, Marc Raeff passed away today. (As reported by Bruce Weber)

2008 (20 Elul): Yahrzeit of Jacob Levin; gone from this world, but not from our worlds and our hearts.

2008 (20 Elul):In Manhattan, Joseph Shenker, who as the first president of La Guardia Community College in New York was a leader in having students combine on-the-job experience with their studies, passed away at the age of 68. For the last 13 years he was provost of the C. W. Post campus of Long IslandUniversity and lived near the campus in Brookville, N.Y.

2009: The New York Times features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including “I Shudder:And Other Reactions to Life, Death, and New Jersey”by Paul Rudnickand the recently released paperback edition of “A Path Out of the Desert: A Grand Strategy for America in the Middle East” by Kenneth M. Pollack.

2009: The Los Angeles Times features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including “The Possibility of Everything" by Hope Edelman

2009: A memorial service was today to celebrate the life of the artist Julius Schulman whose last exhibition was at Craig Krull Gallery in Los Angeles.

2009 (2 Tishrei, 5770): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

2009:IDF troops killed two Palestinian militants and wounded three in an incident along the Gaza border late this afternoon. The IDF said in a statement that a border patrol fired tank and artillery shells at a group of Palestinians seen planting a bomb at the Gaza border fence.

2010:Center for Jewish History, Center for Traditional Music and Dance and World Music Institute is scheduled to present a program entitled “The Hidden Musical Treasures of Romania.”

2010: Former President Jimmy Carter’s new book, White House Diary, which includes his criticisms of President Clinton’s and President Obama’s policies in Israel including the building of settlements on the West Bank is scheduled to go on sale today.

 
2010:New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced in a ceremony on Monday that “Fractured Bubble” by Henry Grosman and Babak Bryan and “Shim Sukkah” by Tinder, Tinker had won New York’s first international succa design competition, winning the People’s Choice and jury prizes, respectively.

2011:An international conference on anti-Semitism that coincides with the 70th anniversary of the murder of 33,771 Jews at Babi Yar later this month is scheduled to take place in the Kiev today. It is part of a series of memorial services and conferences will be held across Ukraine over the coming month remembering Jews slain by the Nazis in the aftermath of Operation Barbarossa 70 years ago.

2011: “HaHov” (The Debt) is scheduled to be shown at the JCC in Manhattan. 

2011: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said today at a Likud party conference that he is aware he will come under heavy pressure as he prepared to leave for New York.

2011:Ehud Barak has convinced Nigeria to not support the Palestinian statehood bid, a statement from the Defense Ministry reported today.

2012: Mish Galprin, author of Reimagining Leadership in Jewish Organizations is scheduled to deliver a lecture titled “Ten Practical Lessons to Help You Implement Change and Achieve Your Goals” in Washington, DC

2012: Iran deliberately provided false information about its nuclear program to Western investigators and the International Atomic Energy Agency, a senior Iranian official has confirmed.

2012: Steve Feller is scheduled to deliver a lecture titled “Light Fantastic: A Forum on the Understanding of the Nature of Light” at Coe College in Cedar Rapids, Iowa

2012: Sarah Silverman made a public service announcement (PSA) criticizing new voter identification laws that create obstacles to the ability of certain U.S. populations to vote in the November presidential election, i.e., young, old, poor, and minority citizens” that “was financed by the Jewish Council for Education and Research (JCER) and was co-produced by Mik Moore and Ari Wallach.”

2012: Support for President Barack Obama among Jews in the state of Florida is down 7 percent on 2008, according to an American Jewish Committee (AJC) poll released today.

2013: “Fill the Void” is scheduled to open in Boise, Idaho.

2013(16thof Tishrei, 5774): Second Day of Sukkoth

2013(16thof Tishrei, 5774): Tomer Hazan, a Sergeant in the Israeli Air Force was murdered tonight after being “lured to the village of Beit Amin by Nidal Amar.”

2013: In London, Dr. Robert Friedman is scheduled to lecture on the story behind his latest work, 28 Letters: The Short Life Of Renée (Baba) Friedmann On Not So Calm Waters

2014: Rabbi Ari Israel, the Executive Director of University of Maryland Hillel is scheduled to speak on “Israel and Judaism: forming Positive Jewish Identities at Any Age or Stage.”

2014: Gidi Gov and Berry Sakharoff are scheduled to appear at the Phasa Morgana Festival.

2014: The Vengerov Festival, featuring its namesake violinist Maxim Vengerov who came to Israel in 1990 at the age of 16, is scheduled to come to an end tonight.

2014: In the evening, Selichot

 

This Day, September 21, In Jewish HIstory by MItchell A. Levin

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September 21

19 BCE: Virgil, the classical Roman poet passes away. Eclogue 4, the so-called Messianic Eclogue, is the best known of Virgil’s Eclogues or “Selected Poems also known as Bucolics or “Pastorals.. Written in 40 B.C., during the consulship of Pollio, Virgil's benefactor a year or two previously, it hails the birth of a baby boy who will usher in a golden age of peace and prosperity in which even nature herself will participate. The golden age is the new era of peace for which Augustus was responsible, and the child is thought to be the expected offspring of Augustus and Scribonia (the infant turned out to be a girl). The similarity of language in the poem to that of the Book of Isaiah gave rise to the idea, in the early Christian period, that the fourth Eclogue was indeed a prophecy of the birth of Christ. The similarity may be due to the fact that Jewish ideas spread over Italy in the second half of the first century B.C., and Virgil may have used his acquaintance with them to express the Roman equivalent of a Messianic expectation.

1104: The first synagogue in Speyer was consecrated today, “eleven years after the pogrom of 1096.

1348: The Jews of Switzerland were charged with perpetuation of the Black Death epidemic. There were riots in Bern Chilon and Zurich. Jews held at Chilion were tortured until they "confessed" to having poisoned wells in the area around Venice, Italy. Many Swiss Jews were burned to death during the riots while others were expelled from their respective cities after the violence had subsided. The Black Death was supposed to have been caused by poisoned wells and the Jews were the responsible for poisoning the wells. Of course the Black Death was really Bubonic Plague, but the ignorant found it convenient to blame the Jews for any inexplicable ill that befell them.

1451: Jews of Arnhem were ordered to wear the Jew-badge by the Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa, the Cardinal for that part of Holland.

1553: The Talmud was confiscated and publicly burned in Rome under the auspices of Cardinal Caraffa, later to be Pope Paul IV, a rabid counter-Reformationist. The Cardinal chose this day specifically because it was Rosh Hashanah so the Jews would feel the grief more strongly. Talmud burning would spread to other parts of Italy.

1558: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, passed. Charles wore two hats, or should we say two crowns. While he was the Holy Roman Emperor he was also King of Spain. As the Spanish monarch he continued to enforce the ban against Jews living in his realm. But as Holy Roman Emperor, his rule over German Jewry was such that they “regarded the emperor as their benefactor and protector against the Protestants.”

1618(Tishrei, 5379): In Holland, Dona Ester, wife of Moses Peixotto passed away. Her tombstone provides us with one of the earliest records of the Peixottos, a prominent Sephardic family who came to the United States in the first decade of the 19thcentury.

1645: The Jews of Mogilev, Russia were attacked during Tashlich.

1676: Innocent XI begins his Papacy. “Innocent showed a degree of sensitivity in his dealings with the Jews within the Italian States. He compelled the city of Venice to release the Jewish prisoners taken by Francesco Morisini in 1685. He also discouraged compulsory baptisms which accordingly became less frequent under his pontificate; but he could not abolish the old practice altogether. More controversially he issued an edict by which all the money-lending activities carried out by the Roman Jews were to cease. Such a move would incidentally have financially benefitted his own brothers who played a dominant role in European money-lending. However ultimately convinced that such a measure would cause much misery in destroying livelihoods, the enforcement of the edict was twice delayed.

1710(Elul, 5470): Hodel, daughter of Moshe Kikinish of Lemberg, died a martyr's death after falsely confessing to blood-ritual charges in order to save the lives of other Jews.

1731: Jews were granted the right to attend fairs in Smolensk provided that they limit their transactions to wholesale business.

1758: In Paris, Abraham Silvestre who was “of Jewish origin” and his wife gave birth to linguist and orientalist Silvestre de Sacy who prepared texts for the British and Foreign Bible Society.

1768(10thof Tishrei, 5529): Yom Kippur

1776(8thof Tishrei): Shabbat Shuvah

1776: During the British occupation a fire broke out that destroyed approximately 25% of the city – a fire that the British claimed was started to disrupt their forces and that the Americans claimed the British  started so that they could loot the city, most of whose Jewish inhabitants had fled with the departure of American forces.

1789(1st of Tishrei, 5550): Jews celebrate Rosh Hashanah for the first time during the Presidency of George Washington.

1802: Anti-Jewish riots took place in Switzerland. Five centuries have passed since the black plague but the Swiss behavior remained unchanged.

1812(15th of Tishrei, 5573): First Day of Sukkoth

1836(10thof Tishrei, 5597): Yom Kippur

1836: Joseph Samuels led services in the newly dedicated synagogue in Cincinnati, Ohio – the first such structure in the Queen City.

1838: Privileges granted the Jews of Sweden were revoked by the Swedish government.

1841: Hassocks Gate Railway Station which was designed by Anglo-Jewish architect David Mocatta opened today.

1842: Birthdate of Ottoman Sultan Murad V. During his reign, Jews migrated to Turkey after the signing of the Berlin Treaty. Also, his Jewish subjects celebrated the 400th anniversary of their arrival from Spain. It took three tries, but Herzl finally got an audience with the Sultan in 1902 during which he makes his case for a Jewish Homeland under the protection of the Sultan.

1842: Birthdate of John B. Weber, Civil War veteran and New York Congressman who was appointed the first Commissioner of Immigration at the Port of New York in 1890 which meant he had a major impact on the flood of Jewish immigrants from eastern Europe – deciding in some cases who could stay and who had to be returned. Weber joined Dr. Walter Kempster in visiting Russia and preparing an official report on the conditions of the Jews living in that country and the purposeful policy of deprivation and discrimination pursued by the Czar to impoverish the Jews and force them to immigrate to the United States.

1846(1stof Tishrei, 5607): In the first year of the Mexican-American War, Jews observe Rosh Hashanah

1847: Birthdate of Yitzhak Isaac Halevy Rabinowitz the “rabbi, Jewish historian, and founder of the Agudath Israel organization” who was raised by his grandfather Mordechai Eliezer Kovno, “after his father was killed by soldiers.”

1850(15th of Tishrei, 5611): Sukkoth

1853: An article published today entitled “Great Britain: London Trade-American Sewing Machines” reported “if the clothing firm of E. Moses and Son has not begun using the sewing machine in its tailoring operation, it soon will, since the firm is always looking for ways to be be more cost effective.” “London clothier Elias Moses was the first to pioneer a retail model of massive advertising and deep discounts to create a high-volume business in low-margin ready-to-wear clothing…The Moses & Son store even looked different, fitted with” the “ then unheard of plate-glass display windows out front and fixed prices on clothing inside. But after the father passed away, and the son retired, the store rather lost is heart. When the son of Moses and Son died in 1884, the Times of London  mourned, ‘The large premises at Aldgate and Oxford Street know the name of E. Moses and Son no more.’”

1857: Bertha and Marcus Goldman gave birth to Henry Goldman who joined Goldman Sachs & Co in 1885 where he “helped list retail companies like Sears and Woolworth” and he refinanced Studebaker.  He left the company during World War I over his support for Germany an attitude that would change when he visited the country when the Nazis came to power and became a tireless worker to help German Jewish intellectuals and children escape to the United States.

1859: Benjamin Szold arrived in the United States and began serving as the Rabbi for Oheb Shalom in Baltimore, Maryland. He would serve in that capacity until his death in 1902. Szold moved the congregation from Minhag America (Reform) to Minchag Ashekenaz (Traditional). For all of his own accomplishments, his greatest claim to fame may be that he was the father of Henrietta Szold.

1863: At its meeting today the Board of Alderman referred to the Committee on Donations and Charities the Report of Committee on Finance, with resolution that the Comptroller be directed to dispose of the following ground, belonging to the Corporation, and located adjoining the Orphan Asylum of the Hebrew Benevolent Society, on Seventy-seventh-street, and extending from the westerly line or side of said Orphan Asylum to the easterly line or side of Lexington-avenue. being in extent one hundred and thirty-five feet front and rear, by one hundred feet deep to the said- Hebrew Benevolent Society, to be held by the said Society upon the same tenure or conditions as the twelve lots of ground heretofore granted to the Bifid Society; the grant hereby made to said Society to be sanctioned by the Legislature of the State at its next or any subsequent session, in order to perfect the title thereto in the aforesaid Society, and to obviate the prohibition contained in the forty-first section of the Amended Charter of one thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in respect to disposing of the property or franchises of the City.

1865(1stof Tishrei, 5626): American Jews celebrate Rosh Hashanah for the first time during the Presidency of Andrew Johnson

1867: Birthdate of American statesman, Henry Stimson. By the time he passed away in 1950, Stimson had amassed an incredible record of public service serving Presidents from Teddy Roosevelt to Harry Truman. Stimson served as Secretary of War from 1940 through 1945. This meant that he was the cabinet member who oversaw the Army and Army Air Force in the successful defeat of the Axis military. Towards the end of the war, there were some in the Roosevelt administration who were circulating a resolution opposing creation of a Jewish state in Palestine. Stimson came out against this move which helped to smother it at a time when American support for a Jewish state was a hotly debated issue in the halls of government.

1870: According to the Teachers’ Reading Room and Exchange in Manhattan there are 7 Hebrew Schools below 59th Street with a total enrollment of 1,147 and 47 teachers.

1871(6th of Tishrei, 5632): Sixty-four year old Rabbi Mendel Hess passed away. Born in 1807, at Lengsfeld (now Stadtlengsfeld), Saxe-Weimar he was a German rabbi.He was one of the 1st Jewish theologians to combine a university education with Talmudical training. From 1828 until his death he was chief rabbi of the grand duchy of Weimar, residing first at Lengsfeld and later at Eisenach. Although the measure had aroused great dissatisfaction among the Jews, he strictly enforced the decree of the government (June 20, 1823) ordaining that Jewish services should be conducted exclusively in the German language and that the reading in Hebrew of sections of the Bible should be followed by their translation into the vernacular. The position of rabbi as government official became very unpleasant, as he was required to inform against those who failed to attend the services, a requirement which even the progressive Jews, who approved of the ordinance, condemned. Intermarriages between Jews and Christians being allowed in the grand duchy, Hess officially consecrated such nuptials, notwithstanding the proviso that the off-spring should be brought up in the Christian faith. In the consecration of Jewish marriages he likewise ignored time-honored traditional rabbinical regulations, and it is said that in his disregard of Jewish sentiment he went so far as to attend a theater on the eve of the Day of Atonement ("Allg. Zeit. des Jud." 1845, p. 62). Hess was a member of the three rabbinical conferences which (1844-46) convened at Brunswick, Frankfort-on-the-Main, and Breslau, and as such was an advocate of uncompromising radicalism. After 1848 he felt the illiberality of enforced reforms, and petitioned the government to repeal the law which made attendance at the Reform services compulsory ("Allg. Zeit. des Jud." 1853, p. 474). He edited "Der Israelit des Neunzehnten Jahrhunderts" from 1839 to 1847, and, with Samuel Holdheim as coeditor, in 1847 and 1848. Hess also published two collections of sermons and addresses (Eisenach, 1839, 1843).

1874(10th of Tishrei, 5635): Yom Kippur

1874: Birthdate of Joe Levin, a founder of B'nai Abraham Synagogue in Brenham, Texas.

1876(3rd of Tishrei): Tzom Gedaliah

1876: Birthdate of Herman Bernstein, the Russian born American author and diplomat who wrote “History of a Lie,” a book which exposed the “Protocols of the Elders of Zion” as an anti-Semitic forgery.

1878: As a Yellow Fever Epidemic gripped the Deep South, the officers of Hebrew Hospital Association in Memphis, Tennessee issued the following appeal: “Our funds having been entirely exhausted, and sickness still continuing with unabated fury in our midst, we appeal to our co-religionists through the United States for pecuniary aid. There are orphans to be cared for, in addition to relieving the wants of the sick and the distressed. And our good work must be discontinued unless aid is given us. All remittances should be addressed to David Eiseman, Treasurer of the Hebrew Hospital Association.”

1878: Raphael D.C. Lewin delivered a lecture on the subject of “Life and Character of Moses Mendelssohn, the German-Jew Philosopher of the Eighteenth Century.” The proceeds of the lecture will go to aid those suffering from the Yellow Fever Epidemic.

1878: The Chamber of Commerce Relief Committee dispersed funds to various organizations aiding victims of Yellow Fever including $1,000 to the Hebrew Benevolent Association of New Orleans, $500 to the Association for the Relief of Jewish Widows and Orphans of New Orleans and $500 to the Hebrew Benevolent Association of Memphis, TN.

1879 (4th of Tishrei, 5640): Tzom Gedaliah

1879 (4th of Tishrei, 5640): Rabbi Meir Leibush ben Yechiel Michel also known as the Malbin passed away. Born in 1809, he ultimately became the Chief Rabbi of Bucharest. He wrote a commentary on the Bible, showing the close relationship between the Oral and the Written Law. He fought strongly against many reformist movements which he likened to modern day Kararites. While not very popular with the "enlighteners," he apparently was quite popular with the common people of the various communities that he served.

1880: It was reported today that the Jewish festival of Succoth or Feast of Booths "had commenced on Sunday evening and will continue until next Monday night"  The first and last days of the festival are only regarded as holy days, the intermediate days being of no special import.  His is the harvest of feast of the ancient Jews and is also commemorative of the Israelites dwelling in Succoth of booths during their weary journey through the wilderness.”

1883: Birthdate of Robert Goldstein the producer of “The Spirit of ‘76” a film made before the United States entered WW I which portrayed the cruel treatment of Americans during the Revolution by British soldiers.  Unfortunately for Goldstein and he was prosecuted under Title XI of the Espionage Act, and received a ten-year sentence plus a fine of $5000. The sentence was commuted on appeal to three years.

1883: It was reported today that while addressing a banquet being held in Grosswardein, the Hungarian Prime Minister said “Jew-baiting affected the honor of the Fatherland, and the Government was bound to protect the lives and property of all citizens regardless of class prejudice.”

1884: Birthdate of Clarence Cleveland Dill, the United States Senator from the state of Washington who was so supportive of Herbert Hoover’s nomination of Benjamin Cardozo to serve on the Supreme Court that, on a radio broadcast he called it “the finest act of his career as President.”

1884: “The English Peers” published today, using information that first appeared in the Fortnightly Review, described the obstructionist role played by the House of the Lords in the past sixty years including their repeated oppositions to bills passed by the House of Commons that would have relived Jews of their “civil disabilities.”

1884: It was reported today that in London, this week’s edition of the Jewish Chronicle contained a letter from Henry Rice, the President of the United Hebrew Society of New York and I.S. Isaacs, the society’s secretary, describing the opposition of Jews in the United States “to the immigration of idle, weak people who expect to live on charity alone and urging that care be taken that none be sent save those able to earn a living.”  The Jewish leaders warned that the U.S. government would send back the former.  The Chronicle called “the letter harsh and unsympathetic.”

1884: “Heine’s Memoirs” published today provides a detailed review of The Memoirs of Heinrich Heine which include “some newly discovered fragments of his writings” and “an introductory essay by Thomas W. Evans”

1884: It was reported today that unnamed Jewish peddler has been arrested in New Haven on charges that he had split open the head of John Carroll after being teased by a group of boys last night.

1884: The Society of United Hebrew Charities met at Wheatly Hall in Philadelphia to discuss the additional street being place on its limited resources to the huge influx of Russian immigrants.

1884: “Honoring An Aged Philanthropist” published today described the “extensive preparations” being made by American Jews to celebrate the 100thbirthday of Sir Moses Montefiore on October 24.  At four o’clock in the afternoon on that date synagogues throughout the United States will hold services following the special liturgy first developed in the British Empire.” 

1890: In Vienna, a sub-Lieutenant who had been arrested for attacking an old Jew appeared before the Police Commissioner today and explained his action by saying that “he had…quarreled with a Jew and hated all the race so much that he had sworn he would punish the first one he set eyes upon.”

1890: Rabbis Pereira Mendes and M.H. Harris officiated at the funeral of Benjamin F. Peixotto  at Temple Israel of Harlem. Pall bearers include Julius Bien, Meyer S. Isaacs, Adolph Sanger, Daniel T. Hays, Michael H. Cardozo, Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, M.M. Davis and Adolphus Solomons of Washington, D.C.

1890: “New Publications” published today included  a description of The Centurial: A Jewish Calendar for One Hundred Years, a Jewish calendar and almanac compiled by E. M. Myers.

1891(18thof Elul, 5651): Henry Marks, a young Jew from Brooklyn  who had served with Troop E, Fifth Cavalry, US Army, shot himself “on the lake shore at Edgewater” outside of Chicago.

1892(29thof Elul, 5652): Erev of Rosh Hashanah

1892: Polish Jews being held in quarantine at Sandy Hook “have been sent kosher food from their friends in New York so they can begin their celebration of Rosh Hashanah.

1892: “The Jewish New Year” published today provided a description of the upcoming holiday that includes “a peculiar observance, the blowing of the shofar or cornet…”

1893: Solomon Breyer is at home with a scalp wound he suffered when the synagogue on Rivington Street he was praying at Erev Yom Kippur caught fire and burned.

1893: According to reports published today, a concert will be held “to defray” the legal expenses of Jewish anarchist Emma Goldman.”

1895: “Knows the Hebrew Bible by Heart” published today described the intellectual attainments of Professor Jacob Cooper, the Rutgers professor who claimed that he was so well versed in the Old Testament that “if all the Hebrew Bibles in the world were destroyed he could reproduce the text from memory and who was awarded an honorary LL.D. by Tulane for his work in ancient languages.

1896: “Santa Maria,” a comic or light opera created by Oscar Hammerstein is scheduled to open at the Olympia Theatre in New York.

1899: In Algiers, rioting that had been begun by Max Regis, the former mayor and notorious Jew baiter yesterday continued today with the police making at least six arrests.

1900: Fire in Constantinople, left 2000 Jews without shelter. One synagogue was destroyed.

1900: In n the town of Potoki, near Kremenchuk, Ukraine, Hoda (Hadassah) and Yehuda Leib Nissan Vilensky, a Zionist leader descended from a long line of rabbis gave birth to Miriam Vilensky who gained fame as Israeli writer and poet Miriam Yalan-Shteklis

1901: Herzl is granted an interview with British Colonial Minister Joseph Chamberlain.

1906(2nd of Tishrei, 5667): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1909: Birthdate of Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana from 1958 until 1966. Nkrumah was President of Ghana when it gained its independence from Britain. Under Nkrumah, Ghana established strong economic and political ties with Israel. Like many other newly independent African states, Ghana saw Israel as a source for training in modern technology that would attempt to establish a pseudo-colonial relationship. Israel saw these joint efforts as a way of off-setting the petro-power of the Arab nations. Among other things, Ghana and Israel formed a joint ocean cargo and shipping line called Black Star. Unfortunately, Nkrumah lost his moral compass and was deposed in 1966l A year later, Israel’s African friends would turn on her and succumb to threats of an Arab led shut off of petroleum following the Six Days War.

1910: “Ezrah,” the first Ashkenazi community organization is founded in Montevideo, Uruguay.

1911: This evening Joseph H. Hertz is formally installed as Rabbi of Congregation Orach Chayim in Manhattan.

1912)10thof Tishrei, 5673): Yom Kippur

1914(1stof Tishrei, 5675): As Jews on all fronts of the Great War celebrate Rosh Hashanah, on the Western Front, German and Allied Forces plan their next move following the Battle of the Marne – the fight that saved France from crushing defeat in the first month of conflict.

1916: Birthdate of Lea France Gourdji, the daughter of Turkish-Jewish parents who gained fame as Françoise Giroud, whose accomplishments included co-founding influential political weekly L’Express to advance the agenda of French-Jewish politician Pierre Mendès France.

1918(15th of Tishrei, 5679): First Day of Sukkoth

1918: During WW I, British cavalrymen under the command of General Allenby captured the 3,000 man Turkish garrison at Nazareth.

1918: During WW I, as British forces fought to liberate Eretz Israel from Ottoman rule, the RAF and RAAF conducted “the most devastating aerial attack of the war” in which “fifty aircraft bombed and machine gunned the Turks” who were trying to escape from Nablus and cross the Jordan River where they mistakenly thought they would be safe from further attack.

1921: Sir Ernest Joseph Cassel, German-born, British merchant and banker passed away. It was not until he died that most people discovered that Cassel had converted to Roman Catholicism at the behest of his wife.

1922: U.S. President Harding signed a joint resolution of congress expressing approval of the establishment of a national home for the Jewish People in Eretz Yisrael. Passing resolutions was just about all of the support that the Jews would get when it came to support for a Jewish Homeland in Palestine. Another element that is often overlooked is the lack of strong support for a Jewish Homeland in Palestine. Large segments of Orthodox Jews opposed the Zionists because the movement ran contrary to waiting for the Messiah. And large numbers of Reform Jews opposed it because it ran contrary to their assimilation goals.

1923: Chinka Chana Zaid and Yosef Yechiel Zaid, HaKohen gave birth to Yehuda and Israel Zaid.

1926: Herman Bernstein, the Polish born American author and editor of The Jewish Tribune was inundated with telegrams and letters congratulating him on the celebration of his 50th birthday. The expression of best wishes came from a variety of Jewish and non-Jewish leaders including David Belasco, Colonel Edward M. House, Louis Marshall and Felix M. Warburg.

1926: In Cleveland, Ohio, businessman William J. Glaser and his wife Lena gave birth to Donald Arthur Glaser an American physicist and neurobiologist who won the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the invention of the bubble chamber."
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/05/science/donald-glaser-nobel-winner-in-physics-dies-at-86.html?hpw

1926(13thof Tishrei, 5687): Sixty-three year old Louis Grossman the Austrian born American Reform Rabbi who served the Plum Street Temple in Cincinnati, Ohio for thirty years passed away today.

1928: Catcher Ike Danning made his major league debut with the St. Louis Brown.

1929: “The Oxford sutdents who defended the Jews in the Arab attack in Jersualem arrived in London from Palestine today in charge of the Rev. Graham Brown principal of Wycliffe Hall. ..The father of one one of tgh students who met them at the ship said that the Jewish community of Tel Aviv presented each with a special memento…The sudents are all young men studying for the ministry…They were pleased at having enorlled in the poice force and at having aided in restoring order in Jerusalem.”
 
1929: Birthdate of Elsa Rabinowitz, the native of Charleston, SC who gained fame as actress Elsa Raven who played “Ida Straus” in the blockbuster “Titanic.”
1933(1st of Tishrei, 5694): American Jews observe a New Year living for the first time under The New Deal.

1934: In the Westmount neighborhood of Montreal, Nathan Cohen and Marsha (Masha) Klonitsky, the daughter of Rabbi Solomon Klonitsky-Kline gave birth to singer/songwriter Leonard Cohen
http://www.leonardcohen.com/us/home

1935(23rd of Elul, 5695): After a long illness Henry Samuel Morais passed away today at the House of the Incurables in the Bronx, New York. Born in Philadelphia, PA in 1860, he was the son of Rabbi Sabato Morais, a well-known national Jewish leader, Rabbi of Congregation Mikveh Israel of Philadelphia, and founder of the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York. Morais attended different private and public schools for his secular education, while he received a traditional religious education from his father. After his schooling he taught for twelve years in the schools of the Hebrew Education Society and in the Hebrew Sabbath-Schools of Philadelphia.He was interested for a time in law but abandoned it to pursue a literary career. He contributed art icles on various subjects to secular and Jewish papers including current matters in Judaism, Jewish literary topics, and other general questions. He wrote for journals all over the United States, although, of course, most of his material was published along the east coast, especially in Philadelphia. In 1887 he was the principal founder of the Philadelphia Jewish Exponent, a weekly newspaper that represented a traditional religious point-of-view, and served as managing editor for its first two years. After leaving the Jewish Exponent he joined the special staff of the Philadelphia Public Ledger and became its editor in 1894. He was also the editor of two other journals in Philadelphia during this time: the Musical and Dramatic Standard and the Hebrew Watchword and Instructor. Along with his journalistic activities Morais took active part in the cultural and intellectual life of Philadelphia. He was the founder and president of Doreshe Da'ath Society, a Jewish literary and intellectual group, founder and executive director of the Philadelphia Musical and the Philadelphia Concert Company, and was also involved with the American Jewish Historical Society, along with his father, during its formative years in the late 1890s and early 1900s. Besides his journalistic efforts and the works which he published (see below for an annotated bibliography) Morais used his religious background and education along with his former teaching experience to enter the Rabbinate where he became known as an articulate speaker, as a Jewish educator to both adults and children, and as a communal leader. He was asked quite often by different synagogues to deliver guest sermons on special Sabbaths and the holidays. As a Rabbi, Morais was respected by and appealed to an American-born, English-speaking constituency committed to the ideals of traditional Judaism. Morais himself held strong views against the Reform movement in America and became embroiled in a number of controversies concerning statements which he made against Reform Judaism. Morais was nevertheless unable to find security in the Rabbinical profession and he held numerous pulpits. Morais' first position was in Philadelphia, where he became acting minister in Congregation Mikveh Israel, 1897-1898, upon his father's death. After a brief illness Morais left Philadelphia to accept a position in Congregation Adath Jeshurun, Syracuse, New York, where he served as Rabbi in 1899-1900, and 1902-1903. In 1900-1901 he served as Rabbi to Congregation Jeshuath Israel, Newport, Rhode Island. After leaving Syracuse he came to New York where he remained for the rest of his life. He founded and became Rabbi of Congregation Mikveh Israel in New York City. Successive pulpits for Morais included: Congregation Sons of Israel, Brooklyn, New York; Congregation Derech Emunah, Arverne, Long Island; Congregation Pincus Elijah, New York City, and the Congregation of Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, New York. Morais never married; he kept in close contact with his brother and sisters, and maintained a large group of friends with whom he corresponded -- indeed many of these people were major figures within the American Jewish community and their correspondence appears in this collection.

1937: The Palestine Postreported that David Ben-Gurion, Moshe Shertok (Sharett), and Nahum Goldman were present at the opening meeting of the Sixth Committee of the League of Nations in Geneva. In his opening address M. Lange of Norway compared the Palestinian situation to 'the squaring of a circle,' but added that 'humanity owes a debt of gratitude to Jewry.' The Sixth Committee waited for the arrival of British Foreign Minister Anthony Eden to start the Palestine debate.

1937: Catcher Harry Chozen made his major league début with the Cincinnati Reds.

1939: Heydrich, the Chief of the Reich Central Security Office, held a conference in Berlin to discuss the long-term future of Polish Jewry. During the conference, Heydrich stated that there was an ultimate plan for dealing with the Jews, the first step of which called for the concentration. He orders chiefs of Einsatzgruppen to establish, in cooperation with German civil and military authorities, Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland. He decrees that all Jewish communities in Poland and Greater Germany with populations under 500 are to be dissolved, so that deportations of Jews to urban ghettos and concentration camps can be accelerated. Further, Heydrich orders the establishment of ghetto Judenräte (Jewish councils). The main goals of the ghettoization process are to isolate Jews, force them to manufacture items for Germany, and provide easy Nazi access for murder and deportation.

1940: Birthdate of Paul Cowan, “a journalist of strong social passions whose book An Orphan in History influenced thousands of assimilated Jews like himself to recover their Jewish heritage.

1941(29th of Elul, 5701): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1942(10th of Tishrei, 5703): Yom Kippur

1942(10th of Tishrei, 5703): Nazis sent over 1.000 Jews of Pidhaytsi (west Ukraine) to Belzec extermination camp.

1942: On Yom Kippur the Germans ordered Konstantynów Jews (Poland) to permanently evacuate Konstantynów and move to the Ghetto - established in Biała Podlaska meant to hold Jews from nearby 7 towns including Konstantynów, Janów Podlaski, Rossosz and Terespol

1942(10th of Tishrei, 5703): In Dunaivtsi, Ukraine, Nazis murder 2588 Jews.

1942: Open-pit burning of bodies begins at Auschwitz in place of burial. The decision is made to dig up and burn those already buried (107,000 corpses) to prevent the fouling of ground water and to hide evidence of atrocities.

1943: In Greece, Rabbi Barzilai was commanded to establish a Jewish Council and to take the necessary steps to carry out the deportation of all the Greek Jews.

1945: Birthdate of Jerry Bruckheimer, movie and television producer. The CSI television series is one of his most famous “television franchises.”

1948: "Texaco Star Theater" premieres with Milton Berle on NBC-TV. Uncle Miltie as he came to be called by his millions of fans was the son of Moses and Sadie Berlinger.

1949(27th of Elul, 5709): Fifty-seven year old Elinor Morgentahau, the wife of Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau, Jr and close friend of Eleanor Roosevelt passed away today.
http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=12237013

1951: Reuben Shiloah, special adviser to Israel on Arab affairs arrived in Paris this morning bearing a copy of his government’s “offer to sign non-aggression pacts with each of her four Arab neighbors- Egypt, Syria, Lebanon and Jordan.”

1951: Maurice Fischer, a minster with the Israeli government presented Israel’s offer to sign a non-aggression pact with her four Arab neighbors to the United Nations Palestine Conciliation Commission.

1951: “Five Israel soldiers were wounded, three of them seriously, in ambush south of the Dead Sea” that was believed to have been conducted by Arab infiltrators from Jordan.

1952: The Jerusalem Post  reported that according to the East German Minister of Agriculture, his country had so far done nothing about compensating Israel for the Nazi persecution, because Jews had made no concrete application. East Germany had 'no basic objection' to discuss an appropriate compensation. East Germany, the Communist side of Germany never did go through a de-Nazification program. Their contention was that by adopting Communism, they had atoned for any sins of the past. In addition to which, they contended that the West German government had all of the former Nazis and their regime was made up of those who had been anti-Nazis. As any honest reading of history would question many of these claims especially when you consider that it was a pact between Hitler and Stalin that gave Hitler the green light for the attack on Poland and the subsequent attacks on the nations of western Europe and England.

1952: Jordan returned, two Israeli soldiers kidnapped in the Latrun area, after three months of captivity.
 
1954: In Concord, MA, Marian (née Goodrich), a teacher, and Cass Richard Sunstein, a builder, gave birth to Cass Robert Sunstein, “a US legal scholar, particularly in the fields of constitutional law, administrative law, environmental law, and law and behavioural economics, who was the Administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs in the Obama administration”

1957: Birthdate of writer and producer Marta Kauffman who co-created the popular sitcom “Friends” and who is married to Michael Skloff who composed the show’s theme song.

1957: Birthdate of film director Ethan Coen. He and his brother Joel are the film making duo known as the Coen Brothers.

1957: In Queensland, Albert ("Bert") and Margaret (née DeVere) Rudd gave birth to “Australian prime minister Kevin Rudd who in 2008 told more than 1,000 people at a memorial service at the Yeshiva Center in New South Wales that Rabbi Gavriel Holtzberg and his wife, Rivkah, had “devoted their lives to acts of goodness and kindness and compassion for others ... but they lost their lives in a senseless act of hatred

1959: Birthdate of Leonid Borisovich Nevzlin, a Russian-Israeli businessman

1960(29th of Elul, 5720): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1964: The island of Malta gains its independence from Great Britain. The Jewish presence in Malta probably dates back to when Israelites accompanied Phoenicians on trips across the Mediterranean. There is archeological evidence of Jewish presence dating from the Hellenistic period in the form of carvings of seven-branch candelabrums and inscription written in catacombs. By the time Malta gained its independence, the Jewish community was a shadow of its former self. Today the small community continues to exist observing the Shabbat and holding services led by lay people since there is no rabbi.

1964: Steve Allen replaced Gary Moore as host of “I’ve Got a Secret” the popular game show produced by Mark Goodson, Bill Todman and Allan Sherman

1969(9thof Tishrei): Erev Yom Kippur

1969: In Camden, NJ, President Martin Odlen read Beth El’s Golden Jubilee Proclamation which began, "In the Beginning G-d created Beth El as a dream in the hearts of men".

1970: Birthdate of Samantha Power, the wife of Cass Sunstein, who was the 28thUnited States Ambassador to the United Nations and whom Mike Abramowitz, Director of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum's Center for the Prevention of Genocide described as part of “a small group of people that really care about genocide prevention and prevention of mass atrocities” and who is “a real champion for those issue at the highest levels of government.”

1970: Monday Night Football premieres. Monday night football redefined American viewing and social habits for at least two decades. The surpising hit program featured three voices in the broadcast booth, the most unique of which was Howard Cossell. Once again, a Jew played a major role in creating a venue of American pop culture. While everybody thinks of Cossell as the quntessential “New York Jew” he actually was born in North Carolina.

1973: The U.S. Senate confirmed Henry Kissinger as Secretary of State. Kissinger was the first Jewish person to hold the position.

1973(24thof Elul, 5733): Eighty-five year old Oscar award winning composer and arranger Charles Previn who was the great-uncle of Andre Previn and Steve Previn passed away today

1975: Warner Brothers released “Dog Day Afternoon” directed by Sidney Lumet and co-produced by Martin Bregman.

1976: East Berlin registered Rykestraße Synagogue as a monument, so public subsidies flowed for the renovations in 1986/1987

1977(9th of Tishrei, 5738): Erev Yom Kippur

1977(9th of Tishrei, 5738): Ben-Zion Halfon an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment between 1969 and 1977 passed away. “Born in Tripoli in Libya in 1930, Halfon was a member of a Zionist youth movement. In 1947 he attempted to make aliyah to Mandate Palestine via Italy, aboard the Aliyah Bet ship Medinat HeYehudit. However, he was detained by the British authorities and sent to an internment camp in Cyprus. The following year he reached Israel, and joined the Palmach's Yiftach Brigade, with whom he fought in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. He was involved in helping other Libyan Jews who had made aliyah, and in 1949 he was amongst the founders of moshav Hatzav. He became involved in the Southern branch of the Moshavim Movement, and became the movement's representative in the Labor Party. He served as national co-ordinator of the movement's purchasing organisation and on the board of the Agricultural Bank. In 1969 he was elected to the Knesset on the Alignment list (an alliance of the Labor Party and Mapam), and was appointed Deputy Minister of Agriculture on 22 December that year. He was re-elected in 1973 but lost his portfolio. He lost his seat in the May 1977 elections, and died in a traffic collision near Gedera junction a few months later aged 47. In 2006, the archaeological museum in Nitzana was named after him.

1986: Jewish golfer Corey Pavin won the Greater Milwaukee Open

1987: Three molecular biologists who have helped revolutionize understanding of one of the body's main immune defense systems and a psychiatrist whose research has had profound influence on the medical treatment of depression were named winners of the 1987 Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards . The winners are Dr. Susumu Tonegawa, a professor of biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Dr. Philip Leder, chairman of the department of genetics at Harvard Medical School and Dr. Leroy Hood, chairman of the division of biology of California Institute of Technology and Dr. Mogens Schou, director of psychopharmacology research at Aarhus University Psychiatric Institute in Denmark. The awards were funded by Albert Lasker, the successful Jewish advertising executive.

1988(10thof Tishrei, 5749): Yom Kippur

1991: Birthdate of actress Zoe Weisenbaum.

1991: Nadine Brozan described the new role played by Evelyn Lauder in the fight against breast cancer.
http://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/21/style/chronicle-657091.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm

1997: The New York Timesbook section featured reviews by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including Aryeh Lev Stollman's first novel, The Far Euphrates and the latest collection of short stories by Deborah Eisenberg entitled All Around Atlantis.

2000: The Appellate Court of Fars Province announced their decision on the appeal by the imprisoned Iranian Jews convicted of spying for Israel. In the days leading up to the announcement there were strong indications that the appeals court would overturn the earlier decision or release a number of the defendants. Despite these reports, the court only reduced the sentences of the 10 Jewish prisoners but did not overturn the guilty verdicts or release any of the prisoners.

2001: Jewish Women Watching published an advertisement in The New York Times asking Jewish women to hold their community accountable for sexism.

2002(15thof Tishrei, 5763): Sukkoth

2003: The New York Timesfeatured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including Who Killed Daniel Pearl? by Bernard-Henri Levy; translated by James X. Mitchell, A Mighty Heart :The Brave Life and Death of My Husband, Danny Pearl by Mariane Pearl with Sarah Crichton, An Execution in the Family: One Son's Journey by Robert Meeropol and Sixty-Sixby Barry Levinson

2005: The Jerusalem Post  reported that Simon Wiesenthal the famed Nazi hunter who died on Tuesday at the age of 96 will be buried in Jerusalem on Friday. During the 1950’s the non-Jewish world (some in the Jewish world as well) wanted to forget or ignore the Holocaust. Wiesenthal would not let the world forget what had happened. At times it seemed as if he were working almost single-handedly to bring those who had murdered six million Jews to Justice. When the world was ready to remember, Wiesenthal was there with the facts, figures and information.

2006: As the case against Moshe Katsav expanded, the number of complaints filed against him rose to a total of eight today.

2006: Today, “Alan Hevesi admitted that he used Nicholas Acquafredda as a state employee to drive and aid his ailing wife. Hevesi claims that in 2003 the State Ethics Commission decided that he would pay back the entire cost of driving around his wife unless it is for specific safety purposes. A spokesperson from the State Ethics Commission denies such a decision was made.”

2007: The top ten billionaires on Forbes  magazine’s list of the 400 richest Americans includes five Jews holding down four of these coveted positions: at number 3, Casino mogul Sheldon Adelson; at number 4, Larry Ellison CEO of Oracle Corp; tied for fifth Sergey Brin co-founder of Google; tied for tenth, Oil barons Charles and David H. Koch.

2007(9th of Tishrei, 5768): Erev Yom Kippur

2008: Israel’s TV industry was a big winner, if only indirectly, when this year’s Emmy award winners were announced today at the annual red carpet event in Los Angeles. Dianne Wiest, already a two-time Oscar winner, added an additional statuette to her collection by winning the best supporting actress award for “In Treatment,” HBO’s largely faithful adaptation of the hit 2005 Israeli drama “BeTipul.” The American version of the show features Wiest as Gina Toll, a therapist originally named Gila Abulafia and played on Israeli TV by stage and film veteran Gila Almagor. Wiest’s victory, over nominees from ABC-TV’s “Grey’s Anatomy,” “Boston Legal” and “Brothers and Sisters,” marked the second Emmy for the Israeli-inspired series. The win followed “In Treatment” performer Glynn Turman’s victory in the guest actor category

2008: In Washington, D.C., Darin Straus reads from his new novel, More Than It Hurts You.

2008: The YIVO Institute for Jewish Research presents “Nusakh Vilne Yizker and Memorial Lecture,” a program marking the 55th anniversary of the founding of Nusakh Vilne, and the 65th anniversary of the liquidation of the Vilna ghetto.
 
2008: The New York Times  featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including Indignation by Phillip Roth, Left In Dark Times: A Stand Against the New Barbarism by Bernard-Henri Lévy; Translated by Benjamin Moser, Bumping Into Geniuses: My Life Inside the Rock and Roll Business by Danny Goldberg and Hitler’s Empire: How the Nazis Ruled Europe by Mark Mazower.

 2008: The Washington Post  featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including Angler: The Cheney Vice Presidency by Barton Gellman and The Trouble Begins at 8: A Life of Mark Twain in the Wild, Wild West by Sid Fleischman.

2008: Internationally-known performer DJ AM whose real name is Adam Michael Goldstein, is listed in critical condition, two days after he reportedly saved his life by jumping from a burning plane while it was skidding down a runway in South Carolina Friday.

2008: Bernard Lewis came to Tulane University in New Orleans to speak about the dangers to the world of the present regime in Iran. He claimed that the unpopular regime there would use its nuclear arms because it does not fear “mutual assured destruction,” believing that we are already at the end of days. The 91 and a half year-old scholar amazed everyone with his analysis, wit, and erudition, although his message was frightening for the Big Satan—the USA-- and for Little Satan—Israel.

2009 (3 Tishrei, 5770): Fast of Gedaliah

2009: The Center for Jewish History and Center for Traditional Music and Dance present a lecture entitled "The Multi-Ethnic Music Cultures of Moldova" in which Walter Zev Feldman discusses the cultural history of this area of ethnic transformation and his recent expedition which discovered musicians of mixed ancestry still performing traditional Jewish music in his father's hometown of Edinets.

2009: The DCJCC presents a screening of “Holy Land Hardball,” a film that tells “the story of an unlikely group of players and executives who attempted to create Israel’s first professional baseball league in the summer of 2007.

2009: Israel's Davis Cup team returned home today with mixed emotions, but already focused on next years competition. Despite the disappointment of losing 4-1 to Spain in the semifinals of the competition, the players and captain felt they gave their all in Murcia and were proud of reaching the last four of the prestigious competition for the first time in Israeli history.

2009:The Commission of Experts on Reforms of the International Monetary and Financial System chaired by Joseph Stiglitz issued its final report today.

2010: The Center for Jewish History and Jewish Women's Archive are scheduled to present Remembering Grace Paley: A panel discussion, with excerpts from Lilly Rivlin's new film,
"Grace Paley: Collected Shorts”

2010: “Seven Minutes In Heaven” is scheduled to be shown at the 14th Annual Jewish Film Festival of Dallas (TX).

2010: Hundreds gathered in the rain in Riga’s Old City today for a ceremony to mark the partial opening of the Riga Ghetto Museum, which will commemorate the thriving Jewish community that was wiped out in the Holocaust.

2010(13thof Tishrei, 5771): Ninety-two year old Shabtai Rosenne, an eminent professor of international law and Israeli diplomat passed away today in Jerusalem
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/12/shabtai-rosenne-obituary
http://www.theguardian.com/law/2010/sep/29/my-legal-hero-shabtai-rosenne

2011: Elizabeth Flock reviews the first book in 30 years that has been written and illustrated by Maurice Sendak.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/maurice-sendaks-new-book-scares--parents/2011/09/21/gIQAqoO1kK_blog.html

 
2011: Former President George W. Bush is scheduled to speak at Beth El Synagogue today.
 
2011: Jewish News One (JN1), the world’s first Jewish global 24hr news channel "that offers a new vision of current affairs," is scheduled to begin broadcasting today via satellite and will be available in Europe, America and the Middle East.

2011(22nd of Elul): Yahrzeit of Joseph B. Levin – if it weren't for him, in more ways than one, none of this would exist proving that there is more than one way "to be inscribed in the book of life."

2012: Team Israel is scheduled to play either France or Spain in its second game at the World Baseball Classic which “is considered to be the premier international baseball tournament”

2012: Today Israel called on the international community in a special gathering at the United Nations to recognize the suffering of Jewish refugees from Arab countries and their material claims the same way it acknowledges the plight of displaced Palestinians 

2012(5th of Tishrei, 5773: A heavily armed terrorist cell from the Sinai Peninsula opened fire on IDF soldiers on the Israeli - Egyptian border today, killing one soldier and injuring a second, before the gunmen were killed in return fire. The IDF announced the name the 20-year-old victim, Netanel Yahalomi, and promoted him posthumously to the rank of corporal.

2012:Israeli soldiers helped to save a Sudanese refugee today in the Sinai, near the site where a soldier was killed in an ambush by three men at the Israeli-Egyptian border.

2012: Iranian military commanders today threatened the complete destruction of the State of Israel as the country unveiled a domestically manufactured air defense system as part of a military parade, various Iranian news agencies reported

2013(17thof Tishrei, 5774): Shabbat Chol Hamoed Sukkoth

2013: In the evening the 92nd Street Y is scheduled to sponsor an Israeli Folk Dance Marathon.

2013: Residents of Tel Aviv and surrounding towns witnessed loud, low-flying maneuvers by Israel Air Force jets this morning when the planes scrambled to intercept what was initially believed to be an intrusion by enemy aircraft into Israel’s airspace but turned out to be a flock of birds.

2013: Rain was reported along Israel's coast from Haifa in the north down to the Center area, including Tel Aviv today making it “first rain of the season.” (As reported by Amishai Gottlieb)

2013: In Bat Yam, “Tzachi Meats” remained closed this evening as an angry crowd gathered around the restaurant that illegally employed Nidal Amar, the Arab who lured Tomer Hazan, a sergeant in the IAF and co-worker to his death last night. Amar had originally planned to trade the body for terrorists in Israeli custody but changed his mind and threw the body into the well.

2014: “Charlotte Salomon: Life? Or Theater” an exhibition that includes 300 of the 1,300 “gouache paintings created by “a 23 year old Jewish artist from Berlin who fled to south of France where she painted for two years before being transported to Auschwitz where she was murdered” is scheduled to come to an end.

2014: The New York Times features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including Black Vodka: Ten Stories by Deborah Levy, Things I Don’t Want to Know on Writing by Deborah Levy, Quest, written and illustrated by Aaron Becker, Belzhar by Meg Wolitzer and Nest by Esther Ehrlich.

2014: The “I Live. Send Help” exhibit which “walks through the century of JDC existence, giving a glimpse into the many ways the organizations has helped Jews and non-Jews around the world” will have its final showing at the New York Historical Society today. (As reported by Rebecca Borison)

2014:The Jewish Museum’s exhibit “Mel Bochner: Strong Language” which “explores the meaning of words” is scheduled to have its final showing today. (As reported by Cathryn J. Prince)

2014: “Murder” written by Hanoch Levin and directed by Yadin Goldman is scheduled to have its final performance at the American Theatre of Actors.

 

 

This Day, September 22, In Jewish History by Mitchell A. Levin

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384: Roman Emperors Gratian, Valentinian II, and Theodosius I forbid Jews from buying or owning Christian slaves. If any such slaves are found with Jews, they must be removed and sold to other Christians. If a Jewish master converts a Christian to Judaism, they will be severely punished.

1499: Switzerland gained de factor independence from the Holy Roman Empire. Jews began settling in Switzerlandin the 13th century.  During the first half of the 14th Century, the Jewish community of Basel was on the largest in Europe.  However, during the last half of the 14th century and on 15thcentury, successive bans drove Jews from the homes in various cities and cantons. The bans were primarily caused charges of well poisoning tied the spread of the Black Death.   By the time Switzerlandgained her independence only a handful of Jews remained in this mountainous state.  The Jewish population would not begin to grow again until the end of the 18th century. 

1521: Selim I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire passed away.  Selim did away with the Law of No Return, the Roman ban on Jews living in Eretz Israel.  The ban was in force until the 16thcentury.  Limits on Jewish immigration would reappear with the British White Paper.  Like many other members of Ottoman royalty, Selim employed a Jewish physician.

1526: Sultan Sueliman decreed that all the Jews seized at Buda and elsewhere, more than 2,000 in number, should be distributed among the cities of the Turkish Empire.

1558: In Recanti, Italy, under the protection of Pope Paul IV, Joseph (Paul) Moro, a baptized Jew, entered a synagogue on the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur). Holding a crucifix, he tried to preach a conversion sermon. The congregation evicted him and a near massacre occurred. Eventually the entire Jewish population was expelled.

1730: In Cento, Italy, Isaac Israeli and his wife gave birth to Benjamin D’Israeli, the grandfather of Benjamin Disreali, the British author and political leader also known as the Earl of Beeconsfield.

1759(1stof Tishrei, 5520): Nine days after the British defeated the French at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, Jews could openly observe Rosh Hashanah in Canada.  The French banned Jews from living in Canada.  The British took the opposite view.

1761: Coronation of King George III who had his first conversation with a Jew when he spoke with prizefighter Daniel Mendoza

1774: Pope Clement XIV passed away. In 1759, while still known as Cardinal Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, he had issued a reported condemning blood libel accusation.In 1758, Pope Benedict XIV ordered an investigation into the matter and charged Lorenzo Ganganelli, councilor of the Holy Office of the Inquisition—and later Pope Clement XIV—to prepare a report on the commission’s work. Ganganelli’s report, presented to the congregation of the Inquisition in March 1758, reviewed the major accusations of Jewish ritual murder since the thirteenth century and concluded that the blood libel was indeed a calumny, of which Jews and Judaism were innocent.”

1776(9thof Tishrei, 5537): Erev Yom Kippur – one has to wonder what was going through the mind of American Jews as they heard the words of Kol Nidre and its references to vows following the decision to break the vows of loyalty to the King of England as stated in the recently adopted Declaration of Independence.

1776: George Washington wrote to John Hancock denying any knowledge as to the cause of the great fire  that burned over 25% of New York City – thus putting the lie to British claims that the Americans had started the blaze to thwart their occupation of the city.
 
1778(1stof Tishrei, 5539): As the British tried to figure out what to do having lost the “first Battle of Saratoga’ Jews observed Rosh Hashanah
1789(2ndof Tishrei, 5550): During the first year of the presidency of George Washington, Jews in the United States observe the second day of Rosh Hashanah.

1806(10thof Tishrei, 5567): A day before Lewis and Clark arrive in St. Louis, thus competing their successful exploration that took them to the Pacific Ocean, Jews observed Yom Kippur
1807(1stof Tishrei, 5569): Rosh Hashanah

1812: In Glasgow, Scotland, a “hatter” (maker of hats) named Isaac Cohen was admitted as a burgess of the city.

1817: Birthdate of Austrian dermatologist Hermann Edler von Zeissl.

1825(10thof Tishrei, 5586):  Jews observe Yom Kippur in the first year of the Presidency of John Q. Adams, the only American President chosen by the House of Representatives.

1831(15thof Tishrei, 5592): Sukkoth

1842: Birthdate of  Abdulhamid II who issued a firman in 1889 stating “That there shall be no interference with the Jews' places of devotional visits and of pilgrimage, that are situated in the localities which are dependent on the Chief Rabbinate, nor with the practice of their ritual

1850:  In Detroit, Michigan, twelve Jewish families came together at the Cozens's home to found the "Bet El Society" (a Michigan Historical Marker now commemorates this site). The congregation engaged the services of Rabbi Samuel Marcus of New York.

1851: The city of Des Moines, Iowa is incorporated as Fort Des Moines.William Krause was one those instrumental in the incorporation effort. He and has his wife had arrived in the area in 1846 when it was known as Raccoon Forks, making them the first Jewish settlers.  The Krause family which had opened the towns first store in 1848 was joined by Joseph and Isaac Kuhn in 1849.  Krause was active in civic affairs and played a key role in having the state capital moved to Des Moines.  By 1870, there were enough Jews in Des Moines to form a congregation called B’nai Jeshurn which built a synagogue in 1878.

1852: The New York Times reported that "The Kohinoor must be a rouser, to allow a company of Hebrew artists to cut away for months upon its sides, and yet be left the largest diamond out of the mines.”  The Kohinoor is one of the largest diamonds in the world.

1855 (10th of Tishrei, 5616): Eleven days after the fall of Sevastopol during the Crimean War, Jews on both sides of the conflict observe Yom Kippur

1855: Adam Mickiewicz arrived in Constantinople. He had journeyed to the capital of the Ottoman Empire from Paris so that he could organize a Jewish legion called the Hussars of Israel made up Jews from Russia and Palestine.  The legion was to part of the forces fighting against the Czar during the Crimean War.

1855: The New York Times reported on the celebration by “the Israelites of the ceremonies marking the start of their New Year including a list of all the synagogues in the city that are holding services on what is described as ‘a fast day…a day of atonement.’”

1857:Daniele Manin an Italian patriot and statesman from Venice who was a hero of Italian unification (Risorgimento) passed away. He was born Daniele Fonseca, the son of a Jew in Ramo Astori, Venice. His name was changed to Manin when he was converted to Catholicism as a child.

1863(9th of Tishrei, 5624): Erev Yom Kippur

1863: Lt. Colonel Samuel Tolles and nine men from the 5th Pennsylvania Cavalry captured a Jew names Falk Odenheimer near the Pasquotank River in North Carolina.  Odenheimer claimed he was a refugee from Goldsboro, NC.  He was carrying $12,000 in gold and “Southern State money” as well as a number of watches when he was captured.  He had spent the night in the woods looking for a place where he could cross into the Union lines without being detected.  Apparently Tolles did not know what to make of the story since he sent Odenheimer back to headquarters under armed guard.

1867: In Lancaster, PA Congregation Shaarai Shomayim dedicated its new synagogue building.

1873(1stof Tishrei, 5634): Rosh Hashanah

1873: In New York City the commercial centers and Wall Street are seemingly depopulated because the city’s Jewish population are crowding their synagogues “to their utmost capacity” for services “that are of the most impressive and solemn nature.”

1875: In Jersey, Esther Simon was married today at the home of her uncle.

1876: “Pauline,” an opera in four acts with music by the Anglo- Jewish composer Frederic H. Cowen opened at the Lyceum Theatre in London.

1877(15th of Tishrei, 5638): In the first year of the Presidency of Ruther B. Hayes, Jews observe Sukkoth

1878(10thof Tishrei, 5548): Yom Kippur

1878: It was reported today that Union of American Hebrew Congregations (Reform) are moving ahead with the plans adopted last year to reorganize.  According to information supplied by the Jewish Messenger, a newly created Board of Delegates on Civil and Religious Rights will replace the old Board of Delegates of American Israelites.

1879: It was reported today that the police in New York do not believe the story of Meyer Friedman, a Polish Jewish shoemaker, and his wife that there home was broken into by thieves who made off with $90 and a gold watch.  The police base their disbelief on the fact that the glass where the break-in was supposed to have occurred was lying on the ground outside the dwelling and not inside on the flooring indicating that it was broken by somebody on the inside.  Nobody doubts the Friedman’s no longer have the money and nobody has commented on the fact that the alleged burglary took place on Rosh Hashanah

1882(9thof Tishrei, 5643): Erev Yom Kippur

1882: In one of the ironies of history, Wilhelm Keitel, a German Field Marshall and senior Nazi military leader who would be hung as war criminal at Nuremberg was born as Jews prepared to hear the haunting tones of Kol Nidre.

1884: “The Connecticut Campaign” published today described the reaction of Dr. Lewis Kleeberg, the rabbi at Mishkahn Israel to the publication of anti-Semitic language used by the current Republican candidate for governor in a jury summation back in 1857.  Kleeberg said that words spoken in haste and hurry of a court room should not be taken as the speaker’s personal opinions.  Furthermore he dislikes “this mingling of religion and politics.  The effort to use the Jews of Connecticut as a sort of a club to wreak political revenge can do no harm to the man it is aimed at.
 
1884: New York stock broker Henry C. Friedman eloped tonight with Sarah Scheuer, the daughter of million merchant Solomon Scheuer.
 
1885:  Birthdate of Erich von Stroheim, actor, writer, director.
 
1889: It was reported today that in their annual report, the managers of House of Refuge on Randall’s Island do not disclose figures on the religious affiliation of any of its inmates except for those who are Jewish.

1889: It was reported today that the new Prince of Monaco has been “betrothed to the Dowager Duchess of Richelieu, a beautiful 31 year old widow who is the daughter of Michel Heine, an orthodox Jew who is a nephew of Heinrich Heine.

1889: It was reported today that Amy Levy, the 23 year old Anglo-Jewish author who was thought to be a future “Emma Lazarus” was cremated today, per her own request.  The ashes were then placed in a small oak chest after which they were buried in a Jewish cemetery.

1889: It was reported today that “a few men are taking the offered course in elementary Hebrew” being offered at Wesleyan University in Connecticut. Future U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s course in American history was the most popular elective being offered during this same fall semester.

1889: Rabbi Aaron Cohen delivered the sermon at today’s dedication of the new synagogue built by Congregation Beth Hamedrash Hagodol in New York.  Coroner Ferdinand Levy delivered an address after the endstone was laid at the building which had cost $44,000.

1889: Rabbi Moses Guedalia led the services this afternoon that marked the consecration of the Congres of Moses Montefiore’s new synagogue on in New York City. He was assisted by several visiting clergymen including Rabbis A.H. Nieto and H. Pereira Mendes.

1890: “Literary Notes” published today described “a Hebrew translation of Longfellow’s ‘Psalm of Life’” by Rabbi Isidore Meyers of Melbourne, Australia that has just been printed in Jerusalem

1891: Russians claim that seven thousand Jews left Berdichefon for Argentina today.  This claim would be appear to be bogus since there is no railway facility at Berdichefon capable of handling such a large number of people at one time.

1891: In Brooklyn  the only Isaac Marks listed in the city directory denied that the Henry Marks, the young who committed suicide yesterday in suburban Chicago , is his brother as claimed by the note found with the body that also contained a request that he be buried “according to Jewish rites”

1892: Approximately two thirds of the 358 passengers who arrived in New York today aboard the Moravia were Russian Jews.

1892: In Cleveland, Ohio, “the Erie Street congregation of Russian Jews” is scheduled to hold Rosh Hashanah services in an assembly room of the new Young Men’s Christian Association Building.

1892(1stof Tishrei, 5653): As Grover Cleveland seeks to defeat Benjamin Harrison in the upcoming U.S. Presidential election, Jews celebrate Rosh Hashanah

1893: Bernard Pachman and Carl Feldman were arrested tonight when police attempted to stop a group of “Hebrew Anarchists” from throwing cobblestones at the offices of Freie Arbeiter Stimme on Pike Street.

1895(4thof Tishrei, 5656): Tzom Gedaliah observed since the 3rd was Shabbat

1895(4thof Tishrei, 5656:) Prominent Jewish leader Abraham B. Wasser “dropped dead this afternoon while visiting at the home of a friend “in Elizabeth, NJ

1895:  Birthdate of Academy Award winning actor, Paul Muni.  Muni got his start in the Yiddish theatre. Unlike other leading men of his day, Muni gained fame as a character actor playing figures as widely different as Mexican revolutionary, a Chinese peasant and a French publisher.

1895: In Detroit, Temple Bethel adopted the use of the New Union Prayer Book for Sabbath services.

1895: Birthdate of celebrated poet, novelist, critic, and editor, Babette Deutsch. While still a student at BarnardCollege, Deutsch had her first poems published in magazines, and her first volume of poetry, Banners, was published only two years after she graduated. Many more volumes of poetry followed, including 1928's Honey Out of A Rock, which touched on varied biblical and Jewish themes. Deutsch also wrote a number of novels, including A Brittle Heaven (1926), In Such a Night (1927), and The Mask of Silenus (1933). In addition to her work as a poet and novelist, Deutsch was also a noted critic, as well as a writer of fiction and biographies for children. In 1958 she was elected to the National Academy of Arts and Letters, and in 1969 served as the organization's secretary. Deutsch was on the advisory board of the National Book Committee, chancellor for the Academy of American Poets, and a consultant for the Library of Congress. Although Deutsch led a busy professional life, she also devoted much of her time to the Jewish community. Deutsch often worked with the Young Men's Hebrew Association, serving as a lecturer in their PoetryCenter. Much of her poetry reflected her Jewish heritage, and her last three books of poetry all dealt with her anger at the horrors of the Holocaust and her efforts to make sense of such great tragedy.

1896: Birthdate of Uri Zvi Grinberg the Galacian born Israeli poet and author who uniquely wrote in both Yiddish and Hebrew

1897: In Special Sessions Court, “Nathan Straus pleaded not guilty” this morning “in the case brought by the Board of Health charging him with selling “impure milk.”  Straus has been providing sterilized and modified milk products through conveniently located distribution centers to the primarily immigrant population of the Lower East Side; a program he subsidizes which has demonstrably lowered the infant and child mortality rate in New York.

1899: “Max Regis, the former Mayor of Algiers and a notorious Jew baiter” fled from his villa which was just outside of town in which he and his fellow anti-Semites “had been barricaded for some days” because they feared arrest by the government.

1901(9thof Tishrei, 5662): Eight days after Vice President Teddy Roosevelt was sworn in as President following the death of William McKinley, Jews prepare to hear Kol Nidre

1901(9thof Tishrei, 5662): Sixty-two year old attorney and economist Simon Sterne passed away today in New York City.

1902:  Birthdate of Academy award winning actor John Houseman.  Born Jacques Haussman in Bucharest to a Jewish father and English mother, Houseman was known to one generation as the law school professor Charles Kingsfield in “The Paper Chase.” But to an earlier generation he was the producer of Orson Well’s radio masterpiece, War of the Worlds.

1902(20thof Elul, 5662): Eighty year Solomon Cohn who began served a rabbi in Berlin from 1876 to 1894 when he retired and moved to Breslau where he passed away today.

1903(1st of Tishrei, 5664): Rosh Hashanah

1905: The Jewish Chronicle reported that Aria College, in Portsmouth which had been founded Lewis Aria has closed for lack of funds.

1906(3rd of Tishrei, 5667): Shabbat Shuvah; the fast is delayed 24 hours

1909: Jews were forced to leave Arabia (Yemen) to avoid being forced to convert to Islam.

1910: Announcement of the death of Lady Louisa de Rothschild widow of Sir Anthony de Rothschild upon whom a barony had been conferred by Sir Robert Peel in 1847. Sir Anthony passed away in 1876. Lady Louisa was known as “Lady Bountiful” because of her charitable works among the less fortunate Jews. Her fame as a gracious hostess is attested to by the fact that the Prince of Wales learned of the death of Napoleon III while visiting her summer home, Aston Clinton, in 1873.

1911: In New South Wales, Bertram Jacobs is appointed lecturer on Law at UniversityCollege.

1911: New laws drafted for the governing of the Jewish community of Frankfort include the innovate provision that “women who pay communal tax and the wives of tax-payers are eligible for election to the governing council.”

1911: The German Emperor confers the Order of Red Eagle, Third Class on Dr. Albert Moses, the German legal scholar who helped draft Japan’s Meiji Constitution.

1914(2ndof Tishrei, 5675): 2nd day of Rosh Hashanah

1914: In Chicago, as World War stretches into its third month, “it is estimated that more than 100,000 Orthodox Jews gathered in synagogues today in observance of the second day of Rosh Hashanah” thousands of whom were praying “for relatives who are engaged in the battles now being waged.”

1915: Birthdate of Professor Samuel Edward Finer, the son Romanian Jewish immigrants, who became one the United Kingdom’s leading historians and political scientist.

1916: Rabbis in Palestinedeclare that all Jews should not fast on Yom Kippur, but eat due to the epidemics which were rampant.

1916: The funeral of Adolf Deiches is scheduled to take place this morning at Temple Rodeph Shalom at 63rd and Lexington.

1916: The funeral of Lena Gunther, the widow of Isaac Gunther, who was a member of Deborah Verein No.1 and Henrietta Verein, is scheduled to be held at Mt. Nebo Cemetery in Brooklyn.

1916: A memoriam published today marked the 15th anniversary, on the English calendar of Simon Sterne “In reverent memory of Simon Sterne, passed away Sept. 22, 1901.  His engaging personality, dignity, great knowledge and modesty made contact with him a privilege.”

1918: The Jewish Legion, which was part of the British Army under General Allenby, dislodged Turkish army units from their entrenched position at Umm esh-Shert Ford on the Jordan River.  This is the same ford where Joshua crossed with the Israelites in Biblical times.  As we said when we began our studies last year, Jewish History covers an unbelievably long span of time.  More importantly, when Jews tread the land of Israel they are truly treading on the land of their ancestors.

1918: Birthdate of Henryk Szeryng, the Polish born Mexican violinist who served as a liaison officer and interpreter during WW II at the request of General Sikorksi, the Prime Minister of the Polish Government in Exile.

1920(10thof Tishrei, 5681): Yom Kippur is observed for the last time during the Presidency of Woodrow Wilson

1921: Birthdate of Wolf William Eisenberg who gained fame as cartoonist William Elder, one of those who helped created “Mad” magazine.

1921:Gdud HaAvoda VeHaHaganah al shem Yosef Trumpeldor (the Joseph Trumpeldor Work and Defense Battalion) known simply Gdud HaAvod established kibbutz Ein Harod today.

1922(29thof Elul, 5682): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1922: In Brooklyn, Rebecca Schwartz and David Sive gave birth to David Sive who was one of the earliest practitioners of “Environmental Law.” (As reported by Margalit Fox)

1922: In “Palestine Land of Promise,” published today  Maurice Harris, the Rabbi at Temple Israel in NYC, provides an eyewitness account of how the land and people of Palestine have benefited from Zionist programs based on his recent visit to Eretz Israel.

1924: Birthdate of Gerald Schoenfeld who became chairman of the powerful Shubert Organization, the largest and most important theater owner on Broadway and in the United States.

1924: In the Soviet Union, Chjekists (secret police) rounded up all known Zionists. Over thirty thousand were arrested and the Zionist organization was forced to move underground. This determined drive to destroy the Zionist was driven by a variety of motives.  One had to do with the Communists' fear of competing political groups and ideologies.  Another had to do with anti-Semitism some of which one might say was endemic to Russians and some of which was a manifestation of self-loathing on the part of Jews who had bought into the Communist ideology.

1927(25thof Elul, 5687): Sixty year old Rudolph Grossman, who had served as associate Rabbi of Temple Beth-El until 1896 when he became rabbi at Rodef Sholom passed away today.

1928: Today, in Massena, New York,  two days before Yom Kippur, four-year-old Barbara Griffiths went for a walk and did not come back home. After a long search by townspeople and state police, a rumor began to circulate that the girl had been kidnapped and killed by the town's Jews for a religious ritual associated with the impending holiday. This was the opening event in what would be called the Massena Blood Libel.

1929: Today marks the thirtieth day since a group of Jews were killed in Jerusalem by Arabs.  The level of danger felt by the Jewish community is so great that the Jews have “abandoned their age old ritual for the dead” and not publicly taken note of the Shloshim.

1929: In what can only be described as a unique form of British even-handedness, the Mandatory government informed “Jews who protested against the erection of a Moslem religious school at the Wailing Wall that a fully sanctioned permit had been granted to the Arabs by the government.” 

1931: Birthdate of cinematographer Isidor Mankofsky, the son of Russian-Jewish immigrants who used the name “Bill Mann” while doing some of his filming for the Encyclopedia Britannica “on the advice of a producer who warned him of anti-Jewish bias.”

1933(2nd of Tishrei, 5694): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1933: German Jews are banned from the fields of journalism, art, literature, music, broadcasting, and theater.

1939: Joint victory parade of Wehrmacht and Red Army in Brest-Litovsk at the end of the Invasion of Poland.

1941(1st of Tishrei, 5702): Rosh Hashanah

1941:  This day saw the beginning of a new intensity in the murder of the Jewish people. In Vinnitsa, Ukranian militia, trained by the SS, killed an estimated 23,000 Jews. Sweeping through town on horseback, soldiers wielded swords to chop down innocents. The Ukrainians were willing participants in the murder of the Jews.  The Holocaust was possible, in part, because of the willing participation of non-Germans in the Final Solution.  An additional 4,000 Jews in Ejszyszki were slaughtered.

1941: Nearly 500 Jews escaped from Ejszyszki, Lithuania, after being alerted to an impending Nazi sweep

1941: All Jews of Litin, Ukraine, are murdered.

1941: Sculptor Louise Nevelson's first one-woman show opened at the Nierendorf Gallery

1942: The Jewish ghetto in Czestochowa, Poland, is liquidated; 40,000 residents are transported to the Treblinka death camp and killed.

1942: The leading French Protestant, Pastor Marc Boegner, publicly protests the Jewish deportations. He personally attempts to convince VichyFrancePremier Pierre Laval to end the roundups of Jewish children. After Boegner offers to have the children adopted, Lavaltells him that "not one of them must remain in France."

1943: The Germans announce through their puppet Greek press that all Jews have only five days to register their names, or face a penalty of death. Christians were told if they hide Jews they would be shot.

1943(22nd of Elul, 5703): Forty Jews hiding in forests near Koniecpol, Poland, are attacked by Poles. Many of the Jews are killed.

1943: The Baltimore Sun reported Nazi “Slayings Near 250,000,"

1943: Wilhelm Kube, the Generalkommissarof Belorussia, is assassinated by a bomb placed beneath his bed by a Soviet partisan who had been assigned to work as his maid.

1944: During WW II the Red Army enters Tallinn, Estonia.  Before the war Tallin had been home to a vibrant Jewish community of about 2,300 people. The liberation of Estonia from the Nazis  by the Soviets meant an end to the Holocaust, it was not much of any improvement for the Jews since the Estonia became a puppet state of the U.S.S.R. implementing the anti-Jewish policies of larger neighbor to the east.

1945(15th of Tishrei, 5706):  Sukkoth is observed for the first time during the Presidency of Harry S. Truman

1945: U.S. premiere of “Rhapsody in Blue,” “a fictionalized biography of George Gershwin.

1945(15th of Tishrei, 5706): Chief Judge Irving Lehman of the New York State Court of Appeals passed way early this morning at the age of 69.  . He had been a member of the State's judiciary for thirty-seven years. Lehman was the older brother of Herbert Lehman, former Governor of New York who is currently serving as the Director of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Judge Lehman was born in New York in 1876, the son of two transplanted Alabama Jews.  He earned a Bachelor’s degree from Columbia in 1896 where he also earned a Master Degree and a Law Degree. He was in private practice until 1908 when he was first elected to the State Supreme Court.  He was elected Chief Judge of the New York State Court of Appeals in 1939. He was respected for his ability to make the law “a living force subject to change and development” as well as his “ability to slash through legal verbiage and get to the heart of complex commercial and financial problems. A philanthropist, Lehman was actively involved with several Jewish organizations including the Young Men’s Hebrew Association an Temple Emanu-El both of which he led as President.


1946(26th of Elul, 5706): One Jew was killed and both sides suffered other casualties when refugees on board the blockade runner Palmach battled a British naval boarding party off the northern coast of Palestine today. Off the coast of Haifa, the British boarding party used guns, gas and fire hoses to quell resistance from a boat load of Jewish “displaced persons” seeking to find a home in Eretz Israel.

1946:Congregation Beth-El Synagogue was dedicated today at St. Johnsbury, Vermont

1946: In Camden, NJ, Beth-El held a memorial service for Rabbi Amoff who was killed in an army truck accident following his discharge at Fort Kilmer.  During WW II, he served as a chaplain in the U.S. Army

1947: Secretary of State George Marshall instructed the American U.N. delegation to refrain from supporting the UNSCOP majority report that included a recommendation for partition.

1949: Birthdate of Larisa Bergen, the native of Kazakhstan who won silver medal in volleyball at the 1976 Olympics.

1951: Reuven Shiloah, special Israeli Government counselor left Paris for Washington where he is scheduled discuss the latest peace proposal and other developments in the Middle East with representatives of the U.S. State Department.

1951: Unidentified authorities at the highest level of the Israeli government reveal that Israel “is willing to compensate Arab refugees for property that they behind when fled, and in addition, is willing to make contributions for the resettlement of Arab refugees.” Until now, the Israeli government has refused to take responsibility for the plight of the refugees because the Arabs caused the problem when they invaded the Jewish state.  At the same time, Israel feels that consideration should be given for the expense born by Israel in re-settling Jewish refugees from Arab countries, especially the 100,000 who had left Iraq.  The Israelis want their bank accounts, which are valued at between 30,000,000 to 40,000,000 pounds, unblocked. 

1952: Isser Harel named head of Mossad.

1954: New York Premiere of the Billy Wilder hit comedy “Sabrina”

1957:American author and screenwriter Robert Katz, the son of Sidney and Helen Katz, married Beverly Gerstel today. Katz wrote Death in Rome  in “which he blamed Pope Pius XII for the massacre of 335 Romans and 70 Jews at the Ardeatine Caves in 1944.”

1960(1stof Tishrei, 5721): As the race between Nixon and Kennedy for the White House heats up, Jews observe the first day of Rosh Hashanah

1960(1s of Tishrei, 5721): Seventy-eight year old psychoanalyst Melanie Klein passed away in London.

1964: "Fiddler on the Roof" opened on Broadway.  It would run for 3,242 performances

1969(10th of Tishrei, 5730): As the war in Viet Nam rages on, Jews observe Yom Kippur

1977(10thof Tishrei, 5738): In the first year of Jimmy Carter’s presidency, Jews observe Yom Kippur

1978: Aharon Barak began his service as a Justice on the Supreme Court of Israel

1982: NBC broadcast the first episode of “Family Ties,” the sitcom created by Gary David Goldberg.

1983(15thof Tishrei, 5744): Sukkoth

1984: Israeli political leader Avraham Hirschson and his wife gave birth to their youngest son Barak.

1989 (22nd of Elul, 5749): Composer Irving Berlin passed away at the age of 101. Berlin had composed a myriad of tunes that defined Americain its most optimistic, flag-waving form. Only in America could a Russian Jewish immigrant compose two of the most popular Christmas and Easter songs.

 
1996(9th of Tishrei, 5757): Erev Yom Kippur

1996: Robert Kraft, owner of the New England Patriots, had asked that the kickoff tonight’s game between the Patriots and the Jacksonville Jaguars be changed to avoid a conflict with Yom Kippur, which started at sundown that evening. Kraft requested the change so Jews, including himself and his family, could see the entire game before the start of Kol Nidre services that night.

1997 (20th of Elul, 5757):Nedim Yahya, a committee member of the Quincentennial Foundation passed away. The Quincentennial Foundation was established in 1989 by a group of 113 Turkish citizens, Jews and Moslems alike. Founded  in Istanbul the Quincentennial Foundation planned a three-year (1990 - 1992) cultural and academic program both within Turkey and abroad mainly in the U.S, Canada and Mexico on the American continent; France, United Kingdom and Italy in Europe designed to celebratethe five hundredth anniversary of the most gracious welcome of Sephardim to Turkish lands” in 1492.

1997: In “A Traveler in the realm of the Mind” published today, Jason Cowley provides a portrait of George Steiner.

 2001 (5th of Tishrei, 5762):  Violinist Isaac Stern passed away.  Born in 1920, Stern is part of a long list of Jewish violin greats.

2002: Today Theatre Garden presented “Lady of Cooper”  a play written by Jonathan Goldstein and his sister Dana Leslie Goldstein that tells the story of the arrival of the Statute of Liberty in New York including the role of Emma Lazarus who wrote the famous poem at the statute’s base.
2002:The New York Times included reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including Blue Latitudes: Boldly Going Where Captain Cook Has Gone Beforeby Tony Horwitz, Sloan-Kettering: Poems by Abba Kovner; Translated by Eddie Levenston, The Ideas That Conquered The World: Peace, Democracy, and Free Markets in the Twenty-First Centuryby Michael Mandelbaum, Bad Boy Ballmer: The Man Who Rules Microsoft by Fredric Alan Maxwell and Description: !The Prints of Roy Lichtenstein: A Catalogue Raisonné 1948-1997by Mary Lee Corlett and Ruth E. Fine

2004(7thof Tishrei, 5765): Terrorists from Al-Aqsa Brigades claimed responsibility for the bombing at French Hill, Jerusalem that claimed the lives of two people.

2005:  At the same time when the world is mourning the death of Nazi-hunter Simon Wiesenthal, the world was given a graphic reminder of the Holocaust. The Jerusalem Post reported that workers at a US Army airfield near Stuttgart, Germanyhave uncovered a World War II-era grave believed to contain the bodies of Jewish slave laborers used by the Nazis. Authorities are now trying to determine the identities of the bodies and are looking for possible witnesses as they look into the case. The dead would have worked at Hailfingen. It was one of more than 50 sub-camps in the extensive subsystem of the Natzweiler-Struthof camp where Jewish prisoners were to repair the runway of the old Echterdingen airfield for German aircraft, which were flying night raids. According to information available now, there were approximately 600 Jewish inmates at Hailfingen.  Of these, as many as 400 were reported to have died there.  While the camp did contain a gas chamber, most of the prisoners died from lengthy exposure to the bitter winter as they were literally worked to death.

2005:In a move that sets it apart from most, if not all Catholic colleges and universities, Boston College launched “a program that allows student to minor in Jewish Studies.”  Go Eagles!

2005:  Kalman Feinberg won the Great Shofar Blast Off sponsored by the National Jewish Outreach Program.

2005: The “IDF finished evacuating four settlement in the Northern West Bank

2005:During a meeting in Jerusalem, Rabbi Bretton-Granatoor, along with other Jewish leaders, questioned Rev. Dr. Naim Ateek, Director of the Sabeel Ecumenical Liberation Theology Center, about his position on Israel's legitimate right to exist, citing quotations from his book, Justice and Only Justice: A Palestinian Theology of Liberation (1989), in which he wrote, "It has taken me years to accept the establishment of the state of Israel and its need – although not its right – to exist. ""We read to him several quotations from his sermons and writings that we believed denied the legitimate right of the Jewish people to live in their land, and echoed medieval anti-Semitic canards," Rabbi Bretton-Granatoor said.  "He affirmed that he continues to support the suggestion

2006(29th of Elul, 5766): Erev Rosh Hashanah

2006: As can be seen from Libby Copeland’s column in the Washington Post, entitled “For Sen. Allen, Questions of More Than Faith,” the issue of who is a Jew and who is not a Jew and how they respond to it is becoming a regular phenomena in American politics.  The issue is often not just whether but when a candidate discovered the Jewish connection.  John Kerry discovered Jewish grandparents.  Howard Dean is married to a Jew, something he always knew and never hid.  Dennis Kucinich and Hillary Clinton appeared to have stretched the envelope.  He is dating a Jew and she has discovered a Jewish step-grandfather. Wesley Clark discovered his Jewish lineage during his abortive 2004 quest for the Presidency and Madeline Albright, who is not running for anything discovered that her family was Jewish until it fled totalitarian Europe.  Post columnist Charles Krauthammer puts things in their proper, if tragic perspective.  These public figures were not told about their Jewish heritage because the family members wanted to spare them the pain and suffering that was all too often the reality of being Jewish whether it was Sen. Allen’s grandfather being imprisoned in Algeria or Madeline Albright’s family fleeing the Nazis. The question is not why did Sen. Allen react the way he did; the question is what kind of people made being Jewish such a fearful thing.

2007(10th of Tishrei, 5768): Yom Kippur

2007: Gabe Carmi, a standout offensive guard for the University of Wisconsin football team fasted today even though his Badgers were facing the University of Iowa in their first Big Ten game of the season. Carmi did not break his fast until an hour before the game began. The reward for doing a mitzvah is doing the mitzvah, but in this case it did not hurt the Wisconsin won the game and kept the Heartland Trophy in Madison.

2007(10th of Tishrei, 5768): While in Atlanta for a concert with Elvis Costello and Amos Lee, Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman) reportedly attend the Chabad-Lubavitch of Georgia’s Yom Kippur services where he was up to the Torah and recited the blessings in Hebrew.

2007(10th of Tishrei, 5768): Marcel Marceau, the famous mime and Holocaust survivor passed away on Yom Kippur at the age of 84.
 
2007: An exhibition honoring Yiddish theatre legend - and Milk and Honey star - Molly Picon being held in the Vincent Astor Gallery of the New York Library of Performing Arts comes to an end.

2007: As a sign of worsening economic conditions, Gottschalks closed its store in Tacoma Highlands. This was part of the tragic end of a West Coast department store chain that had been started by German Jewish immigrant Emil Gottschalk in 1904.

2008 (22 Elul): Yarthzeit of Joseph B. Levin, who among other accomplishments was a father who raised sons who not only knew how to recite the Kaddish, but whom he knew would rise to say Kaddish.  There is real irony that his Yarthzeit comes at the time when the American financial system is crashing in chaos.  As an attorney with the S.E.C., he spent two decades of his life enforcing the laws designed to prevent what we are experiencing today.

2008: Han Drogt, a Dutch policeman who joined the resistance movement after being ordered to round up Jews posthumously receives Israel's highest honor for people who rescued Jews from the Holocaust. His bravery became known thanks to the efforts of an El Al pilot who heard the story from the hero's son. Drogt, who was executed by the Nazis in 1944, was already recognized as a hero by former U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower, Britain and the Netherlands for his role in rescuing Allied pilots who ejected over occupied Holland. But Israel had never acknowledged the circumstances in which Drogt joined the resistance. His son will receive the honor naming his father Righteous Among the Nations in a formal ceremony in Jerusalem at Yad Vashem, the Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes Remembrance Authority. Drogt, who was not Jewish, defected in 1943 with his rifle after receiving orders to arrest the remaining Jews in the Groningen area in northern Holland, where he served in the ranks of the Marechaussee, the military police. Some of his comrades who also refused the order were arrested, and later honored by Yad Vashem for their actions. Drogt's name was omitted from the list submitted to the Commission for the Designation of the Righteous, because he had managed to escape. It took another 20 years and the unexpected help of an El Al pilot to complete the picture. The pilot met the son, Henk Brink, a few years ago in South Africa. He also told Yad Vashem about it, but wasn’t sure they'd name him Righteous among the Nations. Drogt, 23 at the time of his arrest, was planning to marry his pregnant girlfriend. She gave birth to Brink, the son, one month after Drogt's arrest.

2009: The Capitol Hill Village sponsors a reading and discussion with journalist Ariel Sabar, author of “My Father's Paradise: A Son's Search for His Jewish Past in Kurdish Iraq,” at the Southeast Neighborhood Library in Washington, D.C.

2009: In Washington, D.C., the Hadassah Attorneys' Council hosts a Brown Bag Lunch Conversation with Rabbi Avis Miller about "Fortune, Family and Faith” during which Rabbi Miller explores the High Holiday liturgy to see what these sacred texts teach us about the work/life balance. 

2009: While all three are in New York to attend sessions of the UN General Assembly Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu is scheduled to meet with President Barak Obama and Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas today in an attempt to re-open peace negotiations.

2009(4thof Tishrei, 5770): Ninety-eight year old Rose Friedman, the wife and collaborator of Milton Friedman, who was a noted free-market economist in her own right, passed away today.  (As reported by Bruce Weber)

2010(14th of Tishrei, 5771): Erev Sukkoth

2010(14thof Tishrei, 5771): Crooner Eddie Fisher passed away at the age of 82.

2010: it was reported today that Mark Zuckerberg had arranged to donate $100 million to Newark Public Schools, the public school system of Newark, New Jersey

2011: A daylong conference, sponsored by the Hudson Institute and Touro College and titled “The Perils of Global Intolerance: the United Nations and Durban III” is scheduled to be held today. The conference which will feature a presentation by Nobel Peace Prize Laureate and Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel, seeks to debunk a Durban process which critics say is riddled with hatred and intolerance.

2011: New York was the scene of an anti-Semitic triple header - Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan took turns bashing Israel at the United Nations General Assembly while representatives of Iran, Cuba and Lebanon blasted Israel at the Durban Review Conference at the United Nations

2012(6thof Tishrei, 5773): Shabbat Shuvah

2012(6thof Tishrei, 5773): Ninety-nine year old Irving Adler, “a former New York City teacher who became a prolific writer of books on math and science for young people after being forced from the classroom during the Red Scare of the early 1950s” passed away today. (As reported by Dennis Hevesi)

2012: The commander of Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), Gen. Mohammad Ali Jafari, said  that war with Israel will “eventually happen,” and that the Islamic Republic would “destroy the Jewish state.”

2012: If Team Israel has won its first two games, it will be scheduled to play again today in the World Baseball Classic.

2012: The 92nd Street Y is scheduled to “celebrate the sweetness of the New Year” with its annual Rosh Hashanah Dance Marathon.

2012: Daylight Saving Time ended tonight, as dozens of Meretz activists protested in Tel Aviv’s Rabin Square and in front of Interior Minister Eli Yishai’s Jerusalem home.

2013: “Pop” Lubin’s Silent Film Empire is scheduled to open today at the National Museum of American Jewish History.

2013: Sally Oren is scheduled to address the open meeting of the Greater Washington Chapter of Hadassah.

2013: The Wiener Library for the Study of the Holocaust & Genocide is schedule to host its annual Open House, in London, UK.

2013: The New York Times features reviews of books by Jewish authors or of special interest to Jewish readers including The American Way of Poverty by Sasha Abramsky, Wilson by Scott Berg, and The Girl: A Life in the Shadow of Roman Polansky by Samantha Geimer, Lawrence Silver and Judith Newman

2013: The semiannual mass priestly benediction service — or Birkat Kohanim -- took place this morning at the Western Wall. Tens of thousands of Jewish worshippers crowded the plaza to receive the blessing from the Kohanim, descendants of Aaron who make up the priestly caste. Both new chief rabbis, David Lau and Yitzhak Yosef, participated as well. (As reported by Lazar Berman)

2013: Today, Israeli forces werehelping Kenyan officials end a deadly siege at the Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi, where al-Qaeda-linked terrorists have been holed up for a day with some 30 hostages. (As reported by Gavriel Fiske)
2013(18th of Tishrei, 5774: Twenty year old Gabriel (Gal) Kobi, an IDF soldier from Tirat Hacarmel died of wounds he suffered when a sniper shot him in Hebron.

2014: “Jewish student groups are planning protests against Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas at a speech” he is scheduled to give tonight in New York “hosted by Cooper Union in cooperation with Churches for Middle East Peace.” (As reported by Rachel Delia Benaim)

2014: A photo exhibition, “Jewish Refugees in Cyprus En Route to Israel” is scheduled to open at the Same and Esther Minskoff Cultural Center in New York City.

2014: Fiftieth anniversary of the Broadway premiere “Fiddler on the Roof.”

 

This Day, September 23, In Jewish History by Mitchell A. Levin

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September 23


484 BCE:  Birthdate of the very influential Greek playwright Euripides. Wherever Greek culture spread, writers attempted to create drama in the manner of Euripides.  During the time of Hellenization of the Jews, a Jewish playwright by the name of Ezekiel re-wrote Exodus as a Greek tragedy.  Written in Greek, it was in the style of Euripides and presents the story of Exodus slightly differently.  Here Moses not only was educated in the Jewish traditions, but had a wide range of knowledge of Egyptian spiritualist wisdom.  A central part of the Pagan Mysteries was a Pagan god-man, mortal yet immortal, god yet man.  One who died yet was resurrected, a figure that often came to save mankind and offered spiritual teachings.  If the Jews could Hellenize Exodus into a Greek tragedy, might a Hebrew version of Euripides'The Bacchae be far off?

63 BCE: Birthdate of Octavian who would reign as Caesar Augustus from 27 BCE to 14 CE. Augustus continued to follow the comparatively benign policies of his great-uncle Julius Caesar in dealing with the Jews.  He allowed Herod to rule a Kingdom of Judea.  Augustus was not blind to Herod’s moral shortcomings.  Combining his knowledge of Jewish dietary laws with Herod’s murderous treatment of his family, Augustus was reported to say that he would rather have been Herod’s pig than Herod’s son.  When Herod died, Augustus turned Judea into a province but he instructed the governors not to do anything that would be offensive to the Jewish population such as parading the Roman Eagle through the streets of Jerusalem.  He also sought to protect the rights of Jews living throughout the Empire including offering imperial protection for synagogues and exempting Jews from court appearance on Shabbat. Considering the track record of his successors, Augustus would be looked upon as a “good Roman Emperor.”

1122: Signing of the Concordat of Worms. It was an agreement between Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V that brought to an end the first phase of the power struggle between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Emperors. The Jews of Worms may have had a special affection for Calixtus II. In 1120, he had issued Sicut Judaeis, a Papal Bull that reiterated the Church’s protection of the Jews in the wake of the persecutions of the first Crusade. The Jewish community of Worms had been wiped out by Crusaders traveling to the Holy Land during the First Crusade.  Unfortunately, Christians ignored the words of the bull since the community was again slaughtered during the Second Crusade.

1529:Siege of Vienna begins as Suleiman II begins his attack on the city. The Siege of Vienna of 1529, as distinct from the Battle of Vienna in 1683, represented the farthest Westward advance into Central Europe of the Ottoman Empire, and of all the clashes between the armies of Christianity and Islam might be signaled as the battle that finally stemmed the previously-unstoppable Turkish forces (though they continued their conquest of the Austrian-controlled parts of Hungary afterwards).

1658(2ndof Tishrei): Nathaniel, son of Benjamin, son of Azriel Trabotti who was born in 1576 passed away today in Modena.

1672: The Cossacks captured Satanow, Poland, one of the few Polish towns to have escaped harm until this date.  The Jewish populations would suffer accordingly.

1720: In New York, Jacob and Abigal Franks gave birth to their youngest son, David who would side with the British during the American Revolution.As a young man, he moved to Philadelphia, where he became a successful merchant, engaging in land speculation, shipping, and fur trading; he was also a member of the Congregation Mikveh Israel. He was elected a member of the provincial assembly in 1748. Franks, with his wife Margaret Evans a member of one of Philadelphia's Christian families, was socially prominent in the city. During the French and Indian War, he was engaged by the government to supply the army with provisions. In 1755, upon the defeat of General Braddock, he helped to raise a fund of £5,000 for the further defense of the colony. He signed the Non-Importation Resolution of 1765, but eventually his loyalist tendencies won over. During the revolution, he was the king's agent for Pennsylvania. Perceived as a threat to the security of the United States, he was jailed briefly in 1778 by order of Congress, and then imprisoned again in 1780. He for a time owned and inhabited Woodford, a mansion in Germantown, now a National Historic Landmark. His nephew, Col. David Salisbury Franks, a revolutionary who served as aide to Benedict Arnold, came under further suspicion because of his relationship with his loyalist uncle. He died in October, 1794 in the United Kingdom

1726: The torture of António José da Silva “a Portuguese-Brazilian dramatist, known as "the Jew" (O Judeu)” intensified.  Eventually he confessed to having followed Jewish practices, a confession that saved his life.

1776(10th of Tishrei, 5537): Yom Kippur – American Jews fast for the first time as citizens of the newly independent United States

1786(1stof Tishrei, 5547): Rosh Hashanah

1795(10thof Tishrei, 5556): As the Russians, Prussians and Austrians negotiate the treaty that will result in the third and final partition of Poland, Jews observe Yom Kippur
1820(15thof Tishrei, 5581): For the first time during the reign of King George IV of the UK, Jews observe Sukkoth

1828(15thof Tishrei, 5589): Sukkoth is observed for the last time during the Presidency of John Q. Adams.

1837 (13 Tishrei, 5598): On the secular calendar Rabbi Akiva Eiger of Posen passed away.   Born in 1761, he was a renowned scholar and leading Talmudist.  He was also a leading opponent of the Reform movement sweeping across German, one of the leading Talmudists in the first half of the nineteenth century. His devotion to the sick during a cholera epidemic earned him the recognition of Frederick William III     Rabbi Akiva Eiger not only taught Torah, he lived it as well.  It was his custom to invite poor people to his Seder and treat them as honored guests and not mendicants.  According to one story, a guest once accidentally spilled a cup of wine on the new white Pesach tablecloth.  Seeing how embarrassed the poor man was, the Rabbi quickly knocked over his own cup and then announced, "It seems that the table is not very steady. He interpreted many parts of the liturgy and the Torah as warnings against false leaders - a topic of great importance to him given what was happening in Germanyduring his life time.

1837: Birthdate of Russian Jew Joseph Rabinowitz.

1839(15thof Tishrei, 5600): Sukkoth

1842:Caroline A. Carvalho and Emanuel Nunes Carvalho gave birth to David Nunes Carvalho

1844(10thof Tishrei, 5605); Yom Kippur is observed for the last time during the Presidency of John Tyler, the first Vice President to become President following the death of the President.

1845: In New York, Abigail and Asher Kursheedt gave birth to Frederick Adolph Kursheedt.

1854(1stof Tishrei, 5615): Rosh Hashanah

1854: In Cleveland, Ohio, the Marshall arrested two men named Cohen and Freehart for stealing valuable silks from several stores.  Both of them have been identified as English Jews.

1860(7thof Tishrei, 5621): Caroline Steckler, the second wife of California merchant Charles Steckler passed away today.

1863(10th of Tishrei, 5624): Yom Kippur

1863:  Rabbi Samuel M. Isaacs delivered the Yom Kippur sermon at the synagogue on Wooster Street in NYC.

1863: Rabbi Jacob M. Raphall gave the Yom Kippur sermon at the Greene Street Synagogue in NYC

1863: Rabbi Samuel Adler delivered the Yom Kippur Sermon at Temple Emanu-El on 12thstreet in NYC.

1863: Rabbi J.J. Lyons delivered the Yom Kippur Sermon at the Nineteenth Street Synagouge.

1863: An article styled "Local Intelligence...The Yom Kippur" published today reported that

Last night commenced the most solemn festival known to the Jewish faith -- the Yom Kippur, or Day of Atonement. From the most ancient down to the present time, it has been religiously and strictly observed by them and the Solemn warrant for its celebration is found in Leviticus, xvi., 29, where Moses, by the express command of God, designates the formula the festival. The great fast of 24 hours duration, there prescribed, commenced last evening at sunset, and will continue until sundown to-day. This morning all the synagogues in the City will be thronged with worshippers. every orthodox Jew deeming it absolutely indispensable to go this day at least, if upon no other in the year, to the conventicle of his people, and with full confession, make solemn and earnest atonement for his sins during the past twelvemonth. This, too, is the only day on which, according to the ancient rite in Judea, even the high priest dared to enter the "holy of holies,'' the inner sanctuary of the temple.”

1864:Hebrew congregation Shaaray Tefila, which for fourteen years past has occupied a house of worship in Wooster-street, dedicated a new synagogue this afternoon with the usual ceremonies of the Jewish ritual. The new edifice erected by this congregation is situated in Broadway, between Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth streets, and is in every way a suitable and comfortable building. The interior is fitted up with great taste and at considerable expense. The woodwork is grained in imitation oak. The altar, the ark and the veil are of beautiful workmanship, and elaborately ornamented with gold and silver bullion letters and embroidered. The service of dedication in the Hebrew church is very solemn and imposing. After the psalms had been chanted by an excellent German choir under direction of Mr. Woolf, and the prescribed passages of Scripture had been read, the priest and deacons carried the scrolls of the law, in procession, three times around the synagogue, finally depositing them in the ark. The services concluded with an impressive address by the Rev. S.M. Isaacs, minister of the congregation. The building was crowded by a large and attentive audience.”

1865: An association dedicated to building the first Jewish hospital in Philadelphia, PA was incorporated today.

1868:El Grito de Lares (The Cry of Lares), the first major revolt against Spanish rule and call for independence in Puerto Rico began today in Lares, Puerto Rico. Among the participants were Mathias Brugman and his son Hector who had formed a revolutionary committee code named: "Capa Prieto" (Black Cape). The revolt failed.  The Spanish executed the Jewish revolutionaries who had refused to surrender to the authorities. Mathias Brugman was the son Pierre Brugman and Isabel Duliebre, two Dutch Jews who met and married in New Orleans where they raised their son. The family moved to Puerto Rico as part of the Spanish government’s attempt to get non-Hispanics to settle on the island.  Brugman’s participation in the revolution was a product of his setbacks as a coffee grower and disgust with the abusive rule Spanish rule.

1871: As France continues to wrestle with the aftermath of the Paris Commune, it was reported today that an unidentified Jew has been passing himself off as a destitute refugee when in fact he had several hundreds of thousands of francs in his possession.  This has led to speculation that he is working for the government as spy informing the authorities of the activities of the communists.

1873(2nd of Tishrei, 5634): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1875: Leyser Lazarus began serving as president of the Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau. He succeeded the legendary Zacharias Frankel who had passed earlier in the year.

1876:Birthdate of Moshe Zvi Segal

1881(29th of Elul, 5641): Erev Rosh Hashahnah

1881: “The Jewish New Year” published today described the upcoming Jewish holiday season that begins with the start of “Rosh Hashono” this evening.  Business will be almost entirely suspended among the Jewish community during these holidays; all will united in welcoming the new year in a becoming manner.”

1881: “Mourning For The Dead” published today described various plans to honor the late President Garefield including the plans of the “Young Men’s Hebrew Association to hold a memorial meeting in honor of the late President.”

1882(10th of Tishrei, 5643): Yom Kippur

1882: “The Fast of Yom Kippur” published today describes the importance of what “is regarded as the holiest day in the year.”  While for most Jews “neither food nor drink of any kind is allowed to pass” their lips, “among Reformed Jews the fast is not so strictly kept.”

1883: A Jew named Henry Stern was reported today to have “swindled several persons at Asbury, NJ” including the cashier at the National Banking Company of Freehold and the owner of Patterson’s Opera House whom he convinced to cash fraudulent checks, one for $100 and the other for $80.(Obviously there has been a change in the idea of what constitutes a newsworthy financial crime in the last 100 years.)

1883: Mrs. P. J. Joachaimsen was elected today to serve as President of the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society in New York City.

1883: “The Late Leon Halevy” published today, relying on information that first appeared in the Paris American Register described the death and career of the Leon Halevy, the son of playwright and novelist Ludvoic Halevy.

1884: In New York City, the family of Sarah Schuer received telegrams that had been sent the young bride and her new husband, Henry C. Friedman from Saratoga saying that they were on their way to Niagara Falls. The couple had eloped last night and had gone to Saratoga to solemnize their marriage.  The bride is the 19 year old daughter of millionaire merchant Solomon Scheuer.  The 28 year old groom is a member of the New York Mining stock and National Petroleum Exchange.

1884(4th of Tishrei, 5645): Sixty-seven year old Hermann Edler von Zeissi, the Austrian dermatologist who became an authority on skin diseases and syphilis while work at the General Hospital in Vienna passed away today.

1887: Birthdate of Max Drob the Polish-born Rabbi with a most distinguished lineage, who became one of the major leaders of the Conservative Movement, "making it a bridge between the excesses of Reform and the rigidity of Orthodoxy."

1887: Justice White presided over an unusual child custody case to at the Harlem Police Court.  Mr. and Mrs. William Lee, an African American couple, and Mr. and Mrs. Hirsch Brodcki, a Jewish couple each claimed that a nine year old girl now known Annie is there daughter.  According to the Brodcki, their daughter disappeared three years ago.  According to the Whites the child was given them by an unwed African domestic whose father was a white. 

1887(5th of Tishrei, 5648): Sixty-eight year old Samuel Rossin, a resident of New York who was head of S. Rossin & Sons, a tobacco importing firm passed away today while visiting his daughter in the Adirondack Mountains.  A native of Bavaria who began his business in Toronto, he was a Director of the Home for Aged and Infirm Hebrews.

1888: “Jerusalem As  A Trade Center” published today relies on information that first appeared in the London Times to provide a snapshot of conditions in Palestine.  During the past year that in the past year exports from Jerusalem have exceeded imports, due in part to the good harvest in the area.  Two thirds of the goods that pass through Jaffa go on to Jerusalem which has become a market center for the Bedouins and villages farther to the east.  There has been a significant increase in the export of religious related art most of which goes to the United States and Europe.  While Jewish immigration has been limited by new Turkish regulations, the price of land has increased significantly due to the arrival of so many Jews from abroad.

1889: A United States Deputy Marshall brought a prisoner before Immigration Commissioner Hitchcock in New York who will probably be deported if he proves to Simon Baruch, the Jewish swindler who is charged by Austrian authorities with making off with the equivalent of $150,000.

1889:  Birthdate of Walter Lippmann.  Born in New York City, Lippmann was raised in comfortable circumstances by German-Jewish parents. A graduate of Harvard, Lippman began his career as a journalist.  During World War I he was both a captain in the Army (military intelligence) and Assistant Secretary of War.  Although his name is meaningless to many today, from the days of Woodrow Wilson through Lyndon Johnson, Lippmann was one America's leading journalists and political columnists.  During his the various stages of his career, Lippmann's writings were variously described as socialist, liberal and finally neo-conservative.  They were never characterized as being pro-Jewish.  He passed away in 1974. 

1890(9thof Tishrei, 5656): Erev Yom Kippur

1890: Anarchist Johann Most is scheduled to hold a mass meeting this evening at the Labor Lyceum on Myrtle Avenue for the purpose of mocking Yom Kippur and the Jewish religion.

1890: In Brooklyn, Captain Ennis of the 6th Precinct and 100 reserves to possession of the Labor Lyceum and locked the doors to prevent Anarchist Johann Most from delivering a speech attacking Yom Kippur using language that “very much shocked” Mayor Chapin

1890: A rabbi from a South Brooklyn congregation represented by Joel Krone will appear as plaintiff in a proceeding before the New York Supreme court seeking an injunction that will prevent Johann Most from holding a mass meeting tonight.  Speaking on behalf of Orthodox Jews, he is basing the request on the part of the Penal Code making “it a misdemeanor for person to assemble in such a manner as is adapted to disturb the public peace” and another section that defines “a public nuisance any act which annoys, injures or endangers the comfort, repose, health or safety of any consider number of persons.”

1890: Jews in New Rochelle, NY will close their stores today in preparation for the observance of Yom Kippur.

1892(23rdof Tishrei, 5653): 2nd Day of Rosh Hashanah

1892: Four women died and untold hundreds more were injured when a fire broke out today at 27 Ludlow Street, a tenement building meant to hold 200 hundred people but that was filled with over a thousand Jews who were worshipping with one of the five congregations that were using the building for Rosh Hashanah services.

1892: For the second day in a row, the Erie Street congregation of Russian Jews held services in the assembly room of the new Young Men’s Christian Association building despite the fact that there were two crosses on the front of the building.

1892: According to statements by his son who is a physician, Dr. Gustav Gottheil, the rabbi at New York’s Temple Emanu-El is very sick and may be suffering from typhoid fever.

1892: A fire broke out on Ludlow Street that left so many Jewish victims Jacob H. Schiff and the United Hebrew Charities would take a leading role in collecting funds to aid them.

1893: Three Hebrew Anarchists – Carol Feldman (editor of the Freie Arbiter Stimme), Bernard Packman and Arthur Press were arraigned in the Essex Market Police Court for their role in a small riot sparked by their Anti-Yom Kippur Demonstration.  Feldman was discharged but Press and Packman were each fined $10.

1893: Miss Clara Perry Thomas and David Solomon were married this evening by the rector of the Holy Trinity Episcopal Church in Harlem after she had gained his release from the Bloomingdale Asylum over the objections of his family.  They had asked Rabbi Maurice Harris of Temple Israel in Harlem but he refused.

1894: Birthdate of Benjamin V. Cohen, a member of the administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, had a public service career that spanned from the early New Deal through and beyond the Vietnam War era.  He passed away 1983.

1894: “In all the synagogues” in New York the prayers offered before “the ten penitential days” known as Selicoth were offered today.

1895: In Paterson, NJ, a Russian Cossack riding the parade of Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show attacked an 18 year old Jewish spectator, Bernard Benes, “severely lashing him” before being forced to stop several spectators.

1896: Clara, Baroness von Hirsch, widow of Baron Moritz von Hirsch, signs the first copy of her last will and testament.

1898: The Hebrew Infant Asylum of the City of New York was reported today to have purchased “a new home at 161st Street and Eagle Avenue” which it will soon be dedicating.

1899: Birthdate of Louise Nevelson, one of the most important American sculptors of the twentieth century

1899: Max Regis, the former Mayor Algiers and a notorious anti-Semite boarded a ship bound for Spain as he tries to escape from French authorities in North Africa who have arrested eight of his fellow anti-Semites.

1899: Three thousand Jews met tonight in Chicago where they heard Leon Zolotkoff who had been a delegate to the Congress at Basel, declare “Palestine will be secured to us and the Zionist will colonize it.  The movement is under way, and I believe it will be a success.”

1899: “Mark Twain and the Jews” published today takes issue with the humorist’s paper on the Jews that was published in Harper’s Magazine in which he says that “Jews constitute but one per cent of the human race.”  Reportedly there are seven million Jews in the world, meaning “they constitute less than one-half of l per cent” of the population. “Making due allowance for the number of Jews who conceal their religion Mark Twain’s estimate is twice as large as it should be.”

1901(10th of Tishrei, 5662): Yom Kippur takes on an extra solemnity as the nation mourns the recent death of President McKinley who died at the hands of an assassin.

1903(2nd of Tishrei, 5664): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1904: In Siauliai, Lithuania Nathan Menachem Schapiro and Fanny Adelman Schapiro gave birth to Meir Schapiro. When he came to the United States in 1907, a government worker at Ellis Island changed his name from Meir to Meyer. As Dr. Meyer Schapiro became a professor at Columbia University, a multi-disciplinary critic and historian, galvanic teacher, lifelong radical and a pre-eminent figure in the intellectual life of New York.

1907(15thof Tishrei, 5668): As a wave of foreign bank runs continue which will lead to the Panic of 1907 in the United States, Jews observe Sukkoth

1911(1st of Tishrei, 5672): Rosh Hashanah

1911: Arabs attacked Jewish worshipers in Jerusalemat the Western Wall on Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year. About 60 worshipers were injured.

1912: Anti-Jewish demonstrations took place in Sophia, Bulgaria in response to statements by the Chief Rabbi. Police were instructed to repress further disorders.

1914: In London, Baron Édouard Alphonse de Rothschild and his wife, the former Germaine Alice Halphen gave birth to Baroness Bethsabée de Rothschild

1914: “Peace Prayers in Chicago” published today described the prayerful response on Rosh Hashanah of the Jews in Chicago to the war raging in Europe.

1914: In Washington, “officials expressed the view that Russia’s reported modification of stringent regulations against the Jews because of their loyal to the Government in the present European war might pave the way for an understanding” that would lead to the signing of a new treaty of commerce and navigation between the two countries.”

1915(15thof Tishrei, 5676): As the French prepare to try and retake Champagne for a second time and Sukkoth and the British are fighting the Turks in Mesopotamia, the Jews observe Sukkoth.

1918: Five hundred British cavalrymen captured Haifaand then moved north and captured Acre, much to the joy of the Jews who must have sensed that each British victory brought the Balfour Declaration that much closer to implementation.

1919: Birthdate of Dr. Maurice M. Rapport, “a biochemist who helped isolate and name the neurotransmitter serotonin, which plays a role in regulating mood and mental states, and who first described its molecular structure, a development that led to the creation of a wide variety of psychiatric and other drugs..” (As reported by William Grimes)

1920: In Baghdad, Yaakov Ben and Gorgia Ovadia gave birth to Ovadia Yoset “the spiritual leader of the ultra-Orthodox Shas Party.” (As reported by Isabel Kershner)

1922(1stof Tishrei, 5683): Rosh Hashanah is observed for the last time during the Presidency of Warren G. Harding.
1926(15thof Tishrei, 5687): As Jews observe Sukkoth, Gene Tunney defeated Jack Dempsey to become world Heavyweight Champion

1927: U.S. Premiere of “Two Arabian Knights” an Oscar winning comedy directed by Lewis Mileston (Leib Milstein) and co-starring Louis Wolheim.

1928: An article entitled “Random Note on Summer Art Season in Paris,” describes the works of Ruben of Palestine whose works are on display at the Galerie Druet. His canvases capture secenes from Dan to Beersheba including paintings of the new towns (Tel Aviv) and old cities (Jerusalem, Safed and Jaffa.)

1928(9th of Tishrei, 5689): Erev Yom Kippur

1928: On the second day of the Massena (NY) Blood Libel, the state police questioned a Jew named Morris Goldberg about the disappearance of four year old Barbara Griffiths who had been reported missing yesterday.  Goldberg was lacking in any real knowledge about his religion and may have left the police with the impression “that there might be some truth to the rumors that Jews engage in ritual murder. The police then interrogated Berel Brennglass, the rabbi at Adath Israel Synagogue “When asked about the allegations of ritual murder, Brennglass told the police and the town's mayor, who was present, that they should be ashamed for asking such questions. He expressed outrage that people believed such lies in the United States in the 20th century.”  “Barbara Griffiths was found in the woods later that afternoon roughly a mile from her home. She told authorities she had become lost during her walk and slept in the forest. Nevertheless, some citizens of Massena continued to believe that Griffiths had been kidnapped by the Jews. They attributed her safe return to the discovery of the Jews' plot. The Massena blood libel drew national attention. Through the efforts of Rabbi Brennglass, the American Jewish Committee and the American Jewish Congress denounced the town's leaders, prompting apologies from the mayor and the state police to the rabbi, the town's Jews, and all Jews of the United States.In his apology, the mayor wrote:
In light of the solemn protest of my Jewish neighbors, I feel I ought to express clearly and unequivocally ... my sincere regret that by any act of commission or omission, I should have seemed to lend countenance ... to what I should have known to be a cruel libel imputing human sacrifice as a practice now or at any time in the history of the Jewish people.

1929: Judge William M. Lewis national chairman of the United Palestine Appeal, who has just returned from Palestine, addressed the Men’s Brotherhood of the First United Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia.  Judge Lewis expressed the belief that the turmoil was based in economics not religion. He told the attendees that “envy of Arab landowners” and not the Wailing Wall “is at the basis of the conflict between Arabs and Jews in Palestine…”  “’the real trouble in Palestine is with the Arab landowners who still work their ground under the old feudal system with primitive methods... The Jews have introduced modern machinery and working conditions with the result that the Arab workers have shown dissatisfaction with their lot.  Racial and religious hatred has been inflamed as a consequence.”

1930(1stof Tishrei, 5691): As the economy continues to spiral downward, Jews observe first Rosh Hashanah of the Great Depression.

1933(3rdof Tishrei, 5649): No fast since it is Shabbat Shuvah

1934: Outfielder Fred Sington made his major league debut with the Washington Senators.

1936 (7th of Tishrei, 5697) Meier Dizengoff, one of the founders of Tel Aviv and its first and only Mayor, passed away at the age of 75.  Born in a village in Bessarabia where he received a typical Cheder/Yeshiva based education, Dizengoff moved to Kishineff with his parents and it is there he further his secular education at State run school.  Dizengoff first went to Palestine in 1891 where he failed in an attempt to start a glass factory that was intended to provide bottles for wine grown in Eretz Israel. Dizengoff returned to Russia but left in 1905 when he made Aliyah.  Dizengoff was one of those seemingly mythic figures who stood on a stand dune in 1909 and turned it into a modern metropolis that numbered 100,000 citizens on the day he passed away.

1936:  A concentration camp opens at Sachsenhausen, Germany.

1937: The Palestine Post reported that Palestinian Arabs indicated that they would refuse to Commission on Palestine.

1938: Synagogues are burned to the ground in Cheb and Marienbad, ethnic-German towns in the Sudeten region of Czechoslovakia.

1938:Fritz Löhner-Beda was transferred to the Buchenwald concentration camp” where “together with his fellow prisoner Hermann Leopoldi, he composed the famous anthem of the concentration camp, Das Buchenwaldlied ("The Buchenwald Song"):

1939(10th of Tishrei, 5700): Yom Kippur

1939(10th of Tishrei, 5700): Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, died at the age of 83.


1939: On the Jewish Day of Atonement, Jews across Poland are publicly humiliated by SS troops: forced labor, coerced shavings of beards, destruction of property, beatings, and forced dancing. At Piotrków, Poland, Jews are compelled to relieve themselves in the local synagogue school, then use prayer shawls and holy books to clean up the mess.

1939: As the Nazis completed their conquest of Poland, Jews began to feel the persecution that would eventually become the Final Solution.

1939: Polskie Radio was bombed by the Nazis today “shortly after broadcast the last Chopin recital played by Władysław "Wladek" Szpilman.”

1940: SS chief Heinrich Himmler authorizes a special SS Reichsbank account to hold gold (including gold extracted from teeth), silver, jewelry, and foreign currency stolen from interned Jews. The account is held by the fictitious "Max Heiliger."

1941(2nd of Tishrei, 5702): Rosh Hashanah

1941:Meir Binem (Beniek) Wrzonski arrived at the Lodz ghetto and found out that his father Noah Wrzonski had passed away earlier in the day.

1941: Gassing tests are conducted at Auschwitz.

1941: 3500 Jews unable to escape from Ejszyszki, Lithuania, are locked in a synagogue and then moved to a cattle market, where they are denied food and water;

1942: Over 2,000 Jews were deported from the "show ghetto" at Theresienstadt to the extermination camp of Maly Trostenents in the Soviet Union. Approximately 200,000 to 500,000 were murdered at the camp.  There were no known survivors.

1942: Three of Sigmund Freud’s siblings – Regine Debora, Maria and Pauline Regine – were deported to Treblinka

1942(12th of Tishrei, 5703): Twenty-four year old Soviet poet Paul Davidovich Kagan was killed by the Germans while leading a reconnaissance mission.

1942(12th of Tishrei, 5703): Hundreds of Jews from Slovakia and 641 from France are gassed at Auschwitz.

1942(12th of Tishrei, 5703): At the Treblinka death camp, 10,000 Jews from Szydlowiec, Poland, are killed.

1942: British Home Secretary and Minister of Home Security Herbert Morrison opposed any further admission of Jewish immigrants into Britain. He fears this would encourage the French Vichy government to "dump" Jewish children into Britain.

1942:New Yorker cartoonist William Steig and Liza (Mead) Steig, head of the fine arts department at Lesley College gave birth to Jazz flutist Jeremy Steig.

1943: The Nazis liquidated the Vilna Ghetto. Eight thousand of the remaining 10,000 Jews were beaten, robbed and gathered in Rosasquare. One thousand, six hundred were selected to go to the labor camps in Estonia. Another 5,000 were sent to Majdanek and its new gas chambers. Hundreds of the old and sick were sent to Ponar and shot.

1943: Birthdate of Henk Brink son of Henk Drogt,a Dutch policeman who joined the resistance movement after being ordered to round up Jews. Drogt, who was executed by the Nazis in 1944, was already recognized as a hero by former U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower, Britainand the Netherlandsfor his role in rescuing Allied pilots who ejected over occupied Holland. In 2008, Brink attended ceremonies at Yad Vashem where his father was recognized as A Righteous Among the Nations.

1943: Birthdate of Ariel Zilber, the native of Tel Aviv who gained famed as a singer and songwriter who composed “Yes Din ViYesh Dayan (there is a judge and there is judgment)


1944: Warner Bros. released “Arsenic and Old Loss” a comedy with a screenplay by Julius and Philip Epstein with music by Max Stiener

1947(9thof Tishrei, 5708): Erev Yom Kippur – Jews hear Kol Nidre as the U.N. prepares to decide on the fate Palestine in its upcoming vote on partition.

1951: Shortstop Al Richter made his major league debut with the Boston Red Sox.

1951: Tonight, acting Egyptian minister of war Abd el-Fatha Hassahn charged Israel with unspecified violations in the area of Gaza on September 19.  The minister would not specify the nature of the violation saying only that they “did not constitute ‘armed aggression.’”

1951: Today Menachem Begin was granted a six’s months leave of absence from his position as chairman of the Herut Party Center so that he can complete his studies for the upcoming bar examinations and complete a book on his World War II experiences focusing on his time in the Soviet Union.

1951(22nd of Elul, 5711): Eighty-four year old Mrs. Annie Nathan Meyer, chief founder and trustee of Barnard College, died today of a coronary thrombosis in her residence at the Hotel Croydon, 12 East Eighty-six Street.

1952:Agudat Yisrael and Poalei Agudat Yisrael left the coalition today shortly after disagreements over the conscription of women into the IDF leaving the government with only 60 of the 120 seats in the Knesset

1952: The Jerusalem Post reported that two Israeli soldiers were wounded by Jordanians. Infiltrators from Jordan stole animals and irrigation pipes in the Jerusalem Corridor during Yom Kippur.

1956: Shimon Peres met with French Defense Minister Bourges-Manouy to discuss increased shipment of French arms to Israel to offset the increase of modern arms being sent to Egyptand Syriaby the Soviets.  The French also were seeking to involve the Israelis in Operation Musketeer,, a joint Franco-British plan to land in Egyptand seize the Suez Canal which had been nationalized by Egyptian President Nasser.

1956(18th of Tishrei, 5717):  A Jordanian soldier at a border post north of Bethlehem opened fired on a group of a hundred Israeli archaeologists who were examining the ancient ruins excavated at Rmat Rahal, the southernmost point of Jewish Jerusalem.  Four of the archaeologists were killed. One of the four was the daughter in law of Golda Meir.

1959: In Newark, NJ, Ruth Minnie (née Simon), a nurse and health care administrator, and Alexander B. Greenspan, an accounting manager gave birth to Jay Scott Greenspan who gained fame as Jason Alexander best known for his portrayal of “George” on Seinfeld.

1960(2nd of Tishrei, 5721): In his first year in Washington, DC, Rabbi Stanley Rabinowitz delivered th sermon at Adas Israel on the Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1961: “Milk & Honey” finished its pre-Broadway run at the Colonial Theatre and headed for its opening in New York City.

1962: Leonard Bernstein led the inaugural concert of the New York Philharmonic in Philharmonic Hall (later renamed Avery Fisher Hall), Lincoln Center, NYC.

1964: The Paris Opera unveils a stunning new ceiling painted as a gift by artist Marc Chagall, who spent much of his life in France.
 
1968(1st of Tishrei, 5729): Rosh Hashanah

1968: Jewish students who notify the proper authorities at the University of Minnesota are excused from the opening day of classes which coincided with the Jewish New Year.

1972(15thof Tishrei, 5733): As McGovern and Nixon enter the last six weeks of the Presidential campaign, Jews observe Sukkoth.

1974: Birthdate of Oscar nominated director Joshua Lincoln Oppenheimer who “is a 2014 recipient of the MacArthur "Genius" Award”

1974: A Broadway revival of Gypsy – a product of Jule Styne, Stephen Sondheim and Arthur Laurents – opened at the Winter Garden

1978: American actor Jay Adler passed away today at the age of 81.  He was the oldest child of Jacob and Sara Adler, leading actors in the Yiddish theatre.  He was the brother the famous acting duo, Luther Adler and Stella Adler.

1979: An article entitled “What’s Doing in Tel Aviv” describes the various events planned for celebrating the 70th anniversary of the establishment of Israel’s largest city. 

1983: NBC begins to broadcast the second season “Family Ties,” the sitcom created by Gary David Goldberg.

1987(29thof Elul, 5747): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1987: In Berlin, Isaac Newman became rabbi of the Rykestrasse Synagogue,

1990:  Saddam Hussein announced that he would destroy Israel.

1991(15thof Tishrei, 5752): Sukkoth

1996(10thof Tishrei, 5757): Yom Kippur

2001: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including The Popes Against the Jews: The Vatican's Role in the Rise of Modern Anti-Semitism by David I. Kertzer, Canaries in the Mineshaft: Essays on Politics and Media by Renata Adler and Total Recallby Sara Paretsky

2003(26th of Elul, 5763): Simcha Dinitz, the Israeli ambassador to the United States during the 1973 Arab-Israeli war, who played a crucial but disputed role in arranging an airlift of American military supplies to Israel, passed away today in Jerusalem at the age of 74. (As reported by Paul Lewis)

2005:Tibor "Ted" Rubin a Hungarian-born Holocaust survivor, who immigrated to the United States in 1948, received the Medal of Honor today for his actions in the Korean War.

2005: Loretta Weinberg won another round in her court battle to have all the ballots counted in her race for a seat in the New Jersey State Senate when the Appellate Court ruled that the challenged votes should be counted.

2005:  The Jerusalem Post reported that the price of lulavs may triple this year after Egypt, in an attempt to prevent damage to its date trees, prohibited the export of palm branches, causing a severe shortage.

2006 (Tishrei I, 5767): Rosh Hashanah

2006: Louisa.Schoenbuam, granddaughter of Dr. David and Tamara Schoenbaum makes her first appearance in the world. This is a real reason to sound the Shofar!

2007: The Sunday New York Times book section featured the following reviews of books with Jewish authors or Jewish subject matter: The Coldest Winter:America and the Korean WarbyDavid Halberstam, The Israel Lobby and U.S Foreign Policy by John J. Mearsheimer and Stephen M. Walt and and a study of the lives Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Tolkas entitled Two Lives: Gertrude and Alice by Janet Malcolm.

2007: The Sunday Washington Post book section section featured the following reviews of books with Jewish authors or Jewish subject matter: A Drive in the County by Michael J. Rosen, The Age of Turbulence: Adventures in a New World by Alan Greenspan and The Coldest WinterAmerica and the Korean War by David Halberstam.

2007: Iran announced that Christine and Dan Levinson, the wife and oldest son of the imprisoned Robert Levinson would be allowed to visit the country – a trip they hope will help him gain his freedom.

2008: In Washington, D.C., the Chaim Kempner Author Series hosts a discussion with journalist Ariel Sabarfor his new memoir My Father's Paradise: A Son's Search for His Jewish Past in Kurdish Iraq.

2008: Thomas Friedman discusses and signs his new book, Hot, Flat, and Crowded: Why We Need a Green Revolution--And How It Can Renew America, at the Sixth & I Historic Synagogue, which is the original site of Adas Israel, the only Conservative Congregation in the Washington, D.C. city limits.

2008: A voting body of 150 rabbis and public servants convenes to vote for the Chief Rabbinate's governing council (moetzet harabanut harashit), the final authority on issues such as criteria for kosher supervision, deciding who is a Jew for the purpose of marriage and the appointment of new rabbis and marriage registrars.

2008:Russian archaeologists said they had found the long-lost capital of the Khazar kingdom in southern Russia, a breakthrough for research on the ancient Jewish state. "This is a hugely important discovery," expedition organizer Dmitry Vasilyev told AFP by telephone from Astrakhan State University after returning from excavations near the village of Samosdelka, just north of the Caspian Sea.

2008(23rd of Elul, 5768):Eighty-three  year old Joel N. Bloom, “who in his 21 years as director of the science museum and planetarium at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia transformed a lackluster exhibition space into a bright and appealing one with hands-on experiments and walk-through exhibits, including a giant, pulsing human cell” passed away today. (As reported by Dennis Hevesi)

2009: The Center for Jewish History presents a lecture entitled  “Lessons and Legacies in Holocaust Survivor Families: Innovations in the Investigation of Intergenerational Responses” in which Dr. Hannah Kliger, Pennsylvania State University, Abington College describes the findings from her research that show the contribution of new methodologies for studying communication about trauma within Holocaust survivor families.

2009: Sara Paretsky reads from and signs her new V.I. Warshawski novel, “Hardball,” at Barnes & Noble in Bethesda, MD

2009: The Virginia Tech Hillel sponsors a lecture entitled “Looking for Jessica: Picturing the Jewish Woman in English Medieval Art” during which Carlee Bradbury, Radford University art history professor  talks about how Jewish women were looked at by Christians during the Middle Ages.

2009 Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu is scheduled to meet with Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon today in New York.

2010(15th of Tishrei, 5771): Sukkoth I

2010: The first Kleztival is scheduled to open today in Sao Paulo. The event will mark the inauguration of the Instituto da Música Judaica Brasil, or Brazilian Jewish Music Institute.

2010: When They Come for Us, We'll Be Gone: The Epic Struggle to Save Soviet Jewry by Gal Beckerman was published today

2011: The head of the Palestinian Authority presents its statehood bid to the Security Council and then addressed the General Assembly.

2011: Cantor Larry Paul and Robyn Helzner are scheduled to lead a Carlebach-inspired service at the Historic 6th& I Synagogue in Washington, DC followed by a communal Shabbat dinner.

2011:Jurors found 10 Muslim students guilty today of disrupting a lecture by the Israeli ambassador at a California university in a case that stoked a spirited debate about free speech. Jurors delivered the verdicts in Orange County Superior Court in the case involving a speech by Ambassador Michael Oren in February 2010 at the University of California, Irvine.
 
2011: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said today that the Palestinians must first make peace with Israel, and only after get their state, during his address to the UN General Assembly in New York.
 
2011:The IDF announced that forces on the Israel-Egypt border had been placed on high alert after threats were received that Hamas was planning terror activity in the area, the IDF spokesman's office stated.

2011: Israel responded positively today, and the Palestinians negatively, to a formula for restarting negotiations issued by the Quartet that would place a December 2012 deadline on reaching an agreement

2012: The New York Times features reviews of books by Jewish authors or of special interest to Jewish Readers including All Gone: A Memoir of My Mother’s Dementia: With Refreshments by Alex Witchel and the recently released paperback edition of The Escape Artists: How Obama’s Team Fumbled the Recovery by Noam Scheiber.

2012: The headstone unveiling for Sue Katz, of blessed memory, the wife of Bert Katz, an honored pillar of the Cedar Rapids Jewish community, is scheduled to take place this afternoon at Eben Israel Cemetery.

2012:Rabbi Alana Suskin and Rabbi Moshe Faierstein are scheduled to lead a study session on Yom Kippur at Tikvat Israel in Rockville, MD

2012: The YIVO Institute for Jewish Present is scheduled to commemorate the lost Jewish community of Vilna at the Nusakh Vilne Memorial Lecture and Concert

2012: Hundreds of mourners arrived in Modi'in early this morning to participate in the funeral of IDF Corporal Netanel Yahalomi, who was killed along the Egyptian border the day before yesterday.
The 20-year-old Artillery Corps soldier was shot in the head by terrorists as he and his unit was reportedly giving water to African migrants who had arrived on the border. A second soldier was wounded in the attack. (As reported by Yaakov Lappin)

2012(14th of Tishrei, 5773): Erev Sukkoth

2012: Jewish Musical Tradition Echoes Through Ages by Jon Kalish

2012(14th of Tishrei, 5773): Eighty-nine year old gerontologist Dr. Reubin Andres passed away. (As reported by Leslie Kaufman)

2013: In Washington, DC, the Historic Sixth & I Synagogue is scheduled to host Café Night which will including “Basics and Beyond or Crash Course in Hebrew Reading” and class on “Your Adult Bar or Bat Mitzvah”

2013: Israeli pianist Roman Rabinovich and the Jupiter musicians are scheduled to perform work by several Czech composers at the Good Shepherd Church in NYC.

2013: At the Haifa Military Cemetery hundreds of mournours including comrades from the Givati Brigade attened the funderal of Tirat Harcamel native Sgt. Gal Gabrial  who had been murdered yesterday by a Palestinian terrorists as he stood guard over a group of Jews who had gone to Hebron as part of their celebration of Sukkoth.

2013: Today Lithuania marked 70 years since Nazi Germany wiped out the Vilnius ghetto, all but obliterating the vibrant Jewish culture of a capital once known as the "Jerusalem of the North". 

2014: “The House of Rothschild,” “Gentleman’s Agreement,” “Crossfire” and “Focus” are scheduled to be shown this evening when TCM presents the fourth in its series “the Jewish Experience on Film.”

This Day, September 24, In Jewish History by MItchell A. Levin

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416: “Roman emperors Honorius and Theodosius II order that any Jews who have joined the Christian church to avoid punishments for crimes must be allowed to return to Judaism because, in the long run, Christianity will be better off without them.”

622: Prophet Muhammad completes his hijra from Mecca to Medina. According to at least one source, Muhammad had gone to Medina by some of the local clans who were looking for an outside arbiter to settle the conflicts between the Arabs and members of a Jewish tribe called the Banu Qurayza.

768: Pippin the Short, King of the Franks passed way. Pippin allowed the Jews of Narbonne in the territory of Septimania (modern day southern France) to enjoy a measure of freedom and prosperity in return for their help in fighting the Moors.

1038: Jews in Granada celebrate a special Purim commemoration after the capture of the Muslim leader Ibn Abbas who was brought to Granada, killed, and beheaded by a rival (and Jewish tolerant) Muslim faction.

1659: As part of an attempt by Anton Hulsisu to convert Jacob Abendana to Christianity, the two began a debate via correspondence over the meaning of a verse in the Book of Haggai: "The latter splendor of this house shall be greater than the former" (2:9), which Hulsius attempted to prove was a reference to the Church.” Unlike similar debates that had taken place in Spain and France, this exchange was amicable and posed no threat to the well-being of the Jewish community.

1664: The Dutch Republic surrenders New Amsterdam to England. The English re-name the city after the Duke of York and call it New York since there was already a York in England. If it had not been for the name change we would all be looking at New Amsterdam style delis.

1665: One of the two dates given for the death of Jacob Lumbrozo who was the first Jewish person to settle in Maryland, arriving in the colony controlled by the Calverts in 1656.

1683: The Jews were expelled from all French possessions in America. The Jews would return to Quebec in 1759 when the British were victorious in the French and Indian War.

1758: After yet another blood libel in Poland, the Jewish community sent Jacob Zelig to Rome to seek relief from the Pope. He convinced Pope Benedict XIV to start an investigation. Cardinal Ganganelli (Clement XVI) wrote an unequivocal condemnation of the libels and asked the Holy See to intervene in Poland to stop the accusations.

1761: Birthdate of Dutch journalist, translator and author Moses ben Zaddik Belifante

1768: Birthdate of historian Sharon Turner, the friend of Isaac D’Israeli who advised him to have his children, including Benjamin, baptized during the elder D’Isreali’s dispute with Bevis Marks Synagogue. 

1789: The office of U.S. Attorney General was established. Edward Levi, an appointee of Republican President Gerald Ford, was the first Jewish Attorney General. He served from 1975 to 1977. Judge Michael Mukasey has been nominated by George Bush for the position. If approved, he will be only the second Jew to be nation’s top lawyer.

1805(1stof Tishrei, 5566): Rosh Hashanah

1814(10thof Tishrei, 5575): As the British forces continue to their trip through the Atlantic Ocean headed to their historic date with destiny in New Orleans, Jews observe Yom Kippur

1832(29thof Elul, 5592): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1832:Jews living in Sydney, Australia, gathered in Mr. Rowell's shop on George Street which has been fitted out as a synagogue to begin the observance of Rosh Hashanah.

1841(9thof Tishrei, 5602): Kol Nidre

1841(9thof Tishrei, 5602): Forty-one year old poet and teacher Abraham Basch passed away today.

1855: Sir Charles Wilson received his first commission in the Royal Engineers. Wilson would put his engineering skills to good used when he would conduct the survey of Jerusalem in 1864 and 1865. He published his findings in Notes on the Ordinance Survey of Jerusalem

1862(29th of Elul, 5622): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1862: As Jews prepare to greet the New Year, fourteen governors declare their support for Lincoln’s recently issued Emancipation Proclamation proving that the New Year will be a time of new beginnings for those held in the bondage of slavery.

1866(15th of Tishrei, 5627): Sukkoth

1868: The Very Reverend Henry Hart Milman, an English historian and ecclesiastic, passed away. In 1829, Milman published History of the Jews, “which is memorable as the first by an English clergyman which treated the Jews as an Oriental tribe, recognized sheikhs and amirs in the Old Testament, sifted and classified documentary evidence, and evaded or minimized the miraculous.” It is not known how the Jews reacted to this work, but his fellow Christians were upset enough to slow his climb up the ecclesiastical ladder.

1869: Birthdate of Alexander Büchler, the son of Talmudist Phineas Büchler, who became a rabbi and teacher in the Hungarian Jewish community. He was murdered at Auschwitz in July of 1944.

1871: It was reported today that violence had broken out in El-Kesar, a Moroccan town with 9,000 inhabitants, a sizable number of whom are Jewish. The clash was between members of the Shereef family that had come from Fez to celebrate a wedding and people living in the surrounding mountains who decided to “join” in the festivities. After presenting their wedding gifts, this band of 2,000 mostly young men attacked and robbed the custom house and the local market. Then they went to the Jewish Quarter, beat the inhabitants, fired their rifles into their homes wounding many of the inhabitants and then took as plunder whatever they wished. They then left for their mountain homes.

1872(21st of Elul, 5632): Hannah Leo, the wife of Henry Leo, who was President of the Auxiliary Society of the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, passed away

1876: Based on information that first appeared in the London Jewish Herald, it was reported today that for the past four or five years Jews have been returning to Palestine in unprecedented numbers. The Jewish population of Jerusalem has doubled in the past ten years. Most of the immigrants have come from Russia.

1876: The Jews of Austin, Texas met at the Odd Fellows Hall and organized Congregation Beth Israel.

1876: The Austin Daily Statesman noted that all other Texas cities of similar size had synagogues so “we can see no reason why Austin should not keep company with them.”

1878: As the Yellow Fever Epidemic continues to grip the Deep South, it was reported today that the children of the Hebrew Orphan Asylum of New York “have received a touching letter from Isaacson & Sims of New Orleans acknowledging the receipt of $10.84” which the Jewish orphans had raised in small sums to provide relief for the 200 infants living at St. Vincent’s. Disease does not recognize religious differences and neither does extending a helping hand.

1879: It was reported today that the Romanian legislators have rejected a motion that would have the government ignore the provisions of the Treaty of Berlin that called for the emancipation of the Jews. The legislators also rejected that the emancipation process be applied only to individual Jews. This clears the way for the government to introduce a measure that will provide full citizenship for the Jews living in Romania.
1881(1st of Tishrei, 5642): Rosh Hashanah
1881: In New York City, Louis and Mary Strauss Frankenthaler gave birth to State Supreme Court Justice Alfred Frankenthaler.
1881: It was reported today that a special meeting of the Board of Deputies has been called to prepare a condolence message for the widow of the late President Garfield.  The Board of Deputies is the major organization representing the Jewish community in the United Kingdom

1882: “Judicial Torture In Hungary” published today described events surrounding the disappearance of Christian girl at Tisza Eszlar and the arrest of  a married couple named Schart following claims that the Jews had killed her and “disposed of her remains.” The couple’s attorney has addressed a petition to the Minister President “revealing a state of things in Hungary worthy only of the Middle Ages.”

1882: It was reported today that 17,693,643 Catholics living in Austria make up 92% of the population.  There are 1,005,394 Jews living in the country

1882: “Il Giudeo” published today recounts the life of Il Giudeo, the 16thcentury Jewish renegade, from Smyrna who made his fortune sailing the Mediterranean
1883: The “New Books Received” list published today included The Laws of Marriage, “containing the Hebrew and Roman law concerning the impediments to marriage and the dissolution of the marriage bond” by John Fuller and Hannah: One of the Strong Women by Julia McNair Wright.
1883 “Caring For Poor Hebrew Children" published toay reported today that the Hebrews Sheltering and Guardian Society has cared for 418 children between the ages of 2 and 15 since it was opened.  Currently the society is taking care of 175 children, an increase of 55 since last year. Besides providing programs for poor children that include several summer excursions, the society has provided 8, 392 meals to poor Jewish citizens.
1884: “Hebrew Society Startled” published today described the refusal of Mr. and Mrs. Solomon Scheuer to comment on events surrounding the elopement their daughter Sarah.  Sarah Scheur the 19 year old Jewish heiress left New York to run away with Henry C. Friedman, a stock broker who is ten years her senior and “well known as a society man.”
 
1885(15th of Tishrei, 5646 Sukkoth is observed for the first time during the Presidency of Grover Cleveland.

1886: In New Haven, CN, Father John Maloney of St. Johns Roman Catholic Church officiated at the marriage of one his parishioners,Kittie Cannon and David Bretzfelder, a 28 year old Jewish letter carrier

1887:In New York, Judge White is scheduled to render in a child custody case which pits an African American couple named Lee and a Jewish couple named Brodcki against each other over a 9 year old girl each claim is theirs.
1889: “Man and Money Captured” described events leading up to the arrest of Simon Baruch in Hoboken, New Jersey. When originally confronted by the police, he denied being the Austrian swindler since he only had one dollar in his pockets.  However, when he took authorities to his hotel room, they found a safe filled with “a large amount securities and cash” which gave credence to the charges leveled against him.
1890(10thof Tishrei, 5651): Yom Kippur
1890: Johann Most is scheduled to deliver a speech this afternoon at two in which he will denounce Yom Kippur and Judaism; a speech the police have been ordered to prevent even if it means arresting the anarchist
1890: In New York, “the public schools presented the appearance of partial desertion” because all of the Jewish children “were their parent in the synagogues.
1890: Joseph Fredlander, the rabbi at the orthodox synagogue on 57th street will lead Yom Kippur services at Lambden’s Hall in New Rochelle.
1891: It was reported today, that 7,000 Jews left Berdichef today bound for Argentina which would seem to be impossible because there are no railroad facilities there than could handle such a large number of people.
1892: “Pandemonium” broke out between two and three this morning at Camp Low in Sandy Hook, NJ when Polish Jewish immigrants became ill after gorging themselves following the New Year’s observance during which they did not eat.
1892: During the Cholera outbreak in New York a young Jew named Samuel Machinsky “was allowed to lied on the sidewalk at the corner of Bowery and Houston Streets for two hours” tonight “before an ambulance” came to take him to the hospital.

1893: “New York Honors Heine” published today described the fountain that the Arion Society will erect in honor of the poet whom Germany would not honor because, even though he had converted, he was too Jewish for the Germans.

1895: “A report was received at the Department of State from Minister Clifton R. Breckinridge” containing “a copy of the laws and regulations bearing upon the admission of foreign Jews into Russia.  The information was requested” because “of the refusal of the Russian Consul at New York to issue passports to American citizens” who are Jewish.

1895: As of today, the Cossack riding in Will Bill’s Parade in Paterson, NJ who began beating a Jewish spectator who called out to him, has not been apprehended.

1896: “Santa Maria,” a comic opera “invented, written and composed by Oscar Hammerstein” opened tonight at the Olympia Theatre.

1896: Birthdate of novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald. Fitzgerald’s most famous novel was The Great Gatsby. In one memorable scene, Gatsby and Nick lunch with Meyer Wolfshiem, a Jewish gambler who "fixed the 1919 World Series." Apparently Gatsby owes his financial good fortune to the shadowy Jewish gangster. Wolfshiem is a thinly veiled reference to Arnold Rothstein the man who supposedly fixed the 1919 World Series. Popular American culture blamed the sinister Jew for corrupting the national pastime. Fitzgerald portrayed Wolfshiem as the corrupting influence on the eager but pure WASP, Jay Gatsby.

1898: Herzl addresses a letter to the Prince of Eulenberg, a German diplomat, pleading for an audience with Kaiser Wilhelm II before he leaves for Palestine.

1899: At the Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church, in response to a request, Dr. Howard Agnew Johnson preached “a sermon on the existing prejudice against the Jew.”

1899: In New York, American Zionist welcomed the delegates returning from the 3rdZionist Congress at Basel with a public reception at Cooper Union

1899: “Zionist Success Predicted” published today described the creation of the Jewish Colonial Trust of London which “has a capital of $10,000,000 with 2,000,000 shares  more than 100,000 of which have been purchased.”

 
1899: “The annual pilgrimage to the National Farm School” near Doyelstown, PA, took place today.  The school, the only one of its kind is “sustained and controlled by Jews from all over the country, it is open to boys of all creeds and nationalities.”

 
1899: In Chicago, a mass meeting co-sponsored by the Grand Lodge of the Western Star is scheduled to take place at the Central Music Hall where attendees can express their displeasure with the Dreyfus verdict.

1900(1st of Tishrei, 5661): Rosh Hashanah

1900: Toward the end of Rosh Hashanah services at Temple Beth El, Dr. Kaufmann Kohler, Rabbi Emeritus of the congregation, announced that he wished all members of the congregation who desired their deceased family member’s names be mentioned in the upcoming memorial services on the Day of Atonement should send a list of such names to him. After he sat down, Rabbi Samuel Schulman rose from his seat, walked to the front of the pulpit and “said that he was the one who would read the memorial services, and that the names of the deceased to be announced should sent to him at his residence…There was much whispering among the congregation, many of whom remained after the service and discussed the affair in small groups.”

1904(15th of Tishrei, 5665): Sukkoth

1905: Plans are announced for the marriage of Miss Racie Friedenwald to Dr. Cyrus Adler, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, President of the Jewish Theological Seminary and one of the editors of the Jewish Encyclopedia. The wedding is scheduled to take place in Philadelphia, PA at Mikvah Israel with Rabbi Leon H. Elmaleh officiating.

1908: Birthdate of composer and arranger Gertrude Rittman who fled Nazi German and created a career in the United Sates that began with composing the score for “Palestine at War” made by the Palestine Labor Commission before pursuing a career that produced such hits as “Brigadoon” and “South Pacific.”
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B04EFD6163CF933A25750C0A9639C8B63

1909(9thof Tishrei, 5670): Erev Yom Kippur – for the first time Kol Nidre is chanted during the Presidency of William H. Taft

1911: Birthdate of Austrian born American architect Henry P. Glass whose work includes “The Henry P. Glass House…the first passive solar house in America”

1914: “Russian Treaty Now A Possibility” published today described hopes that the Czar’s government will be able to negotiated a new trade agreement with the United States which will replace the one that “became inoperative” in 1913 “because it was interpreted by Russia as permitting the exclusion of American Jews from her dominions.”

1914: According to a wireless sent by the government in Berlin, “the Russians have brutalized the Jewish inhabitants in all places which they have occupied in Galicia.” The Russians incite the Ruthenian peasants and “hand over the Jewish property” to them.  “This contrasts…with the Czars manifesto to ‘his beloved Jews.’”

1914: The Austro-Hungarian Consulate General in New York made public the a communique from the “Israelitische Alliance of Vienna” to the American Jewish Committee of New York asking that money be sent through the embassy to aid the Jews who have fled Austrian territories seized by the Russians and expressing their belief that American Jews would support Austria in its war “to obtain human rights for” the oppressed Russian Jews.

1918: The 4thCavalry Division and the Australian Mounted Division completed their four day long round up of the “demoralized and disorganized Turkish troops in the Jezreel Valley”

1921: Birthdate of sportscaster Jim McKay, who is not Jewish. McKay was covering the 1972 Olympics for ABC. He provided moving coverage of the seizure of the Israeli Olympic Team by Palestinian terrorists.

1922(2nd of Tishrei, 5683): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1926(16thof Tishrei, 5687): Second day of Sukkoth

1926: In Cincinnati, Ohio, Rabbi James Heller is scheduled to conduct the funeral services of Rabbi Louis Grossman whose body is supposed to arrive this morning from Detroit where he passed away.

1928 (10th of Tishrei, 5689): Yom Kippur is observed for the last time during the Presidency of Calvin Coolidge.

1928: On Yom Kippur the Jerusalem police interfered with the worshipers who resisted the removal of a screen separating the men and women. Jews at their Yom Kippur prayers at the Western Wall placed chairs and customary screens between the men and women present. Jerusalem commissioner Edward Keith-Roach, while visiting the Muslim religious court overlooking the prayer area, pointed out the screen, precipitating emotional protests and demands from the assembled sheiks that it be removed. Unless it was taken down, they said, they would not be responsible for what happened. This was described as violating the Ottoman status quo that forbade Jews from making any construction in the Western Wall area, though such screens had been put up from time to time. The British issued an ultimatum for its removal. When police officers in riot gear were then sent in, a scuffle took place with worshippers and the screen in question was destroyed. The intervention drew censure later from senior officials who judged that excessive force had been exercised without good reason. Haj Amin al Husseini, the Mufti of Jerusalem exploited the incident by distributing leaflets to Arabs in Palestine and throughout the Arab world which claimed that the Jews were planning to take over the al-Aqsa Mosque. One consequence was that Jewish worshippers frequently were subjected to beatings and stoning

1928: On the Day of Atonement, the local rabbi of Massena, New York was called to police headquarters to answer charges of ritual murder after a four-year-old girl disappeared. This is part of the event known as the Massena Blood Libel.

1930(2ndof Tishrei, 5691): 2nd day of Rosh Hashanah

1930: “Once in a Lifetime” the first of 8 plays on which Moss Hart and George S. Kaufman collaborated opened at the Music Box Theatre in New York City.

1932; Birthdate of Joanne Greenberg, author of 12 novels and four collections of short stories, including the bestselling I Never Promised You a Rose Garden

1933(4th of Tishrei, 5694): Tzom Gedaliah

1933: Dr. Ferdinand Blumenthal, a leading German oncologist, was forced to retire which forced him to move Vienna so he could continue his research.  (The doctor would have to move again when the Nazi’s annexed Austria which is why he was in Riga when died in 1941)

1934(15thof Tishrei, 5695): Sukkoth

1936: More than 120,000 Jews from all parts of Palestine paid a last tribute to Meier Dizengoff, Mayor of Tel-Aviv, as his funeral procession passed through the principal streets of the city this morning from the Tel-Aviv Museum where his body had lying in state, to the cemetery. Pall bearers included Tel Aviv’s vice mayors I. Rokach and Dov Hos. In honor of Dizengoff’s wishes there were no eulogies and children, whom he considered “flower of Palestinian Jewry,” escorted his remains to the grave. He was buried between the grave of his late wife and those of Max Nordau and Achad Haam.

1937: “The ‘120 greatest living Jews’ were named today to a Jewish Hall of Fame selected in a world-wide poll by The Ivrim, the honor society of Chicago Jewish students. Their purpose was to hold up ‘living ideals’ to Jewish youth, and they required only that nominees must have been alive on Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year) of 5697 (Sept. 28, 1936). Albert Einstein, actor Paul Muni, Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau and Supreme Court Justices Brandeis and Cardozo won election to the group.” Seven nominees had passed away including Adolph Ochs publisher of the New York Times, businessman Percy Selden Straus, pianist Ossip Ga-Crilowitsch, journalist Jacob de Haas, composer George Gershwin, psychiatrist Dr. Alfred Adler and the Mayor of Tel Aviv, Meier Dizengoff.

1937: The Palestine Post reported that the Sixth Political Committee of the League of Nations concluded the Palestine debate with a statement by Lord Cranborne who assured the delegates, representing all interested countries, that their views would receive full consideration of the British government. He added that his government was open-minded and quite willing to carry out all suitable recommendations. The next step, it was agreed unanimously, was to wait for the report of a new British commission, a special body which was be sent to Palestine in order to recommend ways and means of implementing the country's partition. The Post published the full texts of Mr. Philly's and Lord Samuel's testimonies made for the benefit of the Royal (Peel) Commission on Palestine.

1938: Hank Greenberg hits his 55th and 56th home runs of the year. In the remeaing 9 games of the season, Greenberg needs to hit 4 four-baggers to tie Ruth and 5 round trippers to supass Ruth’s record.

1938(21st of Elul, 5698): Russian born mathematician Lev Schnirelmann passed away

1939(11thof Tishrei, 5700): Seventy-two year old pioneer movie mogul Carl Laemmle who helped to found Universal Studios and who worked to save Jews from Nazi Germany, passed away today.
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/13/movies/unlike-his-peers-a-studio-chief-saved-jews-from-the-nazis.html

1940: Director Veit Harlan's anti-Semitic film Jud Süss premieres in Berlin.

1941(3rd of Tishrei, 5702):Tzom Gedaliah

1941: In Scarsdale, NY “Leopold Vail Epstein (the son of Jewish immigrants who had changed his name to Lee Eastman) and Louise Lindner Eastman (daughter of the founder of the Lindner Company clothing store)” gave birth to Linda Eastman who married Paul McCartney in 1969.

1941: Two thousand women and children were taken from the Wolkowysk Ghetto and murdered. Wolkowysk was located in southeastern Lithuania.

1942: At the urging of von Ribbentrop, Martin Luther, of the German Foreign Ministry began plans to set up negotiations between the governments of Bulgaria, Hungary and Denmark with the object of starting the evacuation of the Jews of these countries. The evacuations meant trips to the death camps for the Jews. The fate of the Jewish communities in each of these countries is an interesting story in and of itself. Bulgarian Jews would enjoy the intervention of the Papal Nuncio who would later be a Pope. Raoul Wallenberg intervened in an attempt to save the Jews of Hungary. The Jews of Denmark were saved by the gutsy intervention of the crews of the Danish fishing fleet.

1942: British Home Secretary and Minister of Home Security Herbert Morrison opposes any further admission of Jewish immigrants into Britain. He fears this would encourage the French Vichy government to "dump" Jewish children into Britain.

1943: Himmler secretly ordered the Gestapo chief in Rome to arrest all of the Jews in the city.

1944: The 45thInfantry Division, a unit that includes Raul Hilberg, took the French town of Epinal.

1944: Having murdered 400,000 Jews over the summer at Birkenau, the gassings slowed down. A comparative few 200 Sonderkommando prisoners were to be gassed. Only 661 Sonderkommando were left at the camp to be party to the continuation of the German dirty work.

1945: Five months after the Nazis had surrendered a pogrom took play at Topoľčany, Czechoslovakia, known as the Topoľčany Pogrom in which at least 48 Jewswere “injured.” “There were about 3,200 Jews living in Topoľčany before World War II, of which 550 survived the Holocaust and returned to the town after the war ended. Anti-Semitism was widespread at that time due to both Slovak state official policy and also the strong economic position of Jews, which contrasted with a lack of basic commodities among the majority population. According to the protocol of county police boss Zidor, rumors began to spread in the town two days before the pogrom that Jews are about to overtake a local church school. The school was run by Catholic nuns at that time. Also, there were rumors that Jews had already created a separate classroom for Jewish children, in which they desecrated a crucifix. Further, according to rumors, the Jews were said to had overtaken a school in the nearby village of Bojná, run by Catholic monks. Local women wanted to protest against the rumored actions, but local authorities refused them. A pack of people, mostly women, then entered the school. Coincidentally, a Jewish doctor was at the time vaccinating children against smallpox in one of the school's classrooms. Some of the vaccinated children cried, which gave base for a new rumor to spread among the angry crowd: a Jewish doctor poisons Slovak children! People then attacked and beat the doctor. As new rumors spread to the streets, many more Jews were beaten both in the streets and in their homes. Jewish property was plundered in the process.” [Jews who sought to return to their home towns after the war suffered similar greetings. The non-Jews who had moved into the homes of the Jews or taken over their businesses during the Holocaust did not want to give up their new found wealth.]

1945: A private funeral service is scheduled to be held today for Judge Irving Lehman, the brother of former Governor Herman Lehman. Dr. Nathan A. Perilman, associate rabbi of Congregation Emanu-El will officiate with burial in the family plot in Cypress Hills Cemetery.

1947(10thof Tishrei, 5708): Yom Kippur

1947: Today, the House Un-American Committee (HUAC) grilled Hanns Eisler the Jewish composer who had fled Nazi Europe before World War II.

1948: Operation Velvetta, a secret mission designed to deliver Supermarine Spitfires purchased from Czechoslovakia to Israel began today with a flight of 60 aircraft from Czechoslovakia to an abandoned Luftwaffe airbase at Nikšić , Yugolsavia.

1949(1st of Tishrei, 5710): Rosh Hashanah

1949: Israelis celebrate their first Rosh Hashanah in “peace” i.e. after the truce agreements had been signed with the Arab states that had attempted to destroy the Jewish state.

1950: A series of meetings focused on the economy which the Israeli government had begun on September 1 came to an end without any official announcements or public policy changes. The meeting had focused on the failure of the program imposed in August that centered around rationing clothes and shoes. The three smaller parties making up the four-party coalition government were highly critical of Supply Minister Bernard Joseph who had overseen what they see as they failed rationing program. The Mapai Party, the largest member of the coalition seemed to clinging to it socialist policies and pedigree. No decision was made on proposals to move a little more towards a free-market economy; proposals that “included relaxation of controls for imports and trade in foreign exchange.”

1950: During "Operation Magic Carpet", most of the Jews living in Yemen are transported to Israel

1951: While the Israeli government said that it was studying the newly circulated peace proposals from the United Nations Palestine conciliation Commission, an Arab spokesman representing the views of Egypt, Lebanon, Syria and Jordan rejected the proposal as “unneeded,” unwanted” or “old stories” or that they covered matters beyond the scope of the Commission’s area of responsibility.

1952: The Jerusalem Post reported that Barbara Propper, 22, a member of Sde Boker, was shot and killed while tending a herd of goats some 300 meters from the kibbutz. Infiltrators from Jordan fired at Jerusalem Corridor settlers in an attempt to steal irrigation pipes and cattle.

1952: The Post reported that the Austrian government expressed its willingness to negotiate a global restitution settlement with the Jewish people, calculated in proportion to the reparation agreement agreed upon with West Germany. After World War II, Austrians liked to portray themselves as the first victims of Nazi aggression. The open arms with which the Austrians welcomed the Nazis belied that claim as does this attempt to make financial restitution.

1957: The Brooklyn Dodgers defeat the Pittsburgh Pirates in their last game in Ebbets Field. The Dodgers would move to LA for the 1958 season. With Brooklyn’s large Jewish population, the Beloved Bums enjoyed a disproportionately large amount of support from Jewish fans. In New York, the split among Jews was not Ashkenazim versus Sephardim or Orthodox versus Reform; the real split was between Jews who rooted for the Yankees and the Jews who rooted for the Dodgers when they would face each other in those Subway Series.

1957: President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends United States National Guard troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to enforce the rulings of the federal court system which banned school segregation. When the segregationist forces led by Orville Faubus would attempt to close the Little Rock school system to maintain racial segregation, Harry Ehrenberg, Sr., a leading member of the Jewish community would seek signatures for petitions to keep the schools open. Harry Ehrenberg, Jr. has carried on the family tradition of active participation in the Jewish community and supporting the causes of “the widow, the orphan and the stranger in your midst.

1958(10thof Tishrei, 5719): Yom Kippur

1961: Birthdate of Christopher L. Eisgruber, the President of Princeton University, who “while helping his son with a school project…discovered his Berlin-born mother, who had arrived in New York as an eight-year-old refugee, was Jewish”, leading him to identify “as a nontheist Jews” and claim a reward from the Holocaust claims tribunal.

1966(10thof Tishrei, 5726): Yom Kippur

1966(10thof Tishrei, 5726): Eighty-five year old Vera Weizmann, the widow of the great Zionist leader Chiam Weizmann passed away.
http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/weizmann-vera

 
1968(2ndof Tishrei, 5729): Second day of Rosh Hashanah

1968: The first “60 Minutes” was broadcast. Don Hewitt and Robert Chandler, two Jews, played a key role in creating America’s first and most successful television newsmagazine.

1976(29thof Elul, 5736): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1976(29thof Elul, 5736): Ninety-five year old  Sophie Lazarsfield an “Austrian-American therapist and writer” who was the wife of Robert Lazarsfeld, the mother of Paul Lazarsfeld and a student of Alfred Adler passed away today in New York City.

1977: President Carter sent a letter to Prime Minister Begin strongly expressing his displeasure over the fact that Israeli forces had crossed into Lebanon to help Christian militias repel new attacks by PLO units under Yasser Arafat’s command. In that unique form of Carter even-handedness, no such expression of displeasure was sent to Arafat.

1987(1stof Tishrei, 5748): Rosh Hashanah

1987: The fourth season of “The Cosby Show” co-created by Ed Weinberger begins to air on NBC tonight.

1989: The sixth season of “The Cosby Show” co-created by Ed Weinberger begins to air on NBC tonight.

1993(9thof Tishrei, 5754): Erev Yom Kippur

1993(9thof Tishrei, 5754):Yigal Vaknin was stabbed to death by terrorists in an orchard near the trailer home where he lived near the village of Basra. A squad of the Hamas' Iz a-Din al Kassam claimed responsibility for the attack.

1994: Fifty-seven year old Muhammed Wattad an Arab Israeli who served in the Knesset between 1981 and 1988 passed away today.

1994: Robert Badinter began serving as French Senator from Hauts-de-Seine.

1995: Israel and the PLO agreed to sign a pact at the White House ending nearly three decades of Israeli occupation of West Bank cities.

2000: The New York Timesfeatured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay by Michael Chabon, The Moral Obligation to be Intelligent: Selected Essays by Lionel Trilling; edited by Leon Wieseltier and Only Yesterday by S. Y. Agnon; translated by Barbara Harshav.

2001: In a column in today’s edition of the New Yorker, following 9/11, Susan Sontag criticized U.S. public officials and media commentators for trying to convince the American public that "everything is O.K."

2003: Norman Finkelstein “calls Professor Alan Dershowitz’s new book on Israel a ‘hoax’”

2004(9th of Tishrei, 5765): Erev Yom Kippur

2004: At sunset, as Yom Kippur begins traditional services will be held in Cedar Rapids, IA. Traditional High Holiday services have been held for more than a century in “The City of Five Seasons.” The services began at Beth Jacob, the Orthodox Synagogue founded in 1906 and have continued as the "downstairs minyan" at Temple Judah. It is a tribute to the resiliency and the cooperative nature of the Jewish Community in Cedar Rapids and at Temple Judah that this service has continued for over a century.

2005: Haaretz reported that Raphael Izraelov, a 28-year-old Israeli, is being hailed as a hero for his work with victims of Hurricane Katrina. With Texas bracing for Hurricane Rita, the Red Cross has put Izraelov in charge of survivors with "special needs" - hundreds of people with various kinds of disabilities and mental illnesses, and solitary elderly people. Izraelov never imagined when he took a first aid course in the Israel Defense Forces - the only training he has in this area - that he would receive such a responsibility. Karen Dewitt, a volunteer from a local law firm, describes Izraelov as a local hero. "I feel he brought his experience from the Israeli army here," she said.

2005: Lewis Black recorded “The Carnegie Hall Performance” which won the Grammy for Best Comedy Album.

2006: 2nd of Tishrei, 5767): Second day of Rosh Hashanah

2006: In one of the ironies of the world of calendars the first day of Ramadan falls on the second day of Rosh Hashanah.

2006. The Sunday New York Timesfeatured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including How Bush Rules; Chronicles of a radical regimeby Sidney Blumenthal, Creationist: Selected Essays, 1993-2006 by E.L. Doctorow, Supermob: How Sidney Korshak and His Criminal Associates Became Americas Hidden Power Brokers by Gus Russo and The Lost: A Search for Six of Six Million by Daniel Mendelssohn.

2006:The Washington Post featured a review of The Greatest Story Ever Told by Frank Rich.

 
2006: The Chicago Tribune featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including Creationist: Selected Essays, 1993-2006 by E.L. Doctorow, Friendship: An Expose, the latest work by Joseph Epstein, social commentator, author and Northwestern University emeritus professor of English and Supermob: How Sidney Korshak and His Criminal Associates Became Americas Hidden Power Brokers by Gus Russo. Russo’s book offers a detailed picture of the role played by Chicago based Jews in the growth of the underworld. Two of the more interesting revelations concern the role that the Supermob played in the building of the Pritzker’s family fortune (Hyatt Hotels) and the growth of Music Corporation of America (MCA) the giant talent agency headed by Jules Stein and Lew Wasserman.

2007: The face of Alan Greenspan graces the cover of Newsweek magazine as the former chairman of the Federal Reserve Board provides the source for the magazine’s cover story, “The World According to Greenspan.” Greenspan, like his successor, is Jewish.

2007: Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, a Holocaust denier who has called for the destruction of Israel, is slated to speak at Columbia University in New York City. Michael Bloomberg, the Jewish mayor of New York City, will be responsible for providing security protection for the visit.

2007: Swastikas were discovered this evening at the tops of exterior staircases at two synagogues in Brooklyn Heights, and the police are actively investigating the vandalism as a possible bias crime. The two synagogues are Congregation B’Nai Avraham, an Orthodox synagogue at 117 Remsen Street, and the Brooklyn Heights Synagogue a Reform synagogue at 131 Remsen Street.
 
2008: In Washington, The Hyman S. & Freda Bernstein Jewish Literary Festival comes to a close.

2009: The Center for Jewish History is scheduled to present a lecture by Jan-Pieter Barbian, Director of the Duisburg Municipal Library entitled “After the Book Burning: Publishing in Hitler's Germany.”

2009: As part of its Fall Colloquium and Film Series Tulane University's Jewish Studies department is scheduled to present Hanna Wise Heiting's lecture on "Rite de Sortie"

2009 Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu is scheduled to address the United Nations General Assembly.

2009: Mark A. Grey, Michele Devlin and Aaron Goldsmith are scheduled to discuss their new book “Postville, U.S.A.” at Barnes and Noble in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

2009: Former MK Avraham Hirschson appealed his conviction to the Supreme Court of Israel. Hirschson had been found guilty of charges that he had embezzled millions of shekels from the National Workers Labor Federation while serving as its chairman. He was sentenced to a prison term of five years and fined 450,000 shekels.

2009(6th of Tishrei, 5770): Eighty-nine year old Joseph Gurwin, the Lithuanian born American businessman and philanthropist who was duped by Bernard Madoff, passed away today (As reported by Douglas Martin)
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/27/nyregion/27gurwin.html?_r=0

2009: Leonard Cohen completed his concert tour by appearing at Rat Gan Stadium in Tel Aviv where “at the end of the show he blessed the crowd with the Priestly Benediction.”

2010: The New York Film festival is scheduled to open with a showing “The Social Network,” a biting tale of the Silicon Valley giant Facebook and its founder Mark Zuckerberg.

2010: “Ahead of Time” is scheduled to open in Los Angeles at the Laemmle Theaters

2010(16th of Tishrei, 5771): Second Day of Sukkoth.

2010: The New York Times reviews books by Jewish authors including Aftershock: The Next Economy and America’s Futureby Robert B. Reich.

2010: Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook and America’s youngest billionaire, announced his biggest expenditure to date: a $100 million grant aimed at improving public education in Newark, in partnership with Cory A. Booker, the city’s mayor, and Chris Christie, New Jersey’s governor.

2010: Yossi Alfi will deliver a talk today entitled “The ten basic principles of the storyteller in the community” at an international conference which is part of the International Storytelling Festival in Givatayim.

2010: The New York Film festival is scheduled to open with a showing “The Social Network,” a biting tale of the Silicon Valley giant Facebook and its founder Mark Zuckerberg.

2010: Students from all three Bexley (Ohio) elementary schools spent this morning dropping eggs from the third floor of the Cassingham Complex. The egg-dropping exercise was part of the school district's STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) initiative. Jacob Levin's egg carrier worked fine when dropped from the first floor. The carrier had a door that opened when students dropped it from the third floor for a trial run. "When we dropped it from the third floor it opened and the egg bounced out," he said.His egg carrier was constructed of cardboard, plastic bags, toilet paper rolls, paper towels, and masking tape. He also had an issue with size. The first egg carrier had to be redesigned.


 
2011: Chief Chazzan Chaim Adler is scheduled to officiate at Selchot at the Jerusalem Great Synagogue accompanied by The Jerusalem Great Synagogue Choir conducted by Elli Jaffe. Israel's Chief Rabbi, the Rishon L'Zion, Rabbi Shlomo Moshe Amar is scheduled to deliver the Davar Torah

2011: The Selichot observance at Temple Judah in Cedar Rapids will include the Changing of the Torah Covers and a study session led by Rabbi Todd Talblum on the story of Hannah from the Haftarah for Rosh Hashanah as well as the penitential prayers for the evening.

2011(25thof Elul, 5771): Ninety-six year old Anglo-Jewish poet Emanuel Litvinoff  known for his memoir Journey Through A Small Village and his poetry that exposed the anti-Semitism of T.S. Eliot, passed away today. (As reported by Margalit Fox)
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/03/books/emanuel-litvinoff-poet-dies-at-96.html

2012: Davey and Peter Rothbart are scheduled to appear at the Historic Sixth & I Synagogue where they will discuss Davey’s latest book, My Heart is an Idiot and Peter’s new album, “You Are What You Dream.”

2012: “A family spokesman announced that Bonnie Franklin had pancreatic cancer and was undergoing treatment.”


2012:"I Survived the Holocaust: Anna Brands's personal account of life between 1939-1945" by Mark Bernat is scheduled to be presented at the University of Iowa.


2012: It was reported today that “an obscure militant group based in Egypt’s North Sinai region claimed responsibility over the weekend for a cross-border attack that killed an Israeli soldier last week. The claim called fresh attention to the uphill struggle the newly formed Egyptian government is facing to control the restive Sinai region.”


2012: Defense Minister Ehud Barak called for a unilateral pullout from much of the West Bank in published comments today, saying Israel must take “practical steps” if peace efforts with the Palestinians remain stalled.

2013: Yityish Aynaw, 21, the first Ethiopian-born woman to win the Israeli beauty pageant is scheduled to deliver a message about Jewish diversity at the JCC of Northern Virginia in Fairfax, VA

2013: Mike Ross, the son of Holocaust survivor Stephen Ross, who first visited Israel at the age of 17, is one of the candidates running in today’s Mayoral Primary where the Democrats will choose their candidate of the upcoming Boston general election in November.

2013: The Center for Jewish History is scheduled to host a panel discussion based on “the newly published Totally Unofficial: The Autobiography of Raphael Lemkin by Dona-Lee Frieze.

2013: The San Diego Center for Jewish Culture is scheduled to sponsor an all-day event “Sukkot at the Ranch including Rabbi Gabi Arad’s examination of kabbalistic rites related to the festival.

2013: Friends and family of Arnold Bucksbaum, a pillar of the Cedar Rapids Jewish Community, prepare to celebrate his 88th birthday.

2013: According to a criminal complaint filed today, William E. Rapfogel the leader of the Metropolitan New York Council on Jewish Poverty and two accomplices stole over $5 million during the last twenty years.

2013: Jerusalem police closed the Temple Mount to non-Muslim visitors this morning, citing security concerns — a surprise announcement that caused many holiday pilgrims and tourists to be turned away at the site. (Gavriel Fiske)

2014: In Grand Forks, ND, B’nai Israel erev Rosh Hashanah services will be followed by a congregational oneg.

2014: Friends and family of Arnold Bucksbaum, a pillar of the Cedar Rapids Jewish Community, prepare to celebrate his 89th birthday.

2014(29thof Elul): Erev Rosh Hashanah

שנה טובה, כתיבה וחתימה טובה.

This Day, September 25, In Jewish History by Mitchell A. Levin

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September 25

275: Marcus Claudius Tacitus appointed Roman emperor by the senate. By now the Roman Empire was in decline and Emperor’s served at the pleasure of the Army.  In the case of Tacitus, that meant a mere six months.  One of the Emperor’s greatest claims to fame was his relationship to the Tacitus, the famous first century Roman historian.  When it came to writing about the Jews, Tacitus (the historian) was not bothered by the facts.  He helped to propagate the claim that the ancient Israelites were a group of plague-infested Egyptians who were driven into the desert to die.  In his Histories sounded themes that would be the staple of anti-Semites for the next two thousand years.  Jewish customs were vile and disgusting.  The vileness of their customs were actually the source of their strength.  Jews were compassionate and honest when dealing within their own community, but have nothing but contempt for the rest of mankind.  He did not see them as a political threat, but saw them as a corrupting influence that would undermine the moral fiber of the empire.  For this reason he advocated that they become as far from the imperial capital as possible.

1253: Innocent IV re-confirms “Sicut Judaeis Non” a Papal Bull first issued by Calixtus II in 1120 “designed to provide protection for Jews from assaults by Crusaders” as they crossed Europe on their way to the Holy Land. (I cannot determine if the bull applied to the Jews in Jerusalem who slaughtered by the Christian Noble Knights)

1354: The Jewish communities of Catalonia and Valencia adopted statutes today that made “extermination of informers a public duty” in which “everyone was required to participate to the fullest measure. A similar statute was adopted by the Jews of Majorca. The informer of “moser” was constituted to be the lowest form of life among Jews, which, according to the Jewish Encyclopedia, the Talmud equated the serpent.

1396: Ottoman Emperor Bayezid I defeats a Christian army at the Battle of Nicopolis. The Battle of Nicopolis is referred to as the Last Crusade.  The clash was between the Moslem Ottomans and a alliance of Hungarian and French knights.  This French connection is ironic considering other events taking place at that time. In 1394, two years before this climatic fight, “Sultan Yildirim Bayezid invited the French Jews who were molested by King Charles VI, to the Ottoman Empire. They were settled in Edirne and the Balkans. The French Kings had the habit of inviting the Jews to establish commerce and borrowing money from them. However often, when payment was due, they expelled them; only to re-invite them when they needed further financing.”

1506: Charles V began his reign as Lord of the Netherlands. In 1522, Charles issued a proclamation against Christians who were suspected of being lax in the faith and against Jews who had not been baptized in Gelderland and Utrecht; and he repeated these edicts in 1545 and 1549.

1534: Pope Clement VII passed away.  At the time of his death Pope Clement was attempting to free 1200 Marranos that he felt had been unjustly imprisoned by the Inquisitions in Portugal.  His unusual attempt to gain mercy for these people died with his death.

1669: Events began today that would result in another blood libel in Germany.  In the village of Glatigny, near Metz, Whilhelmina, the wife of Giles Lemoine, lost track of her three year old son Didier while she was doing laundry at the fountain in the village square. A search by the villagers proved fruitless. Then Daniel Payer told the searchers he had seen “a Hebrew with a heavy bear mounted on a white horse hurrying toward Metz and carrying in his arms a child about three years old.” The searchers then headed to Metz where they were told by a man who lived near the city gate that he had seen a Hebrew enter the city but he did not have a child. It was finally deduced that the man in question was Raphael Levi, a Jew living in Boulai, a village near Metz.  A warrant was then sworn out for his arrest. [see tomorrow’s blog for the next installment of this unfolding tragedy]

1694: Birthdate Henry Pelham who while serving as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom would oversee the passage of the Jew Act of 1753, which allowed Jews to become naturalized by application to Parliament.

1739(22ndof Elul, 5499):Marcus Mordechai Mozes Drukker passed away in Amsterdam.

1740: Nathan Levy who had applied for a plot of ground to be used as a place of burial for his family in 1738 obtained this grant today, and the plot was thenceforth known as the "Jews' burying-ground"; it was the first Jewish cemetery in the city, and was situated in Spruce street near Ninth street; it has been the property of the Congregation Mickvé Israel for more than a century.  Levy, who was born in 1704 and died in 1753, was one of the first Jews to live in Philadelphia.

1775(1stof Tishrei, 5536): Rosh Hashanah is celebrated for the first time after the firing of "the shot heard 'round the world"

1779(15thof Tishrei, 5540): Sukkoth

1789: The establishment of religion on a national level was expressly prohibited in the U.S. with the adoption of the First Amendment, the opening words of which read: 'Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.'  This line from the Bill of Rights gave de jure recognition to a concept that has made the American experience different for the Jews than anything else that they had encountered during their centuries of living in the Diaspora.  There would be examples of discrimination against Jews in the United States such as covenanted real estate, college quotas, and oaths invoking the Christian deity.  But these proved to be minor compared  to what had happened elsewhere in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East where Jews were second class citizens because there was always a state religion be it Islam or Christian. Final ratification of the First Amendment would come in 1791.

1794(1st of Tishrei, 5555): As they observe Rosh Hashanah, French Jews can join their countrymen in a sense of a safety following the execution of Maximilien Robespierre and the end of the Reign of Terror

1798(15th of Tishrei, 5559): As Jews begin the observance of Sukkoth, the festival of thanksgiving, English Jews are thankful; for the victory that Lord Nelson has given them at the Battle of the Nile, while French Jews are thankful for Napoleon’s victories in Egypt

1812: Birthdate of Karl Biedermann, the liberal German politician who was an advocate for Jewish emancipation.

1813(1st of Tishrei, 5574): As the American War with Britain grinds into a second year Jews on both sides observe Rosh Hashanah

1817(15th of Tishrei, 5578): Sukkoth

1820(17th of Tishrei, 5581): Sukkoth Chol Had Moed

1820(17th of Tishrei, 5581):Bezalel ben Joel Ronsburg who served as a rabbi, dayan and rosh yeshiva in Prague who counted Zacharias Frankel as one of his pupils passed away today.

1832(1st of Tishrei, 5593): As English Jews observe Rosh Hashanah most of them are pleased with the recent passage of the Reform Act which created a Parliament more reflective of the changes in British society, but saddened because it did not deal with the issue of Jewish Disabilities.

1832:Jews living in Sydney, Australia gathered at Mr. Rowell's shop on George Street which had been fitted out as synagogue to hold Rosh Hashanah services.

1841(10th of Tishrei, 5602): Yom Kippur

1843(1st of Tishrei, 5604): Rosh Hashanah

1847(15th of Tishrei, 5608): Sukkoth

1860(9th of Tishrei, 5621): Erev Yom Kippur

1860: Representatives of the Hebrew Benevolent were among those attending the meeting of the National Emigrant Benevolent Association which was held this afternoon at the rooms of the German Society. 

1861(21st of Tishrei, 5622): Hoshana Rabah

1861:At their meeting this evening, the Board of Alderman in New York adopted the report of the Finance Committee which included a recommendation that $30,000 should be given to the Hebrew Benevolent Society for the erection of a hospital.

1862(1st of Tishrei, 5623): Rosh Hashanah

1862: As the Jews of Louisville, KY, including members of the Brandeis and Dembitz families, observed the Jewish New Year, Union forces led by General Don Carlos Buell began moving into the city. They were part of an army that was moving to stop the advance of Confederate forces under Braxton Bragg. Ultimately Bragg’s “invasion” of Kentucky and Ohio would fail driving another nail in the Confederate’s coffin.

1863: Birthdate of Dr. Moses Hyamson, Senior Dayan or Chief Judge of the Ecclesiastical Court of the United Synagogue of London who would become the rival candidate  for the office of Chief Rabbi of Great Britain to which Rabbi Joseph H. Hertz would be chosen.  After losing out to Hertz, Hyamson would be named Rabbi of Congregation Orach Chaim in New York, the position that Hertz vacated when he became Chief Rabbi of Great Britain.

1864:The Jewish Synagogue erected for the congregation, Aderath Eb, was dedicated” this afternoon. “The edifice is situated in Twenty-ninth-street, between Lexington and Third-avenues, built of brick, and capable of accommodating about fire hundred people. The interior fittings are neat and handsome, without being gaudy. The services …were the customary dedication exercises, according to the Hebrew ritual. The sacred scrolls of the law were carried in procession three times around the Synagogue, and the perpetual lamp lighted in front of the arch while the Chazan and the choir chanted the Psalms of David.” Rabbi Morris Raphall and Rabbi Samuel M. Isaacs addressed the congregation.  Captain Burdick  “and a squad of the Twenty-first Precinct Police, rendered efficient aid in preserving order at the door and keeping out unbidden guests.”

1864:According to an article published today entitled, The Last Copperhead Plot and How it Miscarried, one of the plotters was a Jew named Rosenthal who had settled as a clothing dealer in Sandusky, Ohio about two years ago. He claimed to have been driven out of Richmond for Union sentiments but he is known to be an outspoken Copperhead.

1871(10th of Tishrei, 5632): Yom Kippur

1871: It was reported today that a bill has been introduced in the French Parliament to take away the rights of citizenship granted to the Jews born in Algeria.  The proposal was made in response to Moslem uprising in Algeria. A Jewish delegation that included the Chief Rabbi, Albert Cohn and Joseph Cohen testified before the committee that is reviewing the proposal.

1874: As the dispute over the management of the Hebrew Orphan Asylum escalated, Raphael Lewin, the editor of New Era wrote to the New York Times challenging the recently published resolution adopted by the Directors of that institution. The directors claimed that Lewin’s claims of mismanagement which were to appear in his magazine were false and brought with malicious intent.  Lewin responded that he stood ready to prove his charges “and the purity of” his “motives” in publishing them.

1874(14th of Tishrei, 5635): Erev Sukkoth and Erev Shabbat are celebrated on the same evening.

1874: Rabbi Isaacs led Sukkoth eve festivals at the 44thStreet Synagogue in New York City.

1874: At Temple Emanuel the prominent Reform congregation on 5thAvenue, a larger than usual crowd attended services which were augmented by the singing of a Choir.

1879: A fire destroyed the business on Main Street in Deadwood, SD including “the wooden huts and muddy streets where the first Jewish inhabitants conducted their business.” The Jewish population had grown to over a hundred during the gold rush that enveloped the area. Reportedly “about one-third of all the early buildings on Main Street were owned or occupied by Jewish merchants. These were mostly traditional Jewish enterprises such as dry goods or those related to clothing.” The fire was probably not a case of anti-Semitic arson. Although no report exists as to the origin of the fire, such outbreaks were a common occurrence in the United States (see Chicago Fire, San Francisco Fire) at a time when there were no building codes and most buildings were wooden. 

1881(2nd of Tishrei, 5642): 2nd day of Rosh Hashanah

1881: Samuel Greenbaum presided over tonight’s memorials service hosted by the Young Men’s Hebrew Association in honor of the late President Garfield.

1881: “Echoes From Beyond the Sea” published today described events in Europe and Asia Minor including renewed application by English and German Jews made to the Turkish government for the purchase of land in Syria.  Jews  would then “emigrate from European countries where life is intolerable” helped along by the construction  of roads and railways financed by wealthy Jews living on the Continent and England.

1884: In Philadelphia, David Longsdorf objected to the newspaper reports that treated the marriage of his friend Henry Friedman to Sarah Schuer in the same way as they did the elopement of Victoria Morsini. Friedman, whose father had helped form the Cameron Dragoons which fought with distinction during the Civil War and his bride had known each other for quite some time. The two Reform Jews did elope but were married under a Chupah by Dr. Silberman, an Orthodox rabbi in the presence of a minyan

1885: Congregation B’Nai Jehsurun brought suit today in District Court against the estate of the late Joseph Levy for the amount of $100 - $75 for the religious services including the cost of “watchers” and $25.00 for the grave. Marcus Cohen, president of the congregation, testified that normally the charge is $300 but due to the circumstances of the death, the charges were reduced.

1886: Vanity Fair published a “picture” of Sir John Simon, the Jamaican born Jewish Member of Parliament who spent the last twenty years of his life working to ameliorate the conditions of the Jews of Russia.

1886: “Jew And Catholic” published today reported that the marriage of David Bretzfelder, a  28 year old Jewish letter carrier and Kittie Cannon, a young Roman Catholic has caused a great deal of discussion today in New Haven, Connecticut since it is “the first of its kind that ever took place in this city.”

1886: According to a summary of the annual report of the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society of New York published today, “four hundred and fifteen children are now cared for by the society, and its finances are in good condition, although further donations are need to meet the increasing demands of the institution.”

1889(29th of Elul, 5649): Erev Rosh Hashana

1889: In its appeal for funds published today, the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society of New York reported that since opening is doors it has cared for 1,428 children, 560 of whom are currently receiving services.

1889: The Jews of San Diego, California, gathered at Second and Beech Street to greet the Jewish New Year of 5650 and pray in their own house of worship.

1890: It was reported today that “during the last fifteen years” Broadway has become “the principal highway of Jewish mercantile enterprise in America” as can be seen by the fact that business signs have given way to primarily “Hebrew names.”

1891: “Joseph Barondess, the ex-leader of the Cloak-makers’ Union disappeared today while out on bail during his appeal of a conviction for extorting money from the cloak manufacturers.

1891: “The issue of the American Hebrew published today contained a letter from Baron de Hirsch…which shows that he has by no means abandoned the plan of colonizing Russian Jewish refugees in the Argentine.”

1893(15TH of Tishrei, 5654): Sukkoth

1893 During the outbreak of Cholera in Italy, the Chief Rabbi of Leghorn ordered the grand synagogue be closed as a precautionary measure.

1893: It was reported today that “the anti-Semites represented by Dr. Forester and Rector Ahlwardt  have developed a parliamentary program” which will put an end to Jews immigrating to Germany.  They also seek to “prohibit Jews from owning land” and not to allow “Jews to enteral the medical, legal, editorial or military professions.

1894: “Jews Persecuted In Morocco” published today described the five pound tax they must pay “for passing along the principals highways” and the beatings and plundering to which they are regularly subjected.

1894: In Ireland, Lithuanian-Jewish immigrants Abraham William Briscoe and Ida Yoedicke gave birth to Robert "Bob" Briscoe who was a member of the IRA and Sinn Féin.

1895: It was reported today that the Hebrew Mutual Benevolent Society has paid $2,000 in foreclosure to acquire the property on the west side of Hoffman Street, south of 187th Street.

1895:In Lancaster, PA, Degel Israel an orthodox congregation was formed with about fifty members.

1896: “Olympia Theater Opened” published today described the premiere of Oscar Hammerstein’s new operetta “Santa Maria” the performance of which the critic described as “excellent.”

1897: Birthdate of American author William Faulkner.  Faulkner’s works were dotted with Jewish characters starting with a Jewish salesman in “Soldier’s Pay,” his first written novel published in 1926 to Barton Kohl, a Jewish pilot in “The Mansion,” published in 1959.  Faulkner’s treatment of Jewish characters changed over time. Alfred J. Kutzik reportedly published one of the definitive articles on anti-Semitism in Faulkner’s early works. For more on this topic, consult “Creative Awakening: The Jewish Presence in 20th Century American Literature” by Louis Harap.

1897: Jacob Aaron Cantor, a successful lawyer and New York political leader, married Lydia Greenbaum.  His first wife had passed away 8 years earlier.  The couple had three children.

1897: “The Essenes Still Exist” published today described a revelation made by Halevy at the Oriental Congress in which told the attendees about the existence of Abyssinian Jews where part of the same sect of Essenes who had lived at the time of Jews.  Numbering about 200,000 they are so strict in their observances that no water could be drawn on the Sabbath.

1897: It was reported today that Dr. Isidore Singer is preparing the Encyclopedia of the History and of the Intellectual Development of the Jewish Race “which will present in alphabetical order the most important publications which have appeared in all times relative to the Jews” and will follow :the format of the Encyclopedia  Britannica.

1898(9th of Tishrei, 5659): Erev Yom Kippur

1898: As Jews prepared to observe Yom Kippur beginning this evening, Dr. Joseph Silverman of Temple Emanu-El said of fasting and attending worship services, “It is matter of individual feeling and conscience.”

1898: Rabbi Kaufmann Kohler delivered a sermon to the congregants of Temple Beth El entitled “His Song Is With Me At Night” in which “he contended that religion was the song of God in the night of human selfishness and error.”

1898: On the lower east side a mob of angry Jews gathered in front of Herrick Brothers, the restaurant that advertised it would be open for Yom Kippur in the Forwards in an attempt to shut it down because it was a desecration of the holiday.

1898: “Primitive Christianity” published today provides W.S. Lilly’s view of the early Christians who “were not as yet manifested to world as a Church” but were “a Jewish sect, practicing all the requirements of the Jewish law and nourishing their religious life from the Jews sacred books.

1899:In order to continue "Die Welt", a syndicate in the form of a joint-stock company is founded by the Actions Committee.

1899: “What Anti-Semitism Has Cost France” published today described the negative impact that the Jew-baiters Regis, Drumont and their supports have had on the economy of Algiers.  In 1898 there were 83 bankruptcies which has risen to 105 so far this year while the wealthy English and Americans are no longer renting expensive villas.

1900: In New York, members of Temple Beth El continued to be dismayed by the long simmering breach between Rabbis Kaufman Kohler and Samuel Schulman that bubbled to the service during Rosh Hashanah Services on the previous day. According to accounts in the press, the breach was a generational matter.  Kaufman, who appealed to the older members, preached in German, a language incomprehensible to the younger generations.  Schulman, who had been brought from the west preached in English and was the choice of younger members.  “Both of the rabbis declined to discuss the matter.  H.S. Herman, one of the TempleTrustees” publicly denied that there was any friction between the two rabbis.  This episode is not the first, nor the last, in generational conflicts that will arise in American congregations.

1901: The funeral of Simon Sterne, the noted attorney and “authority on railroad and constitutional law” will take place this morning at 40 W. 59th Street followed by burial in the Salem Fields Cemetery.

1903(4th of Tishrei, 5664): Sixty-nine year old Kilian von Steiner the German-Jewish  banker, industrialist and patron of the arts who was ennobled by King William of Wurttenberg passed away today.

1903: Birthdate of Mark Rothko. Rothko was a painter who is often classified as an abstract expressionist, although he vociferously denied being an abstract painter. He was born Marcus Rothkowitz in Daugavpils (Dvinsk), Russia (now Latvia) and emigrated to the United States in 1916.His work concentrated on basic emotions, often filling the canvas with very few, but intense colors, using little immediately-apparent detail. In this respect, he can also be considered to presage the color field painters (see Helen Frankenthaler).Although respected by other artists, Rothko remained in relative obscurity until 1960, supporting himself by teaching art. In 1958, Rothko was commissioned by architect Philip Johnson to paint a series of murals for the Four Seasons restaurant in the Seagram Building in New York. This substantial project was completed in late 1959. Ultimately, Rothko was not happy having his paintings as the backdrop to gourmet dining so he gave a set of nine of the maroon and black works to the Tate Gallery, where they are on permanent display in an installation designed by Rothko. In 1967, Rothko again collaborated with Johnson on a church in Houston, Texas, contributing 14 related works in an installation setting. The church has subsequently become known as "The Rothko Chapel". Numerous other works are scattered in museums throughout the world. Rothko's work was secretly supported by the CIAwhich considered it "free enterprise painting".  After a long struggle with depression, Rothko committed suicide by cutting his wrists in his New York studio on February 25, 1970. After his death, his son edited and released Rothko's novel, An Artist's Reality, which was incomplete at the time of his death, despite decades of work. Following his death the settlement of the Rothko estate became the subject of a famous court case.

1905: Birthdate of Professor Nahman Avigad Israeli archeologist famed for his work at Masada, on the Dead Sea Scrolls, and most important of all the excavation of the Old City starting in 1969. Among his discovries were the great menorah from the Second Temple and the Broad Wall mentioned in the Book of Nehemiah. He passed away in 1992.

1905: Pitcher Moxie Manuel made his major league debut with the Washington Senators.

1905: Fifty-two year old Jacques Marie Eugène Godefroy Cavaignac who while serving as Minister of War refused to join his colleagues in a move to overturn the conviction of Dreyfus even though he knew that the document used to convict him was a forgery, passed away today.

1906:  In Philadelphia, a box containing an infernal machine addressed to Jacob H. Schiff, the New York financier, was stolen to-day from a Chestnut Hill mail box by a boy, who thereby unwittingly upset a plot against Mr. Schiff's life. The box, disguised as a Rosh Hashanah candy gift, contained enough explosives to blow up the entire house.

1909(10thof Tishrei, 5670): Yom Kippur

1909: Four new Jewish schools were reported to have opened in Turkey.

1912:  ColumbiaUniversityGraduateSchoolof Journalism is founded in New York. The school and the Pulitzer Prizes which it awards were possible because of an endowment by publish Joseph Pulitzer.

1913:  Charlie Chaplin signed his first movie contract for $175.  Within three years he would be making $10,000 a week at Amutual Studios.  The Little Tramp was no bum.

1914: “Appeal to Jews for Aid” published today described the suffering of the Jews of Austria and their belief that Austro-Hungarian Empire was fighting to protect the rights and improve the lot of the Russian Jews suffering under the rule of the Czar.
 
1915(17thof Tishrei, 5676): Chol Ha Moed Sukkoth

1915(17thof Tishrei, 5676):2nd Lt Bernard Russell Abinger, the cousin of Midshipman Vivian George Edward S. Schreiber who had been killed while serving aboard HMS Monmouth lost his life while serving with His Majesty’s forces on the Western Front.

1915: Opening of the Battle of Loos, the massive British assault on the Western Front.

1917(9th of Tishrei, 5678): Erev Yom Kippur

1917: At noon today, U.S. soldiers and sailors begin furloughs granted so that they can observe Yom Kippur.

1918: In WW I, “Australian and New Zealand cavalrymen crossed the Jordan River and entered Amman.”  From the Mediterranean to the Jordan, Eretz Israel was now under the control of the British who had promised that this would be site of the Jewish home after the end of hostilities.

1919(1stof Tishrei, 5680): Rosh Hashanah is celebrated for the first time after the end of Great War.

1919: President Wilson suffers a stroke and collapses after a giving a speech calling for the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles. Wilsonhad returned from the Paris Peace Conference with a peace treaty designed not just to end the hostilities of World War I but to avoid future conflicts through the creation of the League of Nations.  Republicans led by Senator Lodge opposed the treaty and had the votes to block passage.  Wilsonbegan a cross-country campaign of public appearances designed to bring the weight of public opinion into the battle for ratification.  With the stroke, Wilson could no longer appear in public.  Lodge and the isolationists triumphed.  The treaty was rejected.  The United States did not join the League of Nations which rendered the international body virtually powerless even before it held its first meeting.  Wilsonpredicted that if the treaty and the League were rejected there would another world war within twenty years.  He would not live to see his tragic prophecy come true.  Would World War II have been avoided if the League had been the organization envisioned by Wilson?  Would the Holocaust have not happened if Wilson’s health had not failed?  We will never know. 

1920 (13th of Tishrei, 5681):  On Shabbat, Jacob H. Schiff, banker and philanthropist passed away.


1923(15th of Tishrei, 5684): Sukkoth

1927: Stephen W. Wise is scheduled to officiate at the funeral services for Rabbi Rudolph Grossman being held at the West End Synagogue.

1929: Birthdate of Irving Louis Horowitz, the Rutgers professor who was “an eminent sociologist and prolific author.” (As reported by Douglas Martin)

1926: Birthdate of Mel Mermelstein a Hungarian-born Jew who was the sole-survivor of his family's extermination at Auschwitz. He defeated the I.H.R. in an American court and had the occurrence of gassings in Auschwitz during the Holocaust declared a legally incontestable fact.

1928: Birthdate of Robert Zuckerkandle, who gained fame and fortune as Robert Chandler, the CBS executive who played a crucial role in creating the highly rated and critically acclaimed weekly newsmagazine “60 Minutes,”    

1930:  Birthdate of humorist and author Shel Silverstein.  His works covered a broad range of topics and interests.  They ranged from the children's book The Giving Tree to the country hit "A Boy Named Sue."

1931:  Birthdate of broadcaster Barbara Walters.

1932: Birthdate of Canadian concert pianist, Glen Gould.  Russia, America, even Canada– a Jew, a piano and viola, a concert performer.

1933: Rabbi Simcha Solovetchick, who studied under Rabbi Israel Meir HaCohen Kagan, the Chofetz Chaim, helped to lead the memorial services for his mentor which were held at Synagogue Tifereth Israel in Brooklyn.

1936(10th of Tishrei, 5697): Yom Kippur

1936: The Maccabee soccer team of Palestine has gone through its final drill at Yankee Stadium in preparation for its  match with the All Stars which will be played in the House that Ruth Built.

1938(29thof Elul, 5698): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1938: In the Boyle Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles, Abe Hoffman whose family lived behind their store at 2309 East Fourth Street was born at Lincoln Hospital

1938: At seven o’clock in the morning Levi Yitzchok Bender “out to Rebbe Nachman's gravesite for a few minutes to recite the Tikkun HaKlali (the "General Remedy" which is customarily recited at the gravesite). He was spotted by another Jewish man known to be a government informer. Bender pleaded with the man not to report him, but as he walked back to his friend's house, he noticed the informer following him. Since he was familiar with all the back roads of Uman, he managed to shake him off his trail.

1939(12th of Tishrei, 5700): Harold U. Hirsch who played football at the University of Georgia from 1900 to 1901, studied law at Columbia University and was the general counsel for The Coca-Cola Company for more than thirty years passed away today.  According to some Hirsch was instrumental in the development of the unique shape of the Coca-Cola bottle and the logo in 1913. In 1932, a new building was completed for the University Of Georgia School Of Law, a building named Harold Hirsch Hall in honor of Hirsch.

1940(22ndof Elul, 5700): Forty-eight year old Walter Benjamin killed himself with “an overdose of morphine tablets” tonight as he awaited repatriation to France where he would be turned over to the Nazis.

1941: In Kovno, the Germans gave the Jewish Council 5,000 work passes, placing upon them the burden of choosing who shall work and live, and who shall die.

1942: While sailing from Newfoundland to the United Kingdom the SS President Warfield was attacked by a German submarine 800 miles west of Ireland.  The ship evaded the torpedoes and made it safely to port.  The SS SS President Warfield would gain fame in 1947 as the SS Exodus.

1942(14th of Tishrei, 5703): Erev Sukkoth

1942(14th of Tishrei, 5703): Four hundred eighty-one French Jews, including Rene' Blum, the brother of the former French Prime Minister were killed in Birkenau.

1942: Despite growing resistance, 2,000 Jews from Kaluszyn were sent to be killed at Treblinka. Kaluszyn was a predominantly Jewish town in Poland about thirty miles from Warsaw.   The Jewish population grew as Jews from other areas sought refuge there.  Unfortunately most of them ended up at Treblinka. The Sefer Kalushin or Book of Kaluszyn describes the fate of the community in grim detail.

1942: Two thousand more Jews were deported from the "show ghetto" at Theresienstadt.

1942: Learning about the impending liquidation of their ghetto, some Jews of Korets, Ukraine sought refuge in the woods while others resist by setting the ghetto ablaze. Resistance is led by Moshe Gildenman.

1942: Swiss police decree that race alone does not guarantee refugee status, thus preventing Jews from crossing the Swiss border to safety.

1942: Seven hundred Romanian Jews, interned at Drancy, are deported to Auschwitz.

1942(14th of Tishrei, 5703): Abraham Gamzu, chairman of the Jewish Council at Kaluszyn, Poland, is executed after refusing to deliver Jews for deportation. Six thousand of the town's residents are deported to the Treblinka death camp and later killed.

1942: Lian Berkowitz, a member of the anti-Nazi Red Orchestra was arrested and formally charged today in Berlin.

1942(14th of Tishrei, 5703): 475 French Jews are gassed at Auschwitz. One of the victims is ballet director René Blum, the brother of former French Prime Minister Léon Blum.

1942:  The SS Warfield, an American coastal ship that had been “lent” to the British avoided being sunk  during a U-boat  torpedo attack as steamed  towards the British Isles.  The SS Warfield would enter historyfive years later as the SS Exodus.

1943: The Chief Rabbi of Athens, Ilia Barzilai, escaped from the city disguised as a peasant. He reached Thessaly where he promoted the Greek partisans, saving some 600 Jews by smuggling them across the Aegeanto Turkey. The smuggled boats and money came from the Jewish Labor Federation in Palestine.

1943: After two days of selections, only 2,000 out of 10,000 Jews remained in the Vilna Ghetto. They were placed in local labor camps.

1944: BirthdateEugenia Zukerman, the multitalented flutist, author, and journalist.Zukerman was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She started to study English at Barnard, but later transferred to the JulliardSchool where she studied with flutist Julius Baker. Zukerman went on to win the Young Concert Artist Award in 1971, beginning her career with rave reviews and a warm welcome by the music world. During her career, Zukerman has performed with orchestras, in solo and duo recitals, and in chamber music ensembles in North America, Europe, and Asia. Since 1998, Zukerman has served as Artistic Director of the international Vail Valley Music Festival in Colorado's Rocky Mountains. Zukerman's talent and career cannot be condensed into one area, however. In addition to her musical achievements, Zukerman is an author of two novels and several screenplays, and is also a journalist, reporting as the arts correspondent for CBS Sunday Morning since 1980.

1945: A parade was held at Bergen-Belsen in the British zone of occupied German marking the first Congress for Survivors.

1948:As Dmitri Shostakovich celebrates his birthday today while awaiting arrest by the Soviet secret police, he listens to a performance of “From Jewish Folk Poetry,” a medley of tunes which he had written as sign of solidarity with the Jewish artists being persecuted by Stalin.

1949(2ndof Tishrei, 5710): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1951: New York’s Mayor Impellitteri left Rome today aboard an Israeli government plane which was flying him to Tel Aviv.

1956: A Jordanian patrol crossed the border into Israel and opened fire on a group of women picking olives near the village of Aminadav killing Zohara Umri, an immigrant from Yemen.

1956: The Israeli Cabinet discussed a reprisal mission for the terrorist attacks.  Ben-Gurion called for a “vigorous” response in the upcoming night time attack.

1959: Shaaray Tefila dedicated its new sanctuary on the corner of East 79thStreet and Second Avenue.

1959: A summit meeting between Eisenhower and Khrushchev during which the treatment of Soviet Jews is to be one of the topics opens today at Camp David, MD.

1961: Premiere of “The Hustler,” the dark film starring Paul Newman, produced and directed by Robert Rossen for which Eugen Schüfftan won the 1962 Academy Award for Best Cinematography, Black-and-White.

1965: After 220 performances “Do I Hear a Waltz?”  a musical with a book by Arthur Laurents, music by Richard Rodgers, and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim closed its initial Broadway run at the 46th Street Theatre.

1967: Following the Six Days War, Kfar Etzion was reestablished by the children of the original settlers. The Kibbutz was destroyed and its defenders (including women) massacred after surrendering in May 1948 during the War for Independence.

1967: Birthdate of Noreena Hertz, the daughter of “feminist activist Leah Hertz” and the “great-granddaughter Rabbi Joseph Hertz who The Observer dubbed as “one of the world’s leading young thinkers” and Vogue described as “one of the most inspiring women in the world.”

1970: The PLFP released the Jewish and Israeli hostages it had been holding since the so-called Dawson Field Hijackings.  The PLFP had previously released the other hostages on September 11.

1970 (24th of Elul, 5730): Ninety year old Estelle Liebling famed soprano and a member of a prominent Jewish musical family passed away today.

1970 (24th of Elul, 5730): Erich Paul Remarkpassed away at the age of 72.  Using the pseudonym of Erich Maria Remarque he gained fame as the German author of “All Quiet on the Western Front.” Writing from his experiences as a German soldier in World War I, Remarque wrote a novel about the folly of war.  The novel was later turned into a Hollywood hit movie.  The Nazis disapproved of the book and banned and burned copies of it. For the Nazis it was not enough to brand Remarque, a Catholic, as a pacifist.  They created the myth that he was a Jew named Kramer and even worse, the Kramers had originally been French Jews.  What is worse than being a Jew?  Not being a Jew but being branded as one.

1972:“A National Conference on Soviet Jewry National Assembly was convened at B’nai B’rith headquarters in Washington, DC.”

1973: King Hussein of Jordan secretly flew to Tel Aviv to warn Prime Minister of an impending attack by the Syrians.  The king said he thought, but was not entirely sure, that the Syrians would not being contemplating this unless the Egyptians were going to attack as well.  Mrs. Meir and her advisors including the Defense minister ignored the warnings.

1976(1stof Tishrei, 5737): Last observance of Rosh Hashanah under President Ford.

1977: The Jerusalem Post reported that the cabinet was expected to accept a new American plan for the reconvening of the Geneva Peace Conference.

1980(15thof Tishrei, 5741): Sukkoth is observed for the last time under President Carter.

1980: Leonard Bernstein conducts the premiere performance of Divertimento for Orchestra.

1980(15thof Tishrei, 5741): Ninety-year old  labor organizer and early champion for the rights of working women Rose Finkelstein Norwood passed away today.
 
1982: “Peace Now held a mass protest in Tel Aviv in order to pressure the government to establish a national inquiry commission to investigate the massacres, as well as calling for the resignation of the Defense Minister Ariel Sharon.”

1985(10th of Tishrei, 5746): Yom Kippur

1985: PLO terrorists from Force 17 “hijacked an Israeli yacht off the coast of Larnaca, Cyprus” and murdered the three Israelis on board in cold blood.

1986: Third season of “The Cosby Show” co-created by Ed Weinberger began tonight.

1993(10thof Tishrei, 5754): Yom Kippur is observed for the first time under President Clinton.

1995(1st of Tishrei, 5756): Rosh Hashanah

1995:In Atlanta, GA,Dr. Stan Fineman, his head and shoulders draped with a traditional prayer shawl, will raise a shofar to his lips and join with millions of other Jews around the world today in carrying out a tradition that has been used to usher in the Jewish New Year since biblical days.

1995: Barton Gellman reported today on an agreement that would “extend self-rule to more than 1 million Palestinians.

1997:José Joaquín Bautista Arias, the Dominican born right handed pitcher with the Israeli wife, pitched his final major league baseball game for the St. Louis Cardinals.

1997: NBC broadcast “Veronica’s Closet” a sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman for the first time.

1998: In Cincinnati, Ohio, Sabrina and Todd Thalbum give birth to their daughter Gabriella Elizabeth (Gavriella Elisheva) Thalblum

1999(15thof Tishrei, 5760): Sukkoth is celebrated for the last time in the 20thcentury.

2003(28th of Elul, 5763):Franco Modigliani, winner of the 1985 Nobel Prize for Economics, passed away. In 1939, Modigliani was forced to flee from his native Italy because of his Jewish ancestry and anti-fascists views.  Active until the end, Modigliani enlisted fellow Nobel laureates Paul Samuelson  and Robert Solowin 2003 to write a letter published in The New York times chiding the Anti-Defamation League for honoring Italy's Prime Minister, Silvio Berlusconi. Berlusconi had recently defended Mussolini’s conduct toward Jews during World War II.

2004(10thof Tishrei, 5765): Yom Kippur takes on a special solemnity as the thoughts of Jews turn to those fighting and dying in Afghanistan and Iraq

2005: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest includingThe Marchby E. L. Doctorow and The Shame of the Nation: The Restoration of Apartheid Schooling in America by Jonathan Kozol.

2005: The Jerusalem Post reported that a research grant of $5.6 million in the field of bio-defense has been awarded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), to a Hebrew University of Jerusalem researcher for the development of a broadly effective drug against a family of toxins called super antigens.

2005 (21st of Elul, 5765): Jewish psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner, founder of Head Start, passes away.

2006(3rd of Tishrei, 5767):Tzom Gedaliah

2007: In Washington, D.C., Bloomingdale’s under the leadership of CEO Michael Gould holds a private reception for “local officials and other bigwigs” prior to the public opening of its new store in the Friendship Heights neighborhood.  Of the store and its opening Gould said, “We have a lot of faith in this community.  This is our best foot forward in Washington.’” Gould serves on the Board of Trustees of Hebrew College in Boston is a sustaining Fellow of Harvard University’s Center for Jewish Studies and serves as Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the American Jewish Committee.

2007: Yuval Baruch, an achaeologist with the Israeli Antiquities Authority, announced the discovery of a quarry compound which provided King Herod with the stones to renovate the second Temple. It houses the Temple Mount Coins, pottery and iron stake found proved the date of the quarrying to be about 19 BC. Archaeologist Ehud Netzer confirmed that the large outlines of the stone cuts is evidence that it was a massive public project worked on by hundreds of slaves.

2007: Jerome “McDonnell hosted John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt to discuss their controversial book The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy  on Chicago Public Radio station WBEZ (91.5

2007: The Jewish Film Festival in Dallas, TX comes to a close.

2007: Eighty-year old Brigadier General Felix Sparks “an American military commander who led the 3rd Battalion of the 157th Infantry Regiment of the 45th Infantry Division of the United States Army, the first Allied force to enter Dachau concentration camp and liberate its prisoners” passed away today.

2008:  Yehuda Amital officially announced his retirement in the yeshiva, to take effect on the last day of the Jewish month of Tishrei, in the year 5769 (October 28, 2008). He also announced that Mosheh Lichtenstein, the son of his co-Rosh Yeshiva Aharon Lichtenstein, would assume the position as the fourth Rosh Yeshiva on that same day.

2008: Ryan Braun hit his first grand slam home run.

2008: In Montreal, demolition began on Bens De Luxe Delicatessen and Restaurant, a culinary institution opened by Ben and Fanny Kravitz in 1908.

2008: Paul McCartney appears in concert in Tel Aviv “43 years after being banned by the Israeli government.”  At the time, Yaakov Sarid, the Education Ministry’s director was blamed for the cancellation.  According to Sarid’s son, the concert was cancelled because of a dispute between two Israeli concert promoters, Yaakov Uri and Giora Godik.

2008: At Columbia University’sInstitute for Israel and Jewish Studies, The Sylvia and Joseph Radov Lectures present Amos Oz the renowned Israeli author, Agnon Professor of Hebrew Literature at Ben-Gurion University whose topic for the evening is entitled “Between Israel and Palestine “

2008:Students and visitors at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem will be able to look at the stars through Albert Einstein's long lost telescope starting this evening. University officials said it had been completed renovated after being retrieved from a storage shed. The legendary physicist who theorized the famous relations among energy, speed and mass received the telescope in 1954, the year before he died.
 
2008:Natural population growth in Israel that was partially canceled out by negative growth in the Diaspora resulted in a net increase in the past year of 70,000 Jews, according to data released today by the Jewish Agency ahead of Rosh Hashana. There are 13.3 million people around the world who define themselves as Jewish and who do not belong to any other faith.

2009: In New Orleans, Touro Synagogue celebrates Shabbat Shuvah with services and a Friday night dinner.

2009: In Jerusalem, Boris and Friends and the Klezmerim appear at the Alrov Mamilla Avenue amphitheater.

2009: Mark Landler provides background about Michael Oren in “Israel Ambassador Draws on American Roots”

2009: The Guggenheim presents “It Came from Brooklyn” a multi-dimensional cultural event that features cellist Yoed Nir and readings from Rivka Galchen.

2009:An Israeli airstrike to night killed three members of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad movement who were on their way to fire rockets into Israel.
 
2009:Ehud Olmert, the former prime minister of Israel, appeared in court today  for the opening of his trial on charges of corruption, a spectacle that could mark a new low in the annals of Israeli public life.
 
2010:Ed Miliband and David Miliband are two of the Laborite MP’s who are awaiting today’s announcement as to who would be the party’s new leader.

2010(17th of Tishrei, 5771): Shabbat Chol Ha-Moed Sukkoth.

2010: This evening the DC young professional Jewish community is scheduled to lead a tour of DC’s finest sukkahs where they will visit three locations with unique themes: Etrogs & Eggrolls, Lulavs & Leis, and Starlight & Sweets with each location featuring unique food and drinks.

2010:Former Cuban dictator Fidel Castro’s surprising words of support for Israel’s right to exist and empathy with the tragedies of Jewish history elicited warm words from Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu and a letter of thanks from President Shimon Peres. Castro, in a recent interview with The Atlantic’s Jeffrey Goldberg, said Israel “without a doubt” has the right to exist, and criticized Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad for his Holocaust denial, saying Iran should understand the consequences of theological anti-Semitism.

2011(26thof Elul, 5771): One hundred-nine year old psychologist and broadcast personality Helen Faith Keane Reichert, passed away today.

2011: Wolf “Blitzer was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters by the University of Hartford.”

2011:Israel Police confirmed today that the road accident that killed a man and his infant son near Kiryat Arba on Friday may have occurred after a rock was thrown at their vehicle. Police investigating the death of Asher, who was 25-years-old and his one-year-old son Yonatan Palmer, who were found in their car after it flipped over near the West Bank city, discovered a large rock with signs of blood on it.
 
2011: Ukrainian police detained dozens of people today protesting against what they called an uncontrolled influx of Jewish pilgrims to the town of Uman, police and the Ukrainian nationalist party Svoboda said. The protest, attended by about 100 people, took place days before the 70th anniversary of the Babi Yar massacre, the mass killing of Jews by Nazis after the occupation of Kiev in 1941. Uman, a town of 90,000 in central Ukraine, is the site of an annual pilgrimage by tens of thousands of Hasidic Jews who visit the grave of a prominent Jewish cleric, Rebbe Nachman of Breslov. Svoboda held the protest rally in Uman to demand stricter legal and sanitary controls on pilgrims. Its activists say the pilgrim influx must be better regulated and presents a security and health risk. "We are not anti-Semites, we do not have anything against Jews," Tetyana Chornomaz, the head of the regional Svoboda unit, told Reuters by telephone from Uman. "(But) we have many questions regarding their (pilgrims') stay in Ukraine." Chornomaz said riot police detained about 20 people following brief scuffles after the rally but it was not clear if they faced any charges. Interfax news agency quoted the Interior Ministry as saying police had detained about 60 people.

2011:The Taba Border Crossing was closed today to Israelis trying to enter Egypt, while anyone carrying a foreign passport was allowed to cross the border as usual. The decision came after the IDF announced that 2 days ago that forces on the Israel-Egypt border had been placed on high alert after threats were received that Hamas was planning terror activity in the area, the IDF spokesman's office stated..

2011: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including “The Quest” by Daniel Yergin, “The Sibling Effect” by Jeffrey Kluger, “A Contest For Supremacy: China, America and the Struggle for Mastery in Asia” by Aaron L. Friedberg and the recently released paperback issued of “Great House” by Nicole Krauss.

2011: The Los Angeles Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including “American Dreamers” How the Left Changed a Nation” by Michael Kazin, the son of Alfred Kazin and “The Quest” by Daniel Yergin.

2011: An exhibition at the Jewish Museum in New York entitled “Collecting Matisse and Modern Masters: The Cone Sisters of Baltimore” is scheduled to end today.



2012: As the family and friends of Gavi Thalublum prepare for Yom Kippur they share in the joy of her natal day.

2012:Security and rescue forces were on high alert and deployed in large numbers in Jerusalem and throughout the West Bank for Yom Kippur, which begins this afternoon and ends tomorrow at dusk. Ahead of the holiday, IDF Chief of Staff Lt.-Gen. Benny Gantz ordered a 48-hour closure of West Bank and Gaza Strip border crossings beginning yesterday at 11:59pm and continuing until tomorrow at 11:59pm, the IDF Spokesman's Office said yesterday.

2012:Several mortar shells fired from Syrian territory fell inside the Golan Heights today, marking the first time the ongoing violence in Syria has spilled inside Israel's borders.

2012: The White Sox will play the Cleveland Indians in Chicago starting at 1:10 in instead of 7:10 p.m. thanks in part to calls from fans asking that the game be moved so as not to conflict with Yom Kippur.  The change also means that White Sox third baseman Kevin Youkilis will be able to play the game and still keep his record of having never played on Yom Kippur intact.

2012(9thof Tishrei, 5773): Ninety year old Maurice S. Friedman, “Martin Buber’s biographer,” passed away today. (As reported by Paul Vitello)

2012(9thof Tishrei, 5773): In the evening, for the 90th year in a row, members of Temple Judah in Cedar Rapids, Iowa gather to begin their observance of Yom Kippur

G'mar Chatimah Tovah

2013: “Fill the Void” is scheduled to open in Tunkannock, PA

2013: “The Wiener Library is scheduled to host the UK launch of a new book co-edited by Anny Dayan Rosenman and Fransiska Louwagie. Un ciel de sang et de cendres: Piotr Rawicz et la solitude du témoin (A sky of blood and ashes: Piotr Rawicz and the loneliness of the witness) is a study of Ukrainian-French Holocaust survivor Piotr Rawicz and his novel Le sang du ciel (translated as Blood from the Sky).

2013(21stof Tishrei, 5774): Hoshanah Rabbah

2013: “Larry Ellison's Oracle Team USA defeated Emirates Team New Zealand to win the 34th America's Cup in San Francisco Bay, California.”

2013: A family from New York was the victim of a serious attack by rioting Arabs this afternoon, as they were making their way to pray on the Mount of Olives, east of Jerusalem's Old City. (As reported by Uzi Baruch and Ernie Singer)

2013: “Iranian President Hasan Rouhani today condemned the Holocaust as a crime against humanity in a CNN interview with Christiane Amanpour”

2013: Israeli forensics experts are helping the Kenyan government comb the site of the terrorist takeover of the Westgate Mall in Nairobi, Kenya’s cabinet secretary said on Twitter today. (As reported by Lazar Berman)

2014(1stof Tishrei, 5775): Rosh Hashanah
שנה טובה, כתיבה וחתימה טובה.

 

 

This Day, September 26, In Jewish History by Mitchell A Levin

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September 26

1187: Saladin launches his attack on Jerusalem

1348: Pope Clement VI issued a Bull contradicting the libel against the Jews stating that they were suffering just like the rest of Europe. Other rulers issued like denunciations but with little effect or no effect.

1350:Coronation of King John II of France, The Jews had been banished from France so there were no Jews living in his kingdom when he took the throne.  Thanks to the King’s folly, the Jews would return during his reign.  During the Hundred Years War, King John II was captured the English after the defeat at Battle of Poitiers.  The English demanded a substantial ransom from the impoverished and impotent French Dauphin, the future Charles V.  To raise funds, Charles enticed the Jews to return to France with a liberal charter of rights.  He then levied heavy taxes on them which helped to free the king. A wiser monarch than King John might have avoided the crushing defeat at Poitiers which meant that the Jews would have continued to be exiled from a large portion of western Europe.  

1629: Rabbi Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller returned to Prague after having finally been released from prison.  The terms of his release included payment of large fine and being deprived of the right to serve as a Rabbi any place in the Holy Roman Empire. He took to his bed, a broken man, for three months.  Friends succeeded in having the sentence reduced and helped him obtain a position in Russia.  The tragedies that befell this sage were not brought on by the gentiles. Rather, it was his fellow Jews in Bohemia, who felt that they had been, taxed unfairly who went to the civil authorities and lodged charges against him.  Then, and only then, did the Emperor become involved. 

1669: Today marked a continuation of events that had begun on September 25, 1669 in what can only be described as another blood libel. After a warrant had been sworn out for the arrest of Raphael Levi in the matter of the disappearance of 3 year old Christian child, the Jews of Metz (Germany) convinced him to surrender to authorities.  The Jews were animated by what they sensed was a growing threat to their safety.  Levi was a fifty-six year old merchant of medium height with a long, black beard who had traveled to the Levant, Italy, Germany and Holland on personal and Jewish communal business.  Currently, he lived at Boulai, a village near Metz, where he was the leader of the synagogue. Levi told authorities that he come to Metz to buy a shofar for the upcoming holiday, oil, wine and fish.  He arrived in Metz at 10 in the morning, left the city about one in the afternoon and arrived at Boulai by four in the afternoon.  The prosecution decided that he must have seen the child around 1 p.m., grabbed him and taken him home. Of the eighteen witnesses called, five claimed to have seen a Hebrew enter the city but only one of them identified Levi as being the person they had seen.  One witness “declared that he did not think” Levi “was the man he had met. Regardless, the court found Levi guilty and sentenced him to death.  Levi appealed to a higher court which granted him the right to call his own witnesses.  In the mean time, Levi was held in jail awaiting the determination of his final fate. [More will follow on this sad, but all too typical tale of European anti-Semitism]

1673:At a conference held in Wischaw, Moravia, today, between representatives of the government and of the Jews it was agreed that 250 Jewish families might return to Vienna and occupy fifty business places in the inner city on payment of 300,000 florins and the former yearly tax of 10,000 florins. In view of the hopelessly depleted treasury, the royal exchequer considered this offer a "remarkable piece of good fortune."

1679: In Dresden, Samuel Benedict Carpzov and his wife gave birth German Old Testament Scholar whom the Jewish Encyclopedia says  “represents both an advance and a retrogression in Biblical science — an advance in fullness of material and clearness of arrangement (his Introduction is the first work that deserves the name), and a retrogression in critical analysis, for he held fast to the literal inspiration of the Hebrew text of the Old Testament and bitterly opposed the freer positions of Simon, Spinoza, and Clericus. His antiquarian writings are still interesting and useful.

1699: Birthdate of Anglo-Irish actor Charles Macklin who revolutionized the portrayal of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice

1762: Birthdate of Moses Schreiber, known to his own community and Jewish posterity as Moshe Sofer, also known by his main work Chasam Sofer, (trans. Seal of the Scribe and acronym for Chidushei Toras Moshe Sofer), (1762 - 1839), was one of the leading Orthodox rabbis of European Jewry in the first half of the nineteenth century. He was a teacher to thousands and a powerful opponent to the Reform movement, which was then making inroads into many Jewish communities in Austria-Hungary and beyond. As Rav of the city of Bratislava, he maintained a strong Orthodox Jewish perspective through communal life, first-class education, and uncompromising opposition to Reform and radical change.

1768(15thof Tishrei, 5529): Sukkoth

1794(2nd of Tishrei, 5555): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1803(10thof Tishrei, 5564): Just two and a half months after the announcement of the Louisiana Purchas, Jews observe Yom Kippur in a much larger United States.
1832(2nd of Tishrei, 5593): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1832: In “The New Year’s Eve and Day of the Sons of Abraham,” published today the Sydney (Australia) Monitor reported that “the Jews of the colony assembled at the Jews' Synagogue held over Mr. Rowell's shop in George Street which is elegantly fitted out as such on Monday evening, being the last night of the year, according to the ancient chronology of the tribe of Judah, when prayers were said. On Tuesday morning and again in the evening, other meetings took place and worship was again performed.
 
The congregation formulated detailed rules of conduct. A committee member not attired in decent and respectable manner was to be fined a guinea for each such offence. No person could officiate at a service without permission from the president. No conversation must take place during services; and "those Gentlemen being the junior branches of their families will take special care they behave themselves in a manner becoming a place of Divine Worship". The order of service and religious principles of the congregation were to be those laid down by the Chief Rabbi of London.

1843(2ndof Tishrei, 5604): Rosh Hashanah

1849(10thof Tishrei, 5610): Yom Kippur

1849: Fifty Jews gathered in San Francisco for the first observance of Yom Kippur in that city.

1854: "Jamaica” published today reported that sermons are still being preached on the island in an attempt to get additional funds to support the destitute Jews in Jerusalem and its environs.  Despite the depressed economic conditions on the island, almost four thousand dollars has been collected which will be forwarded to Sir Moses Montifiore.

1860(10th of Tishrei, 5621): Yom Kippur

1860: The Cattle Markets column published this evening attributes some of the sluggishness in sales at the cattle yards on 44th street to the fact that the Jewish buyers were not there to make purchases because they were observing the Fast of Yom Kippur.

1860: Today's General News column included an item styled, “Yom Kippur – Day of Atonement’ that reported, “From sunset last evening until sunset to-day is observed by the Jews as the most solemn fast in their calendar. It is the "Day of Atonement," and during the time specified they abstain entirely from food and drink. According to Hebrew tradition, the Yom Kippur, even before the giving of the law, was a Day of Atonement and pardon. It is customary in the evening for parents to bestow their benediction on their children. If any quarrel or dispute exists between the Jews, it is obligatory on them to become reconciled. The moral influence of such a day, when all Jews, rich or poor, meet together in the synagogues and unite in the prayers, must necessarily be great... The origin of the fast is found in Leviticus, chapter xxiv., verse 26, which is as follows: "And the Lord spoke unto Moses, saying, speak unto the children of Israel, and say, also on the tenth day in the seventh month is the day of atonement: it shall be a holy convocation unto you. And ye shall afflict your souls, and offer a burn offering unto the Lord. And ye shall do no work in that same day, for it is a day of atonement to atone for you before the Lord your God. And every soul that shall not be afflicted on the same day, He will cut off from among His people. And every soul that does work on that same day, that soul will I destroy from among His people. Ye shall do no manner of work; this is a statute for ever unto all your generations, and throughout all your dwellings. It shall be unto you, the first among your Sabbaths, and ye shall afflict your souls, on the ninth day of the month at even; from even to even shall you celebrate your Sabbath."

1861:(22ndof Tishrei, 5622): Shemini Atzeret

1861:An article entitled “Benefit to the Jewish Hospital” reported that the will of Henry Hendricks has been admitted to probate and leaves $1,000 to the Jew’s Hospital and “$500 to Rev. J.J. Lyon, the Minister of the Congregation of the Shearith Israel.” Hendricks was the member of a prominent Sephardic family.  Hendricks is an anglicized form the Spanish name Henriques. 

1861: Jews and Christians alike took part in a national day of “fasting, humiliation and prayer.” Jews filled their synagogues as the people of New York ceased from commercial activity in a manner not even seen on the Sabbath.

1862(2ndof Tishrei, 5623): On the Second Day of Rosh Hashanah, Union Forces under the Command of Don Carlos Buell solidify  their position in Louisville, KY, thwarting the Rebel efforts to take the border state into the Confederacy.

1870(1stof Tishrei, 5631): Rosh Hashanah

1870: All of the 27 synagogues in New York City were filled with Jews celebrating their New Year.

1870: Chatham Street, the Bowery “and the various other streets” where the Jews conduct their business were as devoid as empty as they would be on the weekly day of rest.

1874(15th of Tishrei, 5635): Sukkoth

1874: “Chag Hassakoth” published today described the observance that began yesterday evening of the “Jew Festival of ‘Succoth,’ more familiarly known as the Feast of Tabernacles.”  “The attendance at the synagogues and temples was not large, in consequence of the holiday following so close on the New Year.”
 
1875:It was reported today that there are 19 Jewish congregations in New York

1877: Founding of the Herxheimer Fund which provides financial assistance that ‘enables poor Jewish students to attend normal schools in Germany.

1878: Several cases were heard in Part II of the Court of General Sessions (NYC) in which the defendants were charged with violating laws that banned keeping live fowl in dwellings.  The accused were all Jews who claimed that Jewish law required them to keep live fowl in their possession for three days before they could be killed. Since a religious defense was being used by the defendants, the prosecutor insisted that no Jews should serve on the jury.  After the jury had been seated, one of the jurors was excused because he looked like a Jew.  It turned out that the juror was the brother of a Christian minister.  The jury acquitted all of the accused.

1879(9thof Tishrei, 5640): Erev Yom Kippur

1879: “The Jewish Feast of Atonement” published today reported that “this evening the solemn fast of Yom Kippur or Day of Atonement, the most important observance in the Jewish ritual will commenced by the Jewish throughout the world.  The fast lasts from sundown on Friday evening until sunset on Saturday” a time during which “the devout Israelite does not permit either or drink of any kind to pass his lips.”  The article noted that Orthodox Jews observe the fast strictly while some Reform congregations in the United States have abolished the practice. “The services…consist chiefly of repeated confessions of the sins which have been committed during the past year and prayers for forgiveness.”

1881: “A Hebrew Memorial Meeting” published today described how Mr. Samuel Greenbaum, President of the Young Men's Hebrew Association presided over the Association's memorial service honoring the late President Garfield.  Among the dignitaries who attended the service was Mr. R.J. de Cordova who gave an eloquent eloquent eulogy.  Congressman Einstein concluded his remarks by saying. "Garfield needs no granite shat to mark his grave; he will live forever in the hearts of his countrymen."

1881: Birthdate of Ernst Gräfenberg, the German born American physician who developed the IUD. Gräfenberg literally owed his life to Margaret Sanger who ransomed him from a Nazi prison and brought him to the United States.

1884: “Defending Mr. Friedman” published today gave David Longsdorf’s account of the events surrounding the elopement of Sarah Scheuer and his friend Henry Friedman.  Longsdorf contends that the two had known each other for almost a year; that contrary to the claims of the bride’s father, he had known the groom since the first of the year.  The two lived within a block of each other and the groom’s sister had helped the bride with preparations for a New Year’s party in 1884.  The real objection to Friedman stems from the fact that while he could provide Sarah with a comfortable life-style, her father opposed the marriage because Friedman could not provide her with the lavish lifestyle of her father.  (Yes, this is the stuff of which news was made long before Entertainment Tonight, etc.)

1884: The Jews of New York City are scheduled to hold the first in a series of mass meetings to protest the refusal of the School Superintendent to allow children to be excused  from class for Yom Kippur.

1885: Judgment has not been rendered in the suit brought by Congregation B’Nai Jeshurun which is attempting to recoup funeral expenses from the estate of the late Joseph Levy who had committed suicide in Patterson, NJ.

1888:  Birthdate of the famed, influential poet, T.S. Eliot.  Was the author of “The Wasteland” and “The Love Song J. Alfred Prufrock” an anti-Semite as some have alleged?  For at least one answer read T. S. Eliot, Anti-Semitism, and Literary Form by Anthony Julius.

 1889: Birthdate of famed German intellectual, Martin Heidegger. Heidegger joined the Nazi Party on May 1, 1933, before being appointed the rector of the university in Freiburg. He resigned from the position in February 1934. During this time Heidegger's former teacher Husserl, who was Jewish, was denied the use of the university library at Freiburgbecause of the racial cleansing laws issued by the Nazi Party. Heidegger also removed the dedication to Husserl from Being and Time when it was reissued in 1941. Heidegger later claimed that this was due to pressure from his publisher, Max Niemeyer. Additionally, when Heidegger's Introduction to Metaphysics (originally published in 1935) was reissued after the war, he declined to remove a reference to the then current Nazi Party of Germany, choosing instead to add a parenthetical explanation about a confrontation between technology and man, stating the "inner truth and greatness of this movement [i.e., national socialism] (namely, the contact/opposition of planetary technology and modern man)" still existed. Many readers came to interpret this ambiguous remark as evidence of his continued belief in extreme right-wing political movements; although Heidegger himself refused to associate the comment with the former failed Nazi regime. The Nazi swastika symbol The National Socialist German Workers Party ( German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei), better known as the NSDAP or the Nazi Party was a political party that was led to power in Germany by Adolf Hitler in 1933. ...May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ...National socialism may refer to: Nazism, the political ideology of the German Nazi Party of the 1930s to 1940sCritics further cite Heidegger's affair with Hannah Arendt, when she was a doctoral student of his at the University of Marburg. This affair mostly went along in the 20s, sometime before Heidegger's involvement in Nazism, but it did not even end when she "fled" from him and moved to Heidelberg to continue with Karl Jaspers, and she later spoke on his behalf at his denazification hearings. Jaspers spoke against him at these same hearings, suggesting he would have a detrimental influence on young German students because of his powerful teaching presence. Arendt, who was Jewish, resumed their friendship, if extremely cautiously, after the war, despite or even because of the widespread contempt that Heidegger was held in for his political sympathies, and despite his being forbidden from teaching for a number of years.

1889(1st of Tishrei, 5650): Rosh Hashanah

1889: Possible birthdate of Rabbi Yisrael Abuhatzeira known as the Baba Sali or the "Praying a leading Moroccan rabbi and kabbalist who was renowned for his alleged ability to work miracles through his prayers. He was one of the leaders of the Aliyah of Moroccan Jewry to Israel, which saw the transfer of nearly the entire population of that community to the Holy Land. He passed away in 1894.  His burial place in Netivot, Israel has become a shrine for prayers and petitioners. The confusion about his birthdate comes from the fact that he was reportedly born on Rosh Hashanah 5650.  But he is also reported to have been born in 1890.  Rosh Hashanah in 1890 corresponds to 5651 on the secular calendar. 

1891: The New York Times reports Kaiser Wilhelm II has reversed his policy of not providing financial help to Russia and has permitted to Jewish banking houses in Berlinto open subscriptions for a new Russian loan.

1891: Solomon Hirsch, the United States Minister to Turkey sailed with his family on voyage that will take him back to America for a vacation that he hopes will last until December.

1892: Health authorities announced that there were no cases of cholera in New York City. “The present epidemic reached Western Europe from Russia and was mainly if not wholly due to the migration of the Jews whose persecution has been driving from that country.”

1893: In an unfolding conspiracy aimed at Jacob Bauman “who is connected with some of the wealthiest Hebrew families” in New York Max Kestenbaum and Ernest Sachs were arrested and immediately claimed that his wife, Mrs. Annie Baumann had paid them to lie during their divorce proceedings.

1894: “A Most Successful Beggar” published described the fate of Charles Burkowitz, a blind Russian Jew whose successful begging over the last ten years netted $3,000 which his uncle stole and took with him to Boston.

1895: The trial of Morris Schoenholz who is charged with arson in the first degree and is represented by Abraham Levy began today in Part I of the Court of General Sessions.

1896: Sara and Jacob Adler give birth to their son Jay Adler, the American actor.  Adler’s parents were thespians as were their other two children Jacob and Sara Adler.

1897(29thof Elul, 5657): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1897: Orders were issued from Police Headquarters to ignore the Sunday closing laws and allow the Jewish businessmen on Hester, Orchard and Ludlow Streets to conduct business prior to being closed for two days due to the Jewish New Year.

1897: Windows were unbarred and fire escapes were created in many of the buildings being temporarily used for High Holiday services on the Lower East Side following inspection visits by city building inspectors.

1897: Birthdate of Max Schur, the native of Stanisławów who became a doctor and a friend of Sigmund Freud.

1897: A report of Rowland Strong published today described the meeting of the Oriental Congress where a paper had been read describing a tribe of Abyssinian Jews who are strictly observant but are faithful to the king “and exhibit no desire join Herr Herzl in his trip to Palestine.”

1898: The list of evening classes that will be offered by the YMHA starting in October published today included bookkeeping, stenography, typewriting, Spanish, German, Hebrew, Jewish History, literature, political economy, drawing and sketching.

1898: A summary of the third annual report of the Hebrew Infant Asylum of which Mrs. Ester Wallenstein is President published today noted that there are currently 43 children under the age of five staying at the facility on Mott Street.  The asylum does not care for children over the age of five.

1898(10th of Tishrei, 5659): Yom Kippur

 1898: Dr. Joseph Silverman of Temple Emanu-El is scheduled to give a sermon today entitled “A Pure World.”

1898: “Yom Kippur Observance” published today reported that “At sundown yesterday Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, the most solemn of all Jewish days of religious observance, began for Jews of both the orthodox and reform churches, to end at sundown to-day. These twenty-four hours are specially dedicated to fasting and prayer, and serve the purpose of reconciling the soul of the devout Jew to his God.”

1933 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...1898: Birthdate of composer George Gershwin.  Born Jacob Gershowitz in Brooklyn to Russian Jewish immigrants, GershwinFreiburg city from Schlossberg Freiburg im Breisgau is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, in the Breisgau region, on the western edge of the southern Black Forest (German: Schwarzwald) with about 200,000 inhabitants. ... wrote most of his works together with his elder brother lyricist Ira Gershwin. Gershwin composed both for Broadway and for the classical concert hall. Some of his works included Rhapsody in Blue, An American in Paris and Porgy and Bess.

1900: Birthdate of Gertrude Luckner the German social worker who was named as righteous among the Nations by Yad Vashem for assisting Jewish families in German and Poland; acts of heroism that resulted being imprisoned in Ravensbruck Concentration Camp.

1902 (24th of Elul, 5662): Seventy-three year old Levi Strauss, the man who put America in Blue Jeans, passed away to day in San Francisco.
 1902: “Mercedes” was legally registered as a brand name for one of the automobiles manufactured by DMG.  The car was named for Mercedes, the daughter of Jewish businessman Emil Jellinek.

1902: An item in the Jewish Chronicle of London focused on the consecration of a Sefer Torah and shofar in addition to several large barrels of apples and small containers of honey, all to be used by Jewish immigrants sailing shortly for South Africa. The short piece stressed that these items were needed since "the immigrants will be on the high seas during the ensuing festivals."

1907: New Zealand gains dominion status in the British Empire. Jews first arrived in Zealand in the 1830’s.  By the turn of the century, the Jewish population had reached about 1,300 souls which was less than one per cent of the population. Most of the Jews lived in Auckland and Wellington, home of Beth El Synagogue.

1908(1stTishrei, 5669): As the Jews celebrate Rosh Hashanah, William Howard Taft seeks to succeed T.R. as President of the United States.

1912(15thof Tishrei, 5673): Sukkoth is celebrated for the last time during the Presidency of William Howard Taft.

1913: Birthdate of Berthold Beitz, “the German steel industrialist who saves Jews” (As reported by Melissa Eddy)

1917(10th of Tishrei, 5678): Yom Kippur 

1917: During services at the B’Nai Israel in Bay Ridge, congregants contributed $10,000 to a fund for constructing a new synagogue.  Rabbi Solomon Goldman officiated at the service.

1917: Congregants at Temple Emanu-El responded to the appeal of Louis Marshall contributing $20,000 and pledging another $30,000 to the fund that has been set up to provide financial assistance to the Jews trapped in the European war zone.

1917: Congregants at Temple Beth-El, which is served by Rabbi Samuel Schulman contributed between $9,000 and $10,000 to the fund that has been set up to provide financial assistance to the Jews trapped in the European war zone.

1917: Congregants as Ohav Zevek, the largest Orthodox synagogue in New York, contributed more than $17,000 to the fund that has been set up to provide financial assistance to the Jews trapped in the European war zone.

1917: Congregants at the Pincus Elijah Synagogue in New York City pledged close to $15,000 to the fund that has been set up to provide financial assistance to the Jews trapped in the European war zone.

1917: On Yom Kippur, Dr. Maurice H. Harris delivered a sermon at Temple Israel in New York entitled “Religion and Education.”

1918: Near Eclisfontaine, France, U.S. Army Sergeant Phillip Katz voluntarily crossed “an area swept by heavy machinegun fire,” advancing “to where the wounded soldier lay and carried him to a place of safety."  This bravery earned him a Congressional Medal of Honor

1919(2ndof Tishrei, 5680): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1919: The Hahambashi of Turkey was granted an audience with the Shah of Persia, who paid tribute to the patriotism of Jews of Persia. The Shah attributed the progress of civilization to the Alliance Israelite Universelle schools.

1919: In Manhattan, stockbroker Arthur Rosenthal and his wife Grace gave birth to Arthur Jesse Rosenthal, “a publisher of intellectual masterworks in an era of fast-buck publishing who led Basic Books in the 1950s and ’60s and created a model for universities nationwide by leading Harvard University Press to solvency in the ’70s and ’80s.”  (As reported by Paul Vitello)

1920: Miss Irma Abramowicz May of Lemberg, Galicia, fiancé of the late Dr. Bernard Cantor, spoke in Carnegie Hall before the congregation of the Free Synagogue this morning at a memorial service in Cantor’s honor.  He was killed by Bolshevicks in the Ukraine in July while aiding the suffering Polish Jews caught in the Civil War racking the former Czarist empire.

1920: In response to the death yesterday of Jacob Schiff “Personal tributes to his philanthropic instincts and the humanitarian work” poured in from a variety of sources including such Jewish leaders such as Rabbi Kaufmann Kohler, Dr. Cyrus Adler and Judge Mayer Sulzberger as well as leaders from the secular society including famed statesmen Elihu Root and George Baker of the Grover Cleveland Association.

1925: Second baseman Buddy Myer made his major league debut with the Washington Senators.

1927(29thof Elul, 5687): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1928: Following the attempt by the police to remove the mechitza at the Wall on Yom Kippur, a delegation consisting of Colonel Frederick H. Kisch, Dr. Joshua Thon, Chief Rabbis A.H. Kook and Jacob A Meir, and Mssrs. Kalvarsisky and Meyuchased met with Acting High Commissioner H.C. Luke for two hours today to discuss the need to discipline those responsible for the action taken against the worshippers and a way in which problems at the Wall could be avoided in the future.  The police officials explained that they had removed the “screen” to avoid violence since the Moslems threatened to stone the Jews if the mechitzah remained in place.

1934(17thof Tishrei, 5695): Chol Ha Moed Sukkoth

1934(17thof Tishrei, 5695): Eighty-three year old Alexander Moszkowski, the German Jewish author and philosopher who was the first to write a book about his friend Albert Einstein passed away today.

1935: Slugger Hank Greenberg declared that his Tigers were the best team in baseball; better even than the Chicago Cubs who think they will make it into the World Series.

1936(10thof Tishrei, 5697): As Landon and FDR campaign for the Presidency of the United States, Jews observe Yom Kippur

1937: The Palestine Post reported that another wealthy Christian landowner was murdered by Arab terrorists in the Maloul village, near Nazareth. [Editors Note: One of the unreported stories has been the departure of the Christian Arabs from PLO controlled territory.  Other ancient Christian communities have felt the pressure of Arab and/or Islamic groups including those in Iraq, the Sudan, Lebanon and Nigeria.]

1937:  The Palestine Post reported that the Polish government published warning posters against disturbances of any kind and arrested large numbers of hooligans who took part in the recent anti-Jewish excesses. A Polish delegation which visited Madagascarreported that there were there large areas of potentially fertile lands for a possible Jewish settlement.

1937: During the Arab Revolt, Lewis Andrews, the Acting Commissioner of the Galilee, Pirie-Gordon (the assistant district commissioner) and Andrews' bodyguard (a British police constable) were on their way from attending service at the Anglican Christ Church, Nazareth when they were gunned down by four Arabs.  Andrews died on the spot and the bodyguard died later at the hospital.

1938(1stof Tishrei, 5699): Rosh Hashanah

1938: Plans were made for Levi Yitzchok Bender and his wife to escape the clutches of Soviet authorities because he had visited the grave of Rebbe Nachman at Uman in defiance of the government’s ban on such religious observances.

1940(23rd of Elul, 5700): Official date of death for Walter Benjamin, the German-Jewish intellect whose endeavors covered a myriad of fields.  Benjamin actually committed suicide the evening before after finding out that the Franco government was going to force him return to France where he faced certain imprisonment by the Nazis.

1940: The Center of Jews (UHU) was founded in Slovakia to organize Jewish life. The UHU was a government apparatus to determine the fate of Jews in that country. UHU disbanded all 175 Jewish organizations in Slovakia.

1941: Paramount Pictures released “Hold Back The Dawn co-authored by Billy Wilder and co-starring Paulette Goddard whose father “was the son of a prosperous Jewish cigar manufacturer from Salt Lake City.”

1941(5th of Tishrei, 5702): The SS shot 412 men, 615 women and 581 children in Kovno. The Jews were described as sick people and carriers of epidemics.

1941(5th of Tishrei, 5702): Jews of Swieciany, Lithuania, are massacred in the nearby Polygon Woods. Several hundred young Jewish men manage to escape

1941: In Ejszyszki, Lithuania, the killing of Jews that had begun on Rosh Hashanah came to an end.  Almost four thousand Jews were killed.  About 300 Lithuanians voluntarily participated in the killing "actions" undertaken by Einsatzgruppe A in the Baltic region, which annihilated about 90 percent of the Jewish population. Only 30 Jews from Ejszyszki survived the war.

1942(15thof Tishrei, 5703): Sukkoth

1942: Instructions were issued to the Swiss Police stating, "Refugees on the grounds of race alone are not political refugees". This meant that thousands of Jews would now be sent back from the border.  Swiss behavior regarding the Nazis and the Jews paints a peculiar picture.  The supposedly neutral Swiss would be more or less or responsive to Nazi requests based on what was happening on the battlefields of Europe.  In 1942 the Germans were in control of Western Europe and were blitzing their way across Russia so a ruling like this is not surprising.  The Swiss would not surrender most the money deposited by Jewish refugees until a half century had gone by; and then only after litigation and political pressure.

1942: SS Lieutenant General August Frank advises camp administrators that jewelry and other valuables seized from Jews should be sent to the German Reichsbank, and that razors and other practical items should be cleaned and delivered to front-line troops for sale to them. Proceeds will go to the Reich. Further, confiscated household items are to be distributed to ethnic Germans.

1942: Brussels Jewish leader Edward Rotbel is deported to Auschwitz. Several hundred Dutch Jews are gassed there

1942: German railway officials meet in Berlin for two days to plan track upgrades and additional trains in order to hasten deportations of Jews.

1942: For three days search parties of German and Ukrainian police capture 1000 of 2000 Jews who escaped from the Tuchin (Ukraine) Ghetto on September 24. Some Jews would be taken to Tuchin's Jewish cemetery and shot, while most are killed where they are found in the forest.

1943: Following the liquidation of the Vilna Ghetto, Abba Kovner led his resistance group on a dangerous trip through gutted buildings and dank swamps to the forests of Polandwhere they could continue the fight against the Nazis and their Estonian allies.

1943: One day after official instructions arrived ordering the deportation of the Jews of Rome the Nazis demanded that Ugo Foa, president of the Union of Italian Jewish Communities, have the Jews hand over 110 pounds of gold within 36 hours or 200 Jews would be deported.

1943: At the Novogrudok, Belorussia, labor camp, Jews complete secret work on a tunnel dug under the wire. Of the 220 Jews who use the tunnel to attempt escape, 120 are killed or captured.

1943:Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia warned the Jewish community in his regular Sunday broadcast that the price of whitefish, which will be in greater demand for the Jewish holidays beginning next Thursday, was likely to be increased to $1 or $1.25 a pound, according to trade information.

1944(9thof Tishrei, 5705): Erev Yom Kippur

1944:  Operation Market-Garden ends in failure.  Montgomeryadvocated this plan to slice through Hollandand seize the bridges over the RhineRiver.  The idea was folly and best and certainly was beyond Montgomery’s capability since it required rapid movement of his troops.  Implementing the plan drew supplies away from the rapidly advancing forces of George Patton.  Failure prolonged the war and increased the number of Jews who perished in the Holocaust.

1944: Victor Kugler, one of the people who helped to hide the Frank family who had been captured by the Nazis was among the 1,100 men forced to start digging anti-tank trenches.

1944: One thousand young boys are assembled at Auschwitz in the presence of Dr. Josef Mengele. Any boy whose head does not reach a board Mengele has nailed to a post is set aside for gassing.

1944: Archibald Maule Ramsay, a former British Army officer and Member of Parliament who was an out-spoken anti-Semite was released from custody today. He had been arrested in 1940 under regulation 18B which allowed the government to detain Nazi sympathizers.  Following his release he returned to his seat in the Commons where he attempted to have the Statue of the Jewry, a piece of anti-Semitic law dating back to the time of Longshanks, reinstituted. 

1946(1stof Tishrei, 5707): Rosh Hashanah

1947: In Sdot Yam Israel, Hanne Ruth Warburg married Gershon Lasch.

1948: Prime Minister Ben Gurion met with his cabinet to discuss plans for the Galilee if fighting should be renewed.

1948: Birthdate of Ehud Yatom, the Netanya native who served  as an agent for Shin Bet before being elected to the Knesset.

1949(3rdof Tishrei, 5710): Tzom Gedaliah

1949: Having “purchased the rights to the name ‘Sazerac Bar’ form the Sazerac Company and renovated a store front on Baronne Street,” Seymour Weiss opened the new Sazerac Bar which drew a large number of female customers because Weiss abolished “the men only house rule” and allowed women to patronize the bar.

1950: On the eve of the Maccabiah games which open tomorrow, five hundred Jewish athletes from twenty countries are living in the Maccabiah Village (a converted army camp) as they prepare to compete in the first “Jewish Olympics” held since 1935.  The games began in 1932 under the sponsorship of the Maccabee sport organization.  Among the competitors are two Olympic champions from the United States – Henry Wittenberg, light heavy-weight wrestler and Frank Spellman, middleweight weightlifter.

1952: It was reported today Alex Traub, who has designed engines for tanks and automobiles in the United States  and Europe will be coming to Israel in January to act as an advisor on automobile engineering.

1952: Eighty-eight year old philosopher George Santayana whose famous aphorism "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it" is inscribed on a plaque at the Auschwitz concentration passed away today.  For more on his relations with Jews and his anti-Semitism see


1952: It was reported today that the new professors coming to work at the Institute of Technology in Israel include aeronautical experts Dr. Hirsch Cohen of PSU and  H. Jerome Shafter of Princeton as well as “ a specialist in the solvent extraction of petroleum, Dr. Jacob M. Geist.’ (MIT)

1952: The Jerusalem Post reported that two Jews, a soldier and a farmer, were murdered by terrorist infiltrators near the Egyptian border.

1952: The Jerusalem Post reported that a second group of urban workers who decided to return to the land, under the auspices of the town-to-the-village movement, settled in Upper Galilee, northwest of Ma¹ayan Baruch.

1952:  The Jerusalem Post reported that after more than four months of protracted negotiations, Yitzhak Kariv, a local Mizrahi Bank manager, was elected mayor of Jerusalem by a right-wing coalition.

1955(10thof Tishrei, 5716): Yom Kippur.

1956: Moshe Dayan and Shimon Peres drove to the headquarters of Colonel Ariel Sharon the officer commanding the paratroops who had been instructed to carry out an attack in reprisal for Arab attacks including those of September 23 and September 25 that had cost five non-combatant deaths among the Israelis. 

1956: The IDF reprisal raid commanded by Ariel Sharon successfully attacked the Jordanian outpost at Wadi Fukin.  The Jordanians lost 37 soldiers and two civilians at a cost of ten IDF dead.

1957(1stof Tishrei, 5718): On the first day of Rosh Hashanah Mitchell Levin chants Samuel for the first time.

1957: Leonard Bernstein's West Side Story opens on Broadway.  The Jewish musician takes Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet and converts into a musical set among the gang culture of mid-twentieth century New York City. 

1958: Release date in the United States of the cinematic version of “Damn Yankees,” featuring lyrics and music by Richard Adler and Jerry Ross.

1959: Eisenhower and Khrushchev conclude their two day summit meeting at Camp David where the President urged the Soviet leader “to resolve issues concerning the status of Jews in the USSR.  citing the “deep concern” expressed to him by Jewish groups.”

1961:Bob Dylan, the musical voice of the counter-culturemakes his debut. Born Robert Allen Zimmerman, Dylan even made a bar mitzvah before assuming the role of musical rebel

1963:According to reports published today, “Jack Benny, who left the National Broadcasting Company 15 years ago to pick up a quick $2,260,000 at the Columbia Broadcasting System, will return to N.B.C. next fall.”

1963: Pitcher Larry Yellen made his major league debut with the Houston Colt .45’s.

1968(4th of Tishrei, 5729: Israeli physician Ben Shlomo Lipman-Heilprin passed away.  Born in Bialystok in 1902, he studied medicine in Germany before making Aliyah in 1934.  His accomplishments were of such merit that he was the first recipient of the Israel Prize for medicine.

1969: Opening of the trial of the Chicago Seven.  The accused leaders of the riots on the streets of Chicago during the 1968 Democratic Convention included the requisite number of Jews.  Ironically, the Judge in the case was also Jewish.  At one point it was Abbe Hoffman versus Judge Hoffman.  

1972: A two day National Conference on Soviet Jewry during which Senator Henry Jackson of Washington “proposed legislation linking access to trade benefits for communist nations to liberalizing their emigration practices” comes to an end.

1973(29thof Elul, 5733): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1973: The first of two batches of reservists were called up by the Egyptian Army who were supposed to be participating in a training exercise but were, in reality, part of the invasion force that would strike Israel on Yom Kippur.

1973: The Israeli 7th Brigade was ordered to move one battalion to the Golan Heights to strengthen the Barak Armored Brigade, under the command of Yitzhak Ben Shoham.

1975: In Los Angeles, Bruce Paltrow and Blythe Danner gave birth to Jake Paltrow, the brother of Gwyneth Paltrow and cousin of Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords.

1977: The Jerusalem Post reported that Prime Minister Menachem Begin warned Gush Emunim not to implement its plan for an immediate establishment of 11 new settlements in Judeaand Samaria, without the Ministerial Committee on Settlement¹s proper authorization. One of the on-going challenges for the Israelis over the last quarter of a century has been the willingness of some of the leader the "settlers' movement" to disobey or disregard the law.  This challenge transcends issues of Israeli security and goes to the heart of the nature of Jewish and not just Israeli values.

 1977:  The Jerusalem Post reported that Foreign Minister Moshe Dayan argued in Washingtonthat Israelhad agreed only to a 'symbolic' reconvening of the Geneva Middle East Peace Conference. Israel, Dayan said, would refuse to negotiate at any forum which might include the PLO.  A quarter of a century later, this whole issue has become meaningless in the sense that the Israelis have negotiated with the PLO since the days of the Oslo Accords.  This does serve to show that the Israelis have been willing to shift their stance and deal with the Palestinians In a political venue.  The fact of the matter is that the other side has still not matched this.

1980: U.S. premiere of “Resurrection” produced by Howard Rosenman.

1982(9thof Tishrei, 5743): Erev Yom Kippur

1982: “One Day At A Time,” the ever popular sit-com starring Bonnie Franklin begins its 8th season.

1985: Opening of “Bernstein: The Television Work” at the Museum of Broadcasting in New York City.

1985: NBC began broadcasting the fourth season of “Family Ties” a sitcom created by Gary David Goldberg

1985: NBC began broadcasting the second season of “The Cosby Show” co-created by Ed Weinberger.

1988:15th of Tishrei, 5749): Sukkoth

1988:15th of Tishrei, 5749): Forty-eight year old, journalist, author and ‘returning Jew’ Paul Cowan passed away today. (As reported by Joseph Berger)

1995(2ndof Tishrei, 5756): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1999: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest includingThe Trust: The Private and Powerful Family Behind The New York Timesby Susan E. Tifft and Alex S. Jones, Hitler’s Pope: The Secret History of Pius XIIby John Cornwell,The Spectator: Talk About Movies and Plays With the People Who Make Them by Studs Terkel and An Affair of State: The Investigation, Impeachment, and Trial of President Clintonby Richard A. Posner.

2001(9th of Tishrei, 5762): In the evening, Kol Nidre is chanted for the first time during the Presidency of George Bush

2002(20th of Tishrei, 5763): During Sukkoth, Rabbi Zerach Warfhaftig, the native of Volkovyski who made Aliyah in 1947 passed away.  During WW II, he worked with Japanese Vice-Consul in Kaunas Lithuania, Chiune Sugihara, the courageous diplomat who defied his government by issuing visas that saved the lives of thousands of Jews.  Warfhatig was one of the signatories of Israel’s Declaration of Independence and served in the first 9 Knessets.

2003(29th of Elul, 5763): Erev Rosh Hashanah

2003: It was reported today that Prime Minister had implied that Ariel will be included in the security barrier being constructed to protect Israelis from suicide bombers.

2004: Izz El-Deen Sheikh Khalil, a senior member of Hamas' military wing, was killed in a car bombing in the al-Zahera district of southern Damascus, Syria for which the Israelis were blamed because of his involvement in the Beersheba bus bombing in August.

2004: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including Just Enough Liebling by the legendary New Yorker Writer by A. J. Liebling, The Divine Husbandby Francisco Goldman. Joy Comes in the MorningbyJonathan Rosen, Lying Together: My Russian Affair by Jennifer Beth Cohen, The Flawed Architect: Henry Kissinger and American Foreign Policy by Jussi Hanhimaki and an essay “Sex Books: The Elements of Sexual Style” by Amy Sohn.  

2005:  Time Magazine of this date contains reviews of two books written by Jewish authors – E.L. Doctorow’s, The March and Myla Goldberg’s Wickett’s Company. Both novels center around historic events.  The March is a tale told about Sherman’s March during the Civil War. Wickett’s Company uses the flu epidemic at the end of World War I as its backdrop.  In the same issue, the movie review immediately following the book reviews reads “Guy Walks into a Shtetel” which is the opening gambit in a review of Everything Is Illuminated, a film about Holocaust survivors. These three items appearing in an icon of American culture help to sharpen one of the overarching questions being studied on Monday nights in Cedar Rapids– just what is Jewish culture?  Is it anything done by Jews or does it have to have a uniquely Jewish content or is it a little of both?

2005: Richard H. Jones presented his credentials as U.S. Ambassador to Israel

2005:Chief Rabbi Sir Jonathan and Lady Elaine Sacks were amongst those praising David Collins, 21, on his receiving the 2005 Herzl Award. The award was initiated in 2004 to commemorate the centenary of Herzl's passing, by the Department for Zionist Activities of the World Zionist Organization.

2005(22nd of Elul : Yahrzeit of Joseph B. Levin, (Yosef Dov ben Avraham Elimelch) the man who taught me that Jewish education never stops unless the Jew chooses to stop his education.

2006: Canadian actress Jessalyn Sarah Gilsig and producer Bobby Salomon gave birth to their daughter Penolope.

2006: In Cedar Rapids, celebration of the birthday of Deb Levin, a true Ayshish Chayil or Woman of Valor.  Like Rashi’s daughters, she is a student in her own right.  Like Akiva’s wife, she challenges her husband to study and allows him the time to produce things like “This Day In Jewish History.”  Thanks to her effort and support, there is a traditional Saturday morning service in Cedar Rapids and Torah and Adult Education pages on the Temple Judah Website.  And if that is not enough, she makes one mean challah, creates kosher pizza from scratch and makes the best matzo balls in the world.  When Joe Lieberman was running for President and came though Cedar Rapids, he needed a kosher meal to go.  When he got on the plane, Deb was the one who provided him with myriad of dairy and parve homemade delights, all appropriately marked of course.

2006: Alan Hevesi said he will pay the state more than $82,000 for having a public employee chauffeur his wife, after his Republican challenger, Christopher Callaghan, asked the Albany County District Attorney's office to investigate.

2006: As a part of the commemorative events marking 65 years since the tragedy at Babi Yar this evening’s special exhibits will be displayed in the Ukrainian House Arts Palace.No Child’s Play,” organized by Yad Vashem, and “Forewarning the Future,” organized by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Ukraine, the Babi Yar Memory Foundation, and the Department of Culture of Kiev, will be opened by Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko.

2007: Erev Sukkoth, 5769 in Cedar Rapidsbegins with a Sukkoth Potluck Dinner followed by evening services at TempleJudah.

2007: Barrages of Kassam rockets and mortar shells continued to rain down on the western Negev as violence heated up in the Gaza strip.

2007: Israeli spokesman Mark Regev and Doug Cassel, a defender of Mershiemer and Walt’s book on the power of the Jewish Lobby appeared on Worldview, Jerome McDonnell’s radio show on WBEZ in Chicago.

2007: Judge Fidler declared a mistrial because of a hung jury in Phil Spector’s first murder trial in the death of Lana Clarkson.

2008: Having survived a plane crash in Columbia, SC, DJ AM, (Adam Michael Goldstein) was released from the hospital today.

2008:  Happy Birthday Deb: another year of making so much joy and happiness a reality including two blogs – This Day in Jewish History and Downhome Davar Torah. 

2009 (8 Tishrei, 5770): The observance of Shabbat Shuvah or the Sabbath of the Return takes on an additional meaning as we “return” to where we were a year ago, celebrating the birthday of Deb Levin.

2009: Israeli maestro Dan Ettinger makes his Met debut on the podium as Mozart's comic masterpiece, Le Nozze di Figaro, returns to the Met in New York City.

2009:Director Roman Polanski was taken into custody in Switzerland today on a 31-year-old U.S. arrest warrant, organizers of the Zurich Film Festival said. Polanski had traveled to Switzerland to receive an award for his lifetime of work as a director. He was arrested in relation to a 1978 U.S. request, without specifying. Polanski fled the United States in 1978, a year after pleading guilty to unlawful sexual intercourse with a 13-year-old girl. The 76-year-old French-born director, who survived the Holocaust in Nazi-occupied Poland, won an Oscar for directing the 2002 Holocaust movie The Pianist.

2010:  Rich Recht Concert & Sukkot Celebration are scheduled to take place at Temple B’nai Shalom in Fairfax Station, VA.

2010: Family and friends join in celebrating the birthday of Deb Levin, an Ayish Chayel in the truest sense of the word.  Not only does she make the best Kosher pizza on either side of the Mississippi River she is also for all of the technology related to two blogs - This Day…In Jewish History and Weekly Torah Reading / Weekly Torah Portion.

2010: The creator of This Day…In Jewish History is scheduled to be interviewed on the South African radio station Chaifm by Ronnie Mink starting at 6 pm Johannesburg time, 11 am Cedar Rapids time. The interview can be heard by streaming audio athttp://www.chaifm.com/

2010: The New York Times featured books by Jewish writers and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including To the End of the Land by David Grossman and Aftershock: The Next Economy and America’s Future by Robert Reich.

2010(18thof Tishrei, 5771):Eighty-four year old investment manager and philanthropist Stanely Cahis, whose reputation was besmirched as a result of the Bernard Madoff Scandal passed away today. (As reported by Barry Meier)

2011: Na terapiji the Slovenian version of the Israeli hit television show BeTipul premiered on POP Brio today.

2011: Memorial services sponsored by the Lo Tishkach Foundation are scheduled to be held in Brovary, Ukraine, to mark the 70th anniversary of the massacre of the Jews there during World War II.

2011: Israeli violinist Misha Vitenson is scheduled to join pianist Michael Brown and the Jupiter musicians in a performance of chamber music at Good Shepherd Church in NYC.

2011: Overcoming health challenges that would sideline a lesser individual, Deb Levin celebrates her birthday by preparing for the community celebration of Rosh Hashanah. In addition to all of her culinary skills, Deb is the creator of the architecture that makes possible This Day…In Jewish History and Weekly Torah Reading / Weekly Torah Portion.

2011(27thof Elul, 5771): Eighty-one year old Academy Award nominated screenwriter David Zelag Goodman passed away today.  (As reported Daniel E. Slotnik)

2011:President Shimon Peres said today that Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas is the best Palestinian leader Israel could work with toward the goal of resuming the peace process. 

2011:An Israeli government committee established to respond to this summer's protests recommended expanding social welfare spending by $8 billion over five years.

2012(10thof Tishrei, 5773): Yom Kippur

2012(10thof Tishrei, 5773): Eighty three year old Sam Steiger, the New York native “who transformed himself into a Western rancher and served five terms in the House as a Republican from Arizona” passed away today. (As reported by William Yardley)

2012: When Illan Kaplan leads the “Downstairs Minyan” at Temple Judah, it will mark the continuation a more than century old tradition that began with Beth Jacob, the original synagogue in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

2012:Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu left hours after the end of Yom Kippur tonight for New York to address the United Nations where he pledged to give a fitting response to Iran's desire to "sentence us to death."

2012: “While most Israelis had the day off on Yom Kippur, Magen David Adom paramedics had a busy day, treating 2,334 people across the country for a variety of ailments.”

 
2012:  Friends and family will have to wait until after sundown to eat cake as part of the celebration of the birthday of Deb Levin, the “women of valor” whose contributions include being the driving force behind the Traditional Shabbat Minyan and the techie responsible for This Day…In Jewish History and Weekly Torah Reading/Weekly Torah Portion http://downhomedavartorah.blogspot.com/

"Tzom Kal" as well as "G'mar Hatimah Tovah"

2013: Israeli video artist Tal Rosner is one of the collaborators helping to create “Fold Here” which is scheduled to open at Montclair University.

2013: El Al is scheduled to cancel all its flight to Eilat starting today “due to a mandated change in flight route that the company says require additional tests for safety reasons.” (As reported by Sharon Udasin)

2013(22ndof Tishrei, 5774): Shemini Atseret

2013: This evening at the 6th& I Historic Synagogue Rabbi David Shneyer is scheduled to lead “Dancin’ in the Streets” A Simchat Torah Celebration

2013: Seventy-nine year old Major League Baseball Commissioner Bud Selig issued a formal statement for the first time saying he will retire in January of 2015.

2013: “Syria has deterrent weapons, more advanced than anything in its chemical arsenal, that could blindside Israel in mere moments, Syrian President Bashar Assad claimed today.”

2014(2ndof Tishrei, 5775): Second day of Rosh Hashanah

שנה טובה, כתיבה וחתימה טובה.

2014:  HAPPY BIRTHDAY DEB!  Nothing would be possible without you!

2014: This evening, Lewis Black is scheduled to appear at Westbury Theatre.

This Day, September 27, In Jewish History by Mitchell A. Levin

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0070 The walls of the upper city of Jerusalem were battered down by the Roman army

1331: Polish forces under Wladyslaw and his son Casimir defeated the Germanic Knights at the Battle of Plowce.  From a military point of view the battle may have been a draw but it was a political victory for the Poles since it enabled them to assert their national identity. For the Jews, this has to be viewed as a positive event since when Casimir assumed the throne he treated the Jews in a favorable fashion and welcomed them as they fled Germany where they had been accused of causing the Black Plague.  

1480: The Catholic Kings of Spain Ferdinand and his wife Queen Isabella ordered a tribunal in their kingdoms to study cases of heresy. This is the start of what would soon be known as the Spanish Inquisition.

1481:In Medina del Campo.Miguel de Morillo and Juan de San Martín were named, as the first two inquisitors of the Spanish Inquisition.

1540: TheSociety of Jesus known as The Jesuits was founded by Ignatius LoyolaThe first Jesuits were Spanish Christians who began their work at a time when the reconquest of Spain from the Moslems was but recently accomplished, and persons with Moorish or Jewish ancestry were under suspicion. It is accordingly much to their credit that the Jesuits were firmly opposed (particularly under Ignatius and his first three successors as Superior General of the Jesuits) to ecclesiastical anti-Semitism and to the Inquisition's persecution of suspected Jews. When Ignatius was accused of having partly Jewish ancestry, he replied, "If only I did! What could be more glorious than to be of the same blood as the Apostles, the Blessed Virgin, and our Lord Himself?"

1601: Birthdate of King Louis XIII.  Louis was king of Francefor 33 of his 43 years.  He and his son Louis XIV were the two monarchs who ruled the dominate European power for almost the entire 17th century.  When Louis came of age and began ruling in his own right he reaffirmed the ban on Jews living in Francethat had been in effect since the fourteenth century, despite the fact that his mother had brought a practicing Jew to France to service as Louis’ doctor when he was a child.  On at least two occasions, Louis let economic necessity overcome the anti-Jewish policy.  When the French acquired the city of Metz, Louis allowed the Jews to stay in the city since they were an integral part of the city’s economic well-being.  The Jews of Martinique were left alone to help build this new outpost in France’s colonial empire.

1773(10thof Tishrei, 5534): As the Americans living in the "13 colonies" try and figure out how to deal with new British taxes Jews on both sides of the Atlantic observe Yom Kippur

1777: During the American Revolution, Lancaster, PA is capital of the United Statesfor one day. Lancasterwas approximately 60 miles west of Philadelphia.  “A Jewish burial plot had been set aside there as early as 1747.  Jewish religious services were conducted in the home of Joseph Simon.  Simon was the father-in-law of Michael Gratz, part of Pennsylvania’s most prominent Jewish family.   Simon was one of the leading traders on the frontier and supplied the Continental Army with large amounts of muskets, ammunition and other supplies. After the Revolution, the smaller Lancastercommunity was absorbed by the larger PhiladelphiaJewish community.  The Jewish community would reappear in Lancasterin the years preceding the Civil War as evidenced by the establishment of a synagogue in 1856.

1783(1stof Tishrei, 5544): Just 24 days after Great Britain and the United States sign the Treaty of Paris marking the end of the American Revolutionary war Jews on both sides of the Atlantic observe a peaceful Rosh Hashanah

1785(23rdof Tishrei, 5546): Simchat Torah

1791: The National Assembly grants civil rights to the Jews of Alsac and Lorraine completing the process of emancipation for French Jews.

1791: In France, Jews were granted full rights and declared citizens. Some sources contend that this was the first time that Jews were declared full citizens of any country since the Roman Empire. However, this contention is not wholly accurate.  Jewish in the United States were full citizens from the time of the country's birth.  This point was driven home by the Anti-Establishment clause of the First Amendment.  The Jews were never declared citizens because nobody was.  In fact the first time that such a declaration would take place would be at the time of the Civil War with the ratification of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. Jewish women would share in the same disabilities as non-Jewish women and would not become fully participating citizens until they were guaranteed the right to vote by the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

1792: Birthdate of George Cruikshank the British caricaturist who illustrated Oliver Twist for Charles Dickens. His drawing of “Fagin in his cell” is an example of the work the did for this anti-Semitic novel. Cruikshank later claimed that he had created much of the plot for the novel, a claim that Dickens denied.

1794(3rdof Tishrei, 5555): Shabbat Shuvah; fast is put off until Sunday.

1797(9thof Tishrei, 5558): Erev Yom Kippur

1797(9thof Tishrei, 5558): Uriah Hendricks passed away in New York City.

1810: Rothschild and his elder sons drew up a new irrevocable partnership agree replacing the 1796 agreement.

1821(1stof Tishrei): Rosh Hashanah

1825(15thof Tishrei): Sukkoth

1826: Birthdate of Julius Bien. Educated at the Academy of Fine Arts, Cassel, and at Städel's Institute, Frankfort-on-the-Main, he moved to New York where he established a lithographic business in 1850. He was president of the National Lithographers' Association from 1886 to 1896, and was a member of numerous scientific societies. Bien was twice president of the order B'nai B'rith.

1830(10thof Tishrei, 5591): Yom Kippur

1836: Birthdate of Isaiah Luzzato, the son of S.D. Luzzato, who practiced law in his native Padua, Italy.

1839(19th of Tishrei, 5600): Fifth day of Sukkoth

1839(19th of Tishrei, 5600): Manis (Morris) Jacobs passed away. Born in 1782 at Amsterdam, he moved to New Orleans, Louisiana, where he was a co-founder and president of Congregation Shangarai Chasset.  Jacobs served as the congregation’s first rabbi even though he had not been formally ordained.  This was not an unusual situation in the United States since there was no school for training clergy at this time and most European rabbis were reluctant to come to a place they consider hostile to Jewish way of life. In 1881 Shangarai Chasset would merge with Nefutzot Yehuda to form Touro Synagogue a Reform congregation located on St. Charles Avenue.

1842(23rdof Tishrei, 5603): Simchat Torah

1851(1stof Tishrei, 5612): Nine days after the founding of the New York Times, Jews observe Rosh Hashanah

1854: Frederick Catherwood, an English artist and architect passed away.  Catherwood was not Jewish.  He was one of several artists who visited Palestine and provided the West with depictions of “the Holy Land.”  During his visit to Jerusalem in 1833, he may have been the first Westerner to survey the Temple Mount.

1858: The New York Times reported that Samuel Morris, a thirty year old “Hebrew” has been arrested for stealing clothing from two of the boarding houses at which he has resided.  Mr. Morris has also been charged with being a bigamist having begun marrying a series of women starting in July, 1856 and acquiring a new wife at the various boarding houses he has inhabited in the last two years.

1860: It was reported today that the cattle market in New York has been “sluggish” (low prices for sellers) because of the “superabundance of poor cattle” and the absence of the Jewish butchers from the market due to the celebration of their holidays.

1860: It was reported that “Joseph and his Brethren” is playing at Barnum’s little theatre in New York.  The opening portion of the play is based on the biblical narrative but it then moves on to flights of fancy that include Babylonians and large numbers of Jews and Egyptians.

1861(23rd of Tishrei, 5622): Simchat Torah is celebrated for the first time during the Presidency of Abraham Lincoln.

1862(3rdof Tishrei, 5623): During the Civil War, as Jews observe Shabbat Shuvah “The Confederate Congress passes the Second Conscription Act, authorizing the President to draft men between the ages of 35 and 45” and “the first all-black regiment in United States history is formed in Union-controlled New Orleans from ‘free Negroes.’"

1866: Only a few days after a group of Christian settlers had landed at Jaffa, a son was born to one of the families.

1870(2ndof Tishrei, 5631): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1870: It was reported today that there are 27 synagogues in New York City.

1870: It was reported today that yesterday that Chatham Street, the Bowery and the other places “where the chosen people do business presented a Sunday appearance” because the Jews were in their houses of worship observing their New Year.  “Not a solitary store belonging to the Israelites was open…”

1871: Birthdate of Martin Henry Glynn, the first Roman Catholic to serve as Governor of New York. In 1919 he wrote an article entitled “The Crucifixion of Jews Must Stop!” that described the conditions of the Jews living in post War Europe.  Considering the tenor of the times, it was a courageous act for a  man in the political arena.

1872: The funeral of Mrs. Hannah H. Leo, the wife of Henry Leo was scheduled to take place today.  Mrs. Leo was active in many Jewish communal organizations including the “Auxiliary Society of the Mount Sinai Hospital of which she was President at the time of her death.

1873: In Detroit, Michigan, Temple Beth El officially began its affiliation with the Union of American Hebrew Congregations.

1874(16th of Tishrei, 5635): Second Day of Sukkoth

1874(16th of Tishrei, 5635): Rabbi S. M. Isaacs delivered the sermon at Gates of Praise Synagogue on 44th Street, between Broadway and Sixth Avenue in NYC. He told the congregation that “the festival was meant to remind them that their ancestors had once dwelt in tabernacles and to teach them that, whether in adversity or prosperity, they should always with gratitude remember God.”

1876(9thof Tishrei, 5637): Erev Yom Kippur

1876: “Jewish Day of Atonement” published today provides a brief but accurate of “the celebration of the fast of Yom Kippur.”  It includes the fact that “in Orthodox synagogues the supplicants will wear shrouds to remind them of the grave.  Reformed Jews, though joining in the fasting and praying, discard the shrouds.”

1878(15thof Tishrei, 5548): Sukkoth

1878: The New York Times featured a review of “The Writer Heine Loved Most: Lessing” by James Sime.

1879(10thof Tishrei, 5640): Yom Kippur

1879: Birthdate Hans Hahn an Austrian mathematician who made contributions to functional analysis, topology, set theory, the calculus of variations, real analysis, and order theory

1880: It was reported today that the last issued of the National Quarterly Review contains an article by David Ker entitled “The Political Future of the Jews.” He thinks that the probability of this “outlawed race” returning to Palestine, “the land of their fathers”  “rests upon more durable grounds that the visions of fanatical zeal or of patriotic enthusiasm

1880: In Missouri, the town of Herdsville was re-named Seligman in honor of financer Joseph Seligman who had died the previous April.

1881: The SS Egypt arrived today from Liverpool carrying 48 Jewish immigrants who were met at Castle Garden by the newly formed committee that will help will advise and aid them as they adjust to their surroundings.

1881: Birthdate of Israel Zolli the chief rabbi in Rome from 1940 to 1945 who converted to Catholicism in 1945.

1883: It was reported today that rioting in the Ukrainian town of Nowomoskowk has left 200 Jewish families homeless and that only one synagogue and three homes belonging to Jews “escaped demolition.  The riot began because Jews were blamed for the plundering of a Russian Church.

1884: Abraham Jacobs and Jacob Jacobs (no relation) ended up being arrested after an altercation at the door way to the Covenant Hall on Orchard Street.  The two combatants actually went to the police station together to file complaints against each other.  When the desk sergeant was told that there were no witnesses he locked them both up until the matter was sorted out.

1885: Birthdate of Gustav Schröder, Captain of the MS St. Louis.

1889(2ndof Tishrei, 5650): 2nd day of Rosh Hashanah

1889: Officer Gebhard of the Eldridge Street squad put out the lights in a synagogue Erev Shabbat at 91 Delancy Street because he claimed that the establishment doubled as a dance hall and it was the only way to stop a dispute between two groups, one of which wanted to pray and the other one of which wanted to dance.

1890: “The Jews In Russia” published today described “the appointment: of “a special commission”… “to consider the position of the Jews in Russia.”

1890: Albert B. Theime attributed the undercounting in his census figures to the fact that so much of his district was made up of Polish Jews he said “seemed to think that I had some sinister motive in asking questions. He deliberately did not count approximately count approximately 500 people living in two buildings on Orchard Street because it would have taken too much time.

1891: The Brooklyn Eagle published "Judaism in Brooklyn: The Ancient Faith of Israel and Its Local Adherents."

1891: The New York Times published reports from its foreign correspondents describing the desperate plight of the Jews of Russia. Two to three thousand Jews are attempting to leave the famine strapped Southern part of the empire, but this exodus “has no real effect on the hideous pressure of congested Jews inside the Pale.”

1891: “New York State Churches” published today provided described the problems that the congregation in Poughkeepsie is having with their Rabbi Herman Faust who has been replaced by Rabbi Sandberg.

1892: Starting today, 4 ambulances will be stationed at the Willard Parker Hospital after Charles Wilson, the President of the Board of Health determined that Samuel Machinsky, a young Jewish boy had “been allowed to lied on the sidewalk at the Bowery and Houston Street for two hours” before help arrived because there was a shortage of ambulances at the hospital due to the outbreak of Cholera.

1892: The response of former President Grover Cleveland, who is running again this fall for the Presidency, to a letter from a Jewish voter expressing his appreciation for the Democratic Party’s plank about the treatment of Russian Jews was published today.  Cleveland assured him that he supported the plank but said the party was only acting “in accordance with humanity and the kindly feeling which ought to exist in the brotherhood of mankind.”

1892: During today’s dedication of the Girl’s High School in Brooklyn, Joseph C. Hendrix, President of the Board of Education spoke to the crowd about the “swarms” of Polish and Russian Jews who “bring their moral diseases….with them.”  “The only quarantine that will avail against this is the school, erected and maintained by the tax and the bounty of the people.”

1894: Mrs. Elke Rubenstein and her sister Basche Ragleski of Jerusalem arrived at Ellis Island.

1895(9thof Tishrei, 5656): Erev of Yom Kippur

1895: In New York, the Board of Health is refusing to issue special permits to allow for the sale of live poultry which means that the forty or fifty poultry dealers who had bought between 100,000 and 150,000 chickens which they had intended to sell to Jews so that they could perform their pre-Yom Kippur rituals are going to lose a lot of money.

1895: In London, Barney Barnato “who made his fortune in South African diamond and gold mining” and Fanny Bees gave birth to their youngest son Joel Woolf Barnato.

1895: Judge Fitzgerald agreed to postpone the trial of Morris Schoenholz which had begun yesterday because Yom Kippur was starting this evening and it would inconvenience the Jewish client and Abraham Levy, his Jewish lawyer.

1897: It was reported today that the French Cabinet has instructed the Minister of Justice to take the matter known as the Dreyfus Case to the Court of Cassation which “will examine all the evidence in the case to whether the ex-artillery officer was unjustly condemned, either through perversion of justice or through inadequate or untrustworthy evidence or because evidence has been discovered since the trial raising the question of reasonable doubt as to the man’s guilt.”

1897(1stof Tishrei, 5658): Jews celebrate Rosh Hashanah for the first time during the Presidency of William McKinley.

1897: “The Jewish residents of Camden, NJ, celebrated Rosh Hashanah in Furery’s Hall.

1897: Relying on sentiments that first appeared in the Jewish Messenger the following “text for the New Year was published today – “The Jews needs the world’s broadening impulse and world requires the ethical foundations of the Jew.”

1899(23 of Tishrei, 5660): For the final time in the 19th century, Jews celebrated Simchat Torah

1899: Birthdate of Rebecca Goodman who would marry author David Freedman and as Beatrice Freedman would have three sons and one daughter with him.

1903(6thof Tishrei, 5664): Forty five year old Julius Plotke the native of Borek who became a successful lawyer and was a trustee of the Jewish Colonization Association passed away in Frankort.

1904: The Miriam Barnert Hebrew Free School was dedicated today in Paterson, New Jersey by Nathan Barnert

1905(28thof Elul, 5665): Famed theatrical manager Jacob Litt passed away today.

1905: Albert Einstein published the paper "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" in Annalen der Physik. This paper revealed the relationship between energy and mass. . [If you have any questions about his work, I suggest you consult Dr. Joe Rosen, the only person I know who understands this sort of thing.]

1905: Third baseman Phil Cooney made his major league debut with the New York Highlanders (the modern day Yankees).

1905: In Philadelphia, Dr. Cyrus Adler married Miss Racie Friedenwald at the home of Mrs. Jane Friedenwald, the bride’s mother in a ceremony conducted by Rabbi Leon H. Elmaleh of Congregation Mikvah Hisrael.  Dr. Adler was a native of Van Buren, a town in Crawford County, Arkansas.

1911: Birthdate ofwriter and humanitarian Ruth Gruber. Gruber, who had earned bachelor's and master's degrees by age 19 and a Ph.D. by 20, dedicated her life to helping relieve the oppression suffered by Jews worldwide. At the age of 21, Gruber began her career as a journalist, reporting on global politics. In 1944, Gruber was asked by the USSecretary of Interior Harold Ickes to conduct a secret mission to escort 1000 Italian Jewish refugees to America. This brief break in the nation's otherwise restrictive immigration policy allowed the refugees to be "guests" of President Roosevelt throughout the war. Throughout the mission, Gruber was aggressively hunted as a foreign spy by Nazi seaplanes and U-boats. In her writing of the experience of the refugees that she accompanied, Gruber drew attention to the plight of European Jews. After World War II Gruber returned to journalism and began reporting on the Jewish migration to Palestine. Her reports helped advance the dissolution of Displaced Person camps in Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. Throughout the 1940s Gruber worked to ensure the success and growth of Israelthrough her work as an activist and by sparking global attention through her news reports. Gruber continues to advocate for Jews worldwide and, for many, is herself a symbol of Jews' rescue from oppression. Gruber has written thirteen books, seven of which focus on the subject of Israel and the Middle East from the end of World War II to the present. Her book, Destination Palestine: The Story of the Haganah Ship Exodus 1947, was used as source material for the movie and book Exodus. Gruber's memoir, Ahead of My Time: My Early Years as a Foreign Correspondent,was published in 1999, and her life was the subject of Haven, a 2001 CBS miniseries.

1911(5th of Tishrei, 5672: Sixty-seven year old Auguste Michel –Lévy, the French geologist who became inspector of mines and director of the Geological Survey of France, passed away.
 
1913: Birthdate of Albert Ellis.Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania he is a psychologist whose Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), is the foundation of all cognitive and cognitive behavior therapies. REBT is a comprehensive theory of personality and psychotherapy which holds that one's personal beliefs, evaluations, and personal philosophy control one's feelings. Thus, it is not external events that causes emotional disturbance, rather it is a person's own beliefs about events or adversity that produce it. Ellis proposed that the way to improve well being is to change ones thoughts, beliefs, and behavior. It was this principle that he first formally expressed in the early 1950's that became the basis of all cognitive psychotherapies.

1914: Henry S. Felter of New Brunswick “was re-elected President of the New Jersey Federation of Young Men’s and Young Women’s Hebrew Association today.

1914: As both sides wooed the Ottoman Empire at the outset of WW I, the German commander of the Dardanelles fortifications ordered the major waterway closed, adding to the impression among the Allies  that the Ottomans had already decided to ally themselves with the Central Powers, setting in motion events that reverberate in the Middle East in the 21st century.

1917: Birthdate of Rear Admiral Maurice H. Rindskopf who was the youngest submarine commander in World War II

1917:“Jews Give $350,000 for War Suffers” published today reported that when Yom Kippur, the Jewish Day of Atonement, came to a close at sunset yesterday more than $350,000 had been contributed within twenty-four hours in all the synagogues and temples of the city to the $10,000,000 relief fund which is being raised for the relief of Jewish war suffers in Europe.”  The New York appeal was part of a nationwide movement designed to raise $10,000,000 for the Jews trapped in war-torn Europe and Palestine.

1917: Jacob Billlikopf, Executive Director of the American Jewish Relief Committee, said that yesterday’s Yom Kippur for funds to help relieve the suffering Jews trapped in war-torn Europe was separate from the  Jacob Schiff’s campaign for funds that will begin on the first of December.

1917: The furloughs granted to U.S. soldiers and sailors so that they could observe Yom Kippur came to an end today.

1918(21st of Tishrei, 5679): Hoshanah Rabah

1918:General Allenby’s victorious cavalry rode across the Golan Heights into Syria, heading for Damascus.

1919:Emma Goldman was released from a two-year prison term, only to be immediately rearrested. (As reported by the Jewish Women’s Archives)

 1920(15thof Tishrei, 5681): Sukkoth is celebrated for the last time during the Presidency of Woodrow Wilson.

1920: For the first time since 1492, the Spanish government formally recognized the Jewish community, according to it all privileges of other religious bodies.

1920: Reports were published today that Nathaniel Cantor, the brother of Rabbi Bernard Cantor who was murdered by Bolsheviks, is the first recipient of the Bernard Cantor Fellowship created by the Free Synagogue for students at the Hebrew Union College.

1922: In the U.K., probate was granted to Elsie, the sister of the late Dorothy Elizabeth Levi, better known as Dorothy Levitt the female pioneer in the field of motoring and power boat racing.

1922: Birthdate of Arthur Hiller Penn, the American director and producer who was the younger brother of fashion photographer Arthur Penn.

1922: Birthdate of Nat Shapiro who played a key role in the music industry and promotional director for Mercury Records and A&R director of Columbia Records.

1928: Birthdate of Lester Donald Shubin, the Philadelphia native who was among the U.S. troops that liberated Dachau. While working for the Justice Department, he developed one of the most effective bullet proof vests of the 1970’s.

1927(1st of Tishrei, 5688): Rosh Hashanah

1929: Birthdate of Leonard Jerome Harris, the Bronx native who becamearts and theater critic for New York’s CBS television affiliate

1930: When the Yiddish talking film “The Jewish Mother,” an American production was presented for the time tonight at the Mograbi Theatre in Tel Aviv a mob of several thousands of Jews gathered outside the theatre shouting ‘Down with Yiddish!  Hebrew is our language.  Several young men, members of the ‘Army for the Defense of the Hebrew Langue,’ broke into the theatre and threw tear bombs.  They also hurled ink bottles at the screen.  Policemen immediately were sent to the scene and found it almost impossible to force their way through the huge mob.  They finally succeeded in arresting about a dozen of the ringleaders and dispersing the mob.  The show was then continued, but soon afterwards an even larger mob again gathered and the authorities found it necessary to order that the show be discontinued.  Even then the crowd refused leave until all the lights in the theatre were out.”

1933:Ludwig Müller, Hitler’s candidate and a dedicated Nazi was elected as the new Reichsbischof of the German Evangelical Church

1935(29th of Elul, 5695): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1936: The Maccabees of Tel Aviv, the soccer champions of Palestine are scheduled to play their first game against a team of the New York State Football Association at Yankee Stadium.

1937: Birthdate of Sir Kurt George Matthew Mayer Alberti who has served as the President of the Royal College of Physicians and the National Clinical Director for Emergency Access in the United Kingdom.

1938(2nd of Tishrei, 5699): On the second day of Rosh Hashanah Jews are barred from practicing law in Germany.

1938: As Rosh Hashanah came to an end Reb Levi Yitchok Bender made their clandestine escape by train from Uman to Kiev where an informer turned him over to the local police.  After interrogation, he was released because he convinced them that he had been in Khrysthnivka and not Uman. The leader of the Breslov Chasidim would spend the war in Siberia before making Aliyah in 1949.  He died forty years later.

1939: Berlin issues a command to establish Jewish ghettos in Poland on the same day that formal Polish military resistance collapses. 

1940(24th of Elul, 5700): Walter Benjamin died by his own hands today. He was a German Jewish Marxist literary critic and philosopher. Benjamin committed suicide in Port Bou at the Spanish-French border, while attempting to escape from the Nazis, when it appeared that his party would be denied passage across the border to freedom. The rest of the group was allowed to cross the border the next day, possibly because their desperation was made clear by Benjamin's suicide. A completed manuscript which Benjamin had carried in his suitcase, possibly his "Arcades Project," disappeared after his death and has not been recovered.
 
1940: Thirty-nine year old Helmut Neustadter, who would gain fame as Australian photographer Helmut Newton, who had been interred by British authorities while in Singapore escaping from Nazi Germany, arrived in Sydney aboard the Queen Mary and was shipped to the camp at Tatura under armed guard.

1941(6thof Tishrei, 5702): Shabbat Shuvah

1941(6th of Tishrei, 5702): The two day massacre of the Jews began at at Kamenets-Podolsk, in the Ukraine.

1942(16th of Tishrei, 5703): Second Day of Sukkoth

1942(16th of Tishrei, 5703): An additional 897 French Jews were killed at Berkenau

1942(16th of Tishrei, 5703): Several hundred Belgian Jews were killed at Berkenau

1942(16th of Tishrei, 5703):  Three hundred cold and hungry women and children, part of the 1000 Jews still at large following a September 24 escape from the ghetto at Tuchin, Ukraine, return to the city under German promises of safe repatriation. All 300 are shot. Of the 700 Tuchin Jews who remained at large, only about 20 will survive the war.

1942: The ghetto at Parysow, Poland was liquidated when it 3,500 inhabitants were shipped to Treblinka.

1943: Ugo Foa, head of the Jewish community in Romeapproached the Vaticanin hopes of getting a Papal loan for the fifty kilograms of gold the SS was demanding if the Jews were to avoid deportation to the death camps.  In a rare act designed to save Jews, Pius XII approved the request.  Funds were never released since the Jews, acting in desperation, raised the funds on their own.

1944(10th of Tishrei, 5705): Yom Kippur

1944: While leading Yom Kippur services in Rome, Rabbi Israel Zolli, experience a vision Jesus, which according to his autobiography led him to convert to Christianity.

1944: Delivery date of the “Benjamin Peixotto", a Liberty ship named after the 19th century American Jew who was a served both his country and his co-religionists with distinction.

1944: At Birkenau the Jews were reminded that the "Goebbels Calendar" still was in effect.  The Goebbels Calendar referred to the Nazi custom of emptying sick wards on Jewish holidays and shipping these people to the death chambers.  On this Yom Kippur, 2000 boys would be told that extra bread would be given to them on their Day of Atonement. Instead, 1000 would be chosen by Dr. Mengele to be sent to the gas chamber. In this instance the selection method was based on height. The shorter boys would be killed.  Elsewhere thousands of Jews would be sent to their deaths this day.

1945:  Birthdate of pianist Misha Dichter.  Born in Shanghai, where his Polish parents had fled at the outbreak of World War II, Mr. Dichter came to Los Angeleswith his family at the age of two and began his piano studies a few years later.  While still a student at Juilliard, he launched his international career with a stunning triumph at the 1966 Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow.  Interestingly enough, on the Dichter's website, he is identified as Polish and his wife as being Brazilian-Polish.  Dichter is part of a long line of Jewish Pianists including Arthur Rubenstein and Vladimir Horovitz.

1945 Birthdate of Jack Goldstein, Canadian born American artist.

1947: Today was the last day on which the Afabu, an American newspaper originally intended for “German speaking Jews around the world, published its list of Holocaust survivors marking the end of a project that had begun in September of 1944.

1947: The House Un-American Committee (HUAC) subpoenaed 24 "friendly"...and 19 "unfriendly" witnesses (mostly Jewish) summoning them to Washington.

1948: During Operation Velvetta five Spitfires flown by Israeli pilots began a 2,500 mile from Yugoslavia to Israel, much of which was over open water without modern navigational aids.  Two ran out of gas and were forced to land on the island of Rhodes.  The other three made it safely to Ramat David.

1950: Premiere of “La Ronde” the film version of the Arthur Schnitzler play of the same name directed by Max Ophus.

1950:The Third Maccabiah, Jewish equivalent of the Olympic Games, opened today at the new stadium in suburban Ramat Gan, where about 30,000 persons watched a parade of athletes from twenty countries…Today’s ceremonies, featuring 500 Jewish athletes, including a team of forty-three from United States, were the first of their kind to be held in Israel and were the most colorful this state has seen…The only sad note of another otherwise gay afternoon was the Yizkor ceremony, when the flag was lowered to half staff, and trumpets sounded notes of mourning for those who died since the last games in 1935.”

1951: Second baseman Al Federoff made his major league debut with the Detroit Tigers.

1951:Vincent Richard Impellitteri, Mayor of New York is made a citizen of Haifa.

1951: The negative reaction of the Arab countries to the latest UN peace proposal is tantamount to rejection as can be seen in the statement that appeared today in Le Jour the Beirut newspaper which comes close to being the voice of the Lebanese Foreign Office. In referring to the proposal by the UN Conciliation Commission, the paper said, “Let us say at once this is a plan based on the demands of the Zionists and which does not take into serious account the demands of the Arabs.  What the representatives of the United Nations proposed is a solution in accord with the desires of Israel and with its interests.  The United Nations is only interested in bringing the Arabs to bow before Israel.”

1952: During the Red Witch Hunt, Lewis Webster Jones, President of Rutgers, “announces his intention to appoint Trustee and Faculty committees to review the cases of professors involved in government inquiry” which include as targets Moses Finley who had appeared before the House Un-American Activities Committee.

1959: NBC Sunday Showcase broadcast the first in a two part presentation of “What Makes Sammy Run” starring Larry Blyden and “Sammy Glick.”

1962: In Canada, Herb Gray began serving as a Member of Parliament for Essex West.

1962: The United Statessold Hawk anti-aircraft missiles to Israel.  As useful as the military equipment was, the sale of the missiles was even more important as a sign of the Kennedy Administration's commitment to the defense of the state of Israel.

1964: U.S. premiere of “Lilith” directed, produced and written by Robert Rossen  and filmed by cinematographer Eugen Schufftan.

1969(15thof Tishrei, 5730: Sukkoth is observed for the first time during the Presidency of Richard Nixon

1970: Following a Syrian supported attack on Jordan that was thwarted by the threat of Israeli intervention, King Hussein was still forced to sign an agreement which preserved the right of the Palestinian organizations to operate in Jordan. For Jordan, it was humiliating that the agreement treated both sides to the conflict as equals. It also meant that Jordan would serve as a base of operation for Palestinian terrorists.

1970: Birthdate of Canadian sports journalist Elliotte Friedman.

1972: In Los Angeles, Bruce Paltrow and Blythe Danner gave birth to Gwyneth Paltrow.

1973(1stof Tishrei, 5734): Rosh Hashanah

1977(15thof Tishrei, 5738): Sukkoth

1977: “One Day At A Time” starring Bonnie Franklin began its third season on CBS.

1978: The Knesset approved the Camp David Accords with 84 affirmative voted, 19 opposed and 17 abstentions.

1979: The President’s Commission on the Holocaust established by President Carter and chaired by Elie Wiesel submitted its report today in which it recommended the establishment of “a memorial with three main components:a national Holocaust memorial/museum; an educational foundation; and a Committee on Conscience.”

1981:The official Yugoslav press agency Tanjug reported that a hijacked Yugoslav jetliner with 101 people aboard landed in Cyprus early today after Israel refused to let the plane land in Tel Aviv as the hijackers had demanded. The Israelis had no idea what the terrorists were planning to do once they landed.

1982(10th of Tishrei, 5743): Yom Kippur

1984(1stof Tishrei, 5745): Rosh Hashanah

1986: Premiere of “Amen,” a sit-com created by Ed Weinberger, the son of a Jewish butcher from Philadelphia.

1989:In an article entitledRosh Hashanah Journey To Hasidic Master's Tomb,” which is quoted in its entirety below, Ari L. Goldman describes the Rosh Hashanah pilgrimage of Bratslav Chassidim to the tomb of Rabbi Nachman of Bratslav.

Shortly before his death in 1811, Rabbi Nachman of Bratslav, a Hasidic master known for his mystical teachings, asked his followers to come and pray at his grave each year on Rosh ha-Shanah, the Jewish New Year. The custom was carried on at his tomb in the Ukrainian city of Uman until the Russian Revolution in 1917. Since then only a few of his followers could make the pilgrimage. They are known as the ''Dead Hasidim'' because they follow a deceased leader rather than a living one. With the opening of the Soviet Union in the last year, however, the dream of many Bratslav Hasidim is being realized. One thousand are planning to make the trip to be in Uman for Rosh ha-Shanah, which begins at sundown Friday. About 100 Bratslav Hasidim left on a Pan American World Airways flight from Kennedy International Airport last night amid joy and expectation. 'Imagine the Anticipation'''It's like a person who hasn't seen his father in 40 years,'' said Noah Steinberg, a lawyer who lives in Brooklyn. ''Imagine the anticipation we feel.'' Accompanying Mr. Steinberg was his 6-year-old son, Nachman, who is named in honor of the movement's founder. The boy's mother and younger siblings stayed home; the trip was for males only. ''They call us 'the dead,' but we are alive and well,'' said Lieb Berger, executive director of the World Bratslav Organization. ''And with us lives Rav Nachman, whose writings and teachings we follow always.'' Mr. Berger said there are some 3,000 to 5,000 Bratslav Hasidim worldwide, most in Israel. About 300 live in the United States and Canada. They differ significantly from the dozens of other Hasidic groups, each of which is centered around a single living charismatic leader, known as the Rebbe. A Rebbe's followers, known as Hasidim, visit the leader for advice on both personal and religious matters and try to spend the major holidays with him. The leadership position of Rebbe is usually handed down from father to son or other male relative.

Most Hasidic groups, which draw their names from towns in Europe where their ancestors settled, consider themselves disciples of the 17th-century founder of Hasidim, Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer, known as the Baal Shem Tov. He founded a Jewish revival movement that stressed joy in prayer and religious experience. Rabbi Nachman of Bratslav was the great-grandson of the Baal Shem Tov. Rabbi Nachman taught that God was inherent in everything in the world, including evil. Thus, he said, even the man steeped in evil could easily find the Creator and repent. Hope in Melody and Dance In his writings, he said the world was essentially a dangerous place where hope could be found in melody, dance, constant self-criticism and communication with the Rebbe, even in the grave. Rabbi Nachman died at the age of 38. His modern followers are among the most mystical and spiritual of Hasidim since they have no temporal leader. Among the followers are Jews who once experimented with the mysticism of Eastern religions. Mr. Berger, the director of the Bratslav organization, said the Soviets helped to arrange the trip, freely issuing visas and helping to insure that the travelers would arrive before the start of Rosh ha-Shanah. Most of the visitors will be sleeping on Soviet Army cots set up dormitory-style in an abandoned factory within walking distance of Rabbi Nachman's tomb. While some Hasidim brought their children, one, 35-year-old Aaron Pinter, brought his father. While the son was dressed in the black garb of the Hasidim and had a long red beard, the father was in a gray suit and was clean-shaven. The senior Mr. Pinter would not give his age, but said that he fled Poland as a young man and lived for eight years in Siberia before coming to the United States. ''I never thought I would be going back,'' he said. ''I am not a Hasid, but it took Rav Nachman to bring me back.''

1992: The Jerusalem Post reported that Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin warned that peace with Syria would not be possible without ceding some territory on the Golan Heights. He added, however, that he and his government opposed a total withdrawal.

1992:  The Jerusalem Post reported that President George Bush was expected to send his proposal for $10 billion in loan guarantees for Israel to Congress. The request was part of a package deal designed to move this request through the legislative process as soon as possible.

1992:  The Jerusalem Post reported that remains of a large Roman sport stadium from the Herodian period were discovered at the site of the ancient town of Caesarea.  Caesarea is on the Mediterranean.  It was built in Roman times because the Romans could not stand the heat of Jerusalem.  Its famous amphitheater has survived to this day.  The modern town of Caesarea is fashionable seaside place complete with seaside restaurant.

1995(3rd of Tishrei, 5756): Tzom Gedaliah

1995: Peggy Charren received a Presidential Medal of Freedom acknowledging her almost 3 decades of advocacy. Frustrated with the educationally anemic cartoons filling her children's afternoons, education advocate and founder of Action for Children's Television (ACT), Peggy Charren began to push television stations and law makers to demand and develop more diverse and stimulating children's programming throughout the industry. Charren began her career in television as the director of the film department at station WPIX-TV in New York City, but she became concerned about the lack of educational children's programming after the birth of her two daughters. In 1968 Charren founded ACT as a non-profit organization devoted to encouraging the development of a more diverse range of children's educational programming. Responding to the efforts of ACT, Congress passed the Children's Television Act in 1990, which required each station to provide programs created specifically to educate children.

1998: The New York Times book section featured reviews by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including Bridges Across Broken Time: Chinese and Jewish Cultural Memoryby Vera Schwarcz, Marc Chagall: 1887-1985by Jacob Baal-Teshuva and From the Ashes of the Old: American Labor and America's Futureby Stanley Aronowitz

2000:John Patrick Kenneally (born Leslie Jackson) VC passed away today. Born in 1921, he was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.Soldier who deserted from the Gunners, joined the Irish Guards and won the Victoria Cross with them during the Tunisian campaign for repulsing an entire company of Panzer Grenadiers with a Bren gun. John Patrick Kenneally was an assumed name. He was the illegitimate son of a wealthy Jewish textile manufacturer in Manchester. His mother was an 18-year-old un-married daughter of a Birmingham pharmacist, who was disowned by her family. She changed her name to Jackson, and had her son christened Leslie.

2001(10th of Tishrei, 5762): Yom Kippur

2001:On Yom Kippur, Shawn Green sat out a game for the first time in 415 games, to honor the most significant holiday and donated his day's pay of $75,000 to a charity for survivors of the New York 9/11 terrorist attacks.

2003(1stof Tishrei, 5764): Rosh Hashanah

2003: In an article entitled “Temple Treasured Traditions: Jewish community has always been a part of Dubque” The Telegraph-Herald traces the history of the Jewish community in Dubuque which dates back to 1833 when Alexander Levi immigrated from France.  During the 1880’s Dubuque had as many as 150 Jewish families, today 26 families belong to Temple Beth El, a small but vibrant outpost of Judaism on the banks of the Mississippi River.

2004: An article entitled “Chinese city embraces long-exiled Jewish community” by Mark Magnier published today described the return of the  Jews to Harbin after a half-century exile.  The city is so eager to have the Jews return that it is spending 3.2 million dollars to refurbish the city’s main synagogue.

2004: In Tel Aviv as part of the annual, global City in Pink lighting campaign for the breast cancer struggle, the City Gat Ramat Gan was lit completely in bright pink light.

2005: Ariel Sharon narrowly defeated a leadership engineered by Benjamin Netanyahu challenge by a 52–48 percent vote.

2005: The Jerusalem Post reported that the California-based West Coast Chabad's annual star-studded telethon had made a special appeal for victims of Hurricane Katrina. The lineup of stars asking for donations includes Academy Award-winning actor Jon Voight, CaliforniaGovernor ArnoldSchwarzenegger and former Los Angeles Lakers basketball legends Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Earvin "Magic" Johnson. The telethon raised six million dollars last year.  The annual event which is now in its 25th year brings together Hollywood celebrities including non-Jews as well as Jews.  This year, donors are being given the opportunity to earmark a portion of their donation for Hurricane Relief.Chabad has a long, proud tradition of nonsectarian crisis intervention. That tradition of service includes drug-rehab centers, soup kitchens, and aid for the homeless, Chabad day schools and counseling for state prisoners.

2006: The International Forum “Let My People Live!” will be held this afternoon, at the Shevchenko National Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre of Ukraine in Kiev.“The forum will follow the official ceremony in remembrance of Babi Yar’s victims at the Babi Yar Memorial.”

2006:Jerusalem District Court sentenced a Jewish settler to four consecutive life sentences plus an additional 12 years in prison for murdering four Palestinian men.

2006: Avner Shalev, Chairman of the Yad Vashem Directorate will speak at the Let My People Live! International Forum a two-day commemorative even marking the 65thanniversary of the massacre of the Jews at Babi Yar.

2007: Rachel Fellergives a talk on the book that she and Steve Feller wrote: Silent Witnesses: Civilian Camp Money of World War IIat Clark Alumni House Coe College. The book is on money of the Holocaust.

2007: Publication of Fire in the Blood by Irene Nemirovsky

2007(15th of Tishrei, 5768): First Day of Sukkoth

 
2007(15thof Tishrei, 5768): Rabbi Avraham Elkanah Kahana Shapira passed way today “Shapira was one of the founders of an organization that declared that handing over parts of the land of Israel to gentiles, even with a peace agreement, contradicted halacha and was therefore forbidden” (This ruling is confusing since Solomon, the king noted for his wisdom did exactly that as described in The Book of Kings.)

2008:Israeli choreographer Noa Sagie brings her new creation, “Breath 22” to the Dumbo Dance Festival 2008 in Brooklyn, New York.

2008: Several Jewish authors appear At the National Book Festival includingEllen Birnbaum, associate director of the 92nd Street Y Nursery School, co-author (with Nancy Schulman) of Practical Wisdom for Parents: Demystifying the Preschool Years; Tony Horwitz, a Pulitzer Prize-winning former foreign correspondent for the Wall Street Journal and staff writer for the New Yorker,  author of  Blue Latitudes, Confederates in the Attic, Baghdad Without a Map and A Voyage Long and Strange: Rediscovering the New World ; Walter Isaacson the author of Benjamin Franklin:  An American Life,  coauthor of  Wise Men: Six Friends and the World They Madeand Einstein: His Life and Universe; David Maraniss, an associate editor of The Washington Post, who won the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting in 1993 and who wrote They Marched Into Sunlight: War and Peace in Vietnam and America, When Pride Still Mattered: A Life of Vince Lombardi, First in His Class: A Biography of  Bill Clintonand Rome 1960: The Olympics That Changed the World ; Daniel Schorr, former foreign correspondent for CBS News, a senior news analyst for National Public Radio, three-time Emmy winner, a Peabody award winner for "a lifetime of uncompromising reporting of the highest integrity," as well as the Alfred I. DuPont-Columbia University Golden Baton, the most prestigious award in broadcasting and author of Come to Think of It: Notes on the Turn of the Millennium.

2009: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including Louis D. Brandeis:A Life by Melvin I. Urofsky,Beg, Borrow, Steal: A Writer’s Life by Michael Greenberg and Dancing in the Dark by Morris Dickstein.

2009: The Washington Post features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including The Monuments Men: Allied Heroes, Nazi Thieves, and the Greatest Treasure Hunt in History by Robert M. Edsel

2009: The Times of London featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including The Dogs and the Wolves by Irene Nemirovsky; translated by Sandra Smith.

2009: At Playwrights Horizons in New York City, the final performance of “The Retributionists,” a play that “fictionalizes the story of Abba Kovner, a renowned partisan who led other “Avengers” to fight Nazis in the ghetto of Vilna, Poland, then hid and resisted in the nearby forests until the end of the war” at which time he “hatched elaborate plots to punish ex-Nazis and, in fact, any German: hunting down and killing officers, poisoning the water supplies of major cities and fatally spiking the bread delivered to SS guards in an American POW camp in Germany. Later, Kovner would renounce revenge, become an acclaimed Israeli writer and found the Diaspora Museum in Tel Aviv.”

2009: Premier of The Cleveland Show a comedic creation of Richard Appel.

2009 (9 Tishrei, 5770): Sixty-nine year old William Safire, the Nixon speechwriter who became the New York Times “conservative columnist” and who fancied himself to be a “language maven” passed away today.

2009 (9 Tishrei, 5770): In the evening, Kol Nidre

2009: The Yankees and Red Sox moved their game from the evening to the afternoon “following an outcry from Jewish fans.” (As reported by JTA)

2009:Iran test fired two short-range missiles as its elite Revolutionary Guards began several days of war games today on the eve of the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur.

2010: The first Kleztival is scheduled to end today in Sao Paulo. The event was held to mark the inauguration of the Instituto da Música Judaica Brasil, or Brazilian Jewish Music Institute.

2010: A majority of Israelis regard non-Orthodox converts to Judaism to be part of the Jewish people, according to a survey published today, putting the general public at odds with religious authorities.  

2011: Paul Krugrman, the recipient of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Economics is scheduled to appear at the 92nd Street Y in New York City.

2011: The Jewish Museum in New York City is scheduled to offer tours of their permanent collection, “Culture and Continuity,” with a special theme for Rosh Hashanah.

2011:Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the eight senior cabinet members decided tonight to support the Quartet's initiative for renewed talks between Israel and the Palestinians.
 
2011:A week after his speech supporting Israel at the United Nations, US President Barack Obama offered his annual Jewish New Year wishes today, stating that the US "will will continue to stand with Israel because the bond between our nations is unshakable." The US president wished Jews celebrating the holiday worldwide, a "sweet year, health, happiness and peace"

2012: In London, a book launch scheduled for today at the Weiner Library will feature a discussion of Professor Phillip Spencer’s Genocide since 1945.

2012: In Washington, DC, the Men’s Club of Adas Israel will be looking for volunteers for the annual building of the congregational Sukkah

2012: Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu took aim at the Iranian nuclear program, saying that the regime was using negotiations to stall and urging clear "red lines" on its uranium enrichment.

2012:The government is obliged to prevent scenarios such as the current one in which Ma’ariv workers have not received payments owed to them by law, Knesset Economics Committee Chairman Carmel Shama-Hacohen (Likud) said today.

2012(12of Tishrei, 5773):Reuven Rahamim, the father of Sami Rahamim, was shot and killed along with five others at Accent Signage Systems in Minneapolis, the company he founded, by a former employee. (As reported by Kyle Potter)

2013(23 of Tishrei, 5774): Simchat Torah

2013: In the evening, Temple Judah is scheduled to host another Musical Shabbat

2013: Larry Paul and Robyn Helzner are scheduled to lead a Carlebach-inspired Kabbalat Shabbat service at the Historic 6th& I Synagogue.

2013: On the 13th anniversary of the Arab terrorist pogrom known as the 2ndInfitada young Arabs threw stones following Friday prayers at police forces near the Damascus Gate in Jerusalem's Old City. One officer sustained light injuries to his hand. Border Guard officers dispersed the rioters with stun grenades, among other crowd dispersal means, and arrested four people. (As reported by Noam (Dabul) Dvir)

2013: Plans were announced today for convening of the largest delegation of Knesset members at an overseas location.  The MK’s will be joined by Holocaust survivors at Aushwitz-Birkeneau as they obersed International Holocaust Remembrance Day in January, 2014.

2014(3rdof Tishrei, 5775): Shabbat Shuvah – the fast will have to wait until tomorrow

2014: The 13th annual Daniel Pearl Day of Music in Taipei is scheduled to  start at 2:00 p.m. and run through 9:30 p.m.

This Day, September 28, In Jewish History by Mitchell A. Levin

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48 B.C.E.: Pompey the Great was assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt.  While many Roman leaders get low marks in terms of Jewish History, Pompey rates at a very low level.  He was the Roman who desecrated the Holy of Holies and then mocked the Jews for praying to nothing.  Besides which, his rival, Julius Caesar, had comparatively positive relations with the Jews.

351:The Eastern Roman army led by Constantius II defeated the western forces supporting the usurper Magnentius at the Battle of Mursa Major. The Jews might have been better off if Magentinus had won since, as can be seen by his treatment of pagans, he was not a creature of Christianity.  They certainly could not have been worse off since Constantius II vigorously pursued the anti-Jewish policies begun by his father Constantine.

1066: William the Conqueror invaded England.  The first verifiable Jewish presence in England began with William who, in spite of opposition from the Church, allowed Jews from Rouen, France, to settle in his newly won kingdom. 

1197: The Holy Roman Emperor, Henry VI, died. During his reign outbreaks of violence aimed at the Jews took in an area that included the districts along the Rhine and in Vienna itself.  Henry was also the Emperor who held King Richard I of England for ransom after the Third Crusade.  The Jewish community in England “was forced to contribute toward the king's ransom 5,000 marks, more than three times as much as the contribution of the City of London.”  In other words, Henry not only would not protect the Jews in his own realm, his greed played a key role in bankrupting the Jews living beyond the boundaries of his power.  

1238: King James I, of Aragon, conquers the Kingdom of Valencia.  This is the same King James who presided over the debate Pablo Christiani and Nachmanides.  In a departure of from the norm, Nachmanides won the debate and King James awarded Nachmanides a prize and declared that never before had he heard "an unjust cause so nobly defended."

1251: King Jaime I declared, "No Jews will hold office in the Kingdom of Valencia." The following year Jews were banned from office in all of Catalan and Aragon.

1394: Pedro de Luna elected elevated to the papacy as Benedict XII whom the Council of Constance which deposed him in 1415 as having “caused much suffering to the Jews” and who “shrank from no measure” to force

1494: Bernardino da Feltre passed away.  Born Martin Tomitano in 1439, he was a priest and religious Italian of Friars Minor. He became a priest in 1463. In his religious fanaticism, he railed against the Jews who deemed them the murderers of Christ, and was among those that caused the most deaths in the Italian Jewish community of the time. In 1475, in Trento, he reportedly delivered a series of anti-Jewish sermons that led to 15 members of the local Jewish community being sentenced to death. The Jews were falsely accused of the death of Simon, a boy found dead in the Jewish Quarter. He was recognized as a saint by the Catholic Church for his alleged martyrdom in 1588. In 1965, the beatification process was canceled because of the unfounded historical accuracy of the story.

1577: The Sultan ordered a census of the Jews of Safed for the purposes of raising taxes.

1614:The Emperor ordered the arrest of Vincenz Fettmilch who led an uprising in Frankfurt that included the murder of Jews and the looting of the Judengasse.

1634: Comus, John Milton’s work dealing with the struggle between good and evil appeared for the first time.  He would tackle the topic again in his more famous work, Paradise Lost.  In the meantime, Milton joined other writers of his time including John Locke in writing in support of a Jewish state.  This was in line with Christian views about the conditions needed for the Second Coming.

1772(1st of Tishrei, 5533): Just a week after the treaty partitioning Poland among the Russians, Prussians and Russians is signed Polish Jews observe Rosh Hashanah under one of three different rulers

1776(15thof Tishrei, 5637):  As the British begin their seven year occupation of New York during the American Revolution, many of the city’s Jews are not in the city to celebrate Sukkoth having fled because they support independence and are considered to be rebels.

 1791(29thof Elul, 5551): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1791: France became the first country in Europe to emancipate its entire Jewish population


1795(15thof Tishrei, 5556): As the French battle the European monarchies to save their revolution  Jews observe Sukkoth

1810(29thof Elul, 5570): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1810(29thof Elul, 5570): Abraham Goldsmid passed away.  Born in Holland in or around 1756, he went to England with his father where he joined his brother Benjamin in a series of financial transaction that led to the creating of the banking house Baring Goldsmid. He lost his fortune in currency manipulation involving the East India Company.

1812(22ndof Tishrei, 5573, Shemini Atzeret is observed for the first time during the War of 1812.

1823: Pope Leo XII was chosen to lead the Catholic Church.  Leo was a reactionary seeking to do away with the lingering effects of the French Revolution and the wave of liberalism that it had unleashed.  He did pass harsh laws aimed that made life in the ghetto even more miserable for the Jews than it had been.  But he also attacked other forces that he connected with heresy, modernity or any deviation from accepted conservative Catholic doctrine.  According to some commentators, his death was not an overly mourned event in the Christian world.

1823: Birthdate of French Painter Alexandre Cabanel who instructed  Jewish artist Solomon Joseph Solomon.

1824: At Great Yarmouth Elizabeth Turner and historian Sir Francis Palgrave (Francis Ephraim Cohen) gave birth to their first son, poet and critic, Francis Turner Palgrave.

1839(20th of Tishrei, 5600): Shabbat Chol Ha Moed Sukkoth

1839(20th of Tishrei, 5600):  Manis (Morris) Jacobs passed away.  Born in 1782 at Amsterdam he made his to New Orleans where he as the founder and first President of Congregation Shanagarai Chesed.  Although he did not have smicha, he also served as the congregation’s first “rabbi."

1840(1stof Tishrei, 5601): Rosh Hashanah

1840: Services were held for the first time in Woolwich, UK at the house of Mrs. Myer.

1840: Birthdate Karl Bettelheim, the Hungarian born Austrian born physician whose area of expertise was “the pathology of the heart and blood vessels.”

1841: Birthdate of French statesman Georges Clemenceau.  The world remembers him as the Tiger who served as Prime Minister of France in the last years of World War I, providing the French with the will to fight on against the Germans.  Along with Britain’s Lloyd George and America’s Woodrow Wilson, he dictated the terms of the Versailles Treaty.  But Jews remember him as a defender of Alfred Dreyfus when the Jewish Colonel and the Jews of France stood charges as traitors.

1844(15thof Tishrei, 5605): Sukkoth

1848(1stof Tishrei, 5609): Rosh Hashanah is observed for the first time after the signing of The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which ended the Mexican-American War.

1850: The United States Navy abolished flogging as a form of punishment.  One of America's early Jewish naval officers played a key role in this change.  Uriah Phillips Levy had abolished flogging aboard his ship back in the 1830's, an action that led to his court martial.  However, the decision was overturned by President Tyler and he was reinstated.  Levy commanded the Mediterranean Squadron of the U.S. Navy and reached the rank of Commodore (in the old Navy, this was rank just below Admiral).  Levy passed away in 1862.  He was an in awe of President Jefferson.  Monticello, Jefferson's home, had been sold to pay off his debts.  Levy purchased the home with intent of restoring it as shrine to Jefferson.  The Levy family maintained Monticello until it was turned over the Jefferson Memorial Associate in the 1920's.

1850(22nd of Tishrei, 5611): Shemini  Atzeret

1851:Hermann de Stern, a Portuguese baron and banker and the head of Stern Bros., of London, Paris and Belgium, and Julia Goldsmid gave birth to Herbert Stern, 1st Baron Michelham

1857(10th of Tishrei, 5618): Yom Kippur;

1857: New York Times reported today on the observance of Yom Kippur saying that, “the custom among the Jews” is to meet together, “confessing with penitence their transgressions, fasting for many hours and refraining from all manual labor…Today is also the day of reconciliation…between those whom occasion of ill-filling may have arisng during the year and of the renewing of fraternal relations.”  The observance will last all day until the “first three stars of evening show themselves” at which time the fasting comes to an end “and the reign of feasting and rejoicing” follows.

1858:An article published today entitled “Charge of Bigamy” reported that a 30 year old Hebrew named Samuel Morris has been arrested on charges of “stealing wearing apparel from the boarding houses of Mrs. Schrimer and Mrs. Wardell. He had lived at both of these locations and his wife was found wearing a silk vest which was part of the stolen property. Mr. Morris may also be guilty of bigamy.

1858: The "Personals" column published today reported that the Jews of Boston have adopted a series of resolutions thanking Parliament for the admission of Mr. Rothschild.

1860: “On Visiting Barnum’s Little Theatre” published today shows the impact of the Bible on popular American culture as it reported that “the earliest dramatic efforts of the middle ages, which were always taken from Scriptural subjects, not unnaturally passes across the mind, as the title of the piece to be represented is announced, -- "Joseph and his brethren." A portion of the Scripture narrative is mingled with the numerous other events which succeed each other with startling rapidity, and are purely imaginative. There are Babylonians -- including the King -- by the score among the dramatis personae, and a corresponding number of Jews and Egyptians. The piece is placed on the stage in a gorgeous manner, and evidently gratifies, not only the children, but the parents also.”


1863(15thof Tishrei, 5624): As Union forces regroup after the Battle of Chickamauga Jews observe Sukkoth

1867:  Toronto became the capital of Canada.  At this time Toronto had a Jewish population of about 200 people.  The community supported one synagogue called Toronto Hebrew Congregation-Holy Blossom Temple. Holy Blossom was Orthodox but would later join the Reform movement. The Jewish community has grown to over 150,000 and, along with Montreal, is one of the two leading centers for Jewish life in Canada.

1869(23rdof Tishrei, 5630): Jews celebrated Simchat Torah for the first time during the Presidency of U.S. Grant

1873: Establishment of Temple B'nai Jeshurun, the oldest of Des Moines' synagogues. Many members of this congregation are buried in Des Moines' oldest Jewish cemetery, Emanuel Jewish.

1873: In Michigan, Congregation Beth El officially affiliated with the Union of American Hebrew Congregations

1874(17th of Tishrei, 5635): Third Day of Sukkoth

1874:“Feast of Tabernacles” published today described the observances on the second day of Sukkoth, including the fact that the Reform only observe the first and last days of the festival while the Orthodox observe the second day in the same manner as the first day. According to the story, the entire service was “conducted in accordance with the command found in the 23rd chapter of Leviticus.  The congregants were dressed in white, recited the Hallel and waved the branches of palm, myrtle and willow as well as the citron.

1876(10th of Tishrei, 5637): Yom Kippur is observed for the last time under President Grant.

1877:  Reverend T. De Witt Talmage delivered a lecture in the Brooklyn Tabernacle entitled “The Admission of Jews Into Gentile Society” and “the Death of the Mormon.”  He began by discussing the tempest created last summer by the Jewish being banned from one of the leading hotels.  He presented an argument that Gentiles were no better than Jews and Jews were no better than Gentiles.  The decision to ban the Jews was based on business and should be left to stand as a business matter.  He then went on to condemn Brigham Young and the Mormons.

1877(21st of Tishrei, 5638): Hoshana Rabah

1877: Today was market day in Bayard Street in NYC.  Reportedly, throngs of Polish Jews were busy buying geese and chickens from one of a multiplicity of buildings that have signs saying “Kosher” their windows.

1878(1st of Tishrei, 5639): Rosh Hashanah

1878: Four thousand worshippers attended services today Temple Emanu-El on New York’s Fifth Avenue.  Rabbi Gustav Gottheil led the service and delivered a sermon in English.  The sermon was based on a verse from Genesis, “So he sent his brethren away, and they departed, and he said unto them, see that you fall not by the wayside.” Professor Davis served as organist as well as music director for the service.

1878: It was reported today that several agencies in New Orleans were soliciting funds to aid those suffering from Yellow Fever including the Hebrew Benevolent Association.

1880(23rd of Tishrei, 5641): For the last time Jews celebrate Simchat Torah under President Hays.

1881: Forty-eight Jews who had arrived at Castle Garden yesterday will be sent to Chicago and Toledo today by a recently formed committee of New York Jews that is charged with meeting their initial needs in the United States.  The group includes ten families and most of the workers are tailors and farmers. 

1882(15th of Tishrei): Sukkoth

1884(9th of Tishrei, 5645): Erev Yom Kippur

1884: It was reported today that Austrian Emperor is prepared to raise Herr Hirsch, the Chief Rabbi of Prague “to noble rank.”

1884: The case of Abraham Jacobs and Jacob Jacobs, two Jews who had charged each other with assault was heard at the Tombs Police Court today.  Since there were no other witnesses and each person’s story had equal weight, charges were dismissed.

1887(10th of Tishrei, 5648): Yom Kippur

1888(23rd of Tishrei, 5649): Simchat Torah

1890(14th of Tishrei, 5651): Erev Sukkoth

1890: Rabbi Gustav Gottheil led services this evening at Temple Emanu-El  where “the pulpit was festooned with garlands of flowers and decorated with fruits and blossoming plants” that included a “majestic palm…a myrtle and a willow.”

1891: Minister Smith leaves for St. Petersburg where he will present President Harrison’s concern about Russian treatment of their Jewish population. This represents a reversal of the behavior of American officials posted to the Czar’s government. Secretary of the Legation Wurtz has exerted pressure against any move to improve the conditions of Russian Jews and “other oppressed classes with whom the great-hearted American people really sympathize.

1891: Jewish Emancipation Day, marking the 100thanniversary of the National Assembly’s vote to grant full citizenship to the Jews of France, was celebrated with an afternoon and evening of merriment at Sulzer’s Harlem River Park.

1892: The annual reported of the Trustees of the Home for Aged and Infirm Hebrews, a summary of which was published today showed there are 160 people living at the facility and that the death rate during the past year “was the lowest in the history of the institution.”

1892: In Russia, The May Laws were amended so that Jews having the “right of residence might rent rooms or might build houses of their own on land leased for the purpose.”

1892: Judge Henry M. Goldfogle chaired tonight’s meeting of those interested in providing assistance to those who suffered losses during the Ludlow Street Fire and $300 was raised with more help promised by Jacob H. Schiff and the United Hebrew Charities.

1893: Mrs. Annie Bauman came to post bail for Max Kestenbaum and Ernest Sachs, her confederates in a scheme to swindle her husband Jacob Baumann the superintendent of the Engle, Heller & Co, a wholesale liquor businesses.

1895(10th of Tishrei, 5656): Yom Kippur

1895: Communicants and Voters” published today provides a snapshot of religious affiliations in the United States where there are twenty million “church communicants” of whom 130,313 are Jews placing them second  from last on the tally followed only by the Friends (Quakers) with 107, 208

1897: The Philadelphia Inquirer described the observance of Rosh Hashanah in Camden, NJ where the Jews held services in Furey’s Hall at the corner of Fourth Street and Kaighn Avenue.

1899: Seventy-seven year old Isaac Bierman who is the Director of the Home for Aged and Infirm Hebrews and his wife celebrated their golden wedding anniversary today.

1899: Birthdate of Boris Yefimov, a Russian cartoonist who would “despised by Hitler and beloved by Stalin” and “who for 70 years and 70,000 drawings” would wield “his talent as a keen sword to advance the goals of his country.”

1901(15th of Tishrei, 5662): Sukkoth

1901:  Birthdate of William S. Paley.  Paley took control of the fledging CBS radio network in the 1920's.  He would make it a competitor of the dominant NBC before shifting CBS to television where it would be the dominant network for several decades.  Under Paley, CBS represented the gamut of American culture from the lowbrow of I Love Lucy to the highbrow of Edward R. Murrow.  One thing that it never did was become a Jewish media outlet, despite what anti-Semitic critics might have said.

1902: Sir Elly Kadoorie and his wife gave birth industrialist and philanthropist Sir Horace Kadoorie, the brother of Sir Lawrence Kadoorie and the nephew of Sir Ellis Kadoorie.

1903(7thof Tishrei, 5664): Seventy-six year old Italian patriot Enrico Guastalla who fought with Garibaldi during the wars that created the modern Italian nation passed away today at Milan.

1904(19thof Tishrei, 5665): Chol Ha Moed Sukkoth

1904(19thof Tishrei, 5665): Eighty-two year old Dr. Phineas J. Horowitz who served as Chief of the Navy Bureau of Medicine passed away today

1905: “Jacob Litt Is Dead” published today included a description of Litt’s rise from program boy at the Grand Opera House in Milwaukee to successful New York theatrical manager whose estate is estimated to be worth more than a million dollars.

1906(9th of Tishrei, 5667): Erev Yom Kippur

1907: “A group of Poalei Zion members gathered at Yitzhak Ben-Zvi's unfurnished apartment in Jaffa apartment formed Bar-Giora, a Jewish self-defense organization named for Simon Bar Giora, one of the leaders of the Jewish Revolt against the Romans. The founding members were Israel Shochat, Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, Mendel Portugali, Israel Giladi, Alexander Zaid, Yehezkel Hankin, Yehezkel Nissanov and Moshe Givoni. The goal of the organization was settling the land and guarding it from Arab attackers. Previously, Arab guards had been hired for protection. Many Jews refused to employ members of Bar- Giora fearing it would cause more friction with the local Arabs.. Bar-Giora chose a line from Yaakov Cohen's poem, Habiryonim as its motto.  "In fire and blood did Judea fall; in blood and fire Judea shall rise." This was one of the mottos of the Jewish defenders during the pogroms in the Russian Empire. Members swore an oath of secrecy, discipline, selfless service, devotion to the cause and loyalty. All decisions had to be ratified by unanimous vote. All members were required to have least a year's experience in farming. Guarding was put off until the members of the organization had gained enough experience and knowledge of the land. When Hashomer was formed in 1909, Bar-Giora was absorbed into it

1909:  Birthdate of Al Capp.  Born in New Haven, Connecticut, the cartoonist gained fame with the creation of "Li'l Abner."  Among the creatures that inhabited the world of Li'l Abner were the Shmoos, little ghost like creatures that when cooked, tasted like any food you would desire.  Many said that the concept reminded them of the Biblical manna. 

1913: Birthdate of psychoanalyst Albert Ellis a founder of the now widely practiced cognitive behavioral therapy.  His blunt advice to patients included “forget god-awful pasts, face fears and change actions." 
 
1914: Seventy-five Jewish refugees arrived in Philadelphia “from the European war zone” and were taken to the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society headquarters at 299 Broadway.

1914: “Answers Jewish Protest” published today provides Postmaster Morgan’s reply to a letter from the East Side Protective Association “protesting against the sub-clerks and sub-carriers of Jewish parentage being forced to work on Yom Kippur” in which he says he is following the same policy as in the past i.e. leave without pay will be granted to those whom apply except in cases where the demand of the workload requires their presence in which case failure to report as requested “will be regarded as insubordination and dealt with as such.”

1914: “Hebrew Federation Officers” published today included a list of those elected to lead the New Jersey Federal of Young Men’s and Young Women’s Hebrew Associations

 
1915: Birthdate of Ethel Rosenberg.  She would join her husband Julius as part of America’s most famous husband and wife spy team.  They would both be executed in 1953.

1916(1stof Tishrei, 5677): Rosh Hashanah

1916:Birthdate of Yizhar Smilansky who was better known by his pen name Samech  Yizhar He  was an Israeli writer and a great innovator in modern Hebrew literature. His pen name S. Yizhar was given to him by the poet and editor Yitzhak Lamdan, when in 1938 he published Yizhar's first story “Ephraim Goes Back to Alfalfa” in his literary journal Galleons. From then on, Yizhar signed his works with his pen name. He passed away in 2006

1918(22ndof Tishrei, 5679): Shemini Atzeret

1918(22ndof Tishrei, 5679): Keni Liptzin, star of the Yiddish Theatre who was most famous for playing the lead roles in two Jacob Gordin plays, Di shkhite and Mirele Efros, the former an attack on arranged marriage, the latter a story about an embittered matriarch who is finally reconciled again to her family, passed away today in New York

1918: As forces under Allenby continued to fight their through Palestine Ottoman forces surrendered to the Anzac Mounted Division today “rather than risk slaughter by Arab irregulars.”

1918: Birthdate of comedian and comedic actor Arnold Stang. Stang gained early fame on the Milton Berle Show.  His voice would become famous to later television generations in several animated series.

1919: The Omaha Race Riot began today; an event for which the Omaha Bee, owned by Victor Rosewater, played a role because of its previous “sensationalized” reporting about attacks by black men

1920: Funeral services for Jacob Schiff are scheduled to be held at 10 o’clock this morning at Temple Emanu-el

1923: Birthdate of Naphtali Kupferberg who would gain fame as Tuli Kupferberg, a poet and singer who went from being a noted Beat to becoming, in his words, “the world’s oldest rock star” when he helped found the Fugs,

1924(29thof Elul, 5684): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1924:Birthdate of Yekutiel (Kuty or Sulic) Sapir, the Ukrainian native married to Mina Arison Sapir the mother of Micky and Shari Arison.

1924: Birthdate of Rudolf Barshai, an orchestral conductor who built a prominent career in the West after defecting from the Soviet Union in the 1970s.

1925(10thof Tishrei, 5686): Yom Kippur

1926: Birthdate of Mordechai “Mottie” Hod, the sabra from Degania who commanded the Israeli Air Force during the Six Day War in 1967.  If you did not know he was a real person you would have thought he was created Ian Fleming or Tom Clancy.

1927(1st of Tishrei, 5688): Rosh Hashanah

1929: Birthdate of General Mordechai “Mottie’ Hod, the commander of the Israeli Air Force during the Six Day War.

1928: Shortstop Jonah Goldman made his major league debut with the Cleveland Indians.

1930(6thof Tishrei, 5691): Seventy-four year old Daniel Guggenheim passed away today

1932: Birthdate of Sir Jeremy Issacs, the cousin of virologist Alick Isaacs, was a successful British television producer as well General Director of the Royal Opera House at Covent Garden.

1933: Birthdate of Madeleine May Kunin, a Swiss born American diplomat and politician. She was the Governor of Vermont from 1985 until 1991. She also served as United States Ambassador to Switzerland from 1996 to 1999. She was Vermont's first female governor as well as the first Jewish governor of Vermont. She was also the first Jewish woman to be elected governor of a U.S. state.

1935(1stof Tishrei, 5696): Rosh Hashanah

1937: Mussolini and Hitler gave speeches in front of 1,000,000 people in Berlin  Italians would later try and portray themselves as victims after they had switched sides during World War II.  The reality is that the Axis Alliance was seen by Hitler as a valuable tool in his plan to create a Third Reich that would be Jew-free.

1937(23rdof Tishrei, 5698): Simchat Torah

1937: It was reported today that John M. Schiff, the grandson of the late Jacob M. Schiff, will head the campaign to raise $250,000 for The Henry Street visiting Nurse Service.  Schiff is a partner in Kuhn, Loeb & Co.

1938: The Munich Conference is attended by French Premier Edouard Daladier, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, and Hitler. Climaxing the Allies' appeasement policy, France and Great Britain permit Germany to illegally annex the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia. Most of Europe breathes a sigh of relief because war is averted. Daladier, observing the huge crowds awaiting him at the Orly airport near Paris, fears that they will tear him apart for betraying France's Czech ally. After he lands, he is relieved when his people throw roses at him.

1938: The Czech representatives to the conference, who had been forced to wait helplessly in the corridor outside the conference hall, break down into sobs after hearing the news of the Allied concessions to Germany. Also at the conference, Chamberlain signs a Friendship Treaty with Germany without informing his French ally. Arriving home, he triumphantly holds this scrap of paper up to the crowd that surrounds his airplane and promises "peace in our time."
 
1939(15th of Tishrei, 5700): Sukkoth

1939: Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned Poland. The result was a sudden mass expulsion of Jews during which thousands were robbed and hundreds murdered.

1939: The Nazis turned Przemsyl over to the Soviets after they had murdered 600 Jews living there.

1939: Warsaw surrenders to Nazi Germany during World War II.  The Holocaust comes to the Polish capital.  In the meantime, the French army, which could have attacked Germany on its western border thus providing real help to the Poles, remained, for all intents and purposes, inactive.

1939: The SS selects the start of the weeklong Jewish festival of Sukkoth to forcibly deport more than 8000 Jews from Pultusk, Poland.

1941(7th of Tishrei, 5702): The Massacre at Kamenets-Podolsk, in the Ukraine continued for its second and final day during which 23,000 Jews were killed.

1942: In Breda, Dutch chess player Salo (Salomon) Landau and his family were captured today as they tried to escape to Switzerland and were shipped to two different concentration camps.

1942: The Nazis activated a new train schedule that included the following daily direct transports: one train a day from Radom to Treblinka, one train a day from Cracow to Belzec, and one train a day would go from Lvov to Belzec. Each train would consist of 50 cars and carry 2,000 Jews. By November two more direct connections would be established: Lublin to Sobibor and Chlemno to Sobibor.

1943:After secretly making sure Sweden would receive Jewish refugees, Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz, a German diplomat, leaked word of the plans for the operation against Denmark's Jews to Hans Hedtoft, chairman of the Danish Social Democratic Party. Hedtoft contacted the Danish Resistance Movement and the head of the Jewish community, C.B. Henriques, who in turn alerted the acting chief rabbi, Dr. Marcus Melchior.

1943(28th of Elul, 5703): Todays marks the two-day slaughter of the Jews from the community from Split, Yugoslavia, the concentration camp in Sajmiste, Yugoslavia,.

1943: Over a forty-eight hour period Roman Jews deliver 50 kilograms of gold to the Gestapo in Rome, as ordered. Pope Pius XII had offered to lend the Italian Jews 15 kilograms of gold if they could not collect the full amount themselves. In the end, it does not matter.  The Germans lied, taking the gold and the Jews. 

1943:A convoy of taxis and private cars pulled up to the Gestapo headquarters in Rome carrying the ransom of fifty kilograms in gold which was the payment demanded to avoid the deportation of two hundred Jews.

1943: The Last Nazi "Action taken" took place in Amsterdam. Two thousand Jews were deported.  This meant that almost 110,000 Jews, which was 95% of Holland's former Jewish population, would not survive the war.

1944(11th of Tishrei, 5705): Boys deemed too short by Auschwitz's Dr. Josef Mengele are gassed.

1944: After a four month hiatus, the Nazis resume deportations from Theresienstadt, to Auschwitz. Among the 2499 prisoners deported on this day is teenager Petr Ginz, a Czech of Jewish background who was the guiding light behind Vedem (In the Lead), a secret "magazine" created and distributed throughout Theresienstadt. More than 1000 of these 2499 prisoners are gassed immediately.

1944(11th of Tishrei, 5705): One thousand of the 2,499 Jews sent to Birkenau from Theresienstadt were gassed.

1944: German forces defeat British airborne troops at the Battle of Arnhem in the Netherlands.   This marked the end of Operation Market Garden, Field Marshall Montgomery’s poorly planned, poorly executed “plan” to defeat Germany with a single “masterstroke.”  This ego-manically mission meant fuel and supplies were diverted from Patton’s hard charging Third Army and that the war would be prolonged which of course meant more Jews perishing in the Holocaust.

1944: Soviet troops liberate Klooga Concentration in Kalooga, Estonia.


1945(21st of Tishrei, 5706): Hoshana Raba observed for the first time since the end of WW II.

1946(1st of Elul, 5706): Rosh Chodesh Elul

1946: Birthdate of rock star Helen Shapiro. Born in the East End of London she was the granddaughter of Polish Jewish immigrants and the daughter piece-workers in the garment industry.

1947:HUAC subpoenaed 24 "friendly" (some had previously testified during HUAC's closed sessions in L.A.) and 19 "unfriendly" witnesses (mostly Jewish), summoning them to Washington. The self-styled hunt for Communist, as can be seen from HUAC’s activities took a definite anti-Semitic tinge.

1950: Too late for the opening ceremonies, but just in time for the start of the first day’s athletic competition, thirteen athletes and four officials fly in from the Netherlands to compete in the Maccabiah.

1950: Jewish athletes from around the world begin playing in the elimination rounds for soccer, tennis and basketball as the Maccabiah games get under way in stadiums in nine Israeli cities including Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, Rehovoth and Petah Tikva.

1951:Israel's waterfront, its only border now open to the rest of the world, is being rapidly improved to handle its increased shipping activity and expanding young merchant marine, Raphael Recanati, general manager here of the Israel-America Line,” said here today.  Mr. Recanati spoke glowingly of the improvements that have been made at the Port of Haifa and plans to improve conditions at the underutilized facilities at Tel Aviv.  He also reported that the Israel-America line will add another freighter to its fleet, bringing to eight, the number of vessels plying the waters between the east coast of the United and the ports of Haifa and Tel Aviv.

1952(9th of Tishrei, 5713): As the war drags on, the haunting tones of Kol Nidre take on an especially haunting sound for American GI’s in Korea.

1954(1st of Tishrei, 5715): Rosh Hashanah

1954: Birthdate of Jerry Stahl, author of Permanent Midnight, which was made into a movie starring Ben Stiller.

1956(23rd of Tishrei, 5717): Simchat Torah

1956: An Israeli delegation headed by Golda Meir that included Moshe Dayan, Moshe Carmel and Shimon Peres left Lod airport for a secret trip to Paris, the purpose of which was to explore the possibility of coordinating an attack on

1959: In what is turning out to be a season for baseball miracles, Larry Sherry pitches the Dodgers past the Braves to take a one game lead in the National League playoff.  Another victory will mean the Dodgers will make it to the World Series after having finished in 7th place in 1958.

1960: Warner Brothers released Dore Schary’s “Sunrise at Campobello”

1963:  Whaam!, now considered Roy Lichtenstein's most important work, debuted at an exhibition held at the Leo Castelli Gallery that lasted until at October 24.

1964(22nd of Tishrei, 5725): Shmini Atzeret

1964(22nd of Tishrei, 5725): Harpo Marx passed away at the age of 75. One of the famed Marx Brothers, Harpo was the one who did not speak.

1970:  Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt died.  Nasser had come to power as a reformer in the 1950's.  The Israelis had hoped that Nasser would make peace with the Jewish state.  However, Nasser saw himself as Pan Arab leader who would unite the Arabs/Moslems in one unified entity from Morocco to Indonesia while driving the Western Imperialists from this domain. (Yes, Osama is not the first person to have this idea.) Nasser was committed to the destruction of Israel. He did not hate the West because of Israel.  As he said, he hated Israel because it was of the West.  Nasser was replaced by Sadat who made history with his trip to Jerusalem and the Camp David Accords.

1973: In St. Johnsbury, VT, Congregation Beth-El celebrated the Bat Mitzvah of Amy Aronoff, daughter of Gene and Sheila.  It was the first Bat Mitzvah to be held at the temple.

1975(23rdof Tishrei, 5736): Simchat Torah

1975:  Birthdate of Ukrainian born, American gold medal winning swimmer, Lenny Krayzelburg.

1976: “One Day At A Time” starring Bonnie Franklin began its second season.

1978: The Israeli Knesset endorsed Camp David Accord moving Egypt and Israel one step closer to a peace treaty that has held for over a quarter of a century.

1981:In St. Johnsbury, Vermont, Congregation Beth-El, held its first services in its new building.

1982: Today the Israeli government established the Kahan Commission which “four months later found Israel to be indirectly responsible for the massacres, and recommended Ariel Sharon's resignation.”

1983: U.S. premiere of “The Big Chill” directed by Lawrence Kasdan who co-authored the script.

1988: The funeral of Paul Cowan is scheduled to take place today at  9 A.M. at Ansche Chesed synagogue, at West End Avenue and 100th Street.

1990: U.S. premiere of “Pacific Heights” directed by John Schlesinger.

1992(1stof Tishrei, 5753): The Orthodox synagogue in Little Rock, AR is filled with a throng of extra attendees – Jewish Clinton campaign workers celebrating Rosh Hashanah

1993: Outfielder Shawn Green made his major league debut with the Toronto Blue Jays.

1994(23rdof Tishrei, 5755): Simchat Torah

1995: In article entitled “Negotiators, Arab and Israeli, Built Friendship From Mistrust” Serge Schmemann reported from Jerusalem today that  “There was a moment in the final, crisis-ridden hours of the negotiations on the West Bank that brought home to the heads of both the Israeli and the Arab teams what they had really achieved in their long months together.” http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/06/07/reviews/savir-profile.html

1997: In a review entitled “The Return of the Schlemiel,” William Goodman examines The Complete Stories by Bernard Malamud whose “magic barrel overflows with schnorrers and schleppers, hustlers and gulls, down-at-the-heel rabbis and down-in the mouth students…”

1997: The New York Times book section included reviews by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including Kirk Douglas's Climbing the Mountain: My Search for Meaning' an extension of his 1988 best-selling autobiography, The Ragman's Son

2000: Ariel Sharon and an escort of over 1,000 Israeli police officers visited the Temple Mount complex, site of the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque, the holiest place in the world to Jews and the third holiest site in Islam

2000: Al Aqsa Intifada began.  While there are those who claim that the violence was a spontaneous response of Ariel Sharon to the Temple Mount, the reality differs from what might politely be called an Urban Myth.  The Al Aqsa Intifada was the orchestrated response of Arafat to the Camp David proposals of Ehud Barak and backed by President Clinton.  Arab history is replete with using violence as a response to diplomatic negotiations.

2001: U.S. premier of “Zoolander” directed and produced by Ben Stiller who wrote the script and starred in the film as well.

2003(2ndof Tishrei, 5764):Marshall N. Rosenbluth, a pioneer in unleashing and taming nuclear fusion, the force that powers the sun and stars, passed away at the age of 76.  A modest man whose insights were not as well known as those of more flamboyant colleagues, Dr. Rosenbluth as a young man helped invent the hydrogen bomb, was exposed to radioactive fallout in a nuclear test and soon thereafter devoted himself to trying to harness thermonuclear fire for peaceful ends.  In 1997, he won the National Medal of Science, the nation's highest scientific honor, for contributions to nuclear fusion and plasma physics, the study of hot electrically charged gases like those in interstellar space and the atmospheres of stars.  Known as the dean of plasma physics, Dr. Rosenbluth was a world leader in trying to turn the hot plasmas of nuclear fusion into nearly limitless electrical power.  ''Marshall was a scientist of towering stature,'' said Dr. Marvin L. Goldberger, a former president of the California Institute of Technology and a former director of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J.  A warm, friendly person who liked opera and sometimes smoked a pipe, Dr. Rosenbluth won many friends among the physicists who came to dominate the nation's scientific life in the atomic era and won respect from them for his keen intellect.   ''He was incredibly capable at analyzing problems and finding solutions to a great depth of understanding,'' said Richard L. Garwin, a physicist who worked with Dr. Rosenbluth on the hydrogen bomb.  Born in Albany, Marshall Nicholas Rosenbluth graduated from Harvard in 1946 and went to graduate school in physics at the University of Chicago, where many of his teachers had recently helped to invent the atomic bomb.  He liked to tell friends how Enrico Fermi and Edward Teller -- two stars of 20th-century physics -- got into an argument in 1949 while listening to him defend his doctoral thesis.  ''It went on and on,'' recalled Harold Agnew, then a graduate student at Chicago, who eventually directed the weapons laboratory at Los Alamos, N.M. ''Finally, Fermi turned to Edward and said, 'O.K., you pass.' And then he turned to Marshall, who was just 22, and said 'O.K., you pass, too.''' In 1950, Teller recruited Dr. Rosenbluth to join the Los Alamos National Laboratory, where the young scientist did secret research that helped create the hydrogen bomb. Dr. Teller, considered the father of the bomb, credited Dr. Rosenbluth with important details of its design. In 1952, preparing for the bomb's first explosive test, Dr. Rosenbluth went to the South Pacific. One night he ate too much shrimp and had trouble sleeping, as recounted in Richard Rhodes's 1995 book ''Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb.'' Sleepless, Dr. Rosenbluth pondered the bomb's design and suddenly realized that the scientists had made a serious mistake that could result in a dud. The problem was soon acknowledged and fixed with a new explosive core. When detonated, the hydrogen bomb vaporized a mile-wide island with power 700 times as great as the atom bomb dropped on Hiroshima. In 1954, again in the South Pacific, Dr. Rosenbluth was aboard a Navy destroyer when a hydrogen bomb test turned out to be unexpectedly strong and showered his ship with radioactive fallout. ''It was pretty frightening,'' he recalled in Mr. Rhodes's book. ''There was a huge fireball with these turbulent rolls going in and out. The thing was glowing. It looked to me like a diseased brain up in the sky. It spread until the edge of it looked as if it was almost directly overhead. It was a much more awesome sight than a puny little atomic bomb. It was a pretty sobering and shattering experience.'' Around this time, Dr. Rosenbluth joined a small group of scientists who developed the Monte Carlo simulation, now a standard research tool in statistical mechanics, chemistry, biochemistry and other fields. It involves random sampling to simulate physical systems. Dr. Rosenbluth also turned his energies to the challenge of harnessing nuclear fusion for peaceful purposes. His dream was to find a way to compress fickle hot plasmas into stable configurations that generate excess power, a task that has been compared to using rubber bands to hold a blob of jelly. In 1956, he joined General Atomics, a San Diego company that sought to pioneer fusion energy. He also taught physics at the University of California at San Diego, joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton and directed the Institute for Fusion Studies at the University of Texas. He retired in 1993 as an emeritus professor of physics at San Diego. In the cold war, Dr. Rosenbluth advocated science exchanges with the Soviet Union. ''The more interaction there is, the less paranoia,'' he said in 1985. ''The Russians certainly have shown a good deal of that.'' More recently, he worked to foster international teamwork in fusion and physics research. He was a central figure in the International Center for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and of the International Thermonuclear Reactor, a program to demonstrate the feasibility of using fusion to generate power. For more than half a century, Dr. Rosenbluth aided the federal government, serving on panels like Jason, which is composed of eminent scientists who advise security agencies on knotty scientific issues. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and received numerous awards, including the E. O. Lawrence Award, the Albert Einstein Award and the Enrico Fermi Award. With typical modesty, Dr. Rosenbluth made little fuss about his achievements on his faculty profile at San Diego. It was three sentences long. (As reported by William J. Broad)

2003(2ndof Tishrei, 5764): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

2003:The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest includingAct of Creation: The Founding of the United Nations: A Story of Superpowers, Secret Agents, Wartime Allies and Enemies, and Their Quest for a Peaceful Worldby Stephen C. Schlesinger and Real Jews :Secular vs. Ultra-Orthodox and the Struggle for Jewish Identity in Israelby Noah J. Efron

2004: George Soros “dedicated more money to the campaign and kicked off his own multi-state tour with a speech: Why We Must Not Re-elect President Bush delivered at the National Press Club in Washington.”

2005(24th of Elul, 5765): Ninety-seven year old Leo Henryk Sternbach, the chemist who created Valium passed away today. (As reported by Jeremy Pearce)
2005:  The Jerusalem Post reported two major archeological finds.  First and foremost was a First-Temple period seal discovered amidst piles of rubble from Jerusalem's Temple Mount, The small - less than 1 cm - seal impression, or bulla, was discovered by Bar-Ilan University archaeologist Dr. Gabriel Barkay amidst piles of rubble from the Temple Mount Secondly, in a separate major archaeological development in Jerusalem, a Jewish ritual bath, or mikva, dating back to the Second Temple period, and a First Temple Wall have been found in an underground chamber adjacent to the Western Wall tunnels.  The announcement came from Jon, Seligman, Jerusalem regional archaeologist for the Antiquities Authority'.

2006:A state memorial ceremony is held at Babi Yar, near the Ukrainian capital of Kiev, where German and Ukrainian soldiers and policemen carried out the mass murder. The memorial is being held on the first day of what would be a two day massacre. 

2006:According to a report published today there has been a ten per cent increase in the numbers of Jewish students at Vanderbilt University. Four years after Chancellor Gordon Gee’s public call for increased numbers of Jewish students in a 2002 Wall Street Journal article, Vanderbilt University has a student population that is 12 percent Jewish and has made its way onto Reform Judaism magazine’s list of the top 30 private schools that Jewish students choose.

2007: Former Chief Rabbi Avraham Elkana Shapira, the 94-year-old spiritual giant of religious Zionism, who passed away yesterday morning after a sudden deterioration in his medical condition will be buried today with the burial procession, which is expected to draw tens of thousands, slated to leave Harav Yeshiva at 10:30 a.m. Between 1983 and 1993, Shapira was chief Ashkenazi rabbi while Rabbi Mordechai Eliahu served as the chief Sephardi rabbi. Shapira and Eliahu were considered the two most senior religious Zionist Halachic authorities. Shapira was behind two ground breaking Halachic decisions during his stint as chief rabbi. First, he recognized Ethiopian immigrants as members of the Jewish people. His decision, which followed that of Rabbi Ovadia Yosef of Shas, opened the way for the acceptance of Ethiopian immigrants to religious Zionist institutions. And in 1986, Shapira made the controversial decision to allow heart transplants and other organ transplants.

2007(16th of Tishrei, 5768): Second Day of Sukkoth

2007: “The International Monetary Fund's 24 executive directors selected Dominque Strauss-Kahn as the new managing director
 
2007:The Archivist of the United States presented to Congress, the Administration, and the American people the final report of the Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group (IWG) on which Elizabeth Holtzman served as a public member.

2007: In Patterson, NJ. Barnet Hospital which was named in honor of Jewish philanthropist and former mayor Nathan Barnet, was scheduled to close after having sought protection in Chapter 11 in August.

2007: The "Save Our Simon" project raised 1.2 million dollars to be used in the preservation of the Simon Theatre in Brenham, Texas.  The Simon Theatre was built by Alex Simon, a member of the Simon family of Brenham, Texas, a family known for its business acumen and civic mindedness.

2008(28th of Elul, 5768):Aaron Katz, who for more than 50 years publicly sought the exoneration of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg passed away today at the age of 92.  He also sought exoneration for Martin Sobel who was imprisoned for spying on behalf of the Soviets along with the Rosenbergs. Mr. Sobell served more than 18 years in prison, and for years Mr. Katz worked to clear his name. Unfortunately for Mr. Katz, in 2008, Mr. Sobell, 91, after maintaining his innocence for 57 years, admitted that he and Julius Rosenberg had been spies for the Soviets during World War II, when the Soviets were allies of the United States. “Yeah, yeah, yeah, call it that,” he said of the espionage label, making his admission in an interview with The New York Times. “I never thought of it as that in those terms.” Mr. Sobell also said that Ethel Rosenberg had been aware of her husband’s espionage but had not participated in it. “She knew what he was doing,” he said, “but what was she guilty of? Of being Julius’s wife.”  Mrs. Katz said she had not told her husband of Mr. Sobell’s admission which means he went to his grave believing in their innocence. “He would have been very upset, mortified, to know that all 50 years he was spending defending the Rosenbergs and Morton, and to find out that now Morton is saying he and Julius were guilty,” Mrs. Katz said. “He really believed in Morton’s innocence, as well as the Rosenbergs’. He also believed Ethel was framed.”

2008:The Center for Jewish History presents "Hotel Terminus: The Life and Times of Klaus Barbie” The 20th Anniversary Presentation.

2008: The New York Times reviewed books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including Hurry Down Sunshine by Michael Greenberg, Fallen Giants’ History of Himalayan Mountaineering From the Age of Empire to the Age of Extremes, co-authored by Maurice Isserman and The King and the Cowboy: Theodore Roosevelt and Edward the Seventh, Secret Partners by David Fromkin

2008: The Washington Post reviewed books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including American Lightning: Terror, Mystery, Movie-Making, and the Crime of the Centuryby Howard Blum and The Other Side of the Island by Allegra Goodman

2008: Yefim Bronfman performed with the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra.

2009 (10 Tishrei, 5770): Yom Kippur

2009:This morning, on Yom Kippur, Palestinian militants opened fire at IDF troops patrolling the border fence between Israel and Gaza.

2009: Iranian Revolutionary Guards are scheduled to test-fire a missile on today that defense analysts have said could hit Israel and U.S. bases in the Gulf region. Israel is especially sensitive to military action on Yom Kippur given what happened in 1973
 
2009: In Lexington, Mississippi, recitation of the Nei’lah services marks the final scheduled worship service at the 104 year old white wooden synagogue that is the home of Temple Beth el.  While this may be a bitter-sweet moment for the members of this Jewish community that has existed since the 1830’s, their accomplishment of keeping the light lit for almost two centuries is a challenge to us all.  A congregation like this thrives not because of a large staff of paid professionals; it thrives because of the devoted participation of each congregant. 

2010: The Center for Jewish History in New York is scheduled to present a program entitled “Communism on Trial: Jewish Politics and the Slansky Affair.”

2010: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or or special interest to Jewish readers including “Washington: A Life” by Ron Chernow and “Poisoning the Press: Richard Nixon, Jack Andrson, and the Rise of Washington’s Scandal Culture” by Mark Feldstein

2010(28thof Tishrei, 5771): Eighty-eight year old cinema director and producer Arthur Penn passed away today.

2010(28thof Tishrei, 5771): Ninety-two year old Aaron Katz, who publicly and actively proclaimed the innocence of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg passed away today.  (As reported by Dennis Hevesi)

2010:Alan G. Hevesi, the former state comptroller, is poised to plead guilty to a felony corruption charge after a lengthy investigation into his office’s rewarding of pension investment business to firms that provided financial benefits to Mr. Hevesi and his aides, people with knowledge of the case said today  
 
2010: It was reported today that Dr. Eli Landuah has “The White Book,” the first pork cookbook written for the Israeli market.

2011:The Tel Aviv District Labor Court ruled this afternoon that railway workers must return to negotiations with Israel Railways over plans to purchase new train cars from an external company, Bombardier, and outsource maintenance of those cars to that company. 

2011: Today The United States sought to press its wary allies in Egypt's army leadership to bolster ties with Israel and stick to scheduled elections later this year, even though a new set of leaders much less friendly to the US and the Jewish state may be the winners.

2011:Egyptian Foreign Minister Mohamed Kamel Amr said today that Israel and the Palestinians should resume talks with clear terms of reference and clear timeline.

 2011(29th of Elul, 5771): Erev Rosh Hashanah
שנה טובה, כתיבה וחתימה טובה.

2012: “Jews From Algeria” is scheduled to open at the Musee d’art et d’histoire du Judaisme in Paris, France.
2012: David Fisher’s “Six Million and One” is scheduled to be shown for the first time at Lincoln Plaza Cinema in New York City.

.2012:An explosion struck a Jewish community building in the southern Swedish city of Malmö early this morning, Swedish media reported. The blast caused no injuries. “There has been an explosion. Something has detonated – we are certain of that,” police officer Erik Liljenström said to local paper Sydsvenska
 
2012(12thof Tishrei, 5773): Eighty-five year old Avraham Adan
2012:Jordan has appointed a new ambassador to Israel over two years after the previous envoy returned from Tel Aviv to Amman, a senior Jordanian official told AFP and Ammon News today.The new ambassador, Walid Obeidat, is a career diplomat in the Hashemite Kingdom's Foreign Service.

2012(12thof Tishrei, 5773): Eighty year old advertising executive Stephen Frankfurt passed away today.

2013: In Spain, the towns of San Juan and Rio Jerte are scheduled to open a “Judaica festival featuring a mock wedding to celebrate their lost Jewish Heritage.”

2013: “In The Dark Room” a creation of Israeli filmmaker Nadav Schirman is scheduled to be shown as the New York Film Festival opens for its 50th year.

2013(24thof Tishrei, 5774): On Shabbat all over the world, Jews begin the Torah cycle again with “Bereshit.” Am Yisroel Chai

2013: No tickets are available for tonight’s showing of “Fill the Void” at the 17thannual Jewish Film Festival in Dallas

2013: “Three Israel Air Force jets were scrambled today to intercept unidentified aerial objects amid suspicion these were unmanned drones that penetrated Israeli airspace.”

2014: The New York Times features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including Faithful and Virtuous Night by Louise Glück, The Undertaking by Audrey Magee, Consumed by David Cronenberg and  The Shifts and the Shocks: What We’ve Learned ---and Have Still to Learn – From the Financial Crisis by Martin Wolf

2014: Israeli filmmaker Nadav Schirman is scheduled to make a personal appearance at the New York Film Festival.

2014: The Oregon Jewish Museum and Center for Holocaust Education a Next Generations Get-Together which will help train those who will be speaking about the Holocaust.

2014(4thof Tishrei, 5775): T’zom Gedaliah observed

This Day, September 29, In Jewish History by Mitchell A. Levin

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September 29

522 BCE: Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta, securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. The success of Darius was good thing for the Jewish people.  From the Book of Haggai, we can infer that the building of the Second Temple was completed in his reign.  According to Ezra, Darius supported the claims of the Jews when the Samaritans tried to stop the building of the Temple.  After searching his archives for the original text authorizing the construction of the Temple, including King’s promise to supply the funds, Darius re-iterated the order and added the proviso that “in the completed Temple a sacrifice was to be made for the welfare of the king and his sons.”  This practice of offering a sacrifice continued after Persian rule ended and lasted until the Great Revolt in 70.  “The building of the Temple was completed in the sixth year of Darius’ reign (516/515 BCE) and was marked by the joyous celebration of Passover (Ezra 6:15-20).”

480 BCE: The Greeks defeat the Persian fleet of Xerxes I at the Battle of Salamis.  At this time Judah and Jerusalem were part of the Persian Empire.  Xerxes reigned from 483 BCE to 465 BCE which meant that he was a contemporary of Ezra and Nehemiah. The campaigns of Xerxes appeared to have little impact on the Jews of Judah and Jerusalem.  The only Biblical reference to him can be found in the Book of Ezra, Chapter 4; verse 6. While the Jews may have had no interest in the conquest of Greece, they would certainly have been supportive of the Persian ruler since, all things considered, the Jews of Jerusalem and Babylonia fared well under Persian rule during this period of history.

106 BCE: Birthdate of Pompey, the Roman General who was part of the First Triumvirate.  Jews remember him as the conqueror of Jerusalem who defiled the Temple by entering the Holy of Holies. But that is only part of the story.  Pompey’s conquest was, in part, the product of civil war between two Jewish leaders – Hyrcanus who had the support of the Pharisees and Aristobulus who had the support of the Sadduces. This is only one example of the behavior that reinforces the claim by some rabbis that the Second Temple fell because of the lack of love shown by one Jew for another Jew.

393: Roman Emperors Theodosius I, Arcadius, and Honorius decree that Judaism is protected by law and that synagogues must not be despoiled.

1187: Saladin leads his army into Jerusalem. 

1227: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, is excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX for his failure to participate in the Crusades. This is the same Pope Gregory who ordered copies of the Talmud be burned.  This is the same Frederick who on the one hand carried on favorable correspondence with Jewish scholars while on the other hand denying Jews the right to hold public offices and forcing the Jews of Palermo to live in a ghetto.  The excommunication had nothing to do with the Jews. It reflected a power struggle between the monarch and the pope, who was determined to extend the power of the church and wipe out heresy.  The mis-treatment of the Jews was merely a knee-jerk reaction for these leaders.

1273:Rudolph I of Germany begins his reign. “Rudolph re-affirmed the statue promulgated by Archduke Frederick the Valiant which protected the Jews “against persecution and murder.  “On the other hand…he issued a special decree to the citizens of Vienna which solemnly declared” that the Jews were ineligible to hold public offices.

1349: After an attack on the Jews at Krems, Austria, Albert II forcibly ended the riots. Austriawas thus one of the few places of relative security in Europeat that time.

1560: King Gustav I of Sweden, also known as Gustav Vasa passed away.  While there was no Jewish community in Sweden at this time, according to one report, Gustav had a Jewish physician, a common practice among the monarchs of Europe.

1612: Vincent Fettmilch a former pastry cook and leader of the "Guilds", calling himself the "new Haman of the Jews" attacked the Frankfurt synagogue while the community was at prayer. Although many tried to organize a defense, they were soon overpowered and many took shelter in the cemetery. He was beheaded four years later because he made the mistake of threatening the well-being of wealthy Christians who really responsible for the impoverishment of the former pastry cook and his supporters.

1688:Governor Elihu Yale founded the Municipality of Madras, composed of a mayor, 12 aldermen appointed for life, and a council of 60 citizens. The mayor was elected by the alderman who consisted of three Company employees, one Frenchman, three Jews, two Portuguese, and two local citizens. This shows the proportional weight of Jewish representation. The first three Jewish aldermen were Bartolomeo Rodrigues, Domingo do Porto, and Alvaro da Fonseca who had arrived from Covalao, India, where they supposedly lived as Portuguese. Upon arrival in Madras, they became openly Jewish. At first they were regarded as interlopers, but over the years they came to own the largest trading company in Madras; it dealt with precious stones, coral, amber, sandalwood and its range was all of India and Burma, Indonesia, China, and the Philippines. Bartolomeo Rodrigues, known also as Jacob de Sequeira was president of the company. An English Jew, he became one of the most prominent citizens of Madras. After his death in 1692, he was replaced by his partner, Alvaro da Fonseca, known also as Jacob Jesurun Alvares. (Some of the Portuguese Jews in Madras used their Portuguese names on their visits to Goa and Saint Tomé that were in Portuguese hands and when the Inquisition was active, and their Jewish names in Madras. Alvaro da Fonseca came from the English Caribbean island of Nevis. Under his management the company became even larger and owned its own ships for transport from Madras to Europe. By the mid-eighteenth century there were almost no Portuguese Jews in Madras. The gravestones of the old Jewish cemetery were moved to the Central Park of Madras in 1934 with the gate of the cemetery on which is written Beit ha-Haim in Hebrew letters, the last vestige of Jewish presence in Madras in the seventeenth century.

1758: In Berlin, Miriam and Daniel Itzig gave birth to Vögele Itzig who gained game as Fanny von Arnstein, the wife of banker Nathan Adam von Arnstein – position from which she became a leader in Viennese society.

1785: The Chasidic sect was excommunicated in Cracow, Poland.  This was part of the clash between the Mitnagdim and Chasidim that plagued the Jews of Eastern Europe.  It is one of those intra-tribal clashes that has lost its bite with the passage of time but was razor sharp two or three centuries ago
 
1789(9th of Tishrei, 5550): As France is rocked by Revolution, Jews gather to hear Kol Nidre
1791(1st of Tishrei, 5552): Just one day after Rosh Hashanah after France adopts legislation emancipating its Jewish population, Jews observe Rosh Hashanah.
 
1797 (19 Tishrei 5558): Eliyahu ben Shlomo Zalman, otherwise known as Vilna Gaon, passes away.  Born in 1720, he was the greatest Talmudic mind of his time. He had mastered the Bible and started on the Talmud at the age of six. Though he preferred to live in seclusion, his reputation grew until he was known as the unofficial spiritual head of Eastern European Jewry. He was a leading opponent of the Chassidic wave that was sweeping Europe at that time.  He felt they presented a danger because they were anti-intellectual and leaned toward Shabbetianism. He went so far as to issue a ban and excommunicated its followers. The group which opposed the Chasidim became known as the Mitnagdim or Mitnagdim. As a scholar, the Vilna Gaon pointed the way to a systematic study of the Torah in its entirety, not just those sections relevant to practical life. He wrote over 70 commentaries on all aspects of Jewish life.

1800(10thof Tishrei, 5561): Jews the world over observe Yom Kippur for the first time in the 19th century

1810(1stof Tishrei, 5571): An unknown number of Jews in the United States observe Rosh Hashanah. The number is unknown, because the census completed in August of that year did not ask any questions about the religious affiliation of the citizenry making the American experience a unique one.

1812(23rd of Tishrei, 5573): As Jews in England and the United States are divided by the War of 1812, they are united by the celebration of Simchat Torah

1814(15th of Tishrei, 5575): Jews living in Washington, DC, take time from rebuilding their city which was burned by the British  a month ago, to observe the first day of Sukkoth

1819(10thof Tishrei, 5580): As Americans cope with the Panic of 1819, “the first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States” which will last until 1921, Jews observe Yom Kippur
1821: In Pressburg, Mordechai Efraim Fischel and his wife gave birth to Chaim Sofer a leading 19th century Hungarian Rabbi.

1825: Today’s issue of The National Intelligencer, a newspaper published in Washington, DC, contained a full report of the dedication of Ararat, a city that Mordecai Noah envision as “A City of Refuge for the Jews.”

1832: In Ivančice, Helena Punda and Rabbi Issakhar Bar Oppenheim gave birth to Rabbi Joachim Oppenheim.

1838(10thof Tishrei, 5599): Just 12 weeks after the Arabs attacked the Jewish community in Safed, observance of Yom Kippur

1850(23rd of Tishrei, 5611): Simchat Torah is observed for the first time during the Presidency of Millard Fillmore.

1855: In Baltimore, MD, David Einhorn was named as the first rabbi of Congregation Har Sinai

1856: “Henry Irving” made his stage debut today at the Sunderland in the role of Gaston, Duke of Orleans in “Richielieu.” He would labor with little real success for the next 15 years until he first played Mathias in “The Bells,” a version of Erckmann-Chatrian's “Le Juif polonaise” by Leopold Lewis

1859(1st of Tishrei, 5620): Rosh Hashanah

1859: On the first day of Rosh Hashanah services began at 6 a.m. at the synagogue on Greene Street near Bleecker.  Rabbi Morris Raphall preached the sermon. Services ended at noon.

1859: At Temple Emanu-El, Rosh Hashanah services began at 9 a.m. and lasted for three hours.  Dr. Samuel Adler preached the sermon.

1861Congregation Beth Elohim was founded today by 41 German Jews at Granada Hall on Myrtle Avenue by former members of Congregation Baith Israel who had become disaffected after they attempted and failed to reform religious practices at practices at what came to be known as the Kane Street Synagogue.

1862(6th of Tishrei, 5623): Paul Johann Heyse’s wife, Margarete, lost her battle with lung illness and passed away today. Heyse was the first Jew to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.

1865(9thof Tishrei, 5626): For the first time in years, the sound of Kol Nidre will not be drowned out by the sounds of guns from the American Civil War.

1867(29th of Elul, 5627): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1867: Mathilde Nachmann and Emil Rathenau, “a prominent Jewish businessman and founder of the Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG), an electrical-engineering company” gave birth to Walter Rathenau, a “German statesman, industrialist and philosopher.”  Rathenau’s life and death epitomize the absurd nature of Jewish life in Germany.  During World War I, this successful industrialist used all of his acumen and skills to mold the German economy to meet the needs of the military.  Despite the British naval blockade, the German economic machine functioned until the last months of the war.  But in 1922 he was assassinated by right-wing anti-Semitic army officers because of his work as part of the Weimar government.

1870: It was reported today that a new synagogue has been dedicated by the Jews of Troy, New York. The services were attended by Jewish and non-Jewish members of the community.  The contractor was paid $20,000 for his work.

1871(15th of Tishrei, 5632): Jews in Chicago observe their last Sukkoth before the Great Fire which will start at the end of the holiday season

1874: In Brody, Galicia, Yonah Halevi Ettinger and Chaya Kluger Ettinger gave birth to Avrahm Ettinger.

1877(22nd of Tishrei, 5638): Shemini Atzeret

1877: It was reported today that Solomon Voloskie, Abraham Eyet, Pincus Dobbin and Henrietta Helfenstein have all been arrested for operating unsanitary poultry shops.  The shops all cater to Polish Jews and are located on or near Bayard Street in New York.  All of the shops have “Kosher” signs in their windows. 

1878(2nd of Tishrei, 5639): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1882: Based on reports published today from St. Petersburg, there is a split among the Russians concerning their view of the Jews. General Drentelri has delivered “a recent speech against the Jews” which while General Todleben “has publicly expressed…the hope” that the advice of the Jews of Wilna “would be taken as readily as that of Christians.” (Unfortunately, we know which view triumphed)

1882: The Board of Estimate and Apportionment appropriated funds for various institutions that care for children including the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society which received $2,356.57 out of a total of almost $30,000.

1884(10th of Tishrei, 5645): Yom Kippur

1884: After 18 hours , ninety-nine year old Jewish statesman and philanthropist Sir Moses Montefiore broke his fast “at the urgent plea of his doctors, one of whom said, ‘The Almighty does not want us to kill ourselves.”

1884: The Chief Rabbi at Naples, Italy, shortened the Yom Kippur fast as a “preventive” measure to deal with the outbreak of cholera – a precaution which must have been effective since “not a single Jews has died” so far “of the disease in all of Italy.
 
1884: “Nominations For Sale” published today reported that Theodore Wilkinson of Plaquemines Parish has accused Adolph Mayer, a wealthy Jewish cotton merchant from New Orleans, of having given $12,000 dollars to “certain party bosses” who would see to it that he won the Democratic nomination for the First Congressional District.  Wilkinson, who is running against Mayer, offered no proof.

1884: Lawrence Braham, Hyam Freiwald and Benjamin Levy were among the “the throngs of Hebrews who visited Central Park” this afternoon. The three were taking a shortcut through the park and did not stop when challenged by Samuel Murphy, a Park Policeman.  Since he was not in uniform the three did not stop and were arrested after a scuffle.  Murphy claimed that the three attacked him without provocation and that was why he arrested them. Murphy offered no reason as to why they would have attacked him.

1886(29thof Elul, 5646): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1886: During an altercation that allegedly started when a father came to the aid his son, grocer Max Aronson was clubbed by a police officer, taken to jail along with his wife and son and was refused medical attendance despite the fact that his head was wrapped in a bloody towel.

1887: In Colorado, the Leadville Herald Democrat published a description of yesterday’s Yom Kippur services noting that “the attendance was unprecedentedly large at Temple Israel and the observance as gratifying as it was complimentary to the Jewish citizens of the carbonate metropolis.”

1887: “Death Of A Danish Poet” published today described the recent passing of Professor Meyer Aaron Goldschmidt, the native of Jutland who graduated from the University of Copenhagen before embarking on a literary career that included the founding of the Corsair, a weekly satirical journal and the publication of several novels including The Jew, “his most noted Romance.  His writings, which were translated into English, German and French, made him a continental literary celebrity.

1888: Around two o’clock in the morning Catharine Eddowes, who had been released from police custody earlier in the evening after having been arrested for public drunkenness in London, was found murdered.  According to witnesses she was killed by Joseph Hyam Levy.

1890(15thof Tishrei, 5651): Sukkoth

1890: In his Sukkoth sermon, Rabbi Gottheil pointed out “that of all the colonies established in Palestine none has flourished except those” begun by the Jews which now total 13.  “I point this out to you as a wonderful fact that those people who have been the people of the wandering foot for 1,800 years are the only successful colonists of Judea.” (Gotteheil was a leading Reform Rabbi whose sentiments ran contrary to those of this group that continued to renounce any special connection between the Jewish People and Eretz Israel)

1891: “Celebration of the Emancipation of the Jews in France” published today described events in New York that marked the centennial of this event including a performance by the Hebrew Orphan Asylum Military Band and a special by Viscount Paul D’Abzac, the French Consul General.

1892: According to reports published today, Jewish people in Buffalo, NY are upset with the “efforts of the Republican Party to get votes’ by sending one of their co-religionist from New York City to organize such events as a meeting designed to “form a strictly Hebrew political club” during which attendees can have free beer, cigars and lunch.

1893: Mrs. Annie Baumann, Max Kestenbaum, Ernest Wilhelm Sachs and Samuel Diamond were arraigned in the Jefferson Market Police Court this morning on charges of conspiracy and perjury related to attempts to gain a divorce from Mrs. Bauman from Jacob Bauman who is the Superintendent of the wholesale liquor house of Engle, Heller and Company and “is connected” to “some of the wealthiest” Jewish families in New York.

1893: Having delivered a series of lectures that include his anti-Semitic views, Dr. Christian Adolf Stoecker, the former Chaplain of the Court of Berlin, is scheduled to leave Chicago today for Toronto, Montreal and finally Boston.

1897: Jews living in New York’s Second Assembly district met last night “for the purposed of enrolling members of the Hebrew Citizens’ League.”

1899: “Hebrews of various nationalities” were among the huge throng on the Lower East Side of New York who turned out today to honor Admiral Dewey, the hero of Manila Bay.

1901:  Birthdate of Enrico Fermi. The Italian born physicist who was not Jewish won the Nobel Prize in 1938.  After receiving the prize in Stockholm, Fermi continued on to the United Stateswith his and family.  They sought refuge in Americabecause Fermi's wife was Jewish and the anti-Semitic laws passed by the Italian government frightened Fermi.

1902: Emile Zola passed away.  Zola was a French novelist, journalist and social critic.  He was a leader in the fight to get justice for Captain Alfred Dreyfus.  J’Accuse, his attack on the French military, gave rise to a libel case the forced many of the issues out into the open.  In speaking about Franco-Judaeo Relations, one must never lose sight of those like Zola who defended the rights of their Jewish countrymen.

1902: Impresario David Belasco opened his first Broadway Theater.  Belasco was born in San Francisco in 1854 the son of Jewish clown who had emigrated from London.  Belasco passed away in 1931.

1904: Birthdate of Michael (Mosze) Waks, who gained fame a Michael Waszyński the producer and director whose credit ranged from the 1937 film “The Dybbuk” to the 1961 epic “El Cid)

1906(10thof Tishrei, 5667): Alfred Dreyfus observed Yom Kippur for the first time since his arrest in 1894 in a state of full exoneration and as member of the French Army.
1907: Bar Giora, a Palestinian Jewish self-defense organization was formed to protect the Jewish settlements from raiders. Two years later it was reorganized into HaShomer (the Watchman) by Israel Shochat. HaShomer was eventually transformed into the Haganah. Despite opposition from local Jews and the "Baron's" overseers (i.e. Baron Rothschild), they persevered with the idea of Jews taking responsibility for their own defense.

1909: Birthdate of American college football player and movie producer Mike Frankovich  the husband of the Anglo-Jewish actress Gertrude “Binnie” Barnes whom he required to convert  to Catholicism as part of the conditions for the wedding.

1911: Oscar S. Strauss of New York City who was a member of the Hague Tribunals and a leading member of the American Jewish community appealed to the United States government to extend help in establishing peace between Italy and Turkey.

1911: Henry F. Barnet was elected to the Municipal Council at St. Kilda, which followed Melbourneas one of the first Australian communities to have a Jewish congregation.

1912: In Chicago, the new annex for the Home for Aged Jews was dedicated today.

1912: Birthdate of Gershom G. Schocken, an influential Israeli journalist who was the editor and publisher of the daily newspaper Haaretz for half a century. Born in Zwickau, Germany, he studied economics at the University of Heidelberg and later at the London School of Economics. After the family moved to British-controlled Palestine in 1933, his father, Salman, a businessman and publisher, bought the Tel Aviv newspaper Haaretz. The son soon became its editor and publisher, building Haaretz into a major national voice and leading it until his death. He also headed the Schocken Group, composed of a second daily paper and 13 regional weeklies throughout Israel. The rest of his family soon settled in the United States, where his father founded Schocken Books. The publishing house, owned and operated by the family, brought Franz Kafka and other Jewish authors into American bookstores. It was bought by Random House in 1987.  Mr. Schocken, was noted for a fiercely independent spirit. He championed a free, uncensored press, a liberalized, mixed economy and civil rights for both Jews and Arabs. His newspaper at times opposed virtually every Israeli Government for decades. The independent Hebrew-language daily generally refrained from endorsing political candidates and parties, was usually linked with the liberal, educated middle class and tended toward dovishness on security issues. Mr. Schocken repeatedly, and fruitlessly, urged Israelis to adopt a constitution, opposed religious conformism among Jews and battled what he considered to be violations of human rights in the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip. The journalist flirted briefly with politics as a founder of the Progressive Party, which was dominated by German Jewish intellectuals. He represented the party in Parliament from 1955 until 1959, when he quit politics. In 1983, Mr. Schocken was named International Editor of the Year by the American-based World Press Review, which compiles articles from around the globe each month, for his newspaper’s "excellence in coverage of Israel's invasion of Lebanon in 1982." Amos Elon, an Israeli writer who started his career with Mr. Schocken, said that "He believed fiercely in a press independent of governments." He was a man of great dedication, professionalism and culture who fought for "liberalizing Israel's economy" and opposed "monopoly of power." In the last five years of his life Mr. Schocken came to believe “that Israel must make peace with the Palestinians and those whom the Palestinians consider their representatives and that occupation of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank is a corrupting influence for Israel”

1913: Birthdate of producer/director Stanley E Kramer.  Among his many famous productions was "On the Beach," the 1960's anti-nuclear war flick starring Gregory Peck, Ava Gardner and Anthony Perkins.

1914: “The girls from the Hebrew Technical School” will be able to attend the exhibition of various “green things” from the country including “nuts as they grown on the tree” at the Washington Irving High School.

1914(9th of Tishrei, 5675): As French Jews hear Kol Nidre, they are breathing a sigh of relief over the German withdrawal following the recently completed Battle of the Marne. Little does either side know, that it will be five years before they will chant this in a world at peace.

1915: Birthdate of Dr. Oscar Handlin, the “historian who chronicled U.S. immigration.” According to James Grossman, the executive director of the American Historical Association, “Dr. Handlin changed the way Americans view American history…He reoriented the whole picture of the American story,” he said, “from the view that America was built on the spirit of the Wild West, to the idea that we are a nation of immigrants.”

1915: In Vienna, sixty year old Scotch born novelist Dorothea Gerard whose works include Recah, a novel that described the “wretched life of Jews living in Galicia” and who wrote about ant-Semitism, passed away today.

1916: John D. Rockefeller becomes the first billionaire. Rockefeller was secretly Jewish or the anti-Semites are wrong – the Jews do not have all of the money.

1916: Premier of “The Robber Bride”( Die Räuberbraut)  a 1916 German silent comedy film directed by Robert Wiene

1918(23rd of Tishrei, 5679): Simchat Torah

1918(23rdof Tishrei, 5679): Forty-one year old “Hungarian social scientist, librarian and anarcho-syndicalist revolutionary” Ervin Szabó passed away today.

1918: As Allenby’s forces that included the “Jewish Legion” swept north out Palestine, they closed off to of the escape routes out of Damascus, which was the ultimate prize of the campaign.

1918: During World War I, U.S. Army Sergeant Sydney G. Gumpertz charged a machine gun nest near Bois-de-Forges, France and single-handedly silenced the gun and captured the 9 man German crew firing the weapon.  His bravery would earn him the Congressional Medal of Honor.

1918: In Zwickau, German Mr. and Mrs. Salman Schocken gave birth to Eva (Chawa) Schocken

1919(5thof Tishrei, 5680): Seventy-four year old Rabbi Jakob Guttman the son of Julius Guttman passed away today in Breslau.

1921: After having graduated earlier in the year from Goucher College in Baltimore, MD. Adele Blumenthal married Jesse Heiman of Little Rock, AR where she moved and as Adele Heiman had three children while finding time to be a leader in the city and state’ Jewish community.

1924(1st of Tishrei, 5685): In Omaha, Nebraska, members of AZA celebrated Rosh Hashanah as members of the recently formed Jewish Fraternity.
 
1925: Birthdate of Vivian Forrester, the Parisian author who performed in several genres.

1929(1st of Tishrei, 5685): Hoshana Rabah

1929: In Berlin a special ceremony was held today to celebrate the 25thanniversary of the inauguration of the Rykestrasse Synagogue which had been formed in 1902 and which had used its brand new sanctuary for the first time on Sunday, September 4, 1904

1930: “British Praise Guggenheim” published today describe the reaction in the UK to the death of Daniel Guggenheim where “the history of the Guggenheim family and its millions is retold as a romance and inspiration and Daniel Guggenheim’s generous gifts in the interests of aviation are held to have been of inestimable value in the development of safer flying.”

1930: It was reported today the morning newspapers in Chile provided a review of “the outstanding incidents in” Daniel Guggenheim’s “interesting career” while “expressing sorrow at his sudden end.

1930: Time magazine published the following article entitled “Strap Helmets Tigher!”

With her plump, black-eyed brood, Jewess after rich Jewess scuttled out of Germany last week, filling trains de luxe with wails and confusion. Mother-instinct knew the meaning of Jew-Baiter Adolf Hitler's election victory fortnight ago, when his Fascist "Brown Shirts" leaped fearsomely from ninth to second place among German parties (TIME, Sept. 22). To Jew after rich Jew, staying behind to protect their German properties as best they might, occurred a paradoxical but sound idea. Why not contribute to the "Brown Shirt" party fund? Then, in case fiery Herr Hitler should try another coup d'état (like that which he and General von Ludendorü failed to carry through in 1923) surely Jewish contributors would not find Fascist "thunder squads" crashing in their doors. Last week swaggering Hitlerites boasted scornfully of having been offered such "Jew-cash," would not admit to taking it. "No Putsch!" In his Munich bailiwick Herr Hitler roused a jubilant Bavarian crowd to lusty cheers by announcing a "new slogan" for Brown Shirts:

 "AFTER VICTORY, STRAP YOUR HELMET TIGHTER!

"We propose to strike 'Victory' from our banners and replace it with 'Battle!'“ he continued. "We know not only how to move the masses and rule them, but we can also engage in foil fencing on this ground!" As the mob became frantically moved, however, caution returned to Bavaria's Mussolini. Perhaps he recalled spending a year in jail after his attempted 1923 Putsch. Changing tune, he concluded: "Ours is a revolutionary party but what we propose to capture is the German soul! We do not need to make a Putsch to gain control of the government. That is not necessary! Control will come to us in a legal manner. That, my friends, is what our enemies fear!" With these last words Herr Hitler left Munich next day, so he said, for a "needed rest" in the Bavarian Alps. If the German government feared a Putsch, its leaders hid their emotions well. Both President von Hindenburg and his protégé, Prime Minister Brüning (whose Catholic Centre party gained seven seats in the election) ended the week by going off for a rustic, post-election rest. Most significant of all, Berlin's fiery Communist Ammorgen, an enterprising sheet which has sleuthed out several Hitler moves well in advance, purported last week to "expose his black-hearted scheme to seize the German state!" Actually the expose was tame, consisted of stolen Fascist papers which, if genuine, prove: 1) that the 107 new Fascist deputies will enter the Reichstag and "insidiously refrain" from blatant, obstructionist tactics, biding their time; 2) that Hitler agents will begin a secret campaign to proselytize the army and state police for Fascism; 3) finally, after much boring from within the German government by legal means, a sure thing Fascist Putsch will be attempted. Scoffing at the idea of a precipitant Putsch, the well-informed Berliner-Tageblatt said: "The resources of the civil power completely suffice to frustrate such intentions if they should be undertaken." . Because one of Fascist Hitler's most popular platform points is complete repudiation of all reparations payments, German reparation's bonds sold off last week on all exchanges, declining in London to a figure representing an 11% discount. In Wall Street a recession of some five points in common stocks was charged off by fiscal writers to a whisper among the knowing that "there's revolution in Germany right now, but the censor's sitting on the lid." All the big Berlin banks parried long distance calls from U. S., British and French clients, repeated ad nauseam the belief of their officers that a coalition of Centre" Parties will continue for some time to rule Germany, shutting out the extremists on left and right. Said famed Dr. Otto Braun, boss-politician of Prussia and Prime Minister of that state: "Despite the election results, I do not for a moment perceive a menace to the Republican constitution, the public safety or the foreign policy. It is absolutely out of the question that the radical parties that emerged victors at the polls should be given a chance to try out their recipes for government." Assuming that Germany finally goes Fascist, legally or illegally, next week or ten years hence, what do German Jews face from Adolf Hitler, who was born an Austrian, served during the War as an officer in the German army, is not even today a German citizen? The chief Fascist newsorgan, Volkische Beobachter of Munich is explicit: 1) all Jews who have entered Germany since Aug. 2, 1914 would be expelled; 2) the term "Jew" would mean anyone whose ancestors practiced the Mosaic faith after March 11, 1852; 3) Jews would be banned from service in the German army or navy, would pay a special tax by reason of this "exemption"; 4) Jews would not be admitted to schools of higher learning, either as teachers or instructors; 5) sales of land to Jews would be void; 6) Jewish-owned newsorgans would be compelled to state that fact in their front-page headline, printing under it the symbolic Mogen Dovid (Star of David).

 
1933(9th of Tishrei, 5694): Erev Yom Kippur

1933: Hitler approves the decree forbidding German Jews from the occupation of farming.

1934: Birthdate of Stuart Melvin Kaminsky, “a film scholar-turned-detective novelist who was widely known for his prodigious output, complex characters, and rich evocations of time and place, including Hollywood in its Golden Age.”

1934; “Merrily We Roll Along” written by Moss hart and George S. Kaufman who also served as director opened its Broadway run at the Music Box Theatre where it lasted for 155 performance

1935(2nd of Tishrei, 5696): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1936: In Rochester, NY, David Goldman received word this evening that his father Hyman Goldman, who made a fortune in real estate in Rochester and then made Aliyah in 1926, has passed away at his home in Tel Aviv at the age of 71.  Born in Russia, Goldman and his wife came to the United States in 1886.  After successfully operating a grocery store, Mr. Goldman went into the real estate business in 1902. 

1937: Hitler showed off his Army, Navy and Air Force to Mussolini. Mussolini returned to Italysure that his alliance with Hitler was the right thing despite the anti-Jewish policies that were part of the Nazi regime.

1937: Premier of “The Dybbuk” the film version S. Ansky’s play of the same name directed by Michal Waszynski.

1937: The Palestine Post reported extensively on the murder by Arab terrorists of Lewis Yelland Andrews, the much-decorated and highly respected British official, serving as the district commissioner for Galilee. Andrews, who for years took care of the agricultural development of Palestine, was shot dead together with his police escort, Constable Peter Robertson, by four masked Arabs, while they both approached the Anglican Church in Nazareth.

1938: The Sudentland was about to fall. Bowing to German pressure, France and Britain agreed to the annexation of this part of Czechoslovakia to Hitler as part of the infamous Munich Agreement. Slovakiafeigned independence but became a satellite of Germany.  This was one more the events that led up to World War II and one more act of cowardice on the part of the western democracies that emboldened Hitler to follow his bloody path.

1939: “The Straw Hat Revue,” a short lived Broadway show created by Danny Kaye and his wife Sylvia fine opened today.

1941 (8th of Tishrei, 5702):  The two day massacre of the Jews began at Babi Yar.  Over 30,000 Jews gathered in Kiev, still believing that they were being resettled. They were brought to the ravine at Babi Yar, where they are ruthlessly shot down by machine gun. By the hundreds, men, women and children fall into the ravine, as they were riddled with bullets. In a strange twist of fate one woman, gave birth in the middle of the slaughter

1941: The Jewish owned newspaper in Tunisceased operation at the order of the government

1942 (18th of Tishrei, 5703): The Nazis killed 685 French Jews killed at Berkinau.  They were the first of 4,000 who would die that week.

1942 (18th of Tishrei, 5703): 500 of nearly 800 Jews who attempt to escape Serniki, Poland, are killed by the Germans. Of 279 who reach nearby forests, 102 will perish before the end of the war.

1942: Birthdate of Madeline Kahn. Born Madeline Gail Wolfson in Boston Mass the actress gained fame in such films as Young Frankenstein and High Anxiety.  She passed away in 1999.

1943 (29th of Elul, 5703): More than 320 Jews and Soviet POWs on work detail at the Babi Yar, Ukraine, mass-murder site attempt a mass escape. Nearly all are shot down almost immediately, but about 14 find hiding places.

1943 (29th of Elul, 5703): On the day before Rosh Hashanah, Rabbi Marcus Mechior of Copenhagen announced that services for the New Year would not be held. Thus began one of the heroic stories of the Holocaust. During the next few weeks almost all of the 7000 Danish Jews were to be hidden and smuggled to Sweden. After the war the Danish Government restored all Jewish property to their original owners. George Duckwitz, a German who had been living in Copenhagen since 1928 and who had become a member of the German government in occupied Denmark, warned Danish leaders about plans for the round up of the Jew.  In turn, they warned the leaders of the Jewish community.  Whatever else one may say about Duckwitz he risked his life to save the lives of the Danish Jewish community.

1944(12thof Tishrei, 5705): Another 1,000 Jews sent from Birkenau to Theresienstadt were gassed.

1944: Fifteen hundred prisoners are deported from the Theresienstadt ghetto in Czechoslovakia to Auschwitz. Upon arrival 750 are gassed.

1944: Jews gather in liberated Kiev, Ukraine, to commemorate the third anniversary of the Nazi massacre of Jews at Babi Yar, Ukraine.

1944: Jewish commercial and residential sections of Jerusalem are under day and night curfew following the fatal shooting of Assistant Police Superintendent T. J. Wilkin who was killed as he was walking to his office at police headquarters” in Jerusalem.  The curfew included the closure of all synagogues; a fact that could cause undue hardship since Sukkoth is will begin on the evening of October 1st.

1945(22nd of Tishrei, 5706): Shemini Atzeret

1947(15thof Tishrei, 5708): Sukkoth

1947: Two ships – the Northalnds carrying 2,045 Jewish refugees and the Paducah carrying 1,551 Jewish refugees - “sailed through the Dardanelles from the Black Sea port of Bourgas tonight” on their way to Palestine.  Jewish leaders hope the two ships will be able to avoid the ever tightening British blockade and that the 3,596 refugees can be landed safely in Eretz Israel.

1948:The suggestion made by Dr. Ralph J. Bunche, United Nations Acting Mediator for Palestine, in a report to the Security Council, that Israeli authorities in Jerusalem had been lax in taking security precautions for the protection of Count Folke Bernadotte was vigorously repudiated today by the Military Governor of the Israeli-held areas of Jerusalem, Dr. Bernard Joseph.

1950: While the team of Israeli athletes had the highest total of points in the competition to claim the Weizmann Cup, athletes from other countries scored individual victories at the Maccabiah.  Stanley Lampert (shot-put) and Ira Kaplan (100-meter dash) scored victories that set new all time Maccabiah records in their respective sports.

1950:The Israeli Cabinet announced tonight economic and financial reforms relaxing Government controls on business and making other concessions to free enterprise. The reforms do not alter fundamentally the Government’s Socialist policyb ut indicate a trend toward liberalization of the state’s planned economy.

1950: The Israeli Cabinet announced plans to raise funds from foreign sources that will aid in the absorption of immigrants over the next three years.  The government plans to aggressively seek out loans and foreign investments for this purpose and asking the Knesset to pass legislation that will make this financial activity a reality.

1952(10thof Tishrei, 5713): Yom Kippur is observed for the last time during the Presidency of Harry S. Truman, a key player in the creation of the modern state of Israel.

1958(14th of Tishrei, 5719): Erev of Sukkot

1958(14th of Tishrei, 5719): Seventy-eight year old Louis Clinton Mosher, who earned the Congressional Medal of Honor while serving as a Lieutenant in the U.S. Army during the Philippine Insurrection.

1960:Mayor Wagner's office said today that all Jewish policemen who wanted to observe Yom Kippur apparently would have "a very, very good chance" of getting off duty under a new work schedule and through exchanges with non-Jewish officers.

1961: The New York Timespublishes music critic Robert Sheldon's review of a performance from little known singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, which will lead to Dylan's discovery by Columbia Records representative John Hammond.
1962(1st of Tishrei, 5723): For the first time, Mitchell Levin observes Rosh Hashanah at the Conservative Congregation of New Orleans instead of Adas Israel in Washington, D
1966(15th of Tishrei, 5727): Sukkoth

1967: “Education: Builder in a Hurry” published today described the reaction to Abram Sachar’s decision to retire as president of Brandeis University which he has for 20 years.

1970(28th of Elul, 5730): Seventy-seven year old critic and author Gilbert Seldes passed away today.

1971(10th of Tishrei, 5732): As the United States struggles with the first ever peacetime wage freeze, Jews observe Yom Kippur.

1972(21st of Tishrei, 5733): Hoshanah Rabah

1972: Senator Henry “Scoop” Jackson (Dem. Washington) presented an amendment to the United States that would link access to “trade benefits” for Communist countries to emigration practices that would allow Jews to the Soviet Union.

1973(3rd of Tishrei, 5734): Shabbat Shuvah

1973:Amy Aronoff, daughter of Gene and Sheila Aronoff, is called to the Torah as a Bat Mitzvah at Congregation Beth-El in St. Johnsbury, Vermont.  She was the congregations first Bat Mitzvah.

1976: Syria Drove Palestinian guerrillas out of Lebanon

1977: The new civilian settlement of Tekoa was established just east of Bethlehem. It was named a after a biblical town believed to have been located nearby.  Yes, this is the Tekoa that was home to the prophet Amos.

1981(1st of Tishrei, 5742): For the first time American Jews observe Rosh Hashanah in the era of “trickle down” economics.

1982: The Begin government gives into popular pressure and creates a board of inquiry headed by Supreme Court Justice Yitzhak Kahan to investigate what happened at Sabra and Chatila.

1983: Director and Choreographer Michael Bennett and 330 “A Chorus Line” veterans came together to produce a show to celebrate the Marvin Hamlisch musical becoming the longest-running show in Broadway history.”

1985(14th of Tishrei, 5746): Erev Sukkoth

1985:Two bombs exploded in the Israeli port city of Haifa today, one of them wounding five people, a police spokesman said. One bomb exploded in an open-air vegetable market that was crowded with shoppers on the eve of Succoth, a harvest festival that begins this evening. Five people were wounded, none of them seriously, the police said. The police said the bomb had been planted under a vegetable stand. While the police were conducting investigations in the market, another bomb went off a few hundred yards away, the police spokesman said. The second bomb was hidden under a bush in a public park. It caused no casualties or damage. The police spokesman said about 130 people, most of them Arabs, were detained for interrogation

1988: An international arbitration panel ruled that Israel must turn Taba “a resort built by Israel’ in the Sinai Peninsula near Eilat” over to the Egyptians. 

1989(29th of Elul, 5749): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1989(29th of Elul, 5749): Bratslav Chassidim gather at the tomb of Rabbi Nachman of Bratslav for the first time since the Russian Revolution.

1990(10th of Tishrei, 5751): Yom Kipper

1994: Alfred H. Moses was appointed by President Clinton to serve as U.S. Ambassador to Romania.

1995: Peggy Charren received a Presidential Medal of Freedom in honor of her three decades of campaigning to improve the level of television programming targeted at America’s children.
1997(27th of Elul, 5757): Roy Lichtenstein passes away. In the spacious halls of the TelAvivArt Museum back in the entrance hall is Roy Lichtenstein's "Tel Aviv Museum Mural," which the artist created for the museum in 1989. With its vivid colors and bold style, the two-part mural is spread across the upper wall of the entrance hall.
http://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/30/arts/roy-lichtenstein-pop-master-dies-at-73.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm

1999(19th of Tishrei, 5760): Sukkoth Chol Hamoed

1999(19th of Tishrei, 5760): Fifty-seven year old Yevhen Lapinsky who played for the Soviet volleyball teams in the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics passed away today.

2000(29th of Elul, 5760): Erev Rosh Hashanah
 
2002(23rd of Tishrei, 5763): Simchat Torah

2002:The Theatre Garden presents an educational play entitled “Lady of Copper.”  The Lady is the Statue of Liberty and features appearances by Emma Lazarus, author of the famous poem inscribed on the statue's base (''Give me your tired, your poor''), and the newspaper magnate Joseph Pulitzer, who helped raise the money for Liberty's pedestal.

2002:The New York Times included reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including Militant Islam Reaches America by Daniel Pipes and a biography of a British born Jewish scientist entitled Rosalind Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNAby Brenda Maddox.

2003(3rd of Tishrei, 5764):Tzom Gedaliah

2003: An article entitled “The $11 Billion Man Hedge fund guru Bruce Kovner earns giant returns, but doesn't talk--most of the time” which described the business practices of Bruce Kovner, “one of the biggest cats on Wall Street” appeared in Fortune Magazine

 
2004: Jonathan Sarna’s American Judaism captured the National Jewish Book Award's Book of the Year. Other winners include Frédéric Brenner's photographic account, Diaspora: Homelands in Exile,Daniel Matt’s Zohar translation, and Steve Oney’'s chronicle of the Leo Frank lynching.

2005:O'Brien traces history of Yiddish theater” described a lecture by Caraid O’Brien at the University of Rochester

 
2005:  A month after Hurricane Katrina slammed into the GulfCoast, Jewish communities in Louisiana and Mississippi struggle to re-build.  At the same time, Jewish organizations raised large amounts of money for hurricane relief distributed to Jews and non-Jews alike.  New OrleansTempleSinaifared better than many institutions and is up and running.  However, the major ReformTemplewill not be holding High Holiday Services because so many of its members have lost their homes.  The nearby Chabad House at TulaneUniversity also appeared to have escaped relatively unscathed.  The Chabad in suburban Metairie did not fare as well but will be holding High Holiday services.  Other Templesand Synagogues in the area suffered water and wind damage.  Some lost their roofs and many are now suffering the effects of mold and other forms of rot.  “The Unionfor Reform Judaism, whose Disaster Relief Fund has raised close to $2.5 million dollars, has now made $765,000 in grants to disaster relief agencies, Jewish agencies and Reform synagogues. The OU and YeshivaUniversityhave raised between $420,000 and $430,000 for hurricane relief. Chabad has raised one million dollars.The United Jewish Communities, along with the Jewish federations of North America, has raised more than $16 million for disaster relief efforts. Henry S. Jacobs, in Utica, Mississippi, has opened its doors to refugees and rescue workers. Finally, the Israelis have also sent teams of rescue workers to help with rescues and relief efforts.

2005:  In Philadelphia, PA., the National Museum of American Jewish History received Rabbi Peter Schweitzer’s Judaica Collection.  The collection includes 10,000 items collected over the last 25 years.

2005: “After spending 85 days in jail, Judith Miller was released following a telephone call with Scooter Libby

2006: The IAF struck a building that served as cover for a weapons warehouse, shortly before a full closure of the border with Gaza was to go into effect and continue until after Yom Kippur. 

2007: Birthday celebration of Denise Novick, premier kosher caterer for the Cedar Rapids/Iowa City Corridor.

2007(17th of Tishrei, 5768): Shabbat Chol Hamoed Sukkoth

2007: In an interview about what it is like to be a new rabbi filling the shoes of long-serving predecessor, Rabbi Aaron Sherman reported that his first goal “was to learn what was going on in the community.  I didn’t want to change things too quickly.”  He also said that the transition was eased by the fact that the congregation had been looking for a year prior to hiring him.

2008: Time magazine included reviews of Hurry Down Sunshine by Michael Greenberg and Indignation by Phillip Roth.

2008: Yefim Bronfaman performed Piano Concerto No. 3 in D minor by Sergei Rachmaninoff with the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra .

2008(29th of Elul, 5768):Ninety-six year old Elinor Guggenheimer, who was already a grandmother when she began advocating for children, women and the elderly, and went on to be a national spokeswoman for their concerns as well as hold prominent positions in New York City government passed away today. (As reported by Douglas Martin)

2008(29th Elul, 5768): The Shofar is not sounded is not sounded on the last day of Elul

2009: In New Orleans, the monthly meeting of the executive board of the National Council of Jewish Women.

2009:“The most extensive exhibition ever” of the works of Gustav Metzger to be shown in the UK opened at the Serpentine Gallery in London.

2009: “Closer to the Sun,” a group exhibit at Beit Shmuel exhibiting works of six Israeli artists from Kazakhstan comes to an end.

2009: Peter Manseau discusses his most recent book, "Rag and Bone: A Journey Among the World's Holy Dead," at the D.C. Jewish Community Center.

2009:Today, the day after Yom Kippur 5770 Israel marked the 36th anniversary of the Yom Kippur War, one of the most costly and traumatic conflicts in the country's history. At a state ceremony at Israel's national cemetery on Mount Herzl, Deputy Defense Minister Matan Vilnai (Labor) spoke of the bravery of the Israel Defense Forces soldiers who repelled the assault. "Whoever fought in the tough battles in the [Suez] Canal and the Golan Heights is well aware that it was not the wisdom of leaders but the heroism of warriors in the battlefields that saved the State of Israel," he said. A coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria launched the war in a surprise attack on the Jewish holiday in 1973. More than 2,600 Israelis were killed in the hostilities, which had far-reaching effects on Israel and the entire Middle East. Knesset Speaker Reuven Rivlin also attended the ceremony, during which a cantor recited the Hebrew prayer of mourning El Malei Rachamim. Vilnai added: "The Yom Kippur War is going further and further away... [but] the impression the war left on the state and on the army's preparedness is very deep."

2010: The Museum of Modern Art is scheduled to open a show styled New Photography 2010 that will feature the work of four artists including Tel Aviv native Elad Lassry

2010(21st of Tishrei, 5771): Hoshana Rabah

2010(21st of Tishrei, 5771): Eighty-six year old Nobel Prize winning physicist Georges Charpak passed away today. (As reported by Douglas Martin)

 
2010: The 17th Annual Storytelling Festival which was being held at the Givatayim Theatre came to an end today.

2010(21st of Tishrei, 5771):Tony Curtis, a classically handsome movie star who earned an Oscar nomination as an escaped convict in Stanley Kramer’s 1958 movie “The Defiant Ones,” but whose public preferred him in comic roles in films like “Some Like It Hot” (1959) and “The Great Race” (1965), passed away today at the age of 85. He had certainly had come a long way from his native Bronx where he was born Bernie Schwartz, the son of Hungarian-Jewish immigrants.

2010(21st of Tishrei, 5771): Ninety year old Sherman J. Maisel  a former Federal Reserve governor and economist who played a key role in formulating policy on  lending practices for purchasing homes, passed away today. (As reported by Sewell Chan)

2010: “In A Computer Worm, A Possible Biblical Code” published today contends that “Deep inside the computer worm that some specialists suspect is aimed at slowing Iran’s race for a nuclear weapon lies what could be a fleeting reference to the Book of Esther, the Old Testament tale in which the Jews pre-empt a Persian plot to destroy them. That use of the word “Myrtus” — which can be read as an allusion to Esther — to name a file inside the code is one of several murky clues that have emerged as computer experts try to trace the origin and purpose of the rogue Stuxnet program, which seeks out a specific kind of command module for industrial equipment.”

2011: “Give Aloha,” a major fund raising activity for the Jewish Congregation of Maui is scheduled to come to an end.

2011: On the secular calendar, today marks the 70thanniversary of the start of the two day slaughter at Babi Yar which began on September 29, 1941.

2011(1st of Tishrei, 5772): First Day of Rosh Hashanah

שנה טובה, כתיבה וחתימה טובה.

2012: Illinois Holocaust Museum & Education Center is scheduled to offer free admission as part of Museum Day, a national event designed to emulate the policy of the Smithsonian Institute that offers free admission every day.

2012: A Palestinian who was shot by IDF troops when he approached the border fence after having been warned to move away, reportedly died today.  After the murderous attack on IDF troops at the border with Egypt, soldiers would be assumed to be on heightened alert.

2012: Eighty-six year old Arthr Ochs “Punch” Sulzberger, the man whose tenure as publisher transformed the New York Times, passed away today. (As reported by Clyde Haberman)

2013: The New York Times features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including  A Guide For The Perplexedby Dora Horn, Reign of Error: The Hoax of the Privatization Movement and the Danger to America’s Public Schools by Diane Ravitch, Half The Kingdom by Lore Segal and The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger and a Forgotten Genocideby Gary J. Bass (A book that combines the name of Jewish Secretary of State who fled Germany ahead of the Holocuast with the term “genocide” certainly should get one’s attention)

2013:Broadcast From The Blitz: How Edward R. Murrow Led America In War” is scheduled to open at Illinois Holocaust Museum & Education Center.

2013:The Illinois Holocaust Museum, in cooperation with Chicago Connect, is scheduled  to offer a program of readings and music for Chicago’s Russian Jewish community in observance of the 70th anniversary of the liquidation of Ghetto Minsk.

2013: The UK Jewish Film is scheduled to launch a new partnership with JWE

2013: In a moment that must fill the hearts of Jewish Tulane alumnae with pride the Tulane University Jewish Studies Department  is scheduled to dedicate the Jewish Studies House at 7031 Freret Street. The Conference Room will be dedicated in honor of Professor Joseph Cohen, founding director of Jewish Studies at Tulane in which Dr. Brian Horowitz also played such a key role.

2013: The exhibition at MOBIA, “As Subject and Object: Contemporary Book Artists Explore Sacred Hebrew Texts,” is scheduled to come to an end today.



 
2013: The 17th annual Jewish Film Festival comes to an end in Dallas, TX

2013: “Former Prime Minister Ehud Olmert took the stand for the first time as a witness for the defense in the so-called Holyland case today, telling the court that he saw the residential complex as important to the capital’s development and never took a bribe to push it through.” (As reported by Gavriel Fiske)

2014: The Center for Jewish History is scheduled to host The Lost Shul Mural: Reclaiming, Restoring and Preserving a Treasure from the Past, a discussion by a panel of experts about “the rediscovered lost mural of the former Chai Adam Synagogue in Burlington, VT which reveals a painted window onto a fascinating vanished past linking art, history and religion.”

2014: At Rutgers University a symposium “Sara Levy's World: Music, Gender, and Judaism in Enlightenment Berlin” is scheduled to begin today.

2014: The New York Film Festival is scheduled to show “The Last Metro” in which Catherine Deneuve gives one of her greatest performances as the wife of a Jewish theater director in Nazi-occupied Paris in François Truffaut’s classic wartime melodrama.”

2014: In Portland, OR, the Oregon Historical Society and the Oregon Jewish Museum and Center for Holocaust Education are scheduled to host a brown bag lecture “Preaching Politics in the Progressive Era: Rabbi Stephen S. Wise in Portland, Oregon, 1900-1906.”

 

This Day, September 30, In Jewish History by Mitchell A. Levin

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September 30

 
132 C.E. (10 Tishrei): On the secular calendar, Akivah ben Joseph known as Rabbi Akiva passed away.  He was born in 50 C.E., twenty years before the destruction of the Second Temple.   According to tradition, he was an unlearned shepherd until the age of 40 who succeeded in becoming one of the greatest of all the Mishnaic authors (Tanaim). There are countless romantic stories regarding his life. He is one of the Rabbis mentioned in the Haggadah who gathered at B'Nai Brak.   He decided to back Bar Kochbah in his revolt against Roman religious oppression and was then executed by the Romans. He is one of the Ten Martyrs memorialized on the High Holidays. It is said that while being tortured he began saying the Shema with his life ending as he reached the word "Achad"(one).  Considering that he did not start studying until the age of forty, Akiva is "the hero" of Jewish Adult Education.  As one educator said, none of us might be an Akiva, but thanks to Akiva, none of us can say that we are ever too old to start studying.

420: Saint Jerome, the creator of the Vulgate passed away in Bethlehem. A linguist and a scholar Jerome did not trust the text of the Septuagint.  Using his knowledge of Hebrew, he began a translation of the Hebrew Bible into Lation which was completed in 405.

788: Abd Al-Rahman, the man who laid the foundation for an impressive Muslim dynasty in Cordoba (Spain) during what the Jews called the “Golden Age” passed away. The grand mosque he started building still stands today over 1,300 years later, right outside the old Jewish quarter of Cordoba. Apparently, this is a rather common name among Muslim leaders and he is not to confused with some of his less distinguished brethren whose nomenclature looks similar to unlettered Western eyes.

1199: Rambam (Maimonides) authorizes Samuel Ibn Tibbon to translate Guide of Perplexed from Arabic into Hebrew
                                           
1337: In Bavaria, a German knight named Hartmann von Deggenburg led his horseman through the gates of Deckendorf, where they joined the local citizenry, in slaughtering the local Jewish population and seizing their property.  The Jews had been accused of desecrating the host or communion wafer and the slaughter was the punishment for the foul deed.  In reality the councilors of the city of Deckendorff desired to free themselves and all the citizens from the debts owed to the Jews. Once again, the avarice of Christians is hidden in religious doctrine to despoil the Jews. The anti-Semitic violence spread to fifty-one communities, including Bohemia and Austria. To this day people reportedly come on pilgrimages to the church where paintings show Jews in Medieval dress desecrating the host "wafers".

1399: Henry IV of England begins his reign even though his coronation will not take place until October.  Although the Jews had been expelled from England and were forbidden by law to return, as is often the case with monarchs, Henry saw himself above the law. In 1410, Henry brought Elias Ben Sabbetai from Bologna in 1410 to serve as his physician.

1452: The first printed book, the Johann Gutenberg Bible, appeared.  For "The People of the Book" the advent of modern printing would have an incalculable benefit on its growth and survival.

1699: Seventy-five year old Johann Leusden the Professor of Hebrew in Utrecht who authored several works on the Hebrew philology and who “in 1660, together with the Amsterdam rabbi and book printer Joseph Athias, published his Biblia Hebraica, the first edition of the Hebrew Bible with numbered verses passed away today.

1777: When the Continental Congress, fearing capture by Howe's British army, left Philadelphia and held sessions in York, John Adams writes to his wife,: "I am comfortably situated here at the house of General Roberdeau, whose hospitality has taken in Mr. Samuel Adams and Mr. Elbridge Gerry.”  General Roberdeau, who was a Jew, had, at his own expense, opened the lead mines in Sinking Valley to supply the Continental Army with bullets during the Revolutionary War.

1782(22nd of Tishrei, 5543): Shemini Atzeret

1782(22nd of Tishrei, 5543): Rabbi David Tebele Scheuer passed away in Mainz, Germany. Born in Frankfurt am Main in 1712, he was one of the outstanding students of the Shev Yaakov, Rabbi Jacob Cohen in Frankfurt. He served as Dayan of Frankfurt during the entire time that the Pnei Yehoshua, Rabbi Yehoshua Falk was Rabbi of Frankfurt (1741-1756). In 1759 he succeeded his father-in-law Rabbi Nathan Otiz as Rabbi of Bamberg. There during the Third Silesian War; its part of the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), where Austria under the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria tried for the second time in vain to get back Silesia from Prussia; the Prussians under King Frederick the Great ravaged and plundered the region. In 1763 during the turmoil, Rabbi Tebele lost many of his writings including his writings on the tractate Niddah, which he greatly bemoaned. In 1767 he was appointed as Rabbi of Mainz where he led a Yeshiva.

1784(15thof Tishrei, 5545): Sukkoth

1789(10th of Tishrei, 5550): As they observe Yom Kippur, American Jews feel a renewed sense of security as the newly formed U.S. government takes shape while French Jews felt a wide range of emotions as the French Revolution enters into its fourth month.

1791(2ndof Tishrei, 5552): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1799(1stof Tishrei, 5560): Last Rosh Hashanah of the 18th century

1801: Birthdate of Zacharias Frankel, “the founder, in Germany, of Historical Judaism, the forerunner of Conservative Judaism in America. A member of the first generation of modern rabbis, Frankel fashioned a multifaceted career as pulpit rabbi, spokesman for political emancipation, critic of radical religious reform, editor, head of the first modern rabbinical seminary, and historian of Jewish law. Frankel was born in Prague, then still the largest Jewish community in Europe, into a financially comfortable family with a distinguished lineage of rabbinic and communal leaders. His education combined traditional immersion in Jewish texts with systematic exposure to secular studies in a manner that was still far from typical. In 1830 he received his doctorate from the University of Pest and in 1831 acquired the post of district rabbi of Litoměřice, becoming the first Bohemian rabbi to hold a doctorate. His advocacy of changes in the synagogue service, the education of the young, and the training and role of the rabbi brought him, in 1836, an invitation from the government of Saxony to occupy the pulpit in Dresden as chief rabbi of the realm. Despite several subsequent offers from the much larger and rapidly growing Jewish community of Berlin, Frankel stayed in Dresden until 1854, when he was called to become the first director of the new rabbinical and teachers' seminary in Breslau. By 1879, four years after his death, the seminary had instructed some 272 students and had placed nearly 120 teachers, preachers, and rabbis in the most important Jewish communities in Europe. A self-styled moderate reformer in matters of religion, Frankel formulated his program of "positive, historical Judaism" in the 1840s to stem the rising tide of radical religious reform. Against the Reform movement's unbounded rationalism, Frankel defended Judaism's legal character, the sanctity of historical experience, and the authority of current practice. The term positivepointed to prescribed ritual behavior (halakhah) as the dominant means for the expression of religious sentiment in Judaism, while the term historicaldesignated its nonlegal realm, sanctified by time and suffering. What gives Frankel's definition its dynamic quality is the role of the people. Genuine reform evolves organically from below and not by fiat from above. It is for this reason that Frankel repudiated the innovations of the three rabbinical conferences of the 1840s; whether dictated by political considerations or the canons of reason, their measures did violence to prevailing sentiment and practice.On a popular level Frankel tried, as author and editor, to deepen Jews' loyalty to the past by offering them a brand of heroic history that stressed cultural achievement. As a scholar Frankel was the preeminent modern rabbinist of his generation, and he devoted a prolific career to introducing the concept of the development of Jewish law over time. Using the method as well as the ideology of Friedrich C. Savigny's geschichtliche Rechtswissenschaft, Frankel tried to recover and analyze the stages of legal evolution, from Alexandrian exegeses of scripture to medieval rabbinic responsa.In the process he left enduring contributions to the modern study of the Mishnah and the Palestinian Talmud. Frankel's undogmatic research on the Mishnah challenged the traditional image of the ancient rabbis as transmitters rather than creators of the oral law and provoked a bitter assault in 1861 from the Neo-Orthodox camp of Samson Raphael Hirsch. Growing religious polarization served to clarify denominational lines and forced Frankel to occupy the middle ground.Two institutions created by Frankel embodied, amplified, and disseminated his vision of Historical Judaism. Die Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums, which he edited for eighteen taxing years (1851–1868), provided its readers with a balance of high-level popularization and critical scholarship, setting the standard for all later nineteenth-century journals of Jewish studies. Similarly, the Breslau seminary, which he led for twenty-one years, transformed rabbinic education by integrating modern scholarship with traditional piety and requiring its graduates to be both spiritual leaders and practitioners of Wissenschaft.”

1824: Birthdate of Samuel S. Cox the Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire who while serving as a member of Congress in 1882 delivered a speech criticizing the treatment of the Jews by the Russian government which ended with “How long, O Lord, how long shall rapacity and bigotry despoil this people?  Let the dawn come to the children of the wandering foot and weary heart, waiting, waiting for that morning which will give them its auroral glory and its cheerful beatitudes.”

1831(23rdof Tishrei, 5592): Simchat Torah

1837(1stof Tishrei, 5598): Jews observe Rosh Hashanah for the first time during the Presidency of Martin Van Buren

1841(15thof Tishrei, 5602): Sukkoth

1846(10thof Tishrei, 5607): Yom Kippur

1846: For the second year in a row, Day of Atonement services were held in Chicago with about the same number in attendance who had been there in 1845.

1853: In Paris Protestant religious leader Edmond de Pressensé and his wife gave birth to Francis de Pressensé the French political leader and journalist who supported Dreyfus at great personal cost including being “struck off the roll of the Legion of Honour.”

1856(1st of Tishrei, 5617): Rosh Hashanah

1856: Birthdate of Joseph Reinach, the French author and politician who championed the cause of Alfred Dreyfus.  He called for a public hearing when Dreyfus was first charged and publicly denounced the documents used to convict him as a forgery.

1856:  "The New York City" column published today reported that last evening at sunset began the new Jewish year.  The New Year, this opening, set down on the calendar as 5617.  In conformity with the usual custom, religious observances were held last evening in all the synagogues in the city.  Today and tomorrow public religious exercises will continued, during which time all labor and business will be suspended.  There are at present over twenty Jewish synagogues in the city and almost 30,000 Jews.  Thirty-six years ago, there was but one synagogue in New York and only a few families of Jews.”

1859: An article published today entitled “The Jewish New Year: Its Observance in this City” report that “Yesterday being the Jewish New-Year's Day--a festival of immemorial observance among all the Hebrew race--the occasion was appropriately observed in the several synagogues of this City, and doubtless in all other parts of the country. It is called the Rosh Hashanah, or New-Year, the months being counted from the season of the Passover, according to Exodus xii., 2”  It described the services that were held in the different synagogues and ancient origin of the rituals that were being followed.

1862(6th of Tishrei, 5623): Margaret Heyes, the wife of Paul Johann Heyes died of lung disease in Meran, Italy.

1862: Union troops under the command of Brigadier General Frederick Salomon failed to capture Newtonia, Missouri during the First Battle of Newtonia.  It was the first real setback for Salomon who had risen from the rank of Captain when he joined the Army in 1861.  Whatever blot this may have placed on his record was removed with the victory at the Battle of Helena (Arkansas) as can be seen by the fact that Salomon rose to the rank of Major General by the end of the war.

1862: This afternoon, the corner-stone of the new Orphan Asylum, which is supported by the Hebrew Benevolent Society of New York City was laid at the corner of Seventy-seventh-street and Third-avenue. Benjamin J. Hart, the President of the Society, addressed the crowd as did Rabbis Raphall and Adler.

1863: During the American Civil War, the 15th Kentucky Cavalry, a unit that had been formed under the command of Jewish patriot Lt. Col. Gabriel Netter completed a sweep that had started in Paducah and ended McLemoresville, TN.(You have to be a real Civil War Junkie and Jewish to appreciate this entry)

1865(10th of Tishrei, 5626): Yom Kippur

1865(10th of Tishrei, 5626): Samuel David Luzzatto an Italian Jewish scholar, poet, and a member of the Wissenschaft des Judentums movement passed away Born in 1800 at Trieste, he was also known by his Hebrew acronym, Shadal. While still a boy he entered the Talmud Torah of his native city, where besides Talmud, in which he was taught by Abraham Eliezer ha-Levi, chief rabbi of Trieste and a distinguished pilpulist, he studied ancient and modern languages and science under Mordechai de Cologna, Leon Vita Saraval, and Raphael Baruch Segré, whose son-in-law he later became. He studied the Hebrew language also at home, with his father, who, though a turner by trade, was an eminent Talmudist.

1867(1st of Tishrei, 5628):As they observe Rosh Hashanah Jews in New Orleans continue to struggle with a Yellow Fever Epidemic that began in July

1868(14thof Tishrei, 5628): Erev Sukkoth

1868(14thof Tishrei, 5628): A farm worker named Francisco Qiñones, led Spanish troops to the hiding place of Mathias Brugman and his son Bauer. Born in New Orleans, Brugman moved to his mother’s native Puerto Rico where he eventually became an advocate for gaining the island’s independence from the brutal Spanish government.  He was a leader of the El Grito de Lares Uprising which began on September 23.  The revolt failed thanks to the informers working for the Spanish.  Brugman died in the town of Yauco.
1872(27th of Elul, 5632): German Rabbi Benjamin Hirsch Auerbach, the son of Rabbi Abraham Auerbach and the author of Nahal Eshkol, a three volume work on the Sefer HaEshkol, passed away today.

1873(9th of Tishrei, 5634): Erev Yom Kippur

1873: “The Jewish Fast of Yom Kippur” published today reported that “at sundown this evening the Jewish nation enters upon the celebration of the solemn fast known as Yom Kippur or Day of Atonement, the most important of the numerous religious observances of the ancient faith.”  According to the article “the Israelitish community” has become lax in its observance of other rituals but all are united in observing this holiday including the twenty-four fast when they abstain from “all manner of food and drink.”

1875(1st of Tishrei, 5636): Rosh Hashanah

1875: According to a contemporary report for the Orthodox Jews today is the first of a two day New Year’s celebration, “but those who have thrown off the yoke of Rabbinical ordinances and who rejoice in the designation of reformers celebrate but this one day.”

1877(23rdof Tishrei, 5638): Simchat Torah

1877: In Pine Bluff, AR Joseph and Matilda Josephat Altheimer gave birth to Benjamin Joseph Altheimer who “in 1910 conceived the idea of setting aside a special day as Flag Day while attending a retreat formation at Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas.”

1877: It was reported today that Lord Beaconsfield (Benjamin Disraeli) had convinced Queen Victoria to break her promised to inaugurate the Town Hall at Manchester because he was angry at the voters of Manchester for having rejected his candidate for Parliament and voting for Jacob Bright instead. The World, an English paper described this are part of the “unholy influence of a Hebrew minster.” Others have risen to Beaconsfield’s defense contending that the decision was a symptom of the Queen’s desire to remain in seclusion and point to the fact that she only agreed to open “the season” in London because Disraeli urged her to do so. Disraeli may be a Jew by birth, but he “is English to the roots of his hair” -   English in training, in habits in sentiment in ambition.” To his defenders, “Lord Beaconsfield is the greatest state man of his age. He is a triton among minnows, and every man who has ever wielded a pen for bread ought to be proud of this chief of the Brotherhood of Literature.

1882: Nathan Gottgetren, a 35 year old Jewish swindler and forger who used the alias Nicholas Gilbert, cashed three forged checks at three different stores in New York for a total of $2,460.
 
1882: Birthdate of Hans Geiger.  The world knows him as the man who invented the Geiger counter.  Jews remember as the German scientist who joined the Nazi party and betrayed Jewish colleagues who had worked with him.

1883: It was reported today that the Standard Library Series has published Jewish Artisan Life by Franz Delitzsch in which the author examines the “professions” of Jews during the days of the Second Temple.  He found everything from bakers to doctors, one of whom was famous for dealing with bowel complaints, to makers and sellers of “Medean Beer which was also known as Babylonian Beer and Zithos, a native cider.

1883: The “first Jewish house of worship…a brick structure that served as both Hebrew school and synagogue” was dedicated today in Salt Lake City, Utah.

1884: “In Trouble On A Fast Day” published today described an altercation between Park Policeman Samuel Murphy and three Jews that took place on Yom Kippur in New York’s Central Park that resulted in the arrest of the three Jews and the “disappearance” of diamond that belonged to Benjamin Levy.

1885: It was reported today that a reporter for the Albany Journal had a confusing experience when attending synagogues in that city.  When he went to the Ferry Street Synagogue, an orthodox congregation, he was admonished for taking his hat off.  Based on that when he went to the South Pearl Street Synagogue he left his hat on.  However, this was a Reform Temple and he was admonished for not removing his hat.  The reporter seemed none the worse for wear.

1886(1stof Tishrei, 5647): Rosh Hashanah

1887: The Philadelphia Record reported today that “it is estimated the over $75,000 is contributed annually to” Jewish charities including profits from the annual charity ball.

1888: It was reported today that “exception measures” have been taken by the Russian government aimed at limiting the entrance of Jews into the Empire and hindering their ability to travel in the country through changes in the passport laws.  These stringent measures apply equally to Russian born and foreign born Jews.

1887: By order of Justice White, Annie Lee, a child who is claimed by “a colored family named Lee and a Hebrew family named Brodcki” is to be placed under the care of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children until the Supreme Court settles the custody dispute.

1888: As of today Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society is caring for 585 children, 278 of whom are girls and 307 are boys.  Four hundred forty two are between the ages of 2 and 5 with the balance being under the cutoff age of 15.

1889(5thof Tishrei, 5650): Sixty-two year old Leopold Newland, a Polish born Jew took his own life today while living at the home of his son-in-law, Elias Green

1889: At Temple Emanu-El in New York City, President Greenbaum of the Aguilar Library Association presided over a meeting of representatives from “a score of Jewish congregations and societies” that had been called to plan the upcoming Hebrew Fair, a major fund-raising event.

1891: “Minister Hirsch’s Return” published today described the travels of Solomon Hirsch, the U.S. Minister to Turkey who visited with groups of Jews in Paris to discuss ways of improving the conditions of their co-religionist in Russia, before setting sail for New York where he begin to enjoy his leave of absence.

1892(9th of Tishrei, 5653): Erev Yom Kippur

1892: In Cleveland, a congregation of Russian Jews is scheduled to hold services in the assembly room of the New Young Men’s Christian Association Building.

1892: A group of Russian Jewish immigrants ignore the crosses on the outside of the building to hear Kol Nidre in a building belong to the YMCA in Cleveland, Ohio.

1892(9th of Tishrei, 5653): Hector-Jonathan Crémieux passed away.  Born in 1828, he was a French librettist and playwright. His best-known work is his collaboration with Ludovic Halévy for Jacques Offenbach's Orphée aux Enfers, known in English as Orpheus in the Underworld

1893: Sachs, Kestenbaum and Diamond, three of the four charged with perjury in a case involving prominent Jewish businessman Jacob Bauman remained in jail today because they could not make bail.  The fourth conspirator and probably mastermind, Annie Bauman, Jacob’s wife made bail and did not have to remain in jail.

1893: In Sanitary Inspector Rosse report to the Marine Hospital Bureau written today from Leghorn, Italy concerning the cholera epidemic that the Chief Rabbi of Leghorn has ordered the closure of the synagogue which is “next to that of Amsterdam… the wealthiest synagogue in the world” for the first time in its history.

1894(29thof Elul, 5654): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1894: Evening services marking the start of the Jewish New Year will be held for the first time in the new synagogue of Shaarai Tephilla.

1894: Louis Berghold almost drowned when his father took him to Benjamin Phillips’ bathhouse on Orchard as part of their pre-New Year’s custom and the boy hit his head on the bottom of the pool after sneaking in by himself.

1894: In Memphis, TN, the will of the late Moses H. Katzenberger who was the President of the Savings Bank of Memphia was filed for probate today.

1895: “The Hungarian Reichstage has finally passed the remaining Church Reform bills” which include the “removal of all existing Jewish disabilities.”

1895: In Part I of the Court of General Sessions, the arson trial of Morris Schoenholz resumes after having been postponed because of Yom Kippur per the request of his attorney Abraham Levy.

1895: “Who Shall Govern Jerusalem” published today provides a description of how the Europeans plan on dividing the Ottoman Empire including the squabble based on religion between the Russians (Orthodox) and French (Catholics) over who shall control Jerusalem.  The author sees no role for the Jews in governing the City of David  “since there is little doubt that Jewish colonization is a failure.”
1897: It was reported today that Louis Yaffa, the Secretary of the Hebrew Citizens’ League has enrolled 400 members in the organization which has selected a candidate to run for Alderman from New York’s Second Assembly District.

1899: When a Russian Jewish woman was asked by her friend why so many stores were closed today she responded that it was “a yonteff’ (the Yiddish word for holiday).  When asked what Yonteff it was, the woman responded that it was a “Dewey Yonteff.”  Such was her explanation of the holiday like atmosphere in New York City that was honoring the great naval hero of the Spanish American War. (Admiral Dewey was the naval hero of the Battle of Manila)

1899: “Mr. Peters’ Book About the Jews” published today provided a review of Justice to the Jews: The Story of What He Has Done for the World by Madison Peters.

1905(1stof Tishrei, 5666): Rosh Hashanah

1905(1stof Tishrei, 5666): Fifty-five year old Charles Ephrussi passed away today in Paris.  Born into a prominent Jewish banking family in Odessa, he traveled to Paris where he became a collector of works by Degas, Manet and Monet as well as a connoisseur of Japanese prints, copies of which he kept at his luxurious mansion on 11 Avenue D’leana

1908: Birthdate of violinist David Oistrakh.David Fiodorovich Oistrakh was a Jewish Soviet violinist who made many recordings, and was the dedicatee of numerous violin works. He passed away in 1974

1909(15thof Tishrei, 5670): Sukkoth

1909: Both Sephardic and Ashkenazic rabbis in Jerusalem pledged to work hand in hand in the interest of the entire Jewish community. Together they founded a relief committee to benefit Jewish families whose heads will be called to military service.

1911: Birthdate of writer and humanitarian Ruth Gruber, who led a 1944 American mission to save 1,000 WWII refugees.

1911: In Berlin, a group of Jewish students visit the Turkish Ambassador and volunteer for service in the Turkish Army, while a group of Zionist doctors consider the advisability of organizing a Jewish Sanitary Corps for Turkish field forces.

1912(19th of Tishrei, 5673): Six years after his father’s death, Reb Aharon, the Kidushas Aharon, who served as Admor of Sadigur, passed away today.

1914(10th of Tishrei, 5675): Yom Kippur

1914: Services will begin at 10 o’clock this morning at Temple Emanu-El where Dr. Joseph Silverman will deliver a sermon on “Where is God in the Present Conflict?”

1914: An article published today in the Evening Public Ledger entitled “Day of Atonement the World Over” reported that the holy day was being observed in the synagogues of Philadelphia, PA as well as on the European battlefield.  According to the Ledger, there are over 400,000 Jewish soldiers fighting in the armies of the various belligerents and the commanders of the various armies have given the Jews permission to set aside their guns to observe “Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement also” known as Yom Hadin.

1914:”Yom Kippur Fast Today” published today described the observance of “the Day of Atonement” including the afternoon memorial service “in all the synagogues held in memory of those members who have passed away during the preceding year.”

1917:  Birthdate of famed big band drummer Buddy Rich, American drummer.

1917: Birthdate of Irving B. Kahn,the inventor of the teleprompter and headed the
TelePrompTer Company. In the mid 50's, Kahn designed and built what was perhaps the first remotely controlled, multi-image, rear projection system in the world for the U.S. Army’s facility in Huntsville, Ala., to make persuasive presentations to visiting Congressmen. With five images (one large, 3¼ by 4 slide or film image in the center flanked smaller slides at each side) and random access it could search and select among 500 slides. TelePrompTer also made many technological contributions to the early cable TV industry. In 1961, Kahn and Hub Schlafley demonstrated Key TV, an early pay TV concept, by showing the second Patterson vs. Johansson heavyweight fight, essentially giving birth to pay-per-view.

1917(14thof Tishrei, 5678): Erev Sukkoth

1917(14thof Tishrei, 5678): Isaac Newton Seligman passed away today as a result of fall from a horse in Irvington, NJ.

1918: As Allenby’s campaign is on the verge of complete success, his forces captures the Ottoman garrison that had been holding Damascus as it tried to make its escape.

1923: Outfielder Moses Solomon made his major league debut with New York Giants.

1924(2nd of Tishrei, 5685): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1924: Birthdate of author Truman Capote the author who denied he was anti-Semitic when he talked about “the rise of…the Jewish Mafia in America letter.  This is a clique of New York oriented writers and critics who control much of the literary scene through the influence of the quarterlies and intellectual magazines.  All these publications are Jewish-dominated and this particular coterie employs them to make or break writers writers by advancing or withholding attention.”

1928: Birthdate of Elie Wiesel.  This author and Nobel Prize winner is too well known to require any further comment.

1930: Former Senator Simon Guggenheim the brother of the late Daniel Guggenheim is expected to arrive in New York from Europe this morning aboard the Ile de France.

1930: Birthdate of Jacob Fiszman, the native of Cracow who would gain fame as Dr. Jack Fishman the developer of naloxone, a powerful medication that has saved countless people from fatal overdoses of heroin and other narcotics. (As reported by William Yardley)

1930: Funeral services for Daniel Guggenheim are scheduled to be held at 2 p.m. at Temple Emanu-El on 5th Avenue.

1933(10thof Tishrei, 5694): Yom Kippur

1933: The German government submitted a letter to the Council of the League of Nations claiming that the rights of the Jews living in Upper Silesia had been restored. The letter had been written after the League had responded to the Bernheim Petition which claimed that the Jews were being discriminated against in violation of the German-Polish Convention of 1922.  The American Jewish Congress and the Comité des Délégations Juives had vigorously supported Franz Bernheim in his claim and at this juncture the newly empowered Nazi government was not ready to thumb its nose at the League of Nations.

1935(3rd of Tishrei, 5696): Tzom Gedaliah

1935:  George Gershwin's "Porgy & Bess" premiered in Boston.

1936(14thof Tishrei, 5697): Erev Sukkoth

1936(14thof Tishrei, 5697): Sixty-nine year old Coningsby Ralph Disraeli, the son of Ralph Disraeli and the nephew of Benjamin Disraeli who served as an MP passed away today.

1937: The Palestine Post reported on the death in London of Earl Peel, the Chairman of the Royal (Peel) Commission on Palestine, at the age of 71. Earl Peel properly appreciated the Jewish part and effort in the development of Palestine. The entire Hebrew press, paid a warm tribute to Lord Peel, who frequently expressed his appreciation of the excellent development work the Jewish community was performing in Palestine

1937: The Palestine Post reported that the Arab press accused the Post and other Jewish organizations of exploiting the murder by of Lewis Andrews, the much-respected district commissioner for Galilee and of his driver, on the steps of the Anglican Church in Nazareth, for the strong criticism of Arab terror and the society which condones such crimes.

1938: Hitler convinced Chamberlain and Daladier that he wanted to protect German rights in the Sudetenland by annexing it, (hence, the Munich Agreement) and that he had no further demands. Chamberlain gave in, claiming that by doing so he had achieved peace "in our time".

1938: As the Detroit Tigers play their last home game of the season, Hank Greenberg fails to hit a home run and his hopes for breaking Ruth’s record of sixty for the season begin to fade.

1938, Eleanor Rathbone denounced the just-publicized Munich Accords. She pressured the parliament to aid the Czechs and grant entry for dissident Germans, Austrians and Jews. In late 1938 she set up the Parliamentary Committee on Refugees to take up individual cases from Spain, Czechoslovakia and Germany. During World War II she regularly chastised Osbert Peake, undersecretary at the Home Office, and in 1942 pressured the government to publicize the evidence of Holocaust.

1941(9thof Tishrei, 5702): Erev Yom Kippur

1941: The two day massacre of the Jews of Kiev at Babi Yar came to an end. “The killing rate, almost 35,000 in two days, was unequaled even by the death factories of Treblinka and Auschwitz.” The intent was to wipe out the entire Jewish community in Kiev in what has been described as “the largest single massacre” during the Holocaust. The victims were as varied as little Velvele Valentin Pinkert and 70 year old Yakov-Pinhas Zindelivich, who was dragged out of his apartment by one of his Ukrainian neighbors and turned over to Nazis. According to Sir Martin Gilbert, the old man, wrapped in his prayer shawl was driven to BabiYar, ‘praying all the way’. After the slaughter, the Nazis and their collaborators collapsed the walls of the ravine, turning it into a mass grave. The Jews who had not died from gunfire were buried alive.[There is no way that this brief entry can do justice to evil of the crime]

1941: Opening of the Battle of Moscow.  This clash of the Nazi and Red armies would last for five months.  If the Nazis had been successful, and in the opening stages it looked as if they would the Soviet capital, it might well have meant the end of meaningful Soviet resistance in Europe. As the two armies slammed against each other through the Russian Winter, the fate of European Jewry hung in the balance. Even if the Soviets had remained in the war, the total victims of the Holocaust would have been closer to nine or twelve million and not the six million who actually perished.

1942: SS exterminates 3,500 Jews in Zelov Lodz Poland in 6 week period

1942: New construction at the Treblinka death camp greatly increases its gas-chamber capacity.

1942: Polish Jews trapped in the Warsaw Ghetto begin the construction of bunkers for a military defense.  By January of 1943, they will have constructed more than 600 fortified bunkers.

1943(1stof Tishrei, 5704): Rosh Hashanah

1943: Franz Oppenheimer passes away in Los Angeles at the age of 79.He was a German sociologist and political economist, who also studied in the area of the fundamental sociology of the state. From 1934 to 1935, Oppenheimer taught in Palestine. In 1936 he was appointed an honorary member of the American Sociological Association. From 1938 onwards, he taught at the University of Kobe in Japan. After he emigrated to the United States (1942), he became a founding member of the American Journal of Economics and Sociology.

1943: The Krupp arms factory at Mariupol, Ukraine, is dismantled and relocated west to Fünfteichen, Silesia, Poland, where it is staffed by Jewish slave laborers.

1943: Between now and April of 1944, Jewish slave laborers exhume at least 68,000 corpses of murdered Jews and Soviet POWs at the Ponary, Lithuania, killing ground, near Vilna.

1944: Jewish deportations from Slovakia resume. Between now and March 31, 13,500 were deported and another 5,000 were imprisoned locally.

1945(23rdof Tishrei, 5706): Simchat Torah

1945: Hank Greenberg's final day home run won the pennant for the Tigers.

1946: Twenty-two top Nazi leaders were found guilty of war crimes at Nuremberg.

1947(16th of Tishrei, 5708): Second Day of Sukkoth

1947: The World Series, featuring the New York Yankees and the Brooklyn Dodgers, is televised for the first time. Both teams had large followings among the Jewish population.  How did those who were not supposed to use electricity cope with the temptation on the second day of yontiff?  How many Reform Jews decided to stay home and observe a second of Sukkoth?  So far, these questions remain unanswered which means there is at least one topic left for a doctorial thesis in Jewish studies.

1947: Several Arab leaders included Mohammad Nima Hawari, a lawyer who founded the firs and largest of the paramilitary Arab youth organizations in Palestine, expressed their opposition to the UNSCOP plan and the creation of a Jewish state.  They said that any such move would result in a violent reaction on the part of the Arabs in Palestine.  They said that any attempt to create a Jewish state would be met a Pan-Arab Army led by a modern day Saladin who lead them to victory as had happened in the days of the Crusaders.

1948: During the siege of Jerusalem, amidst reports that spies were providing information to the Jordanians, George Hawkins, one of those so accused was released from custody. 

1951(29th of Elul, 5711): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1951(29th of Elul, 5711): As day gives way to night, and Jews begin to usher in 5712, President Chaim Weizmann and Prime Minister David Ben Gurion each issued New Year’s messages expressing their hopes for peace for the world in general and for the Jewish people and Israel in particular.  Both also cited the burden Israel faced as it moved to accept an ever growing tide of immigrants.  Ben Gurion clearly stated the challenge when he said, “Great and hard are the problems of integration…we shall support this burden fully aware that it is for our generation to discharge this primary task.”  He expressed the hope that “the Jewish people throughout the world will devotedly join in this historic enterprise.”

1952: The Jerusalem Post reported from Moscow that Minister Samuel Eliashiv handed a note to the Soviet Government on the possibility of obtaining reparations from East Germany. 

1952: The Jerusalem Post reported that a guard, Shimon Badini, was killed and a farmer badly wounded by infiltrators from Jordan who stole from Jewish villages in the Jerusalem Corridor, during the Yom Kippur fast.

1954: The U.S.S. Nautilus, an atomic submarine, was launched by the United States Navy.     The Nautilus was the first atomic powered vessel launched by the United States. It was also the progenitor of what would become America's major "ace-in-the-hole" during the Cold War - the fleet of atomic powered submarines armed with ballistic missiles.  Admiral Hyman Rickover was the father and driving force behind the sub fleet.

1956: French and Israeli officials met in Paris where the French seek to induce the Israelis in being part of the Anglo-French plans to take control of the Suez Canal away from Egypt’s Nasser.

1960(9th of Tishrei, 5721): Kol Nidre chanted for the last time during the Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower.

1972(22ndof Tishrei, 5733): Shemini Atzeret

1972(22ndof Tishrei, 5733): Samuel Norton “Sam” Gerson passed away in Philadelphia.  Gerson won the Silver Medal for freestyle wrestling as a member of the United States 1920 Summer Olympic Team.  He was one of the founders of the Philadelphia Maccabi Sports Club.

1972(22ndof Tishrei, 5733): Sixty-eight director and set designer Edgar Georg Ulmer who produced "People on Sunday" (Menschen am Sonntag) a silent film with a script by Billy Wilder passed away today.

1973: A second group of Egyptian reservists were called to duty, ostensibly to take part in a training exercise; in reality they were part of the force that would attack on Yom Kippur.

1976(6th of Tishrei, 5737): Real estate developer William Zeckendorf, Sr. the owner of Webb and Knapp passed away today.

1979: “One Day At A Time” starring Bonnie Franklin opens for its 5thseason

1982: Yitzhak Berman completes his terms as Minister of Energy and Water Resources. He resigned “due to the government's attitude towards the Kahan Commission, which was investigating the Sabra and Shatila massacre.”

1982: “Taxi’ the sitcom created by James Brooks, Stan Daniels and Ed Weinberger and starring Judd Hirsch began its fifth season on ABC.

1983(23rdof Tishrei, 5744): Simchat Torah

1985(15th of Tishrei, 5746): Sukkoth

1986: Mordechai Vanunu, a nuclear technician, disappeared before his revelations about Israel’s atomic program at Dimona were published in the Sunday Times of London.

1988 (19th of Tishrei, 5749):  Rabbi Joachim Prinz passed away.  Born in Germany, Prinz was a rabbi in Berlin from 1926 through 1937.  He was an early opponent of the Nazis and urged the Jews to leave the country.  He left in 1937 for the United States where he became a leader of the Reform Movement and a leader in the American Civil Rights Movement.  He was a speaker at the 1963 March on Washington. He was 86 at the time of his death.

1989(1st of Tishrei, 5750): Rosh Hashanah
 
1991(22nd of Tishrei, 5752): Shemini Atzeret

1991(22nd of Tishrei, 5752): Heavy-weight boxer King Levinsky passed away.  Levinksky, who was born in Chicago in 1910, was known by his given name – Harris Krakow – and another nickname – “Kingfish” Levinksy.  Although he never fought for the heavyweight championship, he fought a number of noted heavyweights including his co-religionist, Max Baer, Jack Dempsey, Joe Louis and Primo Carnera. He was marred to Roxana Sand, a fan dance whose birth name was Golda Glickman

1993(15thof Tishrei, 5754): Sukkoth is celebrated for the first time under President Clinton

1994(25th of Tishrei, 5755): French microbiologist Andre Micael Lwoff passed away. He won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1965.

1997: The Roman Catholic Church in France issues a public apology for remaining silent during the persecution and deportation of Jews conducted by the pro-Nazi Vichy regime during World War II. Around 76,000 Jews were taken from France to Germany, and most died in Nazi concentration camps

1998(10th of Tishrei, 5759): Yom Kippur

1998: On Yom Kippur, Salem Rajab al-Sarsour, 29 year old Palestinian terrorist made a grenade attack on an army post in Hebron, wounding 14 Israeli soldiers and 8 Palestinian passers-by.


2000(1stof Tishrei, 5761): Rosh Hashanah

 2000: Arab leaders today called on their community to begin a general strike to protest the killing of five Palestinian protestors by Israeli police yesterday on what was the first day of a wave of Arab terror kown as the Al Aqsa Infitada.

2001: The New York Times reviewed books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including War In A Time Of Peace: Bush, Clinton, and the Generals by David Halberstam, Family Business::Selected Letters Between a Father and Son by Allen Ginsberg and Louis Ginsberg and Long Time No See by Susan Isaacs.

2002: France 2, the French television channel, broadcasts coverage of the shooting of Mohammed al-Dura, a Palestinian boy whose televised death would become an iconic image of Israeli brutality and a rallying cry across the Middle East. The story consisted of 55 seconds of edit footage taken at the Netzarim Junction.  The footage was filmed by a local Palestinian cameraman.  The voice over describing this example of Israeli brutality was provided Charles Enderlin.  Unfortunately, Enderlin was not present when the film was shot and just repeated what he had been told by the Arabs. A subsequent Israeli military probe concluded that it was quite possible that the youngster was killed by Palestinian gunmen.  This was followed by a German television documentary that reported the child had died from Palestinian bullets and a June, 2003 Atlantic Monthly story that reached the same conclusion.  Despite calls that Enderlin be dismissed for perpetrating a journalistic hoax, Arab propagandist still use the video clip despite all evidence that that al-Dura was killed by his own people.

2003:  A closely watched legal dispute over the ownership of works of art once looted by the Nazis reached the Supreme Court as the justices accepted an appeal by Austria and one of its state art museums on whether American courts have jurisdiction to resolve such cases. An 87-year-old California woman, the niece and heir of a prominent art collector, Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer, who fled Vienna in 1938 and died shortly after the end of World War II, has spent decades trying to get back the remains of the collection he left behind. At issue are six paintings by Gustav Klimt, including two portraits of Mr. Bloch-Bauer's wife, Adele. The six paintings, now in the Austrian Gallery in Vienna, are worth more than $100 million. Austria maintains that the paintings were left to the state and its museums under the will of Adele Bloch-Bauer, who died in 1925, and that the Nazis had illegitimate possession of them during the war does not change the fact that they properly belong to Austria now. The niece, Maria V. Altmann, disputes that interpretation, maintaining that her aunt's preferences about the eventual disposition of the paintings never achieved the status of a formal bequest to the government. Ms. Altmann filed a lawsuit in Federal District Court in Los Angeles three years ago. There has not yet been a trial to sort out the competing interpretations, and the Supreme Court will not decide the merits of the case. Rather, the question for the justices is whether the case can proceed at all under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, a 27-year-old federal law that defines the terms for suing foreign governments in the federal courts. Although the issue is a technical one, it could be decisive in resolving a variety of cases involving the behavior of foreign governments and their agencies in World War II.

2003: A memorial service was held today English director and actor John Richard Schlesinger the son of two middle class London Jews – Dr. and Mrs. Bernard Edward Schlesinger.

2004(15thof Tishrei, 5765): Sukkoth

2004: Ross Mark Kagan a former director of independent motion pictures and the son of “a close knit Jewish family” from Highland Park, Illinois, was arrested and charged with multiple felonies connected with a counterfeit jewelry ring. 

2005: Under oath, Judith Miller was questioned by the special prosecutor before a federal grand jury but was not relieved of contempt charges

2005: Haaretz reported that “the Vatican library has loaned the Israel Museum four illuminated Jewish manuscripts from the 13th and 15th centuries, which will be on exhibit to the public for the next four months. The manuscripts include a 15th-century manuscript of Maimonides' Mishne Torah, a 15th-century manuscript of Rabbi Jacob ben Asher's Arba'ah Turim, a 13th-century manuscript of the Bible, and a 13th-century book of Psalms. The most famous of the manuscripts on loan is the copy of Maimonides' famous legal composition, the Mishne Torah. The manuscript is not complete and contains only the prolegomenon and the first five books of the 14-part composition, also known as Ha-Yad Ha-Hazaka (the Strong Hand). The second manuscript, of the Arba'ah Turim (Four Rows), is a well-known codex of Jewish Law composed by Rabbi Jacob ben Asher, which is divided into four parts, each dealing with a different aspect of the daily life of a devout Jew. The third item is a13th-century Biblical manuscript which is among the earliest to be found in Italy, and it survived almost in its entirety. The scribe and the vocalizer (nakdan) of the manuscript were members of the famous Anav family of Rome's ancient Jewish community, which produced a line of authors, poets and rabbis. The fourth item in the exhibit is a Psalter from the 13th century. The book has two other parts to it, which are in the Vatican's collection in Rome.”  The Vatican’s willingness to share these treasures as part of the 40th anniversary celebration of the fouding of the Israel Museum is further evidence of the long term improvement in relations between Papal Heirarchy and the Jewish state.

2005: USA Today listed the Brenham kehilla as one of "10 great places to share history of the Jewish faith."

2005: The Washington Post reported that 97 year old Leo Sternbach, the inventor of a revolutionary new class of tranquilizers that included Valium, one of the first blockbuster "lifestyle" drugs, has died at his home in North Carolina. . Named one of the 25 most influential Americans of the 20th century by U.S. News & World Report, Sternbach's credits include 241 patents, 122 publications, honorary degrees and other awards.

2006(8th of Tishrei, 5767): The Sabbath of the Return – Shabbat Shuvah.

2007: As part of Chol Hamoed Sukkoth, Temple Judah sponsors a Sukkah Hop.

2007: An exhibition celebrating 100th anniversary of the birth of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo comes to an end in Cayoacan.

2007: The Sunday Washington Post book section featured reviews of the following books about Jewish topics or by Jewish authors: Two Lives: Gertrude and Alice by Janet Malcolm which asks the question, “How did two elderly Jewish writers living in occupied France survive the Nazis?” and Exit Ghost by Phillip Roth, featuring Roth’s alter ego, the 71 old Nathan Zuckerman

2007: The Sunday New York Times book section featured reviews of the following books about Jewish topics or by Jewish authors: The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism by Naimoi Klein in which the Jewish reporter “tracks 50 years of global capitalism, spotting ruthless opportunism at every turn.” The Art of Political Murder: Who Killed the Bishop? In which author Francisco Goldman whose father is Jewish and mother is from Guatemala “investigates the real life killing of a Roman Catholic bishop.” Ike: An American Hero by Michael Korda, part of the famous Hungarian born, British film making family. Stanley The Impossible Life of Africa’s Greatest Explorer by Jim Teal that includes the story of the “rescue of Emin Pasha a.k.a. Eduard Schnitzer, the Silesian born German Jew whose roguish life reads more like a novel than anything else.

2007:Israeli chess player Boris Gelfand tied former chess world champion Vladimir Kramnik of Russia for second place with a masterful display of cunning in the world chess championship in Mexico. Indian national Vishwanathan Anand emerged the victor of the grueling competition.

2007: New York Met Shawn Green plays his last game.

2007: In the wake of the Israeli airstrike “on a nuclear reactor in Syria” to which nobody would admit had happened “Syrian Vice-President Faruq Al Shara announced that the Israeli target was the Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands, but the center itself immediately denied this.”

2007: Dominique Strauss-Kahn was formally named as the new head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

2008(1 Tishrei, 5769): First Day Rosh Hashanah, Sephardic Jews living in northern Brazil's Amazon region have additional reason to celebrate the New Year because of the publication of the first Rosh Hashanah Machzor (New Year prayer-book) which incorporates their unique liturgy and customs. The Machzor will benefit other Portuguese-speaking Sephardic Jewish communities as well as Bnai Anousim (people whose ancestors were compelled to convert to Catholicism at the time of the Inquisition, whom historians refer to as "Marranos") throughout Brazil and Portugal. The Machzor, called Ner Rosh Hashanah, was prepared and edited by Rabbi Moyses Elmescany and Cantor David Salgado, and includes the traditional Hebrew text of the Jewish New Year prayer services, together with both a transliteration and translation into Portuguese. It was published with the support and assistance of Shavei Israel a Jerusalem-based group that assists small Jewish communities, as well as "lost Jews," those with Jewish roots seeking to return to the Jewish people."This Machzor is really the first of its kind," said Salgado, who moved to Israel from northern Brazil together with his wife and children. "It will enable Portuguese-speaking Jews who use Nusach Sepharadi (the Sephardic rite) to better recite and understand the meaning and significance of the New Year prayers."Salgado noted that the Machzor reflects the texts and customs used by Moroccan Jewish communities, but with a special twist. Until today, Brazil's Jews of the Amazon are still using the same Nusach from Morocco in the 19th century."This Nusach is the one that was brought to Brazil's Amazon region by the first Moroccan Jewish immigrants, who arrived there nearly two centuries ago," he said. "And until today, Brazil's Jews of the Amazon are still using the same rite and following the same customs as they were practiced in Morocco in the 19th century.""We are happy to partner with Rabbi Elmescany and Chazan Salgado to facilitate the publication of this special Machzor for Rosh Hashanah," said Shavei Israel Chairman Michael Freund, adding, "We hope that it will help to preserve the unique Jewish practices and rituals of Brazil's Amazon area, as well as strengthen Portuguese-speaking Jewish communities worldwide."In its initial run, the Machzor was published primarily for the use of the Jewish communities of Belem and Manaus in Brazil, which are home to 450 families and 220 families respectively. But both Freund and Salgado say they hope that other Portuguese-speaking Sephardic communities will benefit from it as well.

2009: The Center for Jewish History presents Nostalgia by Headless Horse Dance, a dance performance choreographed by Robin Rapoport.

2009: In Cedar Rapids, Hadassah book club discusses Sotahby Naomi Ragan.

 2009: Final day for making submissions to The D.C. Jewish Community Center’s annual writing contest being held in conjunction with the upcoming Hyman S. & Freda Bernstein Jewish Literary Festival, being held in October. . As in years past, the contest's theme is keyed to the festival's Opening Night, which this year will celebrate the 50th anniversary of Philip Roth's coming-of-age classic, Goodbye, Columbus. Jewish tradition states that 13 is the age at which young people come of age, but the question being posed by the contest is what age do you believe to be your true turning point, that one transformative moment?

2009: Stuart E. Weisberg discusses and signs his new biography, Barney Frank: The Story of America's Only Left-Handed, Gay, Jewish Congressman, at Lambda Rising Bookstore, in Washington, D.C.

2010(22nd of Tishrei, 5771): Shemini Atzeret

2011: On the secular calendar, today marks the 70th anniversary of the second and final day of the  two day slaughter at Babi Yar which ended on September 30., 1941.

2011:   A 49-year-old resident of the UK was detained and tried in court after making a Nazi salute and singing the words Auschwitz and Birkenau to a Jewish teenager at a hospital in Wrexham, the Daily Telegraph reported today. Police discovered a Nazi flag draped on the banister and a swastika badge in Zbinigw Lebek's apartment in the city.
 
2011(2nd of Tishrei, 5772): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah
שנה טובה, כתיבה וחתימה טובה.

2012: The New York Times features books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including The Obama White House and the Supreme Court by Jeffrey Toobin the recently released paperback edition of The Swerve: How the World Became Modern by Stephen Greenblatt

2012(14thof Tishrei, 5773): Erev of Sukkoth

2012(14thof Tishrei, 5773): Ninety-five year old Barry Commoner, a leading ecologist and environmentalist passed away today. (As reported by Daniel Lewis)

2012(14thof Tishrei, 5773):Italy lost a national hero to when 88 year old  Shlomo Venezia, “a Holocaust survivor who since the 1980s had been speaking and writing tirelessly about his nightmarish experiences, having been forced to serve in an Auschwitz Sonderkommando” passed away today. (As reported by Lisa Palmieri-Billig)

2012: The Los Angeles Times features books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including The Signal and the Noise: Why So Many Predictions Fail – But Some Don’t by Nate Silver.

2012: In cooperation with the Russian Jewish Community, the Illinois Holocaust Museum & Education Center is scheduled to commemorate the seventy-first anniversary of the 2 day Massacre at Bai Yar which ended today with 34,000 Jewish men, women and children having been killed in a ravine near Kiev by German killing squads.

2012: In the best tradition of fulfilling the Jewish mission of social justice The Jewish Historical Society of Greater Washington is scheduled to sponsor a performance of “Fly” at Ford’s Theatre to show its support for the Lincoln Legacy Project.

2012: Revelation: The Fourth Annual Stern College Senior Art Show is scheduled to come to an end

2012: Iran's economy is edging towards collapse due to international sanctions over its controversial nuclear program, Finance Minister Yuval Steinitz told Israel Radio today.

2012: Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu did not intend to indicate the date of the next general election when he said in his speech to the United Nations General Assembly that the world's red line for preventing Iran's nuclearization must be next spring, sources close to Netanyahu said today.

2012: In the Game, an exhibit at the Oregon Jewish Museum, that explores sports and Oregon's Jewish community is scheduled to come to a close. (As reported by “Harriet Rochlin & Jewish History http://www.rochlin-roots-west.com/whats-new-june-2012

2013: The Lawrence Family Jewish Community Center of San Diego (CA) is scheduled to host its annual charity golf tournament. 

2013: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is scheduled to address the United Nations General Assembly

2013: Transcending Tradition: Jewish Mathematicians in German-Speaking Academic Culture is scheduled to open at the Center for Jewish History in NYC

2013: UKJF-JW3 are scheduled to present a free screening of “Noodle” a film about a 37 year old twice widowed El Al flight attendant.

2013: US President Barack Obama assured Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu today that the US remains committed to preventing Iran from attaining nuclear weapons, is keeping the military option on the table, and will not reduce sanctions unless or until it is clear that Iran is taking verifiable actions to match its purported willingness for progress. (As reported by Raphael Ahren)

2013:The Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial announced that it has recognized Egyptian Dr. Mohamed Helmy as Righteous Among the Nations, a title reserved for gentiles who risked themselves to save Jewish lives during the Holocaust.Dr. Mohamed Helmy and Frieda Szturmann, a German woman, were honored for hiding several Berlin Jews from the Nazis who otherwise would have been deported to death camps. Helmy is the first Egyptian to receive this honor, Yad Vashem announced.Helmy, who was born in Khartoum, Sudan in 1901 to Egyptian parents, came to Berlin to study medicine in 1922 and worked at the Robert Koch Institute until he was fired, due to his non- Aryan ethnicity, in 1937.According to Yad Vashem, Helmy spoke out against Nazi policies despite the extreme risk, and when 21-year-old Anna Boros, a family friend, was in danger of deportation, he successfully hid her and, later on, her family from Nazi authorities. Boros later recalled that Helmy had hid her “in his cabin in Berlin-Buch from March 10 until the end of the war. As of 1942, I no longer had any contact with the outside world. The Gestapo knew that Dr. Helmy was our family physician, and they knew that he owned a cabin in Berlin-Buch.”“He managed to evade all their interrogations. In such cases he would bring me to friends where I would stay for several days, introducing me as his cousin from Dresden.When the danger would pass, I would return to his cabin,” she said. “Dr. Helmy did everything for me out of the generosity of his heart and I will be grateful to him for eternity.”Yad Vashem is looking for Helmy’s family; he died in 1982 in Berlin.Danny Rainer of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation praised the decision to acknowledge Helmy’s actions. (As reported by Sam Sokol)

2014: TCM is scheduled to show “The Young Lions,” “The Way We Were” and “Hearts of the West” as part of its series “The Jewish Experience on Film.”

2014: “Sara Levy's World: Music, Gender, and Judaism in Enlightenment” is scheduled to come to an end at Rutgers University.

2014: “George Prochnik, author of a brilliant new study of Stefan Zweig” is scheduled to present “Stefan Zweig: The Impossible Exile” at the Center for Jewish History.

 

2014: Knopf is scheduled to release “Martin Amis’s latest novel, The Zone of Interest, a satire set in a concentration camp during the Second World War.”


 

This Day, October 1, In Jewish History by Mitchell A. Levin

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OCTOBER 1

2016 B.C.E.:  According to some the anniversary of the Origin of Era of Abraham on the secular calendar. The exactitude of this date is easily open to debate.  There is a general agreement among those who accept the existence of Abraham that he appeared about 2000 B.C.E.  This means that Jewish History spans a period of four thousand years.  What makes Jewish History unique is that it covers such a great span of time, that it is not limited to a specific geographic area and that the most ancient events of that history are an active part of the descendants of the people who made that history.

331B.C.E: Alexander the Great of Macedonia defeated the Persian army at Gaugamela.  This victory cemented Greek domination over the Persian Empire.  Alexander would be crowned “King of Asia” after the battle. Alexander’s armies were instrumental in bringing Greek culture to the lands of Asia Minor including the homeland of the Jewish people.  This would mark the beginning of the uneasy and sometimes violent interaction between the world of Moses and Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, et al.

208: Birthdate of Alexander Severus, the Roman Emperor whose respect for Judaism enabled Judah II (President of the Sanhedrin - the Jewish Supreme Court located in Eretz Israel), to obtain a revival of Jewish rights, including permission to visit Jerusalem.

855: Based on an edict issued by Emperor Ludwig II, all Italian Jews must have vacated his realm as of this date

1207:  Birthdate of Henry III king of England. Henry III reigned from 1216 until his death in 1272.  Like his father King John, Henry used the royal power to confiscate the wealth of the Jewish community through increasingly burdensome levies and taxes.  He forced the Jews to pay for the restoration of Westminster Abbey and the Tower of London.  At the same time, he enacted decrees calling for the expulsion of Jews from the realm unless they were providing a service to the crown i.e. paying taxes and forgiving loans owed by the royal house.  Additionally, Henry ended the construction of any new synagogues, a move that pleased the Church Fathers whose support he needed.

1404: Pope Boniface IX passed away. Unlike his predecessors and successors “he treated the Jews benevolently. He favored a succession of Jewish physicians and recognized the rights of Jews as citizens.” They were given legal right to observe their Shabbat, protection from local oppressive officials, their taxes were reduced and orders were given to treat Jews as full-fledged Roman citizens.

1685: Birthdate of Charles III who followed in the footsteps of his father Leopold to make life miserable for the Jews of Hungary.

1697(16thof Tishrei, 5458):Moses ben Mordecai Zacuto an Amsterdam born rabbi, kabbalist and poet “also known by the Hebrew acronym ReMe”Z” passed away today

1739: At an auto-de-fe in Lisbon, Antonio Jose de Silva, one of the most successful and popular playwrights of the period was burned at the stake. He was a member of a New Christian family, son of a mother who had been convicted twice of Judaizing. On the night he was burned, one of his comedies was produced in the local town theater.

1759(10thof Tishrei, 5520): Yom Kippur

1778(10thof Tishrei, 5539): Yom Kippur

1800: Spain cedes Louisiana to France via the Treaty of San Ildefonso.  Unbeknownst to the principles, this was the first act, in a “three act play” that would open the Mississippi River Valley and the Great Plains to Jewish settlers. Jews could not live in Spanish Louisiana. The French bought Louisiana was part of Napoleon’s grand dream of an American emprie. The dream fell apart and three years later the French sold Louisiana to the United States.  This opened all of the most of the land west of the Missiissippi and east of the Rockies to Jewish settlers.

 1802:Simon Magruder Levy is one of two cadets in the first class to graduate from West Point

1803(15th of Tishrei, 5564): Sukkoth

1808(10th of Tishrei, 5569): For the last time, Jews observe Yom Kippur during the Presidency of Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence and a champion of the separation of church and state.

1811: The first steamboat to sail the Mississippi River arrives in New Orléans, Louisiana. The copper for the boilers in that steamboat was probably supplied by Henry Hendricks, a prominent New York Sephardic Jew who supplie the copper fo all of Robert Fulton’s steamboats as well as those of many others.

1814:  Following the defeat of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna opens.  The intent is to undue the effects of the French Revolution and return Europeto the days of the Ancien Régime. Among other measures, the victorious powers rolled back the concept that all citizens were equal before the law.  This change had a particularly corrosive effect on the Jews of Europe whose emancipation had depended on this concept.

1818(1stof Tishrei, 5579): Rosh Hashanah

1820(23rd of Tishrei, 5581): As Jews observe Simchat Torah, Americans prepare to take place in what is the third and final of Presidential elections where the President, James Monroe, an virtually unopposed.  It was a time known as the ear of good feelings.

1825: The brig The Mary among whose passengers was English adventurer Nathaniel Isaacs foundered on a sandbank after anchoring off Port Natal

1828(23rdof Tishrei, 5589): As Jews observed Simchat Torah, Americans were engaged in the bitterest Presidential campaign the new nation had experienced as the supports of Adams and Jackson engaged in almost non-stop “l’shon hara.”

1830: Birthdate of Jeremiah C. Sullivan, the Indiana lawyer, who while serving as a general in the Union Army refused to enforced General Order 11.

1831: Birthdate of Eugene Pereire, the member of mutli-generational prominent French Jewish family.  Eugene was an engineer by training and who became a prominent fianancier and businessman He was the son of Emile Pereire who was one of the founders of the infamous Crédit Mobilier

1835: Birthdate of Austrian physician Adam Politizer, a pioneer in the field of otology.

1839(23rdof Tishrei, 5600): Simchat Torah

1839(23rdof Tishrei, 5600): Sixty-five year old Joseph Perl who wrote several books about Chasidim beginning with On the Nature of the Sect of the Hasidim, Drawn from Their Own Writings passed away today in Ternopil.

1839(23rdof Tishrei, 5600): A month after The Great Fire in Mobile, Alabama, Philip Philips and his wife Eugenia Levy would be among those observing Simchat Torah in the Gulf Coast City.

1839: For the first time Simchat Torah is celebrated in Melbourne, Australia

1846: In Gratz, Prussia, Dr. Markus Moses and his wife gave birth to German judge and legal scholar Isaac Albert Moss.

1849(15th of Tishrei, 5610): Jews observe Sukkoth for the first and only time during the Presidency of Zachary Taylor.

1854: In Australia, Sir Saul Samuel began serving his first term as a member of the Legislative Council of New South Wales

1855: "The Hebrews: A Feast of Tabernacles" published today in New York reported that "The Israelitish Festival of Tabernacles concluded on Saturday.  The Levitcal law requires its continuance for seven days.  During the whole of this period, the faithful of the city have thronged to the synagogues. The services have continued without intermission...The recurrence of these stated festivals of the Hebrews brings to mind the degree of persistency with which that ancient people adhere to their belief.

1860:In San Francisco, “a committee of Israelites, the topmost men of that persuasion in town, have issued an appeal to the public for material aid to enable Israel Joseph Benjamin 2d to visit Arabia, and look into the causes of the suffering of the Jews in that quarter. Mr. Benjamin is now in this city. He calls himself Benjamin 2d to distinguish himself from the Oriental traveler, Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela. He is from Foltitscheny on the Moldau, where, being ruined in the timber trade, he conceived the undertaking of visiting the oppressed of his race in the outskirts of the earth. His Eight Years in Asia and Africa was praised by Humboldt and Ritter, and the Jews hereabout affirm that it is replete with information valuable to historians and geographers. They credit to him the humane task of bringing the efficient protection of Victoria and Napoleon to the rescue of the grievously oppressed Hebrews in Persia. They went to see him searching in China for the Jews that are said to sprinkle that vast hive, to hear him report upon the condition of the sons of Jacob scattered through Afghanistan, and, most of all, to have him scouring the Arabian peninsula to learn what is the measure of ill-usage of the circumcised there, and pleading with civilized Europe and America for the relief which none ask now, though it is presumed to be sadly needed.”

1860: An article entitled “Emperor in Africa” described Louis Napoleon’s visit to Algeria during which saw a wide variety of his subjects including “Moors, Maltese and Jews.” [Jews had probably been living in Algeria since the destruction of the Temple.  The community really grew after the expulsion from Spain.  Jews gained full citizenship in 1870. Jews lost their right to citizenship in 1963 when the new Algerian government decreed that only Moslems could be citizens.]

1862: During the American Civil War, the Jewish Ladies of Syracuse (New York) present Colonel Henry Barnum with a regimental flag to be used by the 149thRegiment of Volunteer Infantry. 

1863: “Bread Riot In Mobile” published today described the outbreak of violence spearheaded by the women of this Southern port city who were demanding food for themselves and their starving children. In his description of the violence, the reporter wrote, “In coming down Dauphine-street, two women went into a Jew clothing store, in the performance of the work connected with their mission. The proprietor of the store forcibly ejected the intruders, and threw then violently down on the sidewalk. A policeman who happened to be near, thereupon set upon the Jew and gave him a severe beating.”  [A mini-pogrom in the heart of Dixie; how ironic when you consider the number of Jews who actually took up arms on behalf of the Confederacy.]

1864(1stof Tishrei, 5625): As Jews observe Rosh Hashanah, Jews serving with General Sherman enjoy a respite from combat as they prepare for the March to the Sea which will begin next month. 

1865: “The Jewish Day of Atonement” published today  in the New York Times  reported that “The Jewish Day of Atonement -- Yom Kippur -- which ended at sunset on Saturday, is one of the most important and generally respected of the fasts prescribed for observance among the Israelites. The origin and institution of the fast is to be found in Leviticus XVI: "And it shall be unto you a statute forever; in the seventh month, on the 10th of the mouth, you shall afflict your souls and do no work at all; the denizen as well as the stranger that sojourneth amongst you for on that day shall ye be atoned for to purify you; from all your sins before the Lord shall ye be purified. The first amongst your Sabbaths shall this day be among you, and ye shall afflict your souls. And this shall be an everlasting statute unto you, to make an atonement for all the children of Israel from all their sins once a year." And again, in Leviticus XXIII: "And the Lord spoke unto Moses, saying, speak unto the children of Israel, and say, also on the 10th day in this seventh month is the day of atonement; it shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall afflict your souls and offer a burnt-offering unto the Lord. And ye shall do no work in that same day, for it is a day of atonement, to atone for you before the Lord your God. And every one that shall not be afflicted on that same day he shall be cut off from among his people. And every soul that does any work on that same day, that soul will I destroy from among his people. You shall do no manner of work. This is a statute forever until all your generations and throughout all your dwellings. It shall be unto you the first amongst your Sabbaths, and ye shall afflict your souls; on the 9th day of the month (Visbri,) at even, shall ye afflict your souls; from even to even shall ye celebrate your Sabbath." When the Israelites were still a nation, this day was observed with the most imposing ceremonies. It was the only day throughout the year on which even the high priest presumed to enter the holy of holies, or to pronounce the name of the Deity, which at any other time it was unlawful even for him to utter. The glories of this day, while it was still celebrated in the place "which the Lord had chosen there to enthrone his name," are, in these modern times, commemorated in the afternoon service at the synagogue. At present the day is observed with no less fervor than of old, and the Jews throughout the world, however heedless of the precepts of their religion they may be occasionally, are all mindful of those which enjoin them to repent for the sins of the past on the Yom Kippur. At sunset the twenty-four hours' fast and continued prayers commenced, the service consisting chiefly of confessions of sin and utter unworthiness. It is customary in the evening for parents to bestow their benediction on their children. Whosoever meet on the day, be they previously acquainted or complete strangers, are commanded to salute each other with brotherly love and sincerity. If any quarrel exists between two Jews it is obligatory on them to become reconciled. He who is conscious of haying wronged his neighbor is bound to offer reparation. The law which ordains the observance of the day likewise commands the Jew to afflict his soul, which affliction, according to tradition, consists in abstaining from five indulgences -- eating and drinking, bathing, perfuming, wearing shoes and sharing the sensual pleasures. Yesterday the synagogues and many temporary places of worship were thronged with devout Israelites offering up their supplications, confessing their sins and imploring pardon.

1866: In New York, Rosa and James (Jacob) Seligman gave birth to Angeline Seligman.

1867(2ndof Tishrei, 5628): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1867:Karl Marx publishes the first volume of his famous work, Das Kapital, Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Capital: Critique of Political Economy).

1869: In Brooklyn, Congregation Beth Jacob was formally incorporated

1869:Abraham Hoffman began serving as Chazan of the Baltimore Hebrew Congregation at the corner of Lloyd and Watson Streets which is known as the Lloyd Street Synagogue.

1870: As Italians prepare to vote on a plebiscite that will effectively create a modern kingdom of Italy under the constitutional rule of Victor Emmanuel, it was reported today that the Italian papers have published an address from the Jews of Rome to Victor Emmanuel expressing their joy at being released from Papal rule.  The Jews had supported and fought for the unification of Italy.  With the creation of the modern state of Italy, the Jews would go from some of the most oppressed people in Europe to being full citizens of a modern, liberal society.

1871(16thof Tishrei, 5632): Second Day of Sukkoth

1873(10thof Tishrei, 5634): As Jews observe Yom Kippur, the New York Stock Exchange reopens having closed temporarily on September 20 during the Panic of 1873

1875(2nd of Tishrei, 5636): Rosh Hashanah

1876: “An Autumn Festival,” published today reported that “the Jewish festival of Sukkoth or tabernacles commences tomorrow evening at sunset and last for seven days.  This detailed piece of reporting goes on to quote from the 23rd chapter of Leviticus so that the reader will understand the origin of the festival.  The article gives a detailed description of the Lulav and Etrog as well as providing information about “the Azereth or concluding feast” and Simchat Torah which “is kept for the purpose of rejoicing over the conclusion of the reading of the Pentateuch, which is divided into weekly sections and gone through once every year.

1876:  “Mr. Huxley and the Bible” published today attempts to find harmony between the Jewish story of creation and the view of modern science.  The author finds the Jewish account to be immeasurably superior to any other version including the Persian and the Greeks.  In their versions, creation is the produce of superstitious gods and struggling spirits.  “The Hebrew narrative gives us the sublime truths of the whole present order of things have sprung from an intelligent and supreme will. The Jewish story of creation is about bringing order out of chaos which is consistent with the latest scientific thought.  The “visions or pictures in the narrative of Moses are…not intended to be” taken “literally” but are to be viewed as a dramatic and poetic description of events.

1877: The Berliner Zeitung, a newspaper known as B.Z founded today was bought by Jewish published Leopold Ullstein.

1883: “Poverty, Wealth and Morals” an article published today that sought to described causes other than economics that produce crime reported that  “the Western Jews, who for generations have sought in personal luxury indemnification for the humiliations, are as strong, as active, as healthy as ever they were, and decidedly brighter-witted than they were in Palestine.”

1883: Among the charities that received excise moneys from the Board of Estimate and Apportionment today were the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society ($1,997.43) and Ladies’ Deborah Nursery and Child’s Protectory ($1,980.00), a small fraction of the $34,398.39 that was disbursed to all charities.

1883(29th of Elul, 5643): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1883(29th of Elul, 5643): A small group of Sephardic Jews met today and decided that there was need for a second synagogue to meet the needs of New York’s Spanish-Portuguese community.

1883: “The Jewish New Year” published today described events related to the celebration of Rosh Hashanah and its connection to the upcoming observance of Yom Kippur.  “At sunset this evening the Jewish community will begin the celebration of the festival of Rosh Hashanah or the New Year.  The coming year will be known as 5644 in the Jewish calendar, beginning on the first day of the month of Tishri.” (What makes this article significant is that it appeared in the secular, and the not the Jewish, press.)

1884: A hearing was to be held today regarding charges that three Jews – Lawrence Braham, Hyam Friewald and Benjamin Levy - had assaulted a policeman named Samuel Murphy while they were walking in Central Park on the afternoon of Yom Kippur.

1885: Birthdate of poet and critic Louis Untermeyer.Untermeyer was one of the earliest American foes of Hitler. Just weeks after Hitler assumed power on January 30, 1933, a patchwork of competing Jewish forces, led by American Jewish Congress president Rabbi Stephen Wise, civil rights crusader Louis Untermeyer, and the combative Jewish War Veterans, initiated a highly effective boycott of German goods and services. Each advanced the boycott in its own way, but sought to build a united anti-Nazi coalition that could deliver an economic deathblow to the Nazi party, which had based its political ascent almost entirely on promises to rebuild the strapped German economy.

1885(22ndof Tishrei, 5646) Shmini Atzeret

1885: In addition to the services being held as part of “The Feast of Tabernacles” congregants at Temple Beth-El in New York participated in a memorial service for the last Sir Moses Montefiore.  Dr. Kaufmann Kohler delivered a eulogy in German which praised the many virtues of the great Jewish philanthropist and humanitarian.

1885: Eighty-four year old Anthony Ashley Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury, “an early proponent of the Restoration of the Jews to the Holy Land” who in 1841 “provided the first proposal by a major politician to resettle Jews in Palestine.”

1885: During the year ending today, the United Hebrew Charities of the City of New York, “the Executive Committee held 39 meetings, acted upon 2,615 new applications for aid and 2,377 cases for investigation.”

1887: Annie Lee, a little girl who is claimed by a Jewish family and an African-American family is under the care of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children per the order of Justice White who has said the matter is one that will have to be settled by the state Supreme Court.

1889: “Practical Education” published today described “the excellent work done by the Hebrew Technical Institute” which was founded in November, 1883 and is currently being led by Professor Henry M. Leipziger who is the Director and Chief of Faculty.

1889: “A Great Hebrew Fair” published today described plans that are being made for a fundraiser sponsored by the People’s Free School Association, the Aguilar Free Library Society and the Young Men’s and Young Women’s Hebrew Associations that will be held during the last half of December.  The sponsors hope to raise between $150,000 and $200,000 which will be used to erect a facility on the Lower East Side which will be used by the Aguilar Library.

1889: “The Practical Education” published today praised the Hebrew Technical Institute led by Professor Henry M. Leipziger as being “one of the most conspicuous exemplars of the progressive idea in education” to be found in New York City  (more info for next year)

1889: “His Sons-In-Law Worried Him” published today included the last wishes of Leopold Newland, a Polish Jew, that Nathan Mauric and Samuel Unger, his sons-in-law, not be allowed his funeral.

1890: “The newly-completed Hebrew Sanitarium at Rockaway Park was destroyed by fire early this morning.”

1891: Stanford University opened its doors for the first time. Currently, students at Stanford may major or minor in Jewish Studies. There are approximately 655 Jewish students among the 6555 undergraduates and 1,800 students among the 12,000 graduate students. Stanford is also home to the Rohr Chabad House and the TaubeCenter for Jewish Studies.

1891: “A case of diphtheria was discovered today at the Hebrew Orphan Asylum and Dr. Cyrus Edison sent the patient to the Willard Parker Hospital.”

1891: Jacob H. Schiff presided over the banquet tonight at Delmonico’s given in honor of Jesse Seligman by the officers of several  New York “Hebrew charitable institutions” and the trustees of Temple Emanu-El withLewis May serving as Toastmaster

1891: As of today Herman Faust will no longer receive a salary from the synagogue in Poughkeepsie having been relieved as the congregation’s rabbi because of “gross breaches of discipline.”

1891: Starting today the United Hebrew Charities began providing work for from sixty to eighty families “with work at distance mills.”  Manufacturers provide the charity with job listings and the charity fills the work orders

1892(10thof Tishrei, 5653): Yom Kippur

1892: The University of Chicago holds it first classes

1892: A fight took place today a group of peddlers at the corner of Hester and Ludlow Streets during Louis Krabitz, a Russian Jew was taken to Governor’s Hospital after having fallen unconscious when he was kicked in the abdomen.

1893: As of today there were the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society was providing a home for 437 boys and 352 girls, an increase of 84 from the total from a year ago while providing various services for a total of 2,339 children.

1893: “The Thalia Theatre was crowded this afternoon with members of the United Hebrew Trades who had come to hear the report of Abraham Cahan who had been their delegate to the recent International Labor Congress in Zurich, Switzerland.”

1893: “Depend on Good Candidates” published today provided an analysis of the upcoming election in Cleveland, OH, including the fact that the Democrats have nominated “ Rabbi Hahn, a Hebrew of great ability and popularity whose election” to the state legislature “is practically assured” and the failure of the Republicans to nominate any Jews as candidates for the state legislature.

1893: “Rector Ahlwardt About to Serve his Sentence In Prison” published today described the upcoming imprisonment of the famous anti-Semite following his conviction for libeling Loewe & Co, the Jewish owned company that manufactures rifles for the Army.

1893: It was reported today that a Congress of North German Anti-Semites adopted a platform that included a proposal forbidding Jews from employing German servants.

1893: Between today and March 1 of 1894, the United Hebrew Charities would receive over 18,000 applications for relief representing 50,440 people.

1892(10thof Tishrei, 5653): Yom Kippur

1892(10thof Tishrei, 5653): In Cleveland, Ohio, a congregation of Russian Jews hold services in the assembly room of the new Young Men’s Christian Association Building having decided that the crosses on the façade do not interfere with the Jewish ceremonials or sensitivities.

1894(1stof Tishrei, 5655): Rosh Hashanah

1894: “Now the Period of Rosh Hashanah” published today described the ceremonials connected with the holiday as well as the seemingly miraculous rescue of Louis Berghold who nearly drowned when he went to the bathhouse at 23 Orchard Street where he had gone to bathe prior to the holiday in keeping with “the Jewish custom of the New Year.”

1894: Council No 11 of the National Council of Jewish Women was formed in St. Paul, MN with 35 members.

1894: Rabbi De Sola Mendes is scheduled to deliver a special sermon at Congregation Shaarai Tephilla’s new sanctuary.

1894: Captain Drefyus began serving with the 39th Regiment of the Line in Paris.

1895: Following the removal of the religious disabilities by the Hungarian Reichstag the first bride to marry under the law is the daughter of Deputy Mezel.

1895: In New York City, Paul Warburg married Nina J. Loeb, daughter of Solomon Loeb, found of Kuhn, Loeb & Company.  The couple would have two children, James Paul Warburg and Dr. Bettina Warburg.

1896: As of today, there was a balance of $42.90 in the treasury of the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society.

1896: On Long Island, Robert Morse and Cambridge Livingston were arraigned today after having been charged by Samuel Burnstein, a Jewish dry goods peddler, with stealing and abusing his horse.

1897: As of today, the Sanitarium for Hebrew Children of the City of New York, has provided 35 summer excursions during 1897 and that from June 1 of this year through today, the agency has provided service to 684 people including “93 mothers with nursing infants and 591 children.”

1898(15th of Tishrei, 5659): Sukkoth

1898:  Czar Nicholas II expelled the Jews from several major Russian cities.  Seven thousand Jews were forced to leave Kiev.  This was part of the Russian policy to destroy the Jewish population through forced conversion, immigration and death.

1898: In Amsterdam, Herzl receives a call to the German consulate. Wilhelm II is inclined to take the migration of the Jews under his protection. He also wishes to receive Herzl at the head of a delegation in Jerusalem.

1899: Irene Carver of Baltimore, MD wrote to the New York Times expressing her concerns about Israel Zangwill’s “Children of the Ghetto” which she said should have been called “The Strange Story of a Strange People.”

1901: Approximately 1,000,000 British Pounds are being transferred to the British Government in connection with the estate duty of the late Baron Hirsch.

1903(10thof Tishrei, 5664): Yom Kippur

1903: The National League Pennant winning Pittsburgh Pirates and the American League Pennant winning Boston Americans play the first game of the first World Series. The World Series was the brainchild of Barney Dreyfus, a German born Jew who came to the United States in 1881.  Dreyfus settled in Kentucky where he became President of the Louisville Colonels of the National League.  The Louisville team was dropped from the National League in 1899 and Dreyfus became part owner and President of the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1900.  Under his guidance the Pirates won three straight National League Championships.  During the 1903 season, Dreyfus met with the owner of the American League leading Boston Americans and proposed that the two teams meet at the end of the season.  The two shook hands and, despite opposition from National League owners, the two teams met in a best of nine series starting on October 1.  The Boston team won the first series, five games to three.  But the Pittsburgh players made more money.  The Boston team received 75 percent of the AL revenues with the rest going to the team owner.  But Dreyfus gave his team 100 percent of the NL revenues, keeping nothing for himself.  Dreyfus is also the man who built Forbes Field, the Pirates historic baseball park and he helped create the office of the Commissioner of Baseball.

1903: Birthdate of "Slapsie" Maxie Rosenbloom.  Born in New York City, Rosenbloom was light-heavyweight box champ from 1932 to 1934.  This was the Golden Age for Jewish prizefighters.

1904(22nd of Tishrei, 5665): Shemini Atzeretz

1904: Birthdate of Vladimir Horowitz. The Russian-born pianist was considered one of the most accomplished players of the 20th century. He is one in a long line of world-class Jewish pianists.  He passed away in 1989.

1904: Birthdate of Austrian-born English physicist Otto Robert Frisch. In 1938 he and Lise Meitner were the first to describe fission of uranium after bombardment by neutrons. During World War II Frisch was part of the British delegation to the Manhattan Project, working as head of the Critical Assembly Group. He returned to England to direct the physics department at the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge. He died in 1979, one of the many Jewish scientist who fled the Nazis and enriched the West.

1907(23rd of Tishrei, 5668): Simchat Torah

1910: Birthdate of Rabbi Chiam Pinchas Scheinberg,

1910: “The season of the German stock company at the Irving Place Theatre” in New York opened tonight “with the performance for the first time on any stage of a melodramatic tragedy in three acts by Paule Heyse” the German-Jewish “novelist and poet, entitled “The Veiled Statue at Sais.”  Heyse was the first Jew to win the Nobel Prize for Literature which he won in 1910.

1911(9thof Tishrei, 5672): Erev Yom Kippur

1911: Mr. and Mrs. Joseph L. Seligman, who have been spending “their honeymoon in the West”, are scheduled to take up residence at 16 East 81st Street today in New York City.  The bride is the former Josephine Knowles of Pensacola, Fl.

1913: Birthdate of Yisrael Barzilai, the Polish native who made Aliyah in 1934 and became active in politics serving as an MK and Cabinet Minister.

1913: In Brooklyn, Morris and Pauline Rangell gave birth to Dr. Leo Rangell, a leading psychoanalyst during the heyday of classical Freudian talk therapy in the 1960s and ’70s, and a relentless advocate for the slow approach to treating emotional distress even as antidepressants and managed care made short-term treatment the norm´ (As reported by Paul Vitello)

1914: Birthdate of author Daniel Boorstin.  Boorstin wrote The Americas: The Democratic Experiencefor which he won the 1974 Pulitzer Prize.

1915(23rdof Tishrei, 5676): Simchat Torah

1915: The Jewish Chronicle reported that Private Abraham Lippman of the Zion Mule Corps “was in the 3rd  Northern General Hospital in Sheffield suffering from an eye wound where he was met by British Army Jewish Chaplain Rabbi Barnett I. Cohen. (Jewish Virtual Library).

1917(15thof Tishrei, 5678): Sukkoth

1918: During World War I, Arab forces under T. E. Lawrence (a/k/a "Lawrence of Arabia") capture Damascus. The Arabs had the mistaken notion that capture of Damascus would result in the recreation of the Caliphate located in the Syrian city.  The British and French had other plans – plans that would help to destabilize the region that reverberate into the 21st century with the violence in Iraq, Lebanon and, of course Syria.  This is another example of regional confrontation that had, and has, nothing to with the Jews, Zionism or Israel. (In reality, it was the forces under Allenby, including the Jewish Legion that responsible for the victory)

1919: Alexander Berkman was released from Atlanta Federal Penitentiary after having served the maximum sentence following his conviction for violation the Espionage Act of 1917 for his role in trying to dissuade Americans from registering for the Draft in World War I.

1920: Birthdate of actor Walter Matthau.  Born in New York City, Matthau gained fame in a variety of roles the most famous which was as Oscar Madison in "The Odd Couple."

1924: Birthdate of President Jimmy Carter. President Carter brokered the Camp David agreements that led to the historic peace treaty between Israel and Egypt. In the 21st century he openly allied himself with the Palestinians in a book whose title equated Israelwith the former white supremacist regime of South Africa. 

1924: Birthdate of Herbert Breslin, the Bronx native who used his skills as a publicist to promote tenor Luciano Pavarotti to the status of “superstar.” (As reported by Daniel J. Wakin)

1926(23rdof Tishrei, 5678): Simchat Torah

1930(9thof Tishrei, 5691): Erev Yom Kippur

1930: Birthdate of Samuel Winfield Lewis, the native of Houston whose distinguished diplomatic career included serving as U.S. Ambassador to Israel from 1977 to 1985.

1930: The Passfield White Paper, dated as of today, recommended limiting Jewish immigration to Palestine following the Arab riots of 1929.

1932: Herbert Samuel completed his service as Home Secretary under Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald.

1934: Paul Guilluame, the art critic who was the first to champion the work of Italian-Jewish painter Modigliani passed away.

1936(15thof Tishrei, 5697): Sukkoth

1937: The Palestine Post reported on the festive opening of the new Haifa-Hadera-Tel Aviv-Jaffa highway, an achievement described as a "remarkable engineering feat" and "a grand step in the development of the country."

1937: The Palestine Post reported that according to some moderate Arab sources, it was the well-known band of Sheikh Izzadin Kassam which was responsible for the murder of Mr. L.Y. Andrews, the District Commissioner for Galilee, and of his driver, Constable Peter Robertson. This terrorist group, known as having committed many murders before, shot and killed Andrews and Robertson as they were about to enter the Anglican Church in Nazareth.

1937: The Palestine Post reported that according to some Londonnewspapers, the British and French diplomats in Geneva discussed the possibility of Jewish settlement in

1938: The Polish government revoked the passports of all Jews who have lived outside of Poland for more than five years, rendering them stateless.

1938: According to Claretta Petacci, today Mussolini said that "Hitler is a big softy, deep down." Petacci was Il Duce’s mistress.

1938: Civiltá Cattolica, the foremost Jesuit journal, which is published in Rome and controlled by the Vatican, calls Judaism sinister and accuses Jews of trying to control the world through money and secularism. The journal says that the devil is the Jews' master; Judaism is evil and "a standing menace to the world."

1939: In Vienna, Austria, Übersiedlungsaktion(Resettlement action) is instituted against able-bodied Jewish men. These Jews are deported to Polandfor forced labor

1939: Nazis begin the internment of Polish "mental defectives" in the Polish village of Piasnica.

1940: The Nazis deport 6500 Jews from Germany's Palatinate, Baden, and Saarregions to internment camps at the foot of the French Pyrenees.

1940: Jews are forced to pay for and build a wall around the Warsaw (Poland) Ghetto

1940: Reich theoretician Alfred Rosenberg writes an article, "Jews to Madagascar," which suggests mass deportation of Jews to the island off the African coast.

1940: German authorities forbid Norwegian Jews to teach and participate in other professions.

1940: Young Jewish men return from the Belzec, Poland, camp to Szczebrzeszyn, Poland, after a ransom of 20,000 zlotys is paid to Nazi captors.

1941(10 Tishrei, 5702): Yom Kippur

1941: On this Jewish Day of Atonement, Jews are taken from the ghetto at Podborodz, Ukraine, and killed.

1941: Majdanek, a concentration outside of Lublin, Poland began operating today. During its 34 months of operation at least 59,000 Jews were murdered there.

1941(10 Tishrei, 5702): At Zalgar, the Nazis killed 633 men, 1,017 women, 496 children.

1941(10 Tishrei, 5702): At Butrimantz,Lithuania the Nazis murdered 976 Jews in front of Lithuanian crowds seated on benches for "a good view." For more on the destruction of this Lithuanian Shtetl see, If I Forget Thee: The Destruction of the Shtetl Butrimantz (Butrimonys, Lithuania.The Nazis sent 3,000 more Jews from Vilna to Ponar where they would all be shot.

1941: The German government prohibits further Jewish emigration from Germany

1941: At the Auschwitz camp, SS officer Arthur Johann Breitwieser takes note when a comrade is rendered unconscious after accidental exposure to a disinfectant called Zyklon B. A gaseous variant of the compound will eventually be used to kill millions of Jews.

1941(10 Tishrei, 5702): Einsatzgruppen members gather Jews of the Baltic port of Libau and machine-gun them at the local naval base.

1941(10 Tishrei, 5702): Germans drown 30 Jewish children in clay pits near Okopowa Street in the Warsaw Ghetto.

1941: Seventy children in the Warsaw Ghetto are found frozen to death outside destroyed houses following the season's first snowfall.

1941: From this date until 12/22/41, the German murder 33,500 Jews in Vilna, Lithuania.

1942: Jews are deported to Auschwitz from Holland and Belgium; to the Treblinka death camp from central Poland and the Theresienstadt, Czechoslovakiacamp/ghetto; and to the Belzec death camp from the Eastern Galicia region of Poland.

1942: The Nazis opened Chelmek as a labor camp. The Jews there and elsewhere were  used as slave labor for the German war effort.

1942: Nazis deported 4000 Jews from Lukow, a town near Lublinin Poland.

1942: The Nazis deported 2,000 Jews from Czechoslovakia.

1942: At Novogrudok, Belorussia, 50 Jews escape from the Germans and join local resistance led by Tuvia Bielski

1942: As 3000 Jews are arrested at Pinczów, Poland, Jewish resistance is led by Michael Majtek and Zalman Fajnsztat

1942: Five thousand Jews are deported from Zawichost, Polandto Belzec

1942: The British Vatican Ambassador Francis d'Arcy Osborne writes in his diary that Pope Pius XII only occasionally denounces moral crimes. But such rare and vague declarations "do not have...lasting force and validity." Osborne points out that the Pope's "policy of silence in regard to such offences against the conscience of the world must necessarily involve a renunciation of moral leadership."

1942(20th of Tishrei, 5703): At a small labor camp at Budy, Poland, female German non-Jewish prisoners beat, mutilate, and kill dozens of captive Jewish women. When the massacre is over, Auschwitzcommandant Rudolf Höss inspects the scene

1942: The Chelmek slave-labor camp, located in Poland near Auschwitz-Birkenau, opens to house Jews draining swamps to provide water to the nearby Bata shoe factory.

1942(20th of Tishrei, 5703):In Luków, Poland, Jewish Council member David Lieberman is told by German authorities that money he has collected to ransom Lublin's Jews is useless, and deportations will continue, whereupon Lieberman tears the money to pieces and slaps the German official in the face. Ukrainian guards kill Lieberman immediately, and 4000 of the Jews Lieberman had hoped to protect are deported to the Treblinka extermination camp, where they are gassed.

1942: Hundreds of Jews escape the Ukrainian town of Lubomlbut are quickly hunted down. In all, some 10,000 of the town's Jews are killed.

1943(2nd of Tishrei, 5704): Second day of Rosh Hashanah

1943: In Manhattan Gertrude Levy and Joseph Slater gave birth to “Robert Slater, a journalist and the author of more than two dozen books, including biographies of figures as diverse as the Israeli leader Golda Meir, the businessman Jack Welch and the billionaire and philanthropist George Soros.” (As reported by William Yardley)

1943: SS chief Heinrich Himmler delivers a speech at a "Final Solution" conference.

1943: The Jewish ghetto at Chernovtsy, Romania, is liquidated

1943(2nd of Tishrei, 5704): Just before their murders, several Jewish women use their bare hands to attack SS troops at Auschwitz.

1944(14th of Tishrei, 5705): Erev Sukkot

1944: Three years after they began, the final transport of Jews left Cologne for Theresienstadt today.

1944: The Germans initiate death marches of prisoners from Auschwitz to camps in Germany, including Dachau, Bergen-Belsen, and Sachsenhausen.

1944 About 15,000 Jews are deported from the Theresienstadt, Czechoslovakia, camp/ghetto to Auschwitz.

1944(14th of Tishrei, 5705): At the Stutthof, Germany, concentration camp, executions of Jewish prisoners begin. Initial killings are carried out by assembling inmates with their backs to an infirmary wall with the stated purpose of medical examinations. Slits in the wall behind the heads of each inmate allow a pistol shot to be fired into their brains from the adjoining room

1944: Some 150 twins, most of them children, remain in Dr. Mengele's medical block at Auschwitz-Birkenau.

1944(14th of Tishrei, 5705): The Nazis gassed 1,000 more Jews from Theresinstadt at Birkenau.

1945(24th of Tishrei, 5706): At Boleslawiec, Poland, eight Jews are murdered by an anti-Semitic Polish underground group. Yes, this happened five months after the end of World War II.

1945: David Ben-Gurion decided “launch an armed struggle against the British which resulted in the Palmach joining The Hebrew Resistance Movement.

1945: Birthdate of Rod Carew. 

1946: Today, Mrs. Belle J. Goldstein, national president of the Mizrachi Women’s Organization of America, described the conditions in Palestine following her four month visit to Eretz Israel where she took special pains to inspect the 45 child care facilities supported by Mizrachi.  She compared conditions in Palestine to those in Ireland.  She described the curfews which would come without warning leaving families without such basics as bread and milk.  She reiterated the fact that Mizrach did not condone the actions of the Stern Gang or the Irgun, she reported that most of the Yishuv was actively or passively a supporter of the Haganah.

1947: “Six British destroyers raced out of Haifa today to intercept” two ships carrying over three thousand Jewish refuges that have passed through Dardanelles and according to RAF patrols are somewhere between Cyprus and northern Palestine.  Just in case that a half dozen modern British warships were unable to cope with the threat posed by these two vessels, 3 more destroyers were standing by in Haifa should they be needed

1948: A National Palestinian Council meeting in Gaza elected the Mufti as its president and declared itself to be the provisional government of “All Palestine.”  Trans-Jordan’s King Abdullah immediately denounced the All-Palestinian government which he declared would not be allowed jurisdiction of the areas under the control of the Arab Legion i.e. the West Bank and the Old City of Jerusalem.

1949:In Waterbury, CT, Marilyn Edith, née Heit and Air Force Lt. Col. Samuel Leibovitz gave birth to Anna-Lou Leibovitz, who gained famed as photographer Annie Leibovitz.

 
1950: During the Maccabiah, competition opens in Haifa for various aquatic events including swimming, diving and water polo.

1950: In an article entitled “Land of a Determined People,” famed correspondent and author Quentin Reynolds reviews Watch For the Morning by Thomas Sugrue.  According to Reynolds, 24th of Tishrei, 5706is not only the latest book to be published describing Israel, “but well may be the best book yet published on the new state.  It is certainly the most exciting and most interesting.”

1951(1stof Tishrei, 5712): As U.S. forces slug it out on the Korean peninsula, Jews observe Rosh Hashanah

1955(15thof Tishrei, 5716): Sukkoth

1956(26th of Tishrei, 5717):Albert Von Tilzer passed away in Los Angeles.  Born in 1878, he was an American songwriter, the younger brother of fellow songwriter Harry Von Tilzer. He wrote the music to many hit songs, including, most notably, "Take Me Out To The Ball Game".He was born Albert Gumm, in Indianapolis, Indiana; his last name had been shortened by his parents from Gumbinski, or possibly Guminski. As a young man he worked briefly at his older brother Harry Von Tilzer's publishing company, and Albert's earliest songs were published by Harry. Within a very few years Albert formed his own firm, The York Publishing Company, and there appears to have been no further collaboration between Albert and Harry Von Tilzer, although both of them wrote and published many hundreds of songs. Tilzer was Albert and Harry's mother's maiden name. When oldest brother Harry began his song writing career he assumed the professional name Von Tilzer, adding the honorific "Von" to his mother's maiden name. Albert followed suit, as did younger brothers Will and Jules Von Tilzer, both of whom were also active in the music industry. Von Tilzer was a top Tin Pan Alley tune writer, producing numerous popular music compositions from 1900 continuing through the early fifties. He collaborated with many lyricists, including Jack Norworth, Lew Brown, and Harry MacPherson. A number of his tunes were performed (and recorded) by jazz bands and continue to be played decades later. His songs included "The Alcoholic Blues", "Apple Blossom Time", "Chili Bean", "Dapper Dan", "Honey Boy", "I May Be Gone for a Long, Long Time", "I'm Glad I'm Married", "I'm the Lonesomest Gal in Town", "The Moon Has His Eye On You", "My Cutie's Due at Two-to-Two", "My Little Girl", "Oh By Jingo!", "Oh How She Could Yacki- Hacki, Wicki-Wacki, Woo", "Put on Your Slippers and Fill Up Your Pipe, You're Not Going Bye-Bye Tonight", "Put Your Arms Around Me Honey", "Roll Along, Prairie Moon", "Take Me Out To The Ball Game", "Wait Till You Get Them Up in the Air, Boys", and hundreds of others.

1956: The Israeli delegation returned from France following highly secret negotiations on how to deal with the threat posed by President Nasser of Egypt.

1956: “The Diary of Anne Frank” “opened simultaneously in seven German cities.”

1957: Today marked the publication of the first of a 12 part series written by Alexander Bittlement for The Worker that described the liberalizing process that was taking place in the Communist Party in the wake of the exposure of Stalin’s excesses and the Hungarian Revolution.

1960(10th of Tishrei, 5721): Yom Kippur

1960: U.S. and Greek premiere of “Never on a Sunday,” written and directed by Jules Dassin who also co-starred in the film.

1960: “Camelot,” the Lerner and Loewe musical “premiered in Toronto at the O’Keefe Center where it disastrously ran for over four hours instead of the expected two hours.

1962: U.S. premier of “A Kind of Loving” directed John Schlesinger.

1962: “Little Annie Fanny,” a comic series created by Harvey Kurtzman and Will Elder that debuted in Playboy.

1962: Barbra Streisand signs her 1st recording contract with Columbia Record Company

1962: Brian Epstein signs a contract to manage the Beatles through 1977.

1962: “I Can Get It for You Wholesale,” a musical with music and lyrics by Harold Rome and a book by Jerome Weidman starring Elliott Gould featuring Lillian Roth and Barbra Streisand as “Miss Marmelstein” transferred from the Shubert Theatre to the Broadway Theatre.

1964: The Free Speech Movement is launched on the campus of University of California, Berkeley.  Among the movement’s leaders were several Jews including Suzanne Goldberg, Bettina Aptheker and Jackie Goldberg

1966: Birthdate of actress and model Cindy Margolis.  And you thought I only knew about dead rabbis, old authors and antique actors.

1967: In Toronto, the cornerstone was laid to the expansion project at Shaar Hashomayim. The synagogue, which had been designed to serve 300 families, was now serving 1,750 families which necessitated the building project.

1968(9thof Tishrei, 5629): Erev Yom Kippur

1970(1stof Tishrei, 5731): Rosh Hashanah

1971: Benjamin Marcus Priteca, the Glasgow born architect who designed  Chevra Bikur Cholim synagogue in 1912 which is now the Langston Hughes Performing Art Center, Seattle and The Alhadeff Sanctuary of Seattle's Temple De Hirsch Sinai,

1972(23rdof Tishrei, 5733): Simchat Torah

1972: “Follies ,”a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and a book by James Goldman was performed for the last time at the Schubert Theatre in Los Angeles.

1973: According to the Agranat Commission Lieutenant Benjamin Siman Yov, order of battle intelligence officer for the Southern Command gave his superior Lt Colonel Gadalia documents indicating Egypt's war preparations; a warning that the Commission said was ignored.

1973: The Egyptian and Syrian armies when on full alert today.  Israeli intelligence officers at the highest level ignored the potential significance of the move and did not respond with appropriate counter-measures.  This decision would have near catastrophic consequences five days later.

1985: President Ronald Reagan today announced his intention to nominate Richard Schifter to be Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs. He would succeed Elliott Abrams. Mr. Schifter is a partner in the law firm of Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver and Kampelman in Washington, DC.

1985: In what is known as “Operation Wooden Leg,” The Israeli air force bombs PLO Headquarters in Tunis in response the Yom Kippur hijacking of yacht off the coast of Cyprus and the cold-blooded murder of the three Israelis tourists on board.

1987:Their Majesties King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofia of Spain paid a visit to Sephardic Temple Tifereth Israel in Los Angeles in a secular event in their honor.

1989: General Colin Powell began serving as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. During Operation Desert Storm, Powell sent Patriot Batteries to Israel to thwart the Scud attacks from Iraq.  This was the first time that Israel had entrusted any part of her defense to another nation.  Israel did so not because she was unable to protect herself, but because the United States asked Israel to stay on the sidelines so as not to upset the coalition the Bush Administration had gathered to fight Iraq. 

1990: The UNESCO Courier publishes Manuel Osorio’s interview of Claude Levi-Strauss - French social anthropologist.

1991(23rd of Tishrei, 5752): Simchat Torah

1994: The City of Anchorage, Alaska honors Rabbi Harry L. Rosenfeld by proclaiming this “Rabbi Harry Rosenfeld Day.”

1997: The Red Tent by Anita Dimant is published. The novel examines Jewish history through feminist eyes, featuring Dinah, Jacob’s only daughter.  In the Bible Dinah is portrayed as a rape victim who is avenged by her brothers.

1999(21st of Tishrei, 5760): Hoshana Raba

1999(21stof Tishrei, 5760): Seventy five year old Willem Polak, the former mayor of Amsterdam, passed away today.

1999(21st of Tishrei, 5760): Ted Arison, an Israeli-American businessman who co-founded Norwegian Cruise Lines in 1966 with Knut Kloster and founded Carnival Cruise Lines in 1972, passed away. Born in Tel Aviv, Israel in 1924, he fought in the Jewish Brigade of the British Army during World War II. He moved to the United States in the early 1950s and created Carnival Cruise Lines in 1972 in which he made his fortune. Later, he established the National Foundation for Advancement in the Arts based in Miami. He brought professional basketball to South Florida with the forming of the Miami Heat in 1988, and established the philanthropic Arison Foundation in Israel and the United States. In 1990, he renounced his U.S. citizenship, in an effort to avoid U.S. Estate Taxes (and failed to meet the 10 years out of the United States rules on this matter, when he died in 1999) and returned to Israel and founded Arison Investments. In 1997 he headed a consortium that purchased the controlling share in Bank Hapoalim for more than $1 billion -- the largest privatization deal in Israel's history. His children include Micky Arison and Shari Arison.

2000:The New York Times included reviews of The Avengers by Richard Cohen and The Talmud and the Internet by Jonathan Rosen.

2000(2nd of Tishrei, 5761): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

2000: Arab Israelis took part in violent demonstrations aimed at showing their support for the Second Intifada

2001: Hamas took credit for today’s bombing in Talpiot, a neighborhood in Jersualem.

2002(25th of Tishrei, 5763): Walter Annenberg, publisher and philanthropist, passed away.

2002: “True Courage of One Who Had to Act” published today described the life of Necdet Kent, “a Turkish diplomat who risked his life to save Jews from Nazi concentration camps during World War II.”

2003: Charles Prince replaced Sanford Weill as the CEO of Citigroup.

2004(16th of Tishrei, 5765):  Second Day of Sukkoth

2004: Opening of the “exhibition ‘David Bomberg en Ronda’ at the Museo Joaquin Peinado in Ronda in Andalusia that showed work by Bomberg in the city and environment which he had celebrated in paintings and drawings in 1934-35 and 1954-47.

2005(27th of Elul, 5765): A marvelous day for the Jewish community in Cedar Rapids.  TempleJudah marked the last Shabbat of 5765 with Traditional Saturday morning services.  The Cedar Rapids Gazette carried three articles featuring Jewish topics. First, the question in the “God Squad” column began with “I don’t see why synagogues force people to have tickets for services at the High Holidays.”  Goldman and Hartman responded with a column about the need to provide financial support for religious institutions while assuring the questioner that nobody is turned away at the synagogue door because they cannot afford to pay.  Second, there was a story about Rabbi Peter Schweitzer donating his ten thousand item collection of Jewish memorabilia to the National Museum of American Jewish History.  Finally, there was a lengthy article about Kalman Feinberg winning the national Great Shofar Blast Off. 

2006: The New York Times book section features reviews of two books about I.F. Stone – All Governments Lie: The Life and Times of Rebel Journalist I.F. Stone by Myra MacPherson and The Best of I.F. Stone edited by Karl Weber.

2006: The Washington Post book section features reviews of Gonzo Judaism: A Bold Path for Renewing an Ancient Faith By Niles Elliot Goldstein and Holy Unexpected: My New Life as a Jewby Robin Chotzinoff

2006: A Lubavitcher hasid reportedly responded to a request from Yiddish scholar Itche Goldberg and help him put on Tefflin

2006(9th of Tishrei, 5767): Yom Kippur observance begins with Kol Nidre

2006: Over 100,000 people participated in the seventh annual “Yom Kippur for Everyone,” an event which brings an open and educational Yom Kippur service to community centers and schools throughout Israel.  The idea is to create a meaningful spiritual experience for those who avoid traditional religious services.

2007(19th of Tishrei, 5768): In Chevy Chase, Maryland,Israel Kugler, a leader of teachers’ and Jewish labor organizations, passed away at the age of 90. Kugler was president of the United Federation of College Teachers during the turbulent 1960s, and he won a reputation as an outspoken advocate for teachers’ rights. In 1965, the teachers’ union, under Kugler’s leadership, supported 31 professors who were dismissed from St. John’s University, a Catholic college in Queens, allegedly for demanding greater academic freedom. With Kugler’s encouragement, a number of St. John’s faculty members went on strike for a year and a half. In 1972, Kugler helped create the Professional Staff Congress, which today represents 20,000 faculty and staff members at the City University of New York. Kugler is survived by his wife, Helen; his sons, Philip of Silver Spring, Md., and Daniel of Washington; a sister, Frances Brill, who lives in Queens, and two grandsons. “He was a moral, spiritual and political compass,” said Philip Kugler in an interview with the Forward. “In addition to Little League and Boy Scouts, my father also brought me to march in New York City Labor Day parades, to picket lines, on a union bus to the historic 1963 March on Washington for civil rights.” Philip Kugler followed in his father’s footsteps, becoming a vice president of the American Federation of Teachers. Israel Kugler was born in Brooklyn on June 13, 1917, to Eastern European immigrant parents. He served in the Navy during World War II and was educated at City College and at New York University. In addition to his work as an organizer, he was a professor of social science in the CUNY system and author of the book “From Ladies to Women: The Organized Struggle for Women’s Rights in the Reconstruction Era.” Kugler’s parents were involved in the Workmen’s Circle/Arbeter Ring, which is the national Jewish labor organization, and Kugler’s own children were sent to Workmen’s Circle shules (part-time Yiddish schools). After he retired from teaching and organizing in 1980, Kugler was elected president of the Workmen’s Circle. He held the office for two terms, until 1984. Kugler was also active in other progressive Jewish organizations, serving as an officer of the Jewish Labor Committee and of the Forward Association, the not-for-profit holding company of this newspaper. “His strength was his passion for social justice, for labor,” said Robert Kaplan, director emeritus of the Workmen’s Circle. “He was a persistent fighter in every place he was. He always wanted to make sure that we stepped forward for labor, for the ordinary person.”

2007: U.S. News & World Report Magazine features a report on Judge Michael Mukasey, the Orthodox Jew President Bush nominated to U.S. Attorney General as being “a respected law-and-order man with a compassionate streak.”

2007: In a reminder of the connection between Jews and humor, Time Magazine featured a review Robert Klein: The HBO specials 1975-2005, a DVD that features “the groundbreaking, brainy, improve-based style that has influenced every stand-up [comedian] who has followed” in Klein’s trail-blazing footsteps.

2007: Vacationers visiting Charles Clore Park in Tel Aviv expressed their disgust with the filth they encountered much of which was cause people barbecuing, a practice that the municipality had banned. 

2007: Plaza Hotel owners Yitzhak Tshuva and the Elad Group paid $120,000 for the giant birthday cake that marked the 100th anniversary of the landmark New York hotel.  New York celebrity baker Ron Ben-Israel created the 3.5-meter-high, two-ton cake. Ben-Israel calls the Sohostudio where he works a "couture cake studio."
 
2008: Amy Goodman was named as a recipient of the 2008 Right Livelihood Award, often referred to as the "Alternative Nobel Prize"— the first journalist to be so honored. The Right Livelihood Award Foundation cited her work in "developing an innovative model of truly independent grassroots political journalism that brings to millions of people the alternative voices that are often excluded by the mainstream media."

2008(2nd of Tishrei, 5769): Second Day Rosh Hashanah

2008(2nd of Tishrei, 5769): One hundred nine year old Boris Yefimov, “a Russian cartoonist despised by Hitler and beloved by Stalin” passed away today. (As reported by Douglas Martin)

2008:Professor Sarah Stroumsa replaces Professor Haim D. Rabinowitch, as rector at Hebrew University. He has served in the position for the last seven years.

2008:In the evening, at the New York film festival, a screening of “Waltz with Bashir” directed by Ari Folman.

2008: Peter Salovey, is scheduled to become Provost at Yale.

2009:A.J. Jacobs discusses and signs his new book, "The Guinea Pig Diaries: My Life as an Experiment," at the Sixth & I Historic Synagogue, in Washington, D.C.

2009: The Columbus Jewish Federation holds its 2009 Annual Meeting and 2010 Annual Campaign Kickoff, an event that will feature the presentation of the Ben M. Mandelkorn Award for Distinguished Service & Therese Stern Kahn and William V. Kahn Young Leadership Award.

2010:Rick Sanchez, a daytime anchor at CNN, was fired today a day after telling a radio interviewer that Jon Stewart was a bigot and that “everybody that runs CNN is a lot like Stewart.” The latter comment was made shortly after Mr. Stewart’s faith, Judaism, was invoked.

2010(23rd of Tishrei, 5771): Simchat Torah

2010: “The World of Jewtopia” is scheduled to open in Charlotte, NC.

2012:A movie based on Zuckerberg and the founding years of Facebook, “The Social Network” was released today

2011: Under the new “summer clock” to be used in Israel, today should mark the end of daylight savings time.  But since October 1 falls on Shabbat, the winter clock should have begun on the day before. But since that was Rosh Hashanah, Daylight Savings time should come to an end on October 2.

2011(3rdof Tishrei, 5772): In Cedar Rapids, Iowa, guest chazzan Ilan Caplan is scheduled to lead Shabbat Shuvah services at the traditional minyan at Temple Judah

2011:Keren Ann Zeidel, an Israeli sound designer, singer, songwriter, is scheduled to perform at the City Winery in New York City.

2011: “President Obama was considering clemency, but I told him, ‘Over my dead body are we going to let him out before his time.’ If it were up to me, he would stay in jail for life,” U.S. Vice President Joe Biden was quoted as saying during a meeting with rabbis in Florida in a New York Times article published today.

2011: An Israeli air strike wounded three Palestinians in the northern Gaza Strip today, the Israeli military and Palestinian medical officials said. An Israeli military spokeswoman said the air strike targeted a militant squad that was preparing to launch rockets across the border into Israel.

2011(3rdof Tishrei, 5772): Eighty-five year old Sholom Rivikin “an Israeli-born American rabbi who was the last Chief Rabbi of St. Louis” passed away today.

2012(15thof Tishrei, 5773): Sukkoth

2012(15thof Tishrei, 5773): Ninety-five year old “Eric J. Hobsbawm, whose three-volume economic history of the rise of industrial capitalism established him as Britain’s pre-eminent Marxist historian” passed away today. (As reported by William Grimes)

2012(15thof Tishrei, 5773): Eight days before her 90th birthday, Joan Morgenthau Hirschhorn (Dr. Joan E. Morgenthau) passed away today.

2012(15thof Tishrei, 5773): Ninety-five year old “Irving Cohen, who was known as King Cupid of the Catskills for his canny ability to seat just the right nice Jewish boy next to just the right nice Jewish girl during his half-century as the maître d’ of the Concord Hotel” passed away today (As reported by Margalit Fox)

2012: The Brazilian adaptation of the Israeli hit "Be Tipul" premiered on GNT, under the title "Sessão de Terapia" ("Therapy Session").

2012(15thof Tishrei): Yarhrzeit of William “Bill” Schueller, beloved husband of Eleanor Schueller, father of Deb Levin and father-in-law of Mitchell Levin

2012(15thof Tishrei, 5773): Eighty-eight year old” Shlomo Venezia was one of the first Jews to climb out of the freight car when it came to the end of the line at the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp in Poland on April 11, 1944” passed away today. (As reported by Dennis Hevesi)

 
2012: It was reported today that “archaeologists working in Northern Israel's Nahal Me'arot, Unesco's most recently declared World Heritage Site, found evidence that the genealogical relatives lived side by side and perhaps even interbred, according to The London Times.

2012:Lorraine Lotzof Abramson, author, My Race:: A Jewish Girl Growing Up under Apartheid in South Africa  is scheduled to be interviewed on Channel 75 in NYC

2013:Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu plans to warn the international community to learn from its mistakes with North Korea and not to be fooled by Iran’s new conciliatory attitude toward its nuclear weapons program, when he speaks at the United Nations General Assembly in New York today (As reported by Tovah Lazaroff)

2013: The JCRC and the JCC GW are scheduled to host “Environmentalism as a Pathway to Peace: Israeli, Palestinian and Jordanian Hydro-politics.

2013(27thof Tishrei, 5774): Ninety-year old Israel Gutman, one of the Warsaw Ghetto fighters and editor in chief of the four volume Encyclopedia of the Holocaust passed away today. (As reported by Isabel Kershner)

 2013: The world can never cease its fight for justice and against racism, Finance Minister Yair Lapid told the Hungarian Parliament today, during a visit to participate in a conference called "Jewish Life and anti-Semitism in Contemporary Europe".(As reported by Lahav Harkov)

2014: “The historic Ellis Island hospital complex, through which many Jewish immigrants to the US passed in the first half of the 20th century, is scheduled open to the public today for the first time in 60 years. The complex of 29 unrestored buildings is located across the ferry slip from the fully-restored immigration museum.”(As reported by Collen Long)

2014:Dr. Peggy Pearlstein, former Head of the Hebraic section of the Library of Congress is scheduled to present “A Tale of Two Books: The Sarajevo Haggadah and the Washington Haggadah.”

2014: The Center for Jewish History is scheduled to host “Echoes of the Borscht Belt: Contemporary Photographs by Marisa Scheinfeld.”

2014: In London, the Wiener Library is scheduled to present a lecture by Roger Moorhouse, “The Devil's Alliance: Hitler's Pact with Stalin, 1939-1941.”

This Day, October 2, In Jewish History by Mitchell A. Levin

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October 2

825 BCE (22nd of Tishrei, 2936): According to traditionKing Solomon bid farewell to the Jewish people who had come to Jerusalem for a 14-day ceremony dedicating the Holy Temple (1-Kings 8:66). King David had brought the Ark of the Covenant up to Jerusalem's Mount Moriah, but as a warrior he was not permitted by God to erect the Temple. However, his son Solomon did so. The Temple was the most important site in Israel -- a spiritual magnet for the Jewish nation's yearnings. The magnificent structure took seven years to build, and stood for 410 years (aish)

322 BCE: The Greek philosopher Aristotle dies of indigestion.  (Is this what you get for eating traif?) Several Jewish philosophers and theologians would be influenced or be-deviled by Aristotelianism, not the least of whom would be Judah ha-Levi and Maimonides

1187: Sultan Saladin captured Jerusalem from the Crusaders.  While the Crusaders had held Jerusalem, they had barred Jews from living in the city.  Saladin allowed them to return.  Saladin’s physician was none other than Maimonides.

1535: French explorer Jacques Cartier discovers Montreal, Quebec. The French did not allow Jews to settle in Canada.  Jews were only able to settle in Montreal until after the British defeated the French in the 18th century.  In 1768, 12 families arrive in Montreal from New York marking the start of one of the most vibrant Jewish communities in North America.

1596(10thof Tishrei, 5357): Yom Kippur

1596: For the first time in the history of Amsterdam, sixteen “met together for worship” at the house of Don Samuel Palache, ambassador of the emperor of Morocco to the Netherlands.”

1656: Yom Kippur services were held for the first time in Amsterdam. Neighbors thinking they were secret Catholics reported them to the authorities and the leaders were arrested. Once it was explained that they were secret Jews rather then Papists, they were let alone and the leaders released.  The oldest synagogue in Amsterdam (possibly all of Western Europe) is “The Great Synagogue” built in 1671.  According to historians, it was built so that Jews would not have to worship in clandestine places.

1724(Tishrei, 5485): Solomon Sasportas, son of Isaac Sasportas and grandson of Jacob Sasportas who had served as the Rabbi at Nice, France since 1690 passed away today.

1755: In Medfield, MA, Thomas Adams and Elizabeth Clark gave birth to Hannah Adams, “the first woman in the United States who” was a professional writer and whose works included a History of the Jews: From the Destruction of Jerusalem published in 1812 making it one of the earliest books written in the United States on this subject.

1777(1stof Tishrei, 5538): Rosh Hashanah

1780(3rd of Tishrei, 5541):Tzom Gedaliah

1780: Colonel David Salisbury Franks, the aid-de-camp to General Benedict Arnold was arrested on suspicion of treason following the exposure of the Arnold’s plot to betray the Americans and turn West Point over to the British. Franks was the son of Jacob Franks, a prominent Jewish Philadelphia (PA) family.  [You have to wonder if Colonel Franks was fasting on the day of his arrest.]

1783 (or 1784): In London, Jacob Israel Bernal and Leah da Silva gave birth to Ralph Bernal, who began as an actor, moved to Parliament and end up as president of the British Archaeological Society.  Along the way he converted (the price of success?)

1786(10thof Tishrei, 5547): Yom Kippur

1789: George Washington transmits the proposed Constitutional amendments (The United States Bill of Rights) to the States for ratification. The First Amendment had particular for the small America Jewish community and has loomed large for the growth of the modern Jewish community.  The Amendment opens with the following declaration “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof;” In other words, the government would not establish a state religion and at the same time, the citizens were free to practice whatever religion they individually chose.  This simple clause, one part of a single sentence, is the legal underpinning for the reality that has made the American Jewish community different than all of its predecessors.

1798: Birthdate King Charles Albert of Piedmont-Sardinia who promulgated the Codice Albertino “which made Piedmont the first Italian state to grant its Jewish citizens equal rights and allow them to enter the military.”

1826(1st of Tishrei, 5587): Rosh Hahsanah

1835(9th of Tishrei, 5596): Erev Yom Kippur

1835: The Texas Revolution begins with the Battle of Gonzales. Jews were active participants in the Texas fight for freedom including Dr. Albert Levy became a surgeon to revolutionary Texan forces in 1835.

1838: MP Frederick D. Goldsmid and his wife gave birth to Sir Julian Goldsmid.

1845(1stof Tishrei, 5605): Rosh Hashanah

1845: “Charles VI,” an opera composed by Fromental Halevy was performed for the first time in French at Brussels.

1847: In Posen, Prussian aristocrat Robert von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg and his wife Luise Schwickart gave birth to Paul von Hindenburg

1853: Austria adopted laws forbidding Jews from owning land

1854(10thof Tishrei, 5615): Yom Kippur

1856: The New York Times reported that “The Hebrew New Year’s Festival ended yesterday and the shops and stores of Jews re-opened today.The ‘Reformed Jews’ do not carefully observe the occasion."

1858: A funeral notice is published today inviting the members of the Hebrew Mutual Benefit Society to attend the funeral of Mrs. Raphall the wife of Rabbi Morris Raphall which will be held tomorrow at her residence.

1862: The Board of Alderman in NYC referred to the Committee on Sewers a petition on behalf of the Hebrew Benevolent Society to build a drain on 77th street between 4th and 5th Avenue.

1864:  "Prussia and Her Poles" published today described the trial of several Polish gentlemen from the Grand Duchy of Posen who have been charged with treason betrayed a strange admission about Germany's treatment of her Jews over the centuries.  Dr. Gueist, the defense attorney demanded of the court, "Where are the facts?"  And if there are no facts, then are these men being prosecuted for their thoughts and sentiments -- a mode of proceeding which would carry us back to the trials of the Jews in the dark ages." How strange to hear a German lawyer admit that the Jews had in fact been convicted of crimes when they were guilty of nothing else but being Jewish.

1866(23rd of Tishrei, 5627): Simchat Torah

1870: As part of the climax to the Risorgimento or Rebirth, the name given to the unification of Italy, the Italian government annexed Rome and the Papal States. Rome was  made the Italian capital.  Jews were active in the fight for the reunification of Italy.  Mazzini, Garibaldi and Cavour, the leaders of the movement believed in liberty for all Italians including their Jewish compatriots.

1870: “A deputation, of which Samuel Alatri (the leader of the Jewish community in Rome) was a member, handed over to King Victor Emmanuel the result of the plebiscite by which the inhabitants of the Papal Territories declared in favor of annexation to the Kingdom of Italy.

1871:  Birthdate of Cordell Hull.  Among his other accomplishments, Hull was Secretary of State during World War II and winner of the 1945 Nobel Peace Prize.  Hullwas not Jewish, but his wife Frances was described as being “half-Jewish.”  During the 1930’s when Hull entertained thoughts of following FDR to the White House, Hull’s opponents attacked him as a slave to Jewish interests.  Other critics contended that he was not as aggressive as he might have been in opening the gates of the U.S. to Jewish refugees because he feared attacks that he was a pawn of Jewish interests; that these Jewish interests had gotten us into the war; and that these charges would impair FDR’s plans to win the war.  Henry Morgenthau, who was Secretary of the Treasury at this time, was working to save the Jews of Europe.  At a meeting in 1943, he became so exasperated with Hull’s lack of action that he told him that if this were Germany, Hull would not be in the Cabinet Room.  Instead he would be in prison and who knew where his wife would be.  Hull remained unmoved.  The State Department, led by Breckinridge Long continued its policy of polite anti-Semitism and untold numbers of Jews perished who might have otherwise been saved.

1872(29thof Elul, 5632): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1872: Birthdate of Jacques Abady, the son of a stockbroker from Aleppo, who began his career as a gas engineer before being called to the bar.

1872: “Rosh Hashono” published today reported that “this evening the Hebrews throughout the globe will commence the celebration of their New Year festival.  With...the solitary exception of the Day of Atonement…the New Year is more strictly observed than any other of the periods set apart for religious observances in the Jewish calendar.”

1874(21st of Tishrei, 5635): Hoshanah Rabbah
 
1875(3rd of Tishrei, 5636): Shabbat Shuvah

1875: It was reported today that the cattle sale was off at the end of this week with only a few carloads of Texas Cattle having been sold.  The reason for this drop off in business was the absence of the “Hebrew butchers” from the market due to the observance of “a high Jewish festival.”

1879(15thof Tishrei, 5640): Sukkoth

1881: “Current Foreign Notes” published today includes a synopsis of a circular from Russia’s Minister of the Interior in which  he says “The Government recognizes the detriment to the Christian population of the commercial activity, exclusiveness and religious fanaticism of the Jews, which are still predominate in spite of the 20 years’ efforts to blend the population.”  He goes on to say that recent violence is because “of the monopolization of trade…by the Jews”  and that “energetic measures must be taken to shield Christians from the effects of” the Jews’  “injurious activity.”  (Anti-Semitism and the big lie existed decades before Goebbels)

1881: “The Jews in Germany” published today, described “the extent and progress of the new anti-Semitic movement” and the motives of the men behind it.  They claim they are worried about “Jewish tyranny” and “Jewish domination” as if the land led by Bismarck and possession “the most powerful military machine” could be taken over by “a handful of ‘the outcast people.’”

1882(19thof Tishrei, 5643): Fifth Day of Sukkoth

1882(19thof Tishrei, 5643): French philanthropist Charles Netter passed away at Jaffa.Born at Strasburg in 1828, he” studied at Strasburg and Belfort, and then engaged in business in Paris. He was one of the founders of the Alliance Israélite Universelle, and for a long time his house was its only home. The work with which his name is most closely connected is the foundation of the agricultural school at Jaffa; and he devoted several years of his life to promoting agriculture among the Jews of Palestine. It was Netter who, at the end of 1876, submitted to the conference at Constantinople the memorandum in favor of the Jews of the East, prepared by the meeting convened about that time by the Alliance Israélite at Paris. In 1878 he went to Berlin, with some other members of the central committee, to lay before the congress the memoir of the Alliance in favor of the same Jews and to support their claims, which had been formally recognized by the Treaty of Berlin. With two other members of the committee he went to Madrid in 1880 to maintain before a European conference the right of the Jews of Morocco to protection.In 1881, when the disturbances in Russia drove thousands of unfortunate Jews from Brody and the Alliance was desirous of sending them assistance, Netter volunteered to discharge the difficult mission. He was the first to arrive there, and lived for weeks among the unhappy refugees, arranging a plan of emigration to America. On his return to Paris he was appointed secretary of the special committee established in that city for the Russian work. From morning till night his house was besieged by the Russian refugees, who found in him an untiring protector. When death overtook him he was visiting the agricultural school at Jaffa. A monument has been erected over his grave by the Alliance Israélite Universelle (As reported by Isidor Singer and Jaques Kahn

1883(1stof Tishrei, 5644): Rosh Hashanah

1883: In New York “the synagogues…were crowded during the day and evening and in many cases services were held in improvised houses of worship for the overflow from the congregations.”

1883: Rosh Hashanah “was observed by nearly all” of the Jewish “members of the New York Stock Exchange” and the market performed with “depressing dullness” due to their absence.

1883: Rabbi Isaac Noot will deliver the Rosh Hashanah sermon at B’Nai Israel in New York City.

1883: Dr. Kaufman Koehler will deliver the Rosh Hashanah sermon, in German, at Temple Beth-El in New York City.

1885(23rdof Tishrei, 5646): Simchat Torah

1885: “In Memory of Montefiore” published today included  the views or Rabbi Kaufmann Kohler who felt that it ‘was quite unnecessary” to erect a memorial to the great philanthropist and that it would be more appropriate to donate the money that would be used for such an effort to Montefiore Home for Aged Hebrews in New York. Kohler believed that the works of Moses Montefiore, like those of his biblical namesake, spoke for themselves and were his true memorial.  (Ask your friends and your children who Sir Moses Montefiore was and see if Kohler was right)

1886: Having left her home in secret, Clara Prager, the eldest daughter of Jewish businessman Julius Praeger sent a telegram to her family that she had married Horace J. Young, whom she would later have arrested on charges of abandonment after he allegedly deserted her when she became pregnant.

1887: The “New Books” column published today contains a detailed review of Job and Solomon: The Wisdom of the Old Testament by T. K. Cheyne who has already produced the two volume work The Prophecies of Isaiah and is working on volumes covering the Song of Songs, the Lamentations of Jeremiah and the Psalms of David. (Cheyne was an English Protestant minister who became a Bahia)

1890: Birthdate of Comedian Groucho Marx.  The most famous of the Marx Brothers, Groucho enjoyed success in vaudeville, movies, radio and television.  For millions of baby boomers, their first encounter with the famous Marx leer, cigar and wit including rapid fire double entendres came from watching his television show, “You Bet Your Life.”

1890: “A Sanitarium Burned’ published today described the financial impact of the fire at Hebrew Sanitarium where there is $5,000 in insurance to cover the losses valued at $11,000.

1891(29thof Elul, 5651): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1891(29thof Elul, 5651): Charles Bruckner the first husband of Jennie Wallenstein passed away today following which he was buried in Beth El Cemetery in Ridgewood, Queen County, NY.

1891: “Seligman Honored” published provided a list of those responsible for the banquet given last night in honor of Jesse Seligman which included a veritable “who’s who of New York Jewry” among whom were Jacob H. Schiff, Lewis May, Emanuel Lehman, Myer L Isaacs, Oscar S. Straus, Hyman Blum, Henry Rice, Charles L. Bernheim and James. H. Hoffman.

1891: After taking a child staying at the Hebrew Orphan Asylum suffering from diphtheria to the Willard Parker Hospital yesterday, Dr. Cyrus Edson said “that there  need be no apprehension for the other inmates.”

1892: Sixty-nine year old French scholar, author and expert on ancient Middle East languages, Joseph Ernest Renan, passed away today. Nine years before his death he began work on the five volume work History of Israel the first volume of which published in 1887 and the final volume of which was published after his death.In “his 1883 essay ‘Le Judaïsme comme race et religion’ he disputed the concept that Jewish people constitute a unified racial entity in a biological sense, which made his views unpalatable within racialized Antisemitism. Renan was also known for being a strong critic of German ethnic nationalism, with its anti-Semitic undertones.”

1892: The fire in New Jersey that threatens the agricultural colony established by the Jewish immigrants near May’s Landing continues to burn for a second day.

1893: “Hard Words for Samuel Gompers, et al” published today quoted Abraham Cahan criticizing “many of the present leaders of the working men” such as “Samuel Gompers, Joseph Barondess and Henry Weismann” as simple “intriguers” who “purposely keep the workingmen in ignorance of what is good for them.”  (Editor’s Note – this is a case of Jew versus Jews)

1894(2nd of Tishrei, 5655): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1894: “In the Real Estate Field” published today attributed yesterday lack of sales at auction and general lack of real estate transactions in New York to the fact that it “was a Hebrew holiday.” (Rosh Hashanah)

1898: An informal meeting of the members of the Hebrew Infant Asylum of the City of New York which is preparing to dedicate a new home at 161stStreet and Eagle Avenue is scheduled to take place today.

1896: “Accused of Stealing a Horse” published today provided a description of charges that Samuel Burnstein, a Jewish dry goods peddler has brought the sons of Cortland D. Morse and Robert C. Livingston  for stealing and abusing his horse.

1898: Rabbi Gustav Gottheil of Temple Emanu-El in Manhattan conducted the services today during which Leon M. Nelson was installed as the rabbi at Temple Israel in Brooklyn, NY.

1898: The public got its first look at “the new home of the Hebrew Infant Asylum of the City of New York” which is located at the old De Graff mansion at 161st Street and Eagle Avenue.

1898: In Chicago, Illinois', following  the Spanish-American War, members of Anshe Knesset Israel gathered to pray for the forces under the command of Admiral Dewey.

1900(9th of Tishrei, 5661): Erev Yom Kippur

1900(9th of Tishrei, 5661): Forty-seven year old German sculptor Hugo Rheinhold creator of Ape With Skull passed away today.

1900: Birthdate of Arturo Rosenblueth Stearns “a Mexican researcher, physician and physiologist, who is known as one of the pioneers of cybernetics.”

1902(1st of Tishrei, 5663): Rosh Hashanah

1903: Dorothy Levitt won her class (cars costing between £400 and £550) at the Southport Speed Trials driving S.F.Edge's 12 (or 16) hp Gladiator.

1904(23rd of Tishrei, 5665): Simchat Torah

1906(13thof Tishrei, 5667): After having led the court of Sadigur for 24 years, Reb Yisrael, the youngest son of Reb Yitzchak, passed away.

1908 (7th of Tishrei, 5669): In Houston Texas Adath Yshurun Friday night services began at 7 p.m. with a sermon entitled “Ourselves.”

1911(10thof Tishrei, 5672): Yom Kippur

1912: Jacob Feuerwerker and Regina Neufeld gave birth to  David Feuerwerker, the Swiss born Canadian Rabbi and Historian.  He was the husband of Antoinette Feuerwerker, a French jurist and member of the resistance during World War II.

1913(1stof Tishrei, 5674): Final observance of Rosh Hashanah before the madness of World War I and all the evil that has followed in its wake over the last one hundred years.

1913: Birthdate of Chaim Yosef Zadok, the native of Galicia who made Aliyah in 1935.  He pursued a career in government and jurisprudence that included service in the Knesset and government ministries including Religious Affairs and Justice.

1914: “Refugees Crowd Vienna” published today described the flow of Jewish fugitives from Galicia which is overwhelming the resources of the Austrian capital and has been diverted to “various places in Moravia, Upper Austria and Salzburg.”

1914: Sixty-two year old Rabbi Daniel Lowenthal a native of Horfstenin who came to the United States in 1874 where he served as the Rabbi for B’nai Salem and then Etz Chaim passed away today.

1917:British Intelligence learned of a meeting in Berlin at which plans were made by the Germans and Turks to offer the Jews of Europe a German-sponsored Jewish National Home in Palestine.  (This stimulated the British to finalize what became known as the Balfour Declaration.)

1918:General Allenby leaves his headquarters at Tiberias and drives to Damascus to install the Emir Feisal as head of the local government.  Only later would the Arab leader learn that Syria was to be under French control and that his dreams of ruling the Arabs from this ancient city were merely that – dreams.  It was the mischief making by the British and French that destabilized the entire region, not the promise of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

1919: US President Woodrow Wilson suffers a massive stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed. Wilson suffered the stroke during a cross country speaking tour that was intended generate support for the ratification of the Versailles Treaty which included the creation of the League of Nations.  With Wilson out of the picture, the forces favoring ratification lost their champion.  The United States rejected the treaty and chose note to join the League.  There is a large body of opinion that the America’s failure to join the League doomed the organization even before it had its first meeting and this was one of the causes of World War II, the greatest catastrophe in Jewish history since the destruction of the Second Temple.

1921: “Our nation was conceived in simplicity and frugality, and nurtured in godliness and righteousness, and by those alone can it be preserved." Rabbi Joseph Krauskopf, first head of “the National Farm School.”

1922(10thof Tishrei, 5683): Yom Kippur

1922: It was reported today that Samuel S. Koenig, Chairman of the New York County Republican Committee opposed an attempt by some of his fellow party members to propose a slate of Republican nominees to serve as Justices on the State Supreme Court. He claimed that it was party policy to endorse justices who had served well in the position regardless of their party affiliation.  Koenig’s view carried the day.  Koenig was a Hungarian  born Jew who rose to a position of power in the New York State Republican Party.

1922: It was reported today that Justice Irving Lehman, a Democrat, who has successfully served one full term on the bench is one of three judicial candidates endorsed by the Republican Party.  The Republicans base their endorsement for these positions on merit rather than party affiliation.

1923(22nd of Tishrei, 5684):Shmini Atzeret

1923(22nd of Tishrei, 5684):This morning, while he was on his way to his beloved "bondage," as he used to call his work, Abraham Solomon Freidus collapsed and died almost immediately at the foot of the Library stairs. He was the “custodian of the Jewish Room at the New York Public Library.”

1925(14thof Tishrei, 5686): Erev Sukkoth

1925(14thof Tishrei, 5686): Nine-three Berhnhardine Wetzlar Warburg, the widow of Jonas R. Warburg, passed away today.

1926: In New York today, “Joseph M. Levy, manager for Clark’s Tours in Palestine and Syria” who has just arrived from Jerusalem, reported that there was “keen interest” revolving around the first municipal to be held “under the British mandate.”  According to his figures Jerusalem had a population of 60,000, 37,000 of whom were Jewish.  He also described progress being made on railroad being built between Jaffa and Haifa, with a junction at Tel Aviv that will connect the line with Jerusalem. 

1927: The New York Times describes the vibrant music scene among the Jewish community in Palestine which includes jazz bands playing at a dance hall near Jerusalem’s Jaffa Gate and a group of musicians in Tel Aviv who have established a company that performs grand opera in which is described as “a most acceptable manner.”

1930(10thof Tishrei, 5691): As economic conditions continued to worsen after one of the what will become known as the Great Depression, the Yom Kippur supplications uttered today take an extra poignancy.

1932: Universal Studios releases the screen version of the Moss Hart and George S. Kaufman play, “Once in a Lifetime.”

1934(23rdof Tishrei, 5695): Simchat Torah

1938: Pitcher Sam Nahem made his major league debut with the Brooklyn Dodgers.

1938(7th of Tishrei, 5699): “Twenty one Jews including three women and ten children, ranging in age from 1 to 12 years were killed and three others were wounded” tonight “on the shores of Lake Galilee in the old Jewish quarter of Tiberias in a massacre by stabbing shooting and burning perpetrated by Arabs.”  The Arab violence was described as the worst since 1929 when “Arabs fell on Jewish men, most of whom were rabbinical students as well woman an children in the ancient towns of Hebron and Safed.”  Among those killed by the Arab attackers were Jacob Zaltz, the beadle of the central synagogue; Menachem Kabin, “an elderly American Jew” who had recently moved to Palestine and his sister who was stabbed and then burned to death; Joshua Ben Ariah, his wife and two sons, one of whom was an infant; the three children of Shlomo Leimer, “aged 8,10 and 12” who “were stabbed and burned to death; Shimon Mizrahi, his wife and five children ranging in ages from 1 to 12 years; Jacob Gross  and two as yet to be identified Jewish constables.

1939: “New Yiddish Comedy” published today contained a review of “Chever Nachman,” I.J. Singer’s dramatization of his own novel East of Eden directed by Jacob Ben-Ami playing at the National Theatre on Houston Street as well as “In a Jewish Grocery” by Nuchim Stutchkoff playing at the Second Avenue Theatre.

1939: “Bernays Quits Press Job” published today described the decision of Edward L. Bernays to withdraw “as non-salaried counsel on public relations to the New York World’s Fair” because of the “extremely confused sitation.”

1939: “Dr. Bernhard Weiss formerly vice president of the Berlin police” and who fled when Chancellor Hitler came to power because he was Jew “deprived of his nationality and property by the Nazis” and who has been earning his living by running a small printing business in London “has been interned by a Special Branch of Scotland Yard because he is classified as “German national.”

1939: The funeral procession for Frank Margolis, the husband of the President of the Ladies Auxiliary of the East Side Hebrew Institute  is scheduled to pass by that institution at 10:30 this morning.

1939: Congressman John Dingell of Michigan addressed the first meeting of the American Jewish Congress since the outbreak of WW II which was being held at the Edison Hotel in New York.  The 1,561 delegates representing 420 different organizations heard his denunciation of the Nazis followed by an impassioned speech from Dr. Stephen S. Wise, president of the American Jewish Congress.

1939: WEVD broadcast “Jewish Melodies at 2pm today.

1939: Cardinal George William Mundelein, the Archbishop of Chicago, who was an early critic of the Nazis, passed away.

1939: “Effective today, Jewish men in Slovakia are conscripted for labor service.”

1940(29thElul, 5700): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1941:SS Chief Helmut Knochen ordered the systematic destruction of synagogues in Paris (As reported by Aish.com)

1941:  Six Parisian synagogues were bombed.  At this time, Paris was occupied by the Nazis. As we have seen in our own time, bombing synagogues takes place in Parisregardless of who is in power.

1941(11th of Tishrei, 5702): In Zhager, a small town on the Lithuanian-Latvian border, over 3000 Jewish men, women and children were massacred by members of the Lithuanian militia. They lie in a mass grave in NaryshkinPark, the heart of the shetl.

1941(11th of Tishrei, 5702): A Nazi raid on the Jewish ghetto at Vilna, Lithuania, leaves 3000 dead at nearby Ponary. One victim, Serna Morgenstern, is shot in the back by an SS officer after he complimented her beauty and told her she was free to go.

1942(21st of Tishrei, 5703): Hoshana Rabah

1942(21st of Tishrei, 5703): At the Treblinka death camp, Jews from Zelechów, Poland, are murdered.

1943: In Holland, the families of Jewish men drafted for forced labor are sent to the concentration camp in Westerbork, Holland.

1943: The first Jewish paratroopers serving as members of the British Army from Palestine landed in the Balkans. Many of them had been chosen because they were born in the region and spoke the languages of the land like natives. These Jews agreed to help organize non-Jewish underground units on behalf of the British war effort. The British agreed to let them aid other Jews once they had completed their primary mission. The British also made it clear that they would not offer support for this secondary part of the mission.

1943(3rd of Tishrei, 5704): Shabbat Shuvah; given the events that took place on this date in Denmark –see item below – the day lives up to its name of The Sabbath of Return.

1943: The Danish people rescue about 7000 Jews, only 500 of whom are captured by the Germans. The 500 seized by the Germans are sent to the Theresienstadt, Czechoslovakia, camp/ghetto; all but 77 will survive the war. The Danish government will persistently check on the health and welfare of the Jews who were sent to Theresienstadt, enabling almost all of them to survive to war's end.

1943:“The Swedish government announced in an official statement that Sweden was prepared to accept all Danish Jews in Sweden.”

1943: “Some arrested Danish communists witnessed the deportation of about 200 Jews from Langelinie via the ship Wartheland. Of these, a young married couple were able to convince the Germans that they were not Jewish, and set free. The remainder including mothers with infants, the sick and elderly, chief rabbi Max Friediger, and the other Jewish hostages who had been placed in the Danish internment camp, Horserød, on August 28–29 were driven below deck without their luggage while being screamed at, kicked and beaten.

1944 (15th of Tishrei, 5705): Sukkoth

1944:  On the first day of Sukkoth Jews attempt to celebrate the Chag while dealing with a British curfew.

1945: “Several thousand troops of the British Sixth Airborne Division disembarked at Haifa” today.  For all intents and purposes, this elite military unit had been sent to Palestine to put an end to “illegal Jewish immigration.”

1946: “Hundreds of heavily armed British soldiers and police raided as fashionable Tel Aviv café today and seized fifty Jews, thirty of whom were immediately sent to the Rafa detention camp on the Egyptian frontier.” The raid at the Ginati Café was aimed at capture leaders of the Irgun.

1947: Cleveland Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver and a leading spokesman for the Zionist cause appeared before the United Nations during hearings on the proposed partition of Palestine.  Silver spoke in a favor the partition, which was the two state solution that was rejected by the Arabs.

1947: Birthdate of Sergio Kerbis

1948:  Birthdate of American fashion designer, Donna Karan

1948:Birthdate of Jack Leon Terpins, a native of Sao Paulo, Brazil, who serves as President of the Latin American Jewish Congress.

1949(9th of Tishrei, 5710): Erev Yom Kippur

1949:In Waterbury, CT, Marilyn Edith, née Heit and Air Force Lt. Col. Samuel Leibovitz gave birth to Anna-Lou Leibovitz, who gained famed as photographer Annie Leibovitz. Leibovitz was chief photographer for Rolling Stones Magazines for ten years.  She later moved on to Vanity Fair Magazine.  She was named Photographer of the Year in 1984 by the American Society of Magazine Photographers.
1952:The Jerusalem Post reported that Israel had purchased 27 Mustang fighters from the Swedish Air Force. The propeller driven fighters, known as the P-51 during WW II, were obsolete in a world of Jet Age aircraft.  But for the fledgling Israeli Air Force, they would have to do as they confronted their better armed and equipped Arab neighbors.

1952: The Jerusalem Post reported that the overwhelming majority of the 34,000 immigrants who arrived in Israel from October 1951 to the end of September 1952 were members of Oriental communities. There were 9,800 immigrants from Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria, 3,800 from Libya, 1,350 from Egypt, 5,800 from Iran, 1,000 from Iraq, 650 from Turkey, 6,800 from Romania, 650 from Bulgaria, 160 from Poland, 170 from the US and the rest from other countries. This rapidly growing Sephardic population would eventually change the demographics of the new state.  The early settlers had been primarily of Russian, Polish and later German origins.   In other words the Ashkenazim, or those whose roots were found among the Ashkenazim, dominated the Yishuv and the state of Israel in its early decades.  Many Sephardim felt that they were treated like second-class citizens.  Interestingly enough, it would be Likud under the leadership of Menachem Begin that would give voice to these feelings.  And it would the votes of these Oriental Jews that would bring Begin to power in 1977.

1959: The anthology series "The Twilight Zone" premieres on CBS television. The show was created by Rod Serling who was raised as a Reform Jew.At high school, where he edited the newspaper, Serling experienced anti-Jewish discrimination when he was blackballed from the Theta Sigma fraternity. In an interview in 1972 he said of this incident, "it was the first time in my life that I became aware of religious difference." Serling did not consider himself to be a practicing Jew and he and his future wife Carol Kramer became Unitarians.

1965: Birthdate of David Nehaisi, the native of Holon who  traces his lineage back to “Jews expelled from Spain” in 1491 and who gained fame as singer, composer and songwriter David D’Or

1968(10thof Tishrei, 5729): Yom Kippur

1968: Birthdate of actor Joey Slotnick.

1968: U.S. Premiere of “Coogan’s Bluff” directed and produced by Don Siegel, co-starring Lee J. Cobb with music by Lalo Schifrin.

1973: Birthdate of relief pitcher Scott Schoeweiss who played for the 2002 World Champion Anaheim Angels.

1972"From Israel with Love" opens at Palace Theater New York City for 8 performances

1973: Senior military officials ignore the warnings of Lieutenant Binyamin Siman-Tov that Egyptians are in fact preparing to launch a military action that will take them across the Suez Canal.

1974: U.S. Premiere of “The Taking of Pelham One Two Three” produced by Edgar J. Scherick, co-starring Walter Matthau and Martin Balsom with music by David Shire.

1977:The Jerusalem Post reported that the US and the Soviet Union, in a formal communiqué issued simultaneously in Washington and Moscow, announced that any Arab-Israeli peace settlement would have to ensure "the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people."Israel sharply criticized this statement as likely to harden the Arabs¹ stance and impede the peace-making progress. Jordaninformed the USthat it would not agree to the incorporation of Palestinian negotiators within its own Geneva Peace Conference delegation. Prime Minister Menachem Begin, who had a heart attack shortly before his election, was again admitted to hospital, suffering from exhaustion.

1978(1stof Tishrei, 5739): Rosh Hashanah

1978:Syrians and  Palestinians battle in East Beirut with 1,300 killed

1981(4th of Tishrei, 5742): Harry Golden passed away passed away at the age of 79.  Born Harry Goldhirsch in what is now the Ukraine, Golden gained famed as the publisher of the Carolina Israelite.  Golden used his publication to advocate desegregation in the days when Jim Crow dominated the South and to provide folksy tales about his days growing up on the Lower East Side.  Two of his better known books were Only in Americaand for Two Cents Plain. Sometimes Golden combined his passion for social justice with his satiric wit.  One such example was the Vertical Negro Plan.  In the days of the segregated South, African-Americans were not allowed to sit down in a restaurant and eat their meals.  African-Americans were allowed to go to a window at the side or in the back of many eating establishments, order their food and take it to eat elsewhere.  Golden decided that the problem was with African-Americans and Whites eating together, but of sitting together while they were eating.  He proposed removing all chairs and stools from eating establishments.  That way, the races could eat in the same establishment without violating the time honored tradition of not sitting down to eat together.

1983: The Israel Bank Stock crisis “erupted fully” today, “the first day after the Sukkoth holiday” when “the public sold more bank stocks than in the entire month of September.”

1983: Bonnie Franklin’s “One Day At A Time” begins its ninth and last season.

1987: Release date for “Big Shots,” a film edited by Sheldon Kahn and written by Joe Esterhas.

1992: U.S. Premiere of “Hero” a dark comedy produced and written by Laura Ziskin and co-starring Dustin Hoffman.as the anti-hero “Bernie LaPlante.”

2000(3rd of Tishrei, 5761): Tzom Gedaliah observed for the first time in the 21st century

2001(15th of Tishrei, 5762): Sukkoth

2001: Osama Awadallah, a college student with no criminal record who was one of dozens Arab men detained around the country in the days after 9/11 as potential witnesses in terrorism investigations appeared in the Federal District Courtroom of Judge Michael B. Mukasey. Responding to Awadallah’s claims that he had been beaten, the judge said, “I will tell you he looks fine to me…If you to file a lawsuit, you can file a lawsuit.”  Mukasey, an Orthodox Jew did not recues himself from this case which should have come as no surprise since he did not recues himself during the trials of the “Blind Sheik” was part of the conspiracy to blow up the World Trade Center in 1993.

2001:In a statement issued today, Aipac officials criticized President Bush's advisers who advocated support for the creation of a Palestinian state. Those advisers ''are encouraging the president to reward, rather than punish, those that harbor and support terrorism,'' the statement said.

2002: Randy Lerner succeeded his father Al as the leader of the Cleveland Browns football team

2004(17th of Tishrei, 5765): Shabbat Chol HaMoed Sukkoth

2004(17th of Tishrei, 5765): Sixty-three year old Shaul Amor, the native of Morocco who served in the Knesset as  “Minister without for Portfolio” passed away today.

2005:  The New York Times reported that Franzi Groszman had passed away at the age of 100.  Mrs. Groszman is believed to be one of the last survivors of the parents who put their children on the Kindertransport, the London bound trains that took Jewish children out of Nazi Germany before World War II. 

2005:  Books by Jewish authors or on Jewish topics were featured in several newspapers.  The New York Times Book Review Section included a review of Party In The Blitza memoir by Elijah Canetti.  The winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Literature is described as “a Spanish Jewish Viennese Swiss Bulgarian Refugee.  The Times also reviewed Blood Relation a biography of Harold “Heshy” Konigsberg, a Jewish racketeer and hit man.  As the review points out, Jews may be criminals, but they are not heroes.  Hehsy’s family describes him as a “shanda” which is Yiddish for ‘Shame.” 

2006: The Washington Postreviewed Dogs of War by James Reston.  It is subtitled, “Columbus, the Inquisition and the Defeat of the Moors.”  As the reviewer says, “in 1492, Sapin expelled its Jews and crushed a caliphate.” Finally the Post also reviewed The Last Days of Dogtown by Anita Diamant.  In The Red TentDiamant used a gaudy, Technicolor style to engineer her Old Testament visions of sex and violence, while The Last Days of Dogtown is as plain as sunlight on polished wood. But in both books, she has managed to find an appropriate (if not a true) vocabulary to conjure up a world. Like Las Vegas reproductions of old Veniceor ancient Egypt, these novels are proudly inauthentic yet still entirely original.”

2006(10th of Tishrei, 5767:) Yom Kippur,

2006: The first Yom Kippur is observed with all IDF Troops out of Lebanon.

2006: As the sun set on Yom Kippur the last Rabbi in Baghdad, Emad Levy, sat down for his last “break the fast’ meal in Iraq.  As he ate the piece of cake and ranks the two glasses of milk he shared his thoughts with a Washington Post reporter realizing that next year he would be doing this in another land.

2006: Allegations arose that Alan Hevesi had fired Alexander McHugh, a receptions who had filed a sexual harassment charge.  Hevesi’s office contended that she had not cooperated with their investigation and that no evidence had been found to support her claim.

2007: Solomon Wachtler“was reinstated to the New York state bar.”

2007: The Special Olympics open in Shanghai where the 2,000-strong Jewish community has raised $20,000 to support Israel’s Special Olympics team.  The community, headed by Maurice Ohama, has provided the 38 Israeli athletes with uniforms, sports shoes as well as access to a Sukkah and kosher food.

2007: Israeleased a strict news blackout on an airstrike on stories related to the September airstrike against Syriathat has been described as destroying shipments of arms for Hezbollah or a nuclear facility built with North Korean technology.

2007:Frank Lowy received the Henni Friedlander Award for the Common Good at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, United States.

2007: “Gilded Lions and Jeweled Horses: The Synagogue to the Carousel opens at the American Folk Art Museum under the aegis of guest cuator Murray ZimiliesFrom gilded lions to high-stepping horses, the sacred to the secular, and the Old World to the New, "Gilded Lions and Jeweled Horses: The Synagogue to the Carousel" traces the journey of Jewish woodcarvers and other artisans from Eastern and Central Europe to America and the unsung role they played in establishing a distinct Jewish culture in communities throughout the United States.

2008: At Columbia University, the Institute for Israel and Jewish Studies presents an address by renowned Israeli author Amos Oz, Agnon Professor of Hebrew Literature, Ben-Gurion University entitled “A Tale of Love and Darkness” as part of the Syliva and Joseph Radov Lectures

2008(3rd of Tishrei, 5769): Fast of Gedaliah,

2008: Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced today that he would abandon his earlier opposition to changing the term limits law and seek a third term as mayor, arguing that the economic crisis buffeting the nation called for continuity in municipal leadership.

2008: In an article entitled “Rabbi Has Message, So Does Cellphone,” James Barron describes how Jewish businessmen are coping with the financial meltdown during the High Holidays.
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/02/nyregion/02holidays.html?_r=0

2009:Singer-songwriter Peter Yarrow (of Peter, Paul & Mary fame) reads from and discusses his new song-inspired children's picture book, Day is Done, (illustrated by Melissa Sweet) at Politics and Prose Bookstore, in Washington, D.C.

2009:Icelandic experimental band mum (with a lower-case "m" and pronounced moom) is scheduled to open its European tour at Tel Aviv's Barby Club today.

2009: The Coen Brothers latest film, “A Serious Man,” opens in theatres throughout the United States.

2009: According to reports published in today’s Washington Post, “Israeli writer Amos Oz is the favorite to be picked for the 2009 Nobel literature prize next Thursday, but with the judging notoriously hard to predict, he is far from a safe bet.  Oz, who deals with life in modern Israel in his novels, and reflects decades of commitment to the Israeli peace movement in his political writing, is quoted at 4/1 by the British bookmaker Ladbrokes, meaning he has one chance in five of winning.”

2009(14th of Tishrei, 5770): Erev Sukkoth

2009(14th of Tishrei, 5770):Captain Benjamin Sklaver was killed in Afghanistan.

2009: Thin and wan, but lucid and very much alive, Gilad Shalit, the captured Israeli soldier whose fate has gripped Israel for more than three years, appeared in a video today holding a Palestinian newspaper dated Sept. 14. Israel obtained the DVD today in a deal brokered by German and Egyptian mediators. In return, Israel released 19 Palestinian women from its jails and was to release a 20th on Sunday.

2009(14th of Tishrei, 5770):Seventy-six year old photographer of the famous, Nat Finkelstein, passed away today. (As reported by William Grimes)
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/13/arts/13finkelstein.html

2010: On Shabbat, the traditional minyan at Temple Judah in Cedar Rapids, IA, joins the rest of the world in reading Parsha Bereshit, marking the start of the new Torah reading cycle.

2010:Miki Gavrielov, one of Israel’s leading singer/song writer is scheduled to perform at Beth El Synagogue Center in New Rochelle, NY. 

2011: Israelis change their clocks as daylight savings time comes to an end.

2011: The New York Times features books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including “The Swerve:How the World Became Modern” by Stephen Greenblatt, “Gustav Mahler by Jens Malte Fischer, “All Our Worldly Goods” by Irène Némirovsky and “The Mirador:Dreamed Memories of Irène Némirovsky by Her Daughter” by Élisabeth Gille

2011:Gilo is not a settlement but an “integral part of Jerusalem,” Deputy Foreign Minister Danny Ayalon stressed during a tour of the capital’s third-largest neighborhood for 50 members of the foreign media today.

2011: Today, Israel formally accepted an international proposal to return to peace negotiations with the Palestinians, but any immediate resumption of talks appeared unlikely as the Israelis and Palestinians differed sharply over the letter and spirit of the proposal.

2012(16thof Tishrei, 5733): Second Day of Sukkoth

2012: This evening, Michael Stewart, author of The Gypsy Menace: Populism and the New Anti Gypsy Politics is scheduled to discuss treatment of Europe’s largest minority at the Wiener Library in London.

2012:Vandals attacked the Franciscan convent on Jerusalem’s Mount Zion early this morning, spray-painting it with anti- Christian graffiti in the third “price tag” attack against a Christian site this year. The vandals painted the words “price tag” and “Jesus is a bastard” on the door of the Franciscan convent, located adjacent to the Dormition Abbey cathedral.

2012: Funeral services for the late Stephen O. Frankurt, former President of Young & Rubicon will be held today

2012: Five people, including Likud activist Moshe Feiglin, were arrested for a confrontation on the Temple Mount this morning during Feiglin’s monthly trip to Judaism’s holiest site. Towards the end of Feiglin’s visit, a group of Muslims surrounded the Jewish worshippers and started yelling “Alalu Akbar.”

2012: Friends and Family will celebrate the birthday of Barb Feller today in Cedar Rapids, where her many accomplishments include being a Hebrew teach par excellence.

2013: In the UK, the Wiener Library is scheduled to host Bernd Koschland who will share his experiences of the Kindertransport, the humanitarian effort that brought 10,000 persecuted children to the UK from Europe in 1938-39.

2013: The Greater Washington Area Chapter of Hadassah is scheduled to host its Special Gifts Dinner this event at Woodmont Country Club.

2013: In a commemoration marking the 40th anniversary of the Yom Kippur a screening of “The Battle Over the Soul” followed “by a conversation with Dan Almagor, the producer and a soldier at the battle of ‘Tel Saki’ is scheduled to take place at the Stephen Wise Free Synagogue.

2013: In Cedar Rapids, IA, Temple Judah is scheduled to host the Hadassah Book Club which will discuss The List by Martin Fletcher.

2013: In Budapest, the Conference on Jewish Life and  Anti-Semitism in Contemporary Europe came to an end.

2013: “Poverty is the greatest menace to the Middle East, overtaking terrorism and conventional wars, Israeli President Shimon Peres told the Dutch parliament in a speech today.”

2013: “Finance Minister Yair Lapid today harshly condemned Israeli citizens who emigrate to improve their standard of living, saying he had “no patience” for people who leave the Jewish state behind for reasons of convenience.”

2013(28th of Tishrei, 5774): Ninety-four year old “Abraham Nemeth, the creator of a Braille Code for math” passed away today. (As reported by William Yardley)
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/07/us/abraham-nemeth-creator-of-a-braille-code-for-math-is-dead-at-94.html?hpw

2013: Based the media coverage, the most important Jew in the world today is fashion designer Marc Jacobs who announced that “he is leaving Louis Vuitton after 16 years to concentrate on his namesake line”
 
2014: The Kaufman Music Center is scheduled to host “An Evening with Paul Reiser.”

This Day, October 3, In Jewish History by Mitchell A. Levin

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OCTOBER 3

1189: Coronation of Richard the Lionheart (King Richard I) of England. “All Jews and women are barred from the coronation ceremony, but Jewish representatives are sent anyway with gifts in an effort to curry favor with the new English king. When Jews arrive with gifts, they are attacked, stripped naked, whipped, and thrown out. A rumor spreads that Richard had them killed, which inspires a mob in London to launch a massacre. They move on the Jewish quarter where they burn down houses, beat the Jews, and burn them alive. Some are forced to accept baptism.”

1210: John of Brienne, a penniless count who managed to wed Mary, Queen of the Crusader State of Jerusalem, is crowned King of Jerusalem. When the newly crowned king visited Acre“he was greeted by members of the Frankish and Greek communities and by members of the Jewish community holding up a Torah scroll.”  What should we make of this strange sounding behavior? Judahal-Harizi described the Jews of Acre as being ignoramuses “despite the fact that three hundred rabbis from Franceand Englandhad settled there. Al Harizi was one of the last great figures of the Golden Age of Spain and was considered a noted scholar, poet and translator who gained additional fame for his visits to various Jewish communities.

1335:Levi ben Gershon, who is better known by his Latinized name as Gersonides or the abbreviation of first letters as RaLBaG Levi observed an eclipse of the moon today.He described a geometrical model for the motion of the Moon and made other astronomical observations of the Moon, Sun and planets using a camera obscura. Some of his beliefs were well wide of the truth, such as his belief that the Milky Way was on the sphere of the fixed stars and shines by the reflected light of the Sun. Gersonides was also the earliest known mathematician to have used the technique of mathematical induction in a systematic and self-conscious fashion and anticipated Galileo’s error theory. The lunar crater Rabbi Levi is named after him.

1430: The Jews were expelled from Eger, Bohemia

1508: “Rabbi Don Yitzhak Abravanel passed away. Born in 1437, he was a leader during the Golden Age of Spanish Jewry. After having served as treasurer to the king of Portugal, Abravanel became a minister in the court of King. In the Inquisition, an estimated 32,000 Jews were burned at the stake and another 200,000 were expelled from Spain. Rabbi Abrabanel reportedly offered Queen Isabella the astronomical sum of 600,000 crowns to revoke the edict. Abrabanel was unable to prevent the expulsion and was exiled along with his people. Most of his rabbinic writings were composed in his later years when he was free of governmental.” (As reported by Aish)

1674: Pope Clement X suspended the Inquisition in Portugal. This came after the New Christian community asked for a more humane treatment from the Portuguese Inquisitional authorities. Many within the New Christian community felt the Portuguese tribunals were based on greed more than sincerity.

1779(23rdof Tishrei, 5540): Simchat Torah

1780: Lt. Colonel Franks was acquitted of charges that he had conspired with Benedict Arnold in the traitor’s plan to surrender West Point to the British during the American Revolution. Franks was Jewish, Arnold was not.

1796(1stof Tishrei, 5557): Rosh Hashanah

1796(1stof Tishrei, 5557): Israel Baer Kursheedt spent Rosh Hashanah aboard the Simonhoff, a single- masted American sloop bound for Boston.

1798: Birthdate of Morris Jacob Raphall, a native of Sweden who was educated in Copenhagen and England and who spend the last decades of his life serving as the Rabbi of B'nei Jeshurun congregation in New York City

1794(9thof Tishrei, 5555): As the new United States federal government asserted its power by putting down the Whiskey Rebellion, Jews heard the strains of Kol Nidre on Erev Yom Kippur

1802:Rabbi Chaim of Voluzhin (a village in Lithuania) issued a proclamation to establish a new yeshiva. The Voluzhin Yeshiva eventually became the center of Torah scholarship in Europe, hosting tens of thousands of students who went on to become leaders of the Jewish world. The yeshiva was persecuted ruthlessly by the Czarist government, and in 1892 the government closed the yeshiva. Yet in a deeper sense, Voluzhin survived; most of the thousands of yeshivas today follow the Voluzhin model. The Jewish people are immeasurably enriched, for as Chaim Nachman Bialik once said, a yeshiva is "the creative factory of the Jewish people." 7th of Tishrei 5563 (As reported by Aish)

1805(10thof Tishrei, 5566): Yom Kippur

1817(23rdof Tishrei, 5578): Simchat Torah

1835(10thof Tishrei, 5596): Yom Kippur

1835: Birthdate of Gerson Vasen, the father of Sarah Vasen, the first Jewish woman doctor in Los Angeles, and the first superintendent and resident physician of Cedars-Sinai Hospital, then known as Kaspare Cohn Hospital. In 1856 he left his native Germany settling first in Philadelphia before moving on to Quincy, Illinois, where he prospered as a dealer in buffalo hides before going into real estate and the investment business.

1839(25th of Tishrei, 5600): Moses Schreiber who is known as Moses Sofer passed away at Bratislava. A distinguished Orthodox rabbi he was the author of Chasam Soferand a leading defender of tradition against the onslaught of the Enlightenment and Reform Judaism.

1841: In St. Louis, Missouri, United Hebrew Congregation was formed making it the first Jewish assemblage in the city’s history. The congregation was also known as the Polish Congregation and it was a strictly an Orthodox congregation.  The congregation first met in a rented room at Broadway and Locust. Later, it moved to the Masonic Hall on First and Market Streets. One of the initial purposes for forming the congregation was the establishment of a cemetery.

1843(9th of Tishrei, 5604): Erev Yom Kippur

1853(1stof Tishrei, 5614): As hostilities break out between the British, French and Turks on one side and the Russians on the other in what became the Crimean War, Jews observe Rosh Hashanah

1858: The funeral of Mrs. Raphall, the wife of Rabbi Morris Raphall is scheduled to be held this morning at 10 a.m. in New York City.

1862(9th of Tishrei, 5623): Erev Yom Kippur

1862: During the U.S. Civil War, Union forces including Jewish soldiers from Indiana and Southern forces including Jewish soldiers from Mississippi clashed at the start of the Battle of Corinth.

1864(3rdof Tishrei, 5625): Tzom Gedaliah

1864: Frédéric Emile Baron d'Erlanger, married the American Marguérite Mathilde Slidell. She was the daughter of John Slidell, the Louisiana politician and businessman who served as the Confederacy’s diplomatic representative to France under Emperor Napoleon Ill. He was a German born banker. Erlanger along with his partner Cie, were the Jewish bankers who headed what some claim was the most distinguished banking house in France.  The marriage, which some said showed the financial desperation of Slidell and his fellow Confederates did not last.  But this would not bring an end of Erlanger’s connection to the United States business community. This was not the first time that a Jew had joined Slidell’s family.  August Belmont had married Slidell’s niece, Caroline Perry, in 1849.

1864: A party British Royal Engineers under the command arrived in Jerusalem where they were to begin the first modern survey on this ancient city.

1866: "Mexican Affairs: The Ex-President of Mexico and a Bohemian Jew" published today claims that Santa Ana, the former President of Mexico has been forced to leave his house on 48th street due to financial problems and move in with a Hungarian Jew named Naphegyi who is living on Staten Island.  The article describes Naphegyi as a con-man who among other things misrepresented himself as the secretary to Louis Kossuth, the great Hungarian patriot.  Other sources describe him as Dr. Gabor Naphegyi who served as Santa Anna's attorney and who wrote The Album of Language, History of Hungary and Among the Arabs: A Narrative of Adventure In Algeria published in 1868.

1866: In New York, a jury awarded a Jewess named Nanna Solomon five hundred dollars in damages after hearing the case she brought against a Jew named Bernhard Brown for a breach of promise of marriage.  She had sought ten thousand dollars in damages.

1867: In Albany, GA, Charles and Johanna Wessolowsky gave birth to Emma Wessolowsky Menko.

1871: Prussian leader Otto Von Bismarck accepts a “compromise” amending the Treaty of Berlin which diluted the commitment of the European powers to improving the plight of the Rumanian Jews.

1872(1stof Tishrei, 5633): Rosh Hashanah

1872: Rabbis Friedman and Rozensweig of New York City officiated at Rosh Hashanah services held in Coopers Hall in Jersey City, New Jersey.

1872: Rabbi Falk Vidaver is scheduled to deliver the sermon at the 34h Street Synagogue in New York City.

1872: Rabbi S. M. Isaacs is scheduled to deliver the sermon at the 44thStreet Synagogue in New York City.

1872: Rabbi Samuel Adler is scheduled to give a sermon in German Temple Emanu-El on 5thAvenue in New York City.

1872: Rabbi David Einhorn is scheduled to deliver a sermon at Adath Israel, a Reform congregation West 39th Street in New York City.

1872: Rabbi J.S. Noot is scheduled to deliver the sermon at the Stanton Street Synagogue on New York’s Lower East Side.

1872: Rabbi Milziner is scheduled to deliver the sermon at the Norfolk Street Synagogue.

1874(22ndof Tishrei, 5635): Shemini Atzeret

1875(4th of Tishrei, 5636):Tzom Gedaliah

1875: It was reported today that one Jew has been burned alive in Baghdad.  The Jews have been accused of blasphemy which was the excuse for mobs to attack them.

1875: It was reported today that the Jewish Messenger, a Jewish publication, has called for free synagogues to be established in New York to meet the needs of the poor who cannot pay the admission fee of one dollar charged by some congregations.

1876(15thof Tishrei, 5637): As American Jews join their fellow citizens in celebrating the country’s Centennial, Jews also observe  Sukkoth

1878: The Chamber of Commerce met in New York City today.  Mr. Hentz, Chairman of the Southern Relief Committee which was responsible for sending aid to those dealing with the Yellow Fever Epidemic reported that among the charities in New Orleans receiving funds were the Hebrew Benevolent Association ($2,000), Hebrew Widow and Orphan Society ($500) and Turo Infirmary ($1,000). The Hebrew Benevolent Association in Memphis received $1,000 while the Hebrew Benevolent Association in Vicksburg received $750.

1881(10thof Tishrei, 5642): The observance of Yom Kippur takes on an additional sense poignancy for American Jews as the nation continues to mourn the death of President James A. Garfield.

1882: “Insanity In Italy” published reported that “the growth of insanity in Italy continues to be a serious cause of alarm.” After describing the growing number of people who have been institutionalized and other signs of the problem, the study finds one bright spot.  “The Jews do not become insane.  They are active and intelligent, and are rapidly gaining that influential position the Jewish race rarely fails to achieve in any community where no distinction is made between Jews and Gentiles, but they rarely see the interior of an insane asylum.  One of the reasons for this is that “the Jew clings to his ancient faith. He is not disturbed by any new philosophy, and is troubled by no doubts as to the truth of his religion.”

1883(2ndof Tishrei, 5644): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1883: “The Jewish New Year’s Day” published today attributed “the depressing dullness of the stock market” yesterday to the fact that it was the Jewish New Year, “a holiday…observed by nearly all of the” Jewish “members of the Stock Exchange.”  The Jewish member of the exchange “constitute a large and important element in Wall Street” and “their absence naturally made some difference with the amount of business done.”

1886(4thof Tishrei, 5647): Tzom Gedaliah observed since 3rd of Tishrei fell on Shabbat

1886(4thof Tishrei, 5647): Max Aronson “who keeps a little grocery store…on Hester Street” passed away today at 3:30 pm as a result of wounds inflicted when police beat him and then refused to have treated him while he was in their custody.

1887(15thof Tishrei, 5648): Sukkoth

1887: “Hebrew Liberality” published today described the successful Yom Kippur drive which collected $75,000 for Jewish charities in Philadelphia and was raised from individual contributions one of the largest of which came from Meyer Guggenheim of Keneseth Israel who donated $1,000.

1888: Over 6,000 costumes that had belonged to the “Hebrew theatrical company which occupied the old National Theatre on the Bowery” and were valued at $35,000 were sold at auction today.

1889(8thof Tishrei, 5650): Early this morning in New Orleans, Joseph M. Marcus, a young Jewish merchant and a silent partner in one of the gambling house that the Mayor has ordered closed shot himself in front of the main entrance to the Orleans Parish Prison.  (In Louisiana, “Parish” corresponds to a country in the rest of the United States.

1889: In Hamburg, Germany, and Rosalie (née Pratzka) and Carl Ignatius von Ossietzky gave birth to Carl von Ossietzky who won the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize for exposing Germany’s re-armament – an accomplishment for which he was arrested by the Nazi and imprisoned before dying prematurely.

1891(1stof Tishrei, 5652): On the day before the American Association plays its last game of the baseball season, Jews observe Rosh Hashanah

1891: High Holiday services were “at the new synagogue Temple Beth-El on 5thAvenue and Shearith Israel on West 19th Street which was reopened for worship.”

1891: Rabbi Mendelsohn conducted services for the first time at the new congregation formed at Long Island City which were attended by forty people.

1891: In Rochester, NY, Rabbi Max Landsberg delivered a sermon at Temple Beirth Kodesh based on the text “Hitherto the Eternal has helped us.”

1891. This is evening, the Society of Hebrew Charities gave a “Kosher” dinner to 200 Russian Jews who have not been allowed to enter the United States.  Moritz Silverstein oversaw the meal which was served on board the transfer barge moored at the Barge Office, the immigrant’s gateway to New York city.

1891: Joseph Barondess, the former leader of the Cloakmakers Union was brought back to New York from Quebec by a member of the Canadian and the bail bondsman who had put up the money to guarantee his appearance.

1891: Mr. Jesse Seligman is scheduled to set sail for Europe aboard the SS Etruria.

1892: As the fires continue to burn for the third day in a row near May’s Landing, New Jersey it is believed it was started by Jews “who were clearing land at one of the new settlements in the area.”

1893(23rdof Tishrei, 5654): Simchat Torah

1893: English vaudevillian David James (born David Belasco in 1839) passed away today leaving a fortune of £41,000 to his synagogue and other Jewish charities

1893: “Ex-court Chaplain Adolf Stocker of Berlin” the “leader of the Jew baiters” arrived in New York where he was met by Pastors Moldenke, Richter, Haas and Berkemeir.”

1894: The dismissal of the appeal of Herman Warszawiak, the converted Jew was the first item at today’s monthly meeting of the Presbytery of New York.

1895:  It was announced today the Executive Committee of the Central Conference of American Rabbis will meet at the Hebrew Union College on October 7th.

1896: On Long Island, the sons of two prominent New Yorkers claim that they had not stolen the horse as charged by Jewish dry good peddler Samuel Burnstein but had “found it on the road” as Justice Griffiths continue to hear evidence in the matter.

1898: Twenty-five year old Charles Koransky, the son of well-to-do merchant Joseph Koransky, who was suffering from consumption took a room at a hotel on Stanton Street owned by Abraham Solomon after having been forced to leave the hospital on Blackwell’s Island because he was Jewish.

1898: “New Rabbi for a Brooklyn Temple” published today described the installation ceremony of Leon M. Nelson the 23 year old Virginian and valedictorian of his class at the Hebrew Union College who is the new rabbi for Brooklyn’s Temple Israel.

1898: In Chicago, Rabbi Regoff and Master of Ceremonies David Kallis conducted a jubilee service of thanksgiving at  Anshe Knesset Israel celebrating the victories of Admiral Dewey during the Spanish-American War.+

1898: “Hebrew Infant Asylum” published today described the open house held at the new facility at 161st Street and Eagle House where visitors were greeted by Asylum President, Mrs. Ester Wallenstein and the Chair of the Board of Lady Managers, Mrs. E.L. Riecer.

1898:Herzl addresses a mass meeting in London, arranged by the B'nai Zion Association. Herzl speaks in German. A witness reports: "The souls of the people were in the hand of this man, and with the breath of his voice, which seldom rose above a low tone, he could do with them whatever he liked."

1903: Dorothy Levitt competed in the final heat of the Southport Speed Trials “shocking British society as she was the first English woman, a working secretary, to compete in a motor race.” (How much more would they have been shocked if they had known she was a Sephardic Jew whose family name had been Levi before her father Anglicized it to Levitt

1903: Austrian philosopher Otto Weininger “took a room in the house  where Ludwig van Beethoven died. He told the landlady that he was not to be disturbed before morning since he planned to work and then to go to bed late. Thay night he wrote two letters, one addressed to his father, the other one to his brother Richard, telling them that he was going to shoot himself.

1899: Birthdate of Gertrude Berg.  Berg played the role of Molly Berg on the television hit The Goldbergs.  Berg was the matriarch of the Jewish apartment dwellers living in Brooklyn.  Long before Seinfeld, Berg proved that America could enjoy New YorkJewish humor

1900(10th of Tishrei, 5661): Yom Kippur

1908: The first edition of Pravda was published in Vienna.  Its editors include Adolph Joffe, born Adolph Abramovich Joffe and Leon Trotskyborn Lev Davidovich Bronstein.  When anti-Semitism became synonymous with anti-Communism a European rabbi is reported to have quipped when the Trostkys make a revolution, the Bronsteins are the ones who suffer.

1908 (8th of Tishrei, 5669): In Houston Texas Adath Yshurun Shabbat Shuvah services begin at 8 a.m. The sermon for the morning is entitled “Repentance” which is delivered in German.

1910(29thof Elul, 5670): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1910:Reform congregation Emanu-El dedicated the first synagogue in the Arizona Territory today. This synagogue was designed by Ely Blount and it still stands at 564 South Stone Avenue, although Congregation Emanu-El stopped holding services here in 1949. The building is on the National Register of Historic Places and currently houses the Jewish Heritage Center of the Southwest.

1911: U.S. District Court Judge Hough issues a writ of habeas corpus after reviewing the order of immigration officials who excluded David Perriss and five other Turkish Jewish immigrants who arrived on Ellis Island on September 21.

1918: King Boris III accedes to the throne of Bulgaria which turned out to be a good thing for the Jewish people.  During World War II, Boris refused to accede to Hitler’s demands to ship his nations 50,000 Jews to Poland.  Boris attempted to work out of deal with the British that would enable him to send the Bulgarian Jews to Palestine.  The plan was blocked by Anthony Eden, Britain’s Foreign Minister. Eventually he would bend and allow 11,000 of the Jews living in territory recently annexed by Bulgaria to be taken.  But the bulk of the Bulgarian Jewish community survived.  Boris died of a heart attack after he had visited Hitler and refused his demand that Bulgaria declare war on the Soviet Union.  There are those, who with good reason, doubt that the Bulgarian monarch’s heart stopped due to natural causes.

1920: A meeting was held in Mr. Benjamin Natal's law office for the purpose of organizing a new congregation in Camden. NJ. The twenty-five men present included Harry Barroway, Dr. Otto Reiter, Reuben Pinsky and Manny Pearl. Each of the latter four contributed fifteen dollars and the dream became real. Others at that meeting were Louis Cades, Kolman Goldstein, Harry Teitelman, Herman Natal, Louis Berkowitz, Morris Handle and A. I. Rovner.

1921(1st of Tishrei, 5682): Jews celebrate Rosh Hashanah for the first time during the Presidency of Warren Harding.

1924: In Brooklyn, David and Edith Kurtzman gave birth to American cartoonist and editor of comic books and magazines Harvey Kurtzman the younger brother of Zachary Kurtman.

1925(15th of Tishrei, 5686): Sukkoth

1926: In Camden, NJ, Dr. Cyrus Adler was the guest speaker at the farewell dinner hosted by Beth-El Congregation for Rabbi Solomon Grayzel.

1926: The cornerstone for Congregation Beth Israel’s community center will be laid today in Richmond Hill, Long Island, (JTA)

1927: Mordechai Golinkin, conductor of the Palestine Opera and former director of the Petrograd Opera was detained by authorities at Ellis Island when he disembarked from the liner Patria on which he had traveled to the United States from Jaffa.  Mr. Golinkin has come to the United States to raise at least $200,000 for the construction of an opera house in Tel Aviv or Jerusalem.

1929: Paul J. Sachs, one of the founding members of The Museum of Modern Art, began serving as a Trustee.

1931: In Nkana, Simon and Phyllis (Hepker) Lakofski gave birth to Denise Lakofski who gained famed as American architect Denise Scott Brown

1934: Birthdate of Marcell David Reich, the native of Antwerp, Belgium who escaped the Holocaust to become on the world’s richest futures traders and an infamous fugitive from the American Justice System who was “sold his freedom” by President Clinton on his last day in office.

1935: Mussolini’s Italian Army invades Abyssinia (Ethiopia).  This first fascist attack on another nation goes virtually unanswered by the international community.  The lack of response strengthens Hitler’s notion that the decadent Western Allies will not stand in his way and thus this seemingly innocuous attack on a defenseless African nation is a major step on the road to World War II and the Final Solution.

1936:  Birthdate of composer Steve Reich.  One of the New Yorkborn composer’s works is entitled “T’hilim” which is based on Psalms 19, 34, 18 & 150.

1937:  Birthdate of Eli Jacobs, former owner of the Baltimore Orioles.

1937: The Palestine Post reported that the Mandatory Government, in consideration of the murder of Mr. L.Y. Andrews and his bodyguard on the steps of the Anglican Church in Nazareth, resolved to take strong steps against Arab terror. It stripped the Jerusalem Mufti, Haj Amin el-Husseini, of all his powers, declared the Arab Higher Committee illegal, and deported five top Arab leaders. Palestine Arabs went on strike, and youngsters poured boiling oil on shopkeepers who refused to close their shops in protest.

1938: In response to yesterday’s slaughter at Tiberius “the National Council of Palestine Jewry and all rabbinates in Palestine declared the cessation of all Jewish labor and closing of all Jewish-owned shops from 2 to 4 this afternoon as a sign of grief and mourning during the funerals of the victims.

1938: “Early this morning a Jewish engine driver was shot dead by an Arab while driving a freight train across the Acre gate level crossing at Haifa.”

1938: The Italian newspaper Tevere praised the Mussolini government for issuing a decree “rescinding the citizenship of all Jews who entered Italy after 1919.

1939: In response to the Nazi invasion of Poland, France, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia declared war on Germany.

1939: Mrs. David L. Isaacs is scheduled to address today meeting of the Women’s League for Palestine at the Park Royal Hotel in New York City.

1939: “Hanfstaengl  Is Interred by British as Alien Foe” published today included the ironic report that Ernst “Putzi” Hanfstagengl an early supporter of Hitler and Dr. Bernhard Weiss, the Jewish leader of the Berlin police who lost everything when Hitler came to power were both being interred as “enemy aliens” by Scotland Yard.

1939: In the next step in the Final Solution, the SS executes 26 Jews in the Polish border town of Wieruszow

1940(1stof Tishrei, 5701): Rosh Hashanah

1940: Hans and Margret Rey board a ship in Rio and set sail for New York City.

1940: The Warsaw Ghetto was “opened” on this date, which was Rosh Hashanah on the secular calendar.  The Nazis ordered 150,000 Jews to move into the ghetto.

1940: The French government at Vichyadopted the definition of a Jew established in the Nuremberg Laws.  The Vichygovernment was eager to be part of Hitler’s New Europe and willingly sacrificed Jews living in Franceto show their loyalty.

1940: Vichy (Occupied) France passes anti-Semitic legislation. Vichy's anti-Jewish laws, the first Statut des Juifs, are modeled on the German Nuremberg Laws, and, like them, are widely accepted. Passed in anticipation of Nazi pressure, the laws' primary aims are to force Jews out of public service, teaching, financial occupations, public relations, and the media.

1941: Nazi's blow up 6 synagogues in Paris

1941:  All elderly Jewish men of Kerenchug Ukraine, are killed by SS 

1942(22nd of Tishrei, 5703): Shmini Atzeret

1942(22nd of Tishrei, 5703): At the Treblinka death camp, Jews from Zelechów, Poland, are murdered.

1942:A doctor working at Auschwitz entered in his diary the following for this date, “Today I preserved fresh material from the human liver, spleen and pancreas, also lice from persons infected with typhus. The medical experiments continue.”

1943(4th of Tishrei, 5704): Tzom Gedaliah

1943(4th of Tishrei, 5704): On a routine barracks inspection at the Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp, an SS doctor decides that 139 inmates are unfit to work. These inmates are promptly gassed.

1943: In Swinemunde, approximately 200 Danish Jews who were not able to escape to Sweden “were driven into two cattle cars by their Nazi captors.

1944: The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, who was living in Berlin, wrote to Heinrich Himmler proposing the establishment of an Arab-Islamic Army in Germany.

1945: According to reports coming from Cairo, “British warships cruised of the coast of Palestine and air force unites patrolled the skies today to prevent the illegal entry of Jews into Palestine.”

1945: During a press conference in Cairo, Claude Pepper, the U.S. Senator from Florida said “that the Palestine problem should be settled by an international organization.” This stance put him at odds with the government of Iraq which issued a statement tonight that said only the Arabs had the right to determine who should be allowed to settle and live in Palestine.

1947: New York City begins its observance of Fire Prevention Week.  One of the highlights of the week’s celebration “will be the presentation of a reconditioned pumping engine to the Tel Aviv volunteer fire brigade at city hall.”

1948: A company of the 1st Battalion commanded by Assaf Simchoni took action against an Arab gang in Kaft Kanna on the Tiberias-Nazareth Road.  The village had become a center for Arab gangs who were waging attacks on Jews in the Lower Galilee and the Zevulum Valley.

1949: Yitzhak Gruenbaum completes his term as Israelis first Minister of Interior.

1949(10th of Tishrei, 5710): Yom Kippur

1949:Haim-Moshe Shapira begins serving as Israel’s second Minister of Interior

1948: Birthdate of author, talk show host and critic, Michael Medved

1951: NBC radio broadcast the first episode of “Barrie Craig, Confidential Investigator” directed by Himan Brown.

1951: Sixty-nine year old John D. Whiting passed away in Jerusalem.

http://www.israeldailypicture.com/2013/06/a-photo-diary-from-palestine-1936-by.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+IsraelsHistory-APictureADaybeta+%28Israel%27s+History+-+a+Picture+a+Day+%28Beta%29%29

1952(14th of Tishrei, 5713): Erev Sukkot

1952(14thof Tishrei, 5713): Seventy-eight year old Zevulun "Zavel" Kwartin a Ukrainian born American chazzan who was the grandfather of American opera singer Evelyn Lear passed away today.

1952: The Jerusalem Post reported at length on the visit of an official Burmese delegation, a welcome sign of improved relations with other East Asian countries.  In attempt to break out of the diplomatic isolation that the Arabs and their supports sought to impose on the Jewish state, Israelworked to develop positive relations with small nations of Asiaand Africa as they gained their independence from the European powers.  These nations saw Israelas a source of western technology and other such technical aid without the threat of being drawn into the Cold War.  This policy was successful until the Arab Oil Embargo.

1953(24th of Tishrei, 5714):Florence Rena Sabin an American medical scientist passed away. She was a pioneer for women in science; she was the first woman to hold a full professorship at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, the first woman elected to the National Academy of Sciences, and the first woman to head a department at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. In her retirement years, she pursued a second career as a public health activist in Colorado, and in 1951 received a Lasker Award for this work. Eventually

1955(17thof Tishrei, 5716): Sukkoth (3) Chol Hamoed

1955(17thof Tishrei, 5716): Sixty-two year old Major General Julius Ochs Adler passed away. (There are some who say that he died on October 2 but his tombstone clearly shows October 3)
http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/jadler.htm

http://www.jta.org/1955/10/04/archive/maj-gen-julius-ochs-adler-dies-in-new-york-served-in-both-world-wars

1956: In Perth, Australia, composer George Dreyfus, a refugee from Nazi Germany and his wife gave birth to Australian political leader Mark Alfred Dreyfus.

1959(1stof Tishrei, 5720): The shofar is not sounded on Rosh Hashanah because it is Shabbat.

1960: New York City's independent, WNTA Channel 13 broadcast a segment of “The Dybbuk” directed by Sidney Lumet today.

1967: Famed folk singer and composer Woody Guthrie passed away. The Oklahomanative moved to New Yorkin 1940 where he met and married a Jewish dancer named Marjorie Mazia. Only recently have many people become aware of the impact that Mazia and her mother, the author and Yiddish poet Aliza Greenblatt, had on his works.  The Klezmatics and Woody’s son, Arlo Guthrie have recorded several of the songs from this period in Woody’s life.

1973: Birthdate of Canadian actress Neve Adrianne Campbell, the descendant of Sephardic Jews who converted to Catholicism who says, "I am a practicing Catholic, but my lineage is Jewish, so if someone asks me if I'm Jewish, I say yes". (I’ll let you sort this one out

1973: After having submitted an initial report on October 1, Lieutenant Binyamin Siman-Tov, a research for Aman (The Directorate of Military Intelligence) prepared an “even more comprehensive assessment” along the Suez Canal in which he warned that the Egyptians were preparing for a cross-canal attack – a warning that was dismissed out of hand by his superiors.

1973: At a meeting with Golda Meir and several of her senior advisers, Moshe Dayan said that recent Egyptian and Syrian military concentrations on the Suez Canal and Golan Heightswere ‘unusual’ but left no impressions that war was imminent. (This has to be one of the greatest errors in judgment in history (not just Jewish history) since the Yom Kippur War would begin three days later with Egyptian forces crossing the Suez Canal.)

1976(9th of Tishrei, 5737): Erev Yom Kippur; Kol Nidre is chanted for the last time during the Presidency of Gerald Ford.

1977(21stof Tishrei, 5738) Hoshanah Rabbah

1977:The Jerusalem Post reported that 30 Gush Emunim members moved into CampShomron, the first of six such settlements approved by the cabinet, all of them to be established within the next 10 weeks.

1980 (23rd of Tishrei, 5741): Simchat Torah

1980(23rd of Tishrei, 5741): A  bomb hidden in a motorcycle's saddlebags detonated outside the Synagogue on the Rue Copernic in France exploded killing four people and wounding twenty others. Among the dead was Aliza Shagrir, 42, the wife of Micha Shagrir, a well-known television, film and documentary producer who lives in Jerusalem. The bombing was part of a string of attacks by Arab terrorists aimed at the Jews of Europe that included bombings in Vienna (August, 1981) and Brussels (October, 198

1987(10th of Tishrei, 5748): Yom Kippur

1989(4th of Tishrei, 5750): Joseph Wybran was assassinated by terrorists in the parking lot of Erasme Hospital in Brussels where he was working as head of the immunology department. The 49-year-old Wybran was then president of CCOJB, the umbrella group of Jewish organizations in Belgium.

1990(14th of Sukkoth, 5751): Erev Sukkot

1990: Ninety-five year old Beatrice Alexander, known as “Madame Alexander” passed away today.

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/BAlexander.html
http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-life-and-religion/131508/the-woman-behind-the-dolls?utm_source=tabletmagazinelist&utm_campaign=1e5aa771e2-5_7_2013&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_c308bf8edb-1e5aa771e2-206644398

1991: In a press release, The Swedish Academy awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature for 1991 to Nadine Gordimer.

1995(9th of Tishrei, 5756): Erev Yom Kippur

1996: Jewish American attorney Edward Fagan filed a suit against the Swiss bank UBSin a New York federal district court. The appellant was Gizella Weisshaus, an elderly holocaust survivor from Romaniawho attempted, for a half a century to obtain the funds her father deposited in the Swiss bank.  Wisshaus initially paid her legal fees to Fagan in the form of cakes and kugel.  Her lawsuit was part of the battle waged by Holocaust survivors against Swiss banks by groups.

1997(2nd of Tishrei, 5758): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1997(2nd of Tishrei, 5758): Eighty-four year old Barcuh Ostrosky of Jerusalem died today from the wounds he suffered during the bombing of the Mahane Yehuda Market in Jerusalem.


1998: Pope John Paul II beatified Cardinal Alojzije Stepinac, the World War II archbishop of Zagreband a controversial figure because many Serbs and Jews accused him of sympathizing with the Nazis.

1998: Michael David Danby who belongs to the Australian Labor Party began serving as a member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Division of Melbourne Ports, Victoria

1999(23rdof Tishrei, 5760): As the world worries about Y2K, Jews celebrate Simchat Torah safe in the knowledge that their study of the parchment scrolls will not be affected by any crashing computers.

1999: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including World View in Painting—Art and Society: Selected Papers by Meyer Schapiro and To Believe in Women:What Lesbians Have Done for America -- A History by Lillian Faderman.

2002(27th of Tishrei, 5763):  Bruce Paltrow, a graduate of Tulane University and renowned television producer passed away.

2003: During The Dershowitz–Finkelstein affair, Norman Finkelstein argued in a letter published in today’s Harvard Crimson that Alan Dershowitz had reproduced two of Joan Peters’ mistakes and made one of his in own concerning the use of quotations from the works of Mark Twain.

2003:Elliott Adnopoz, the Brooklyn born son of a Jewish doctor better known as Ramblin Jack Elliot, appears at the Bottom Line in New York’s Greenwich Village.

2003(29th of Tevet, 5763): William Steig, cartoonist and author of children’s books passed away.  Born in 1907, Steig had his first cartoon published in the New Yorker Magazine in 1930.  Over the years, the magazine would publish 1600 of his cartoons and his works would be featured on 117 covers of the ultimate in sophisticated, literary magazines.  In 1970, he won the Caldecott Medal for his children’s work entitled Sylvester and the Magic Pebble.

2004: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including The Plot Against America by Philip Roth, Will in the World:  How Shakespeare Became Shakespeareby Stephen Greenblatt, America (The Book)  A Citizen's Guide to Democracy In Action by Jon Stewart, Ben Karlin and David Javerbaum and The Know-It-All: One Man's Humble Quest to Become the Smartest Person in the Worldby A. J. Jacobs.

2005: In major economic news, Haaretzreported that Ohio farmers and researchers have begun working with their counterparts in Israel on projects ranging from beef-cattle genetics to disease-suppressing compost in hopes the relationship will open new markets for both places.

2005(29th of Elul, 5765: Erev Rosh Hashanah

2005(29th of Elul, 5765):Sarah Levy-Tanai, founder of the Inbal dance troupe and one of the country's most important choreographers, passed away at the age of 95.

2007: Dr. Charles Friedgood who was convicted of killing his wife in 1977 and sentenced to a term of twenty-five years to life turns 89, making him the oldest inmate in a New York State Prison.

2007(22nd of Tishrei, 5768: Hoshana Rabah

2008: As part of the yearlong celebration of Leon Fleisher’s 80thbirthday, a concert is held in Boston, MA entitled “Leon Fleisher and Friends” that includes keyboard colleagues and former students Yefim Bronfman, Jonathan Biss and Katherine Jacobson-Fleisher, Fleisher’s wife.

2008: The Times of London features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including The American History: A Future by Simon Schama

2009:Rachel Simmons, whose mother Claire is a Jewish Historian, discusses and signs The Curse of the Good Girl: Raising Authentic Girls with Courage and Confidenceat Politics and Prose Bookstore in Washington, D.C.

2009 (15 Tishrei, 5770): First Day of Sukkoth

2009: Captain Ben Sklaver's body arrived at Dover Air Force Base in Delaware.

2010:Israeli pianist Shaban is scheduled to perform at the JCC in Manhattan.

2010: In an episode of “The Simpsons” televised today entitled “Loan-a-Lisa,” Mark Zuckerberg provided the voice for the cartoon character portraying the founder of Facebook

2010: Catcher Bradley David "Brad" Ausmus ended his major league career today as a member of the Los Angeles Dodgers.

2010: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish writers and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including A Privilege to Die: Inside Hezbollah’s Legions and Their Endless War Against Israel by Thanassis Cambanis and the recently released paperback edition of Homer & Langleyby E. L. Doctorow

2010: The Los Angeles Times featured reviews of books by Jewish writers and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including To the End of the Landby David Grossman.

2011: At New York City’s Park East Synagogue, Senator Joseph Lieberman is scheduled to deliver the 6th Annual Gershon Jacobson Memorial Lecture which will also serve as a celebration of “The Gift of Rest.”

2011: Today marks the kickoff of the week when the Nobel Prizes are announced. It was today announced that three scientists won the Nobel Prize in medicine for discoveries about the immune system that opened new avenues for the treatment and prevention of infectious illnesses and cancer. Two of the three - American Bruce Beutler and Canadian-born Ralph Steinman of blessed memory – are Jewish.  Steinman passed away on January 30, 2011.

2011: A Libyan Jew who returned from exile as Muammar Gaddafi's regime fell said today he is facing death threats over his attempts to restore Tripoli's abandoned and crumbling main synagogue. David Gerbi, a 56-year-old psychoanalyst who fled with his family to Italy at the age of 12, said he was facing discrimination and being ignored by Libya's new authorities in his efforts to reopen the Dar Bishi synagogue and gain recognition for Jews who fled Libya during Gaddafi's rule."This already happened 44 years ago and now it's happening again," Gerbi, wearing a skullcap on his head and Star of David pendant, said.

 2011: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's zigzagging on the government vote over the Trajtenberg Committee recommendations for social change in Israel may already be taking a political toll.
 

2011: Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu met with visiting US Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta, today, thanking him and US President Barack Obama for "strengthening the alliance and cooperation" between Israel and the US. Netanyahu reiterated his belief that peace can only be achieved "through direct negotiations between the parties." He called on Panetta to encourage Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas to enter direct negotiations without preconditions, in accordance with the Quartet's initiative to re-start peace talks. Panetta also met with Defense Minister Ehud Barak and Abbas today and was scheduled to travel to Egypt tomorrow.

2012:Graveside services for Ronald Farber (Z"L) are scheduled to be held today at the Agudas Achim Cemetery in Iowa City.

2012: In a drastic move this evening, Haaretz employees voted 125-68 to go on a one-day strike, meaning that tomorrow’s paper will not be printed.

2012:Defense Minister Ehud Barak defended his contacts with the United States this morning after the Likud accused him of working to deepen tensions between Israel and its ally.

2012:The IDF evacuated tourists from the top of Mount Hermon this afternoon, after sighting dozens of Syrians – many of them armed with guns – in civilian clothing approaching the Israel – Syria border.

2012: In Fairfax, VA, Chabad is scheduled to sponsors “Subs in the Sukkoth

2013:"Never Again: Witnessing and Preserving the Memories of Holocaust Survivors"
is scheduled to be presented at the Lawrence Family JCC in San Diego, CA

2013: The Jewish Community Center of Northern Virginia is scheduled to sponsor a program on American Jewish humor that covers the “Golden Age of TV,” books and cartoons, film and audio albums, one-liners and classic jokes — from Henny Youngman and Harry Golden to Sid Caesar and “The 2000 Year Old Man.”

2013: On the day before Rosh Chodesh, Rabbi Shmuel Rabinowitz requested that haredi Orthodox girls not fill the plaza for the next Women of the Wall service which will be held tomorrow.

2013: Israeli and Palestinian negotiating teams meet today for the 8th time since direct peace talks were resumed last July (As reported by Barak Ravid)

2013: In London, Dr. Wendy Lower is scheduled to deliverthe inaugural Pears Annual Lecture, in which she discusses her latest book, Hitler's Furies: German Women in the Nazi Killing Fields

2013: Sara J. Bloomfield sends e-mail announcing that the U.S. Holocuast Memorial Museum is closed until further notice due to the “federal government shutdown.”

2014(9th of Tishrei, 5775): Erev Yom Kippur

2014(9th of Tishrei, 5775): In Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Ilan Kaplan is scheduled to chant Kol Nidre which is part of an unbroken chain of over 120 years of traditional services dating back to the founding of Beth Jacob.

 

 

This Day, October 4, In Jewish History by Mitchell A. Levin

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OCTOBER 4

610:  Heraclius attacks Constantinople, overthrows the Byzantine Emperor Phocas Augustus and proclaims himself Emperor. The Christian Emperor attacked his Persian neighbors to the east with disastrous results. In 614, the advancing Persian Army under General Roizanes seized Jerusalem and gave it to the Jews to govern.  Three years later Roizanes would change his mind but the 150,000 Jews of Palestine had enjoyed a brief taste of self-government. In an irony of history, Heraclius entered into an alliance with the Khazars, the people who would convert to Judaism two centuries later, and finally defeated the Persians’  This defeat brought Byzantine rule back to Jerusalem with the attendant negative consequences for the Jewish population.

1209: Otto IV is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III In 1205 he announced: "God is not displeased, but, rather, finds it acceptable that the Jewish dispersion shall live under Catholic kings and Christian priests. He maintained that Jews were directly subject to Christians and declared that Jews were guilty of “intolerable sin” i.e. the killing of Christ "The Jews' guilt of the crucifixion of Jesus consigned them to perpetual servitude, and, like Cain, they are to be wanderers and fugitives. The Jews will not dare to raise their necks, bowed under the yoke of perpetual slavery, against the reverence of the Christian faith."  As to Otto IV the only connection with the Jews appears to be artistic. In 1839, the German born Jewish painter Moritz Daniel Oppenheim would be commissioned to paint a portrait of Otto IV.Innocent III was no friend of the Jews.

1289:  Birthdate Louis X, King of France from 1314 to 1316.  Louis’s father, Phillip the Fair, had confiscated the property of his Jewish subjects and banished them from the kingdom in 1306.  His son discovered that this was a bad business decision for the government.  The confiscated property had less value than the taxes the Jews had been paying.   Also, the Christians who had replaced the Jews were charging higher rates of interest when lending money.  So, reluctantly, the man known as Louis the Stubborn permitted the Jews to return to the realm.

1535: The first complete English-language Bible (the Coverdale Bible) is printed, with translations by William Tyndale and Miles Coverdale.  Since the printing included “the Old Testament” this maybe the earliest translation of some version of the TaNaCh into English

1582:   Pope Gregory XIII proclaims what is now called the Gregorian calendar which goes into effect with a ten day adjustment.  The, the day after October 4 was October 15.  The new calendar would slowly gained in popularity, but it was not until the twentieth century that such places as Russia finally adopted the “new calendar.”  The eleven day wrinkle would present challenges for Jews who would convert their calendar and holiday observances to those of the calendars used in the societies in which they lived.

1669: The great Dutch painter Rembrandt passed away today. For more about Rembrandt and the Jewish people see:





1712: Utrecht banishes poor Jews 

1768(23rdof Tishrei, 5529): Simchat Torah

1775(10thof Tishrei, 5536): First Yom Kippur during the American Revolution.

1791: As a sign of the support for the Dutch monarchy the Jews in the Netherlands joined in celebrating the marriage of the Prince of Orange (the future King William I) to his first cousin Frederica Louisa Wilhelmina..

1794(10thof Tishrei, 5555): Yom Kippur

1796(2NDof Tishrei, 5557): Israel Baer Kursheedt observed the second day of the Jewish New Year in religious solitude since he was the only Jew aboard the Simonhoff, an American brig sailing across the Atlantic to Boston, MA.

1800(15thof Tishrei, 5561): As Adams and Jefferson face off in the U.S. Presidential election to be held next month, Jews observe the first Sukkoth of the 19thcentury

1809: (25 Tishrei, 5570): On the secular calendar Levi Yitzchak of Berditchev - a great Chasidic Rebbe, leader and scholar – passed away.  Born in 1740, he studied under Dov Baer the Maggid of Mezhirech, and became one of his close friends.  Levi Yitzchak stressed the joy in serving God emphasizing the idea of connecting to God through fervent prayer. He always accentuated the good and the positive that was in people. Levi Yitzchak composed Chasidic music and is immortalized by his vivaciously optimistic parables. One of his sayings was, “Whether a man really loves God can be determined by his love for his fellow men.”  Levi Yitzchak had his spiritual side, but he also was very much of this world.  When he discovered the terrible working conditions of the young girls who were working in the factories baking matzoth, he declared, “The enemies of the Jews accuse us of baking matzoth with the blood of Christians.  They are wrong.  We are baking them with the blood of Jews.”

1813(10thof Tishrei, 5574): As Americans continue their fight with the British in the War of 1812, Yom Kippur is observed.

1822: Birthdate of Rutherford B Hayes, 19thPresident of the United States.  To most Americans, Hayes is the winner the 1876 Hayes-Tilden election; an election in which the Democrat Tilden won the popular vote, but thanks to a twisted compromise was won by Hayes in the electoral college.  For Jews the Hayes Presidency marked an even greater acceptance of the role of Jews in politics and American society.  As evidence of this we find William Evarts, Secretary of State under Hayes, saying in an 1879 speech, “this government has ever felt a deep interest in the welfare of the Hebrew race in foreign counties” which was a green light for American Jews to urge the American government to use its auspices with governments of Eastern Europe on behalf of their oppressed Jewish citizens.

1825(22nd of Tishrei, 5586): Shemini Atzeret

1830: Creation of the state of Belgium.  Jews are first reported to have lived in what is now Belgium in the first century when they settled their as part of the Roman Empire.  The first phase of the Jewish community ended in the 14th century when the Jews were killed or forced to leave because of their alleged role in the bringing of the Black Plague.  Jews returned in the 16thcentury. When the modern state of Belgium was created “Judaism was recognized immediately. Brussels, with a more French influenced Jewish community, had a higher rate of assimilation, while Antwerp, influenced by Yiddish and Flemish, retained traditional forms of Jewish life.”  The independence of Belgium had been guaranteed by the Great Powers.  In 1914, when German invaded Belgiumas part of its plan to conquer France, the British felt compelled to declare war on the Germans.  This was the final act that guaranteed the war would be a World War.  Not only did the war bring suffering to the Jews of Europe (especially in the East) but as we know it paved the way for the WWII and the Shoah.  So much history flows from one minor event on the calendar.

1832(10th of Tishrei, 5593): Yom Kippur

1838(15th of Tishrei, 5599): Sukkoth

1839: (25 Tishrei, 5600): Moshe (Moses) Sofer of Pressburg passed away.  Born in 1762 in Germany, this famous Rabbi  was also know as the Chatam Sofer from a name given to a collection of his writings.  His last name, Sofer, means scribe in English, indicating that his family engaged in this time-honored important profession. He was invited to lead the Pressburg (Hungary) community which he did with such success that it its yeshiva became one of the leading places of Jewish learning in Europe.  One of the unique characteristics of his yeshiva was its emphasis on physical fitness.  His students were required to swim in the Danubeon a regular basis.  He wrote a voluminous collection of Responsa called Chidushai Teshuvot Moshe Sofer(Novella and Responsa of Moses Sofer). It was divided into four parts containing 1377 Responsa. He was a strong supporter of rigid orthodoxy, especially pertaining to change in synagogue ritual. He stood in opposition to the Reform, Chasidic and embryonic Zionist movements.  He did believe in supporting the existing community in Palestineand eventually, the Pressburg Yeshiva would relocate to Jerusalem under the leadership of his great-grandson.

1843(10th of Tishrei, 5604): Nine days before the founding of B’nai Brith in New York City, Jews observe Yom Kippur

1847: The Paris Opera began performing a revised version Fromental Halevy’s “Charles VI,” a grand opera in five acts.

1849(15thof Tishrei, 5610): As people from all over the world flock to California in search of newly discovered gold, Jews observe Sukkoth

1852: An article entitled “Germany” published today reported that the outbreak of cholera in Pomerania has struck the Jewish community with an even greater fury than the general population.  The Jews of Pomerania have written to their co-religionists in Posen asking for assistance in dealing with this crisis.

1852: An article entitled “Sweden: Minutes and Disturbances” published today reported on violent attacks on Jews living in Stockholm.  The violence lasted for three nights.  They were caused by an article in the Voice of the People that “excited the populace against the Jews.” The editor of the paper was among those arrested by the police.

1853(2ndof Tishrei, 5614): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1854: A column styled "Foreign Items of Literary and Personal News" published today reported that a religious book entitled Life from the Dead by Israel Pick, a Jew  from Bucharest who had converted to Christianity has been translated from German into English. After leaving Judaism and before becoming a Christian, Pick had spent time as Pantheist and an Atheist.

1856: Birthdate of Russian born American journalist and anarchist Abraham Isaak.

1858: In an article styled “The President and the Jews” published today teported that President Buchanan had made use of the phrase " all the nations of Christendom," in his answer to Queen Victoria’s message transmitted by the Atlantic Telegraph. This expression gave offence to Dr. Isidor Kalisch, rabbi of the Ben Jeshurun Congregation in the city of Milwaukee, who wrote to the President demanding an explanation. Isidor Kalisch was a German born Reform Rabbi who held a number of pulpits in a wide variety of American Cities, wrote a prayer book tailored to the needs of the American Jewish community and worked on behalf of women’s rights before his death in 1886.

1859: Swedish businessman and patron of the arts August Abrahamson married Eufrosyne Abrahamson

1862: The Jews of Baden were unconditionally emancipated. In spite of the fact that much of Prussia had removed the anti-Jewish disabilities years earlier, Baden had refused conditioning it on Jewish cession of outward characteristics. The Jews did not yield on this point and the emancipation took place.

1862(10th of Tishrei, 5623): Yom Kippur

1862: During the Civil War Union forces including Jewish soldiers from Indiana fight the second and last day of the Battle of Corinth where they face Southern forces that include Jewish soldiers from Mississippi.

1862: The Charleston (South Carolina) Mercury reported that, “yesterday was the commencement of Yom Kippur, or the Jewish Day of Atonement, one of the three great holy days observed by the sons of the sons of Israel throughout the world. These are the Passover, when the passage of the Israelites over the Red Sea is celebrated in the feast of unleavened bread, typical of the Eucharistic sacrifice of the Christian dispensation; the Feast of Tabernacles, to denote that the sons of Jacob once dwelt in tents in the wilderness; and the Day of the Atonement, when each Jew was enjoined to redeem his soul figuratively by the presentation of a half shekel, and nothing less or more, whether the presentee be rich or poor. The day is celebrated by the modern Jews by a strict fast. Their places of business are all closed, and their synagogues are all opened. On the eve of the great day the Holy Book of the Law is brought from the Ark with great ceremony and read by the hazan, or minister. Prayers are held in all the synagogues from that time till the next night — literally even to even — by the faithful Israelites, who are expected to [cleanse] their souls by abstaining from meat and drink. At the close of the day — that is the evening — a good lookout is kept for the first star, when the previous fast of twenty four hours gives way to a very sensible feast, and happy is he or she who first discovers that same first star.”

1864: In Brooklyn,Mr. Michael Jacobs brought charges against Patrolman George W. Osward claiming that “the officer had arrested him without cause, manacled him and been privy to the breaking of his furniture. It appeared that the complainant had beaten one of his fellow Jews and that the officer had pursued Mr. Jacobs into his house and had only handcuffed him after Jacobs had resisted the officer. A witness was introduced to show that the officer had arrested Jacobs for fighting, and it appeared that the combat rose from a dispute concerning religious matters, one of the disputants having characterized the other as an apostate Jew, and asserted that he had perjured himself three times in court.” Charges against the officer were dismissed since it was “clear that the officer had been guilty of no offence whatever.” In dismissing the complainant, the presiding officer of the court advised Mr. Jacobs to appeal to Rabbi Morris Raphall.  Apparently the judge felt that Mr. Jacobs case was really a religious dispute and apparently Rabbi Raphall was well known in secular as well as Jewish circles.

1867(5thof Tishrei, 5628): Seventy-eight year old Eduard Kley  an early leader of the Reform movement who replaced Bar Mitzvah with Confirmation and led services on Sunday passed away today in Hamburg, Germany.

1872(2ndof Tishrei 5633): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1872: It was reported today that the business places owned by Jews in Jersey City, New Jersey, were closed yesterday because of Rosh Hashanah.

1874(23rdof Tishrei, 5635): Simchat Torah

1875: In Baltimore, MD, Dr. Phillip Moses Russell and Esther (Mordecai) Russell to Judith Russell Nathans.

1875: It was reported today that the Board of Education of Chicago has been dealing with the issue of the Bible in public schools.  Catholics, Jews and non-sectarians are opposed to the reading. Baptist and Methodist leaders have been quite outspoken in their opposition to the removal of Bible readings from the opening class ceremonies.  The issue has drawn national attention including comments from Rabbi Kaufmann Kohler who thinks that Christianity could benefit from the removal of Scripture from the public schools.

1875: It was reported today that the Governor of Baghdad has sent a telegram to the Porte (Ottoman Empire) denying a report that a Turks living in that city had murder a Jew.

1876: Texas A&M University opens as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, becoming the first public institution of higher education in Texas. By 1916, there were enough Jews on campus to justify the formation of an organization dedicated to their needs.  It was called the TAMC Menorah Club and it was organized by Dr. Jacob Joseph Taubenhaus, a native of Safed who was chief of the plant pathology and physiology division of the school from 1916 to 1937.  In 1920, the club became the TAMC Hillel Club technically making it the oldest Hillel House in the United States; older even than the Hillel at the University of Illinois which was not founded until 1923 and is usually credited with being the first Hillel House.

1877: The Budapest University of Jewish Studies (Landesrabbinerschule) opened today.Rabbi Wilhelm Bacher, a noted Orientalist who had been named to a professorship at the school, delivered the inaugural address. The seminary was funded by the government to promote “Neolog Judaism” a mildly reformist movement.  The school taught a mixture of Judaism and Hungarian culture that would help the Jews be ardent Hungarian nationlists.

1877: It was reported today that in the last fortnight, 500 Jews who are fleeing from “the cruelties and persecutions” of the Bulgarians have sought refuge in Wallachia. The Bulgarians had stolen everything from the Jews who owed their lives to detachments of The Russian Army who took them across the border where they could be cared for by their Romanian co-religionists.  The Romanian Jews have already shown their generosity by providing funds for the purchase of field ambulances to be used by the army.  Their behavior put “to shame the noisy but empty protestations” of “the Christian wearers of the Geneva Cross.” [This is a reference to the Red Cross.  The events described took place during the Russo-Turkish War.]

1877: It was reported today that the term Israelite “is being substituted for the insulting expression” of Pharisee “long…in use to designate the chosen people.  According to one author “an Israelite was only a Jew who had made a fortune.”

1878: Harry Marks was named editor of “The Jewish Journal,” a weekly publication that had first appeared in 1869.

1878: Birthdate of Selmar Aschheim, the Berlin born gynecologist who developed a pregnancy test that bears his name.  He fled Nazi Germany in 1933 but survived the war.  He passed away in 1965.

1882(21stof Tishrei, 5643): Hoshanah Rabah

1884(15thof Tishrei): Sukkoth

1884: As of today, the Church Missionary Society has spent $600,000 since 1851 and the London Jews’ Society has spent $150,000 since 1877 on “missions to the Jews of Palestine and neither has a single convert to show for the money spent.

1884: Birthdate of American writer Damon Runyon. Runyon was not Jewish. But he was the writer who brought a certain slice of New York life to America; a slice of life often connected with the Jewish subculture.  Runyon was a native of Manhattan, Kansas that is, but he was able to bring to life the ethnic existence of Manhattan, New York, including Mindy’s cheese cake and Nathan Detroit who was modeled after Arnold Rothstein.  But Runyon could also be a serious defender of Jews when attacked by anti-Semites.  When Jews were vilified as cowards Runyon used the heroics of Sergeant Sam Dreben to express his feelings in a now-famous poem, "The Fighting Jew." In this poem, Runyon wrote that whenever he read about prejudices against the Jews and of racial hatred, he was reminded of the heroic fighting Jew, Sam Dreben. He was also reminded of the Distinguished Service Cross, the Croix de Guerre, the Militare and other medals that were awarded to Sergeant Dreben. Runyon ended his poem with: “THANK GOD ALMIGHTY, WE WILL ALWAYS HAVE A FEW, LIKE DREBEN A JEW. The Broadway musical and movie, “Guys and Dolls” was based on characters created by Runyon

1884: Alexander Edelstein, an English born Jew who had come to the United States about 15 months ago, was arrested on charges of having collected commission from his employer on “bogus orders.”

1885: The sanctuary at Temple Emanu-El in New York City was completely filled with mourners who had come to attend this afternoon’s memorial service in honor of the late Sir Moses Montefiore.

1886: Police Inspector Wood is to be arrested and arraigned on charges related to the death of Max Aronson who was allegedly beaten by the police who then denied him medical attention.

1887: Publication of “Jews in Shushan” by Rudyard Kipling


1889(9thof Tishrei, 5650): Erev Yom Kippur

1889: Insomnia and fear of suffering major loss due to the crackdown on gambling house was the reason given today for the death of Jewish businessman Joseph M. Marchus who shot himself yesterday in front of the Orleans Parish Prison.

1889: “The Fast of Yom Kippur” published today described the rituals of “the Day of Atonement” during which the Orthodox practices a 24 hour fast that “allows neither food nor drink to pays his lips;” an observance of which “has fallen into disuse among the Reform Jews.”

1889: “About five hundred members and guests of the Pioneers of Liberty, an organization recently formed by the United Hebrew Trades” were turned away from Clarendon Hall tonight where they had expected to hear a concert and dance at a ball. The disappointed revelers claimed that the manager of the hall been intimated into closing the venue by a group of Orthodox Jews.

1889: “Gamblers Commit Suicide” published today described the impact of New Orleans May Shakespeare’s closing of the gambling establishments in the Crescent City.  Among those who apparently died by their own hand was a young Jew named Joseph Marcus who was “a silent partner” in one such establishment and was driven to this by fear of great economic loss.

1891(2nd of Tishrei, 5652): On the day the American Association plays its last game of the baseball season, Jews observe Rosh Hashanah

1891: In Alpena, Michigan, Temple Beth El hosted Rosh Hashanah services as part of the compromise between Orthodox and Reform members of the congregation.

1891: “Russia’s Persecuted Jews” published today includes a summary of the sermon given by Dr/ Max Landsberg, the Rochester rabbi who praised the articles written by Harold Frederic and published by the New York Times that provided a first hand of the wretched conditions under which Russian Jews are living.”

1891: Joseph Barondess, the former head of the Cloakmakers’ Union remained in jail today after having been returned from Canada.  Barondess had been out on bail while he appealed his conviction on charges of extorting money from the city’s cloak manufacturers for which he was sentenced to 21 months in prison.  Barondess claimed that he had only gone to Quebec to seek work since nobody would hire him in New York and that he had every intention of returning once he had earned some money.

1891: A list of courses to be offered by Cornell University published today included an “Introduction to a History of the Jews” taught by Dr. W.F. Wilcox, “Hebrew Poetry” taught by Dr. O.F. Emerson who will apply “sympathetic literary criticism” to a study of Job and Psalms and “The Book of Samuel,” a course open only to women. (Editor’s note – no reason is given for this)

1891: Abraham Langer, a Jew who owns a poultry shop on Ridge Street was robbed while driving his wagon tonight by two knife-wielding men while he was on his way to buy animals to sell to his customers.

1892: Captain Crémieu-Foa, the anti-Semitic French officer who had been transferred to Tunis to avoid any further duels with Jewish officers was part of the French force that attacked the rebels at Poguessa in Dahomey.

1893: “Dr. A. Stocker, Anti-Semite” published today described the arrival in New York of Adolf Stocker, the former chaplain at the court of the Kaiser who “is known throughout the civilized world as an ardent leader of the anti-Semitic agitation in Germany.”
1894: Max Moskowitz, the first witness to testify before the Lexow Committee, told about a friend of his who was arrested for selling sandwiches on a Sunday but was able to avoid jail time by paying “$2 to the doorman at the police station.”

1895: “Meeting of Rabbis in Cincinnati” published today described plans for the upcoming meeting of the Executive Committee of the Central Conference of Rabbis.

1898: “Realizing that he was dying Charles Koransky had hotel keeper Abraham Solomon summon his friend Jacob Janowitz to his bedside, who realizing how desperate the situation was called for an ambulance to take him Gouverneur Hospital.

1901(21st of Tishrei, 5662): Hoshanah Rabah

1903 (13th of Tishrei, 5664): Erratic Austrian author Otto Weininger passes away, apparently at his own hand.

1906 (15th of Tishrei, 5667): Sukkoth

1906 (15th of Tishrei, 5667):  Alex Simon passed away. Simon was born in Konin, Poland, arrived in Brenham when Texaswas still the Republic of Texas.. His arrival marked the beginning of the influential Simon family's involvement in the Brenham Jewish community. Alex Simon was one of the founders and builders of the B'nai Abraham Synagogue. He was also one of the principal investors in the Gulf, Coloradoand Santa Fe Railroad, "which brought Jewish immigrants up from Galveston through the BrazosRivervalley to Bryanand out to San Angelo."

1908 (9th of Tishrei, 5669): In Houston Texas Adath Yshurun Kol Nidre Services begin at 6:30 p.m. and include a sermon entitled “What’s the Use?” which is delivered in English.

1909: Birthdate of James B. Prichard the University of Pennsylvania archaeologist who led six expeditions from 1956 to 1962 that excavated the remains of Gibeon which played a prominent role in many of the Biblical stories found in the first part of the second section of the TaNaCh – “Prophets.”

1909:First Enrollment of students for Dropsie College takes place in Philadelphia, Pa.

1909: Israel Effendi is appointed Chief of Police in Turkey.

1910(1stof Tishrei, 5671): As the world was racked with political upheaval in such disparate places as China, Mexico and Portugal, Jews observed Rosh Hashanah

1912(23rdof Tishrei, 5673): Simchat Torah

1914: The funeral for Rabbi Daniel Lowenthal is scheduled to take place today with interment in Mount Hope Cemetery, Cypress. Among the mourners are his widow, the former Miss Theresa Lichtenstein and his four children – Justice of the Peace Samson Lowenthal, Monroe Lowenthal, Leo B. Lowenthal and Mrs. Carl Levi.

1916: In Zurich, Paul Gluck-Friedman and Henia Shipper gave birth to Rose Gluck who as Rose Warfman survived Auschwitz and became “a heroine of the French Resistance.

1916: Birthdate of Vitaly Ginzburg, the Jewish born Soviet Physicist and Nobel Prize winner who was an avowed atheist.

1917:  Birthdate of comedian Jan Murray.

1917: At a meeting of the British Cabinet, Edwin Montagu, the one Jew in the Lloyd George government, continued to express his opposition to what would become the Balfour Declaration.  Under pressure from Montagu and his supporters Prime Minister Lloyd George and Lord Balfour watered down the original draft, modifying, among other things the strong statement “that Palestine should be reconstituted as the National Home of the Jewish People.”

1918: During World War I, U.S. Army Sergeant Benjamin Kaufman charged a German machine gun in the Argonne Forest that had pinned down his unit. He singlehandedly captured the gun and the crew despite the fact that his right arm had been shattered and by the time he reached his objective he was armed with a pistol that had no more bullets.  For this he earned the Congressional Medal of Honor.

1918: In New York City, Rose Kantrowitz wife of general practitioner Bernard Abraham gave birth to U.S. heart surgeon and medical investigator Adrian Kantrowitz. Adrian Kantrowitz was responsible for pioneering developments in circulatory assist devices, artificial organs, medical electronics, heart transplantation, and research motion pictures.

1919(10thof Tishrei, 5680): Yom Kippur

1919: Birthdate of Baruch Spiegel, the son of a Warsaw leather maker who, would become one of the approximately 750 Jewish fighters who actually took part in the armed resistance known as the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and who escaped through the sewers to fight as partisan for the rest of WW II. (As reported by Joseph Berger)

1924: Birthdate of Donald J. Sobol, the Bronx native who created “Encyclopedia Brown, the clever boy detective.”  (As reported by Denise Grady)

1925: Sir Harry Gloster Armstrong, the British Consul General at New York, addressed a meeting of the Paelstine Chamber of Commerce at the Hotel Pennsylvania.  He “extolled the aspirations ehind the movement to develop the ancient hol land as national centre of the Jewish race.”  Sir Harry reviewed the improving economic conditions in the country siting the “growth of industry and increase in imports.”

1925: Opening day of the Palestine-Near East Exhibition and Fair at Tel Aviv.

1928: Birthdate of Michael Steinberg. According to his obituary, Steinberg was an influential classical music critic, teacher, lecturer and author, and the pre-eminent program annotator of his day. Born in Breslau, Germany, Steinberg’s mother had him sent to safety in England through Kindertransport, the rescue mission that saved nearly 10,000 refugee Jewish children in the months before World War II. After the war, he, his mother and his elder brother lived in St. Louis. After Princeton, while studying in Italy on a Fulbright scholarship, Mr. Steinberg met his first wife, Jane Bonacker. They divorced in 1977, having had two sons, Sebastian and Adam. Later he married, Jorja Fleezanis, the concertmaster of the Minnesota Orchestra since 1989. Trained as a musicologist, with a degree from Princeton University, Mr. Steinberg spent his early career teaching music history at the Manhattan School of Music. He came to wide attention as the music critic for The Boston Globe for nearly 12 years, until 1976. While a critic he continued to teach at the New England Conservatory, Brandeis University and other colleges.  His reviews were erudite and readable, his interests wide-ranging. He stood up for intellectually formidable composers at a time when a postmodernist backlash was taking root and also encouraged the early-music movement, which thrived in Boston during this period. He was a regular critic of the conductor Seiji Ozawa’s work at the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Orchestra officials openly expressed their dismay with Mr. Steinberg’s critiques. So the Boston musical community was stunned when, in 1976, Mr. Steinberg accepted a position as program annotator for the Boston Symphony. It seemed as if he had switched camps. But according to Kathryn King, a public relations agent and friend, Mr. Steinberg had grown tired of reviewing. “For years,” she added, “he harbored a secret desire to write program notes for a major symphony and to serve as an artistic adviser or administrator.” His work as an annotator was immediately popular. Suddenly, reading Mr. Steinberg’s long, analytic program notes, rich with anecdotal information and historical context, became an essential part of attending a Boston Symphony concert. Yet it was not until 1979, when he became the publications director and artistic adviser of the San Francisco Symphony, a position he held for 10 years, that Mr. Steinberg had the opportunity to affect repertory and artistic policy. Mr. Steinberg’s program notes, full of vivid descriptions of pieces, were collected in a series of listeners’ guides: “The Symphony,” “The Concerto” and “Choral Masterworks,” published by Oxford University Press. His account of the “alien and terrifying” opening pages of the finale of Mahler’s Sixth Symphony is typical. “From the thud of a low C,” Mr. Steinberg wrote, “there arises an encompassing swirl of strangely luminous dust: harp glissandos, a woodwind chord, and chains of trills on muted strings.” He died of colon cancer at the age of 80 at his home in Edina, Minnesota, outside of Minneapolis.

1929 (29thof Elul, 5689): Jews prepare to observe Rosh Hashanah as they say farewell to the year on the Jewish calendar that marked the start of the Great Depression with the Stock Market Crash.

1932:  Anti-Semite Julius Gombos forms new a government in Hungary 

1933: In a bid to control the media and drive the Jews from German cultural life, the newly empowered Nazi government promulgated the Newspaper Editors' Law. It made Aryan origin a prerequisite for anyone editing a German newspaper.

1936(18th of Tishrei, 5697): Fourth Day of Sukkoth – Chol Hamoed

1936(18th of Tishrei, 5697): Jess Isidor Straus, a member of the Straus family best known for its ownership of R.H. Macy & Co passed away.  Born in 1872, he was the son of Isidor Strauss who died on the Titanic and the nephew of Nathan Straus for whom Netanya is named.  He was an early supporter of Franklin Roosevelt who appointed named him U.S. Ambassador to France in 1933, a post he held until just before his death.

1936: In London, formation of Jewish People’s Council 

1936:“The Battle of Cable Street took place  in Cable Street in the East End of London. It was a clash between the Metropolitan Police Service, overseeing a legal march by the British Union of Fascists, led by Oswald Mosley, and anti-fascists, including local Jewish, groups. The majority of both marchers and counter-protesters travelled into the area for this purpose. Mosley planned to send thousands of marchers dressed in uniforms styled on those of Blackshirts through the East End of London, which had a large Jewish population. “It was a defining moment in British and Anglo-Judaic history, not least for making the government bring in legislation that crippled right wing activity, including a ban on political uniforms, pre World War II.”  This watershed moment in Anglo-Jewish history would be the subject of a film made seventy years after the event and has been memorialized by the Jews of London’s East End.

1936: “More than 3,000 members of Greater New York units of Junior Hadassah” gathered “in the grand ballroom of the Hotel Astor...to open its fall program and membership drive.  “Shulamith Schwartz who had served as head of the organization and has been teaching in Tel Aviv for the last two years was the principal speaker for the evening.

1937: The Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service is scheduled o begin a drive today designed to raise $250,000.  John M. Schiff of Kuhn, Loeb & Co and the grandson of Jacob Schiff, is chairman of the fund raising effort.

1937: The Palestine Post reported that the Mandatory Government applied emergency regulations to appoint press censors. Editors were specifically ordered to refrain from any comment on the recent banning of the Arab Higher Committee and on the deportation of the top Arab leaders. The cruiser Sussex carried the Arab deportees out to the sea, where they were transshipped to a British destroyer and moved to an unknown destination.

1938(9thof Tishrei, 5699): Erev Yom Kippur

1940(2ndof Tishrei, 5701): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1940: Hitler and Mussolini met at the Brenner Press, an opening in the Alps between Austria and Italy to celebrate the success of the Axis powers.

1940: German law gives VichyFrancethe power to imprison Jews even inside the Unoccupied Zone.

1941: The Bulgarians enforced an extraordinary measure that prohibited the Jews of Macedonia from engaging in any type of industry or commerce. All existing Jewish businesses had three months to transfer ownership to non-Jews or sell their assets and close down.

1941(13th of Tishrei, 5702): Fifteen hundred Jews from Kovno, Lithuania, are transported to the Ninth Fort and murdered. In Kovno proper, Nazis lock the Jewish hospital and set it ablaze, incinerating all inside.

1941: Birthdate of author Jackie Collins, sister of Joan Collins.

1942: Berlin orders that all Jews in concentration camps within Germany be deported to Auschwitz.

1943: At Poznan; Himmler addressed his senior SS staff re-stating the goals of the Final Solution. "I mean the evacuation of the Jews, the extermination of the Jewish race.”  Within the year, as Soviet troops advanced across Eastern Europe, the SS would work to destroy the evidence of their evil deeds.

1943: During World War II, a tanker christened the SS Oscar S. Straus, one of a fleet of “liberty ships” that helped the US win the war of logistics was launched today.

1943: Approximately 200 Danish Jews were not able to escape to Sweden were heading toward Danzig after having been loaded into two cattle cars without food or water by the Nazis.

1944: All the women and children sent from Theresienstadt to Birkenau on this day would eventually be killed.

1944: Rabbi Yehuda Amital was liberated from a Nazi labor camp by the Soviet Army.

1944:  Al Smith passed away. Smith began life as a genuine reformer.  In the aftermath of the Triangle Shirt factory, he supported an array of measures designed to improve the lot of the workers, many of whom were Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe.  At least one of his campaign managers during his successful bid for the governorship of New York was Jewish. Smith was the first Catholic candidate Presidential candidate in 1928.  His 1928 bid for the Presidency presaged the collation that would lead to the election of Rooseveltin 1932. Smith’s defeat and FDR’s victory seem to sour Smith politically and he swung to the right, joining the Liberty League and becoming a staunch critic of the New Deal and the Jews who helped to create it.

1945: U.S. premiere of “Week-End At The Waldorf” based on Vicki Baum’s novel Grand Hotel with a script co-written by Bella Spewack.

1945: The Ampal American Palestine Trading Corporation of New York, an organization designed “to develop trade relations between the United States and Palestine and to assist in the development of the economic resources of Palestine” registered a stock offering with the Securities and Exchange Commission.  The sale of the stock is intended to provide working capital to Ampal American to meet its goals.

1946: Final plans were announced today for the construction of Givat (Mount) Washington, settlement designed to provide a home and training for more than 100 Jewish orphans who survived the Holocaust.  Givat Washington will be located outside of Tel Aviv near the ancient town of Yavneh.  The program has been spearheaded by Rabbi Zemach Green of Washington, D.C.  Givat Washington is named in honor of the first President of the United States and fragments of stone from Mt. Vernon, the U.S. Capitol building and the White House are to be set in the foundation stone of the first edifice built on this site.

1946 (9th of Tishrei, 5707): Erev of Shabbat and Erev Yom Kippur

1946: On the eve of Yom Kippur, “President Truman issued the customary presidential statement of greeting to American Jewry, but then went on to urge that ‘substantial’ refugee immigration into Palestine commence immediately, for the plight of the Displace Persons ‘cannot await a solution to the Palestine problem.’”

1947: German physicist Max Plank passed away.  Planck was not Jewish.  He did try and use his influence to save Jewish scientists from Hitler’s fury.  His son was executed for taking part in the 1944 plot to assassinate Hitler.

1948 (1st of Tishrei, 5709): Rosh Hashanah

1948 (1st of Tishrei, 5709): If Jewish history were a soap opera this episode would be called “Golda goes to the Synagogue”. Golda Meir was the newly appointed Israeli ambassador to the Soviet UnionIsraelhad just won its independence in May of 1948 (and the fighting was still going on).  The Soviet Union was in the throes of anti-Semitism. Mrs. Meir went to the Grand Synagogue in Moscow.  At best, they expected the usual 2,000 Jews to attend Rosh Hashanah services.  Instead, she was greeted by a crowd of 50,000 who pressed in upon in Joyous disbelief.  And this was at a time when such behavior could get you to a trip to the Gulag.  The fact that the so many people were still Jewish and willing to risk so much to identify was living proof that despite the adversity of the Holocaust and the Stalinists Am Yisroel Chai - the Jewish people live.

1951:  Birthdate of American actor Alan Rosenberg.

1951: “The Dybbuk,”  an opera in three acts composed by David Tamkin in 1933  that uses an English libretto by Alex Tamkin, the composer's brother, which is based on S. Ansky’s Yiddish play of the same name premiered today with a performance by the New York City Opera.  1952(15thof Tishrei, 5713): Sukkoth

1956(29th of Tishrei, 5717): A group of Bedouin from the West Bank ambushed five Israelis near Sdom and murdered them. Moshe Dayan wanted to mount a reprisal raid.

1959(2ndof Tishrei, 5720): Second day of Rosh Hashanah but the first time that the shofar is blown because the first of Tishrei fell on Shabbat

1959: On NBC Sunday Showcase, Larry Blyden starred as Sammy Glick in the second part of the  two-part television broadcast of “What Makes Sammy Run” based on the novel by Budd Schulberg.

1965: Pope Paul VI arrived in New York City, making him the first pope in history to visit the United States. While speaking at the UN, Paul published a document exonerating the Jews of all blame in the death of Jesus Christ.

1965(8th of Tishrei, 5726): Fifty four year old former Congressman Ludwig Teller Passed away.

1967(29thof Elul, 5727: Erev Rosh Hashanah

1967(29thof Elul, 5727): Six years after his  son Margalit died in automobile accident Ariel Sharon suffers another loss when his eleven year old son Gur is mortally wounded while he and friend are playing with an old shotgun

1967: Birthdate of American actor Leiv Schreiber.

1970: Birthdate of Abraham Benrubi, the American actor playing on ER and in the movie Open Range.

1973: Ashraf Marwan telephoned Dubi, his Mossad contact, from Paris and told him about a Libyan plan to shoot down an El Al plane in the French capital using a shoulder-held missile.

1973: Israeli newspapers reported that Colonel Kaddafi of Libya was sending terrorist squads to stage acts of terrorism in both Israel and Jordan. 

1973: The Israeli cabinet met to discuss the Austrian government’s decision to close down the refugee camp at Schoenau where many Soviet Jews were waiting to continue their escape to Israel.  The Austrian decision was the result of a Arab terrorist attack on a train carrying Jewish refugees from the Soviet Union to Austria.

1973: At lunch with General Ze’evi Moshe Dayan said, “There’s not going to be a war.  Not this summer and not this fall.” [Yom Kippur was two days away.]

1976: Barbara Walters became the first woman co-anchor of a major network evening news program. Joining Harry Reasoner, on the ABCevening news, she became the highest paid journalist, male or female up to that time. Reasoner, however, made it clear that he did not want to work with a co-anchor, and Walters only stayed with the show for a year and a half. Before joining ABC, Walters worked on NBC's Today Show for fifteen years, working her way up from a writer on the show to, in 1974, the program's first female co-host. In 1984 Walters became co-host of 20/20 news magazine where she remained until September 2004.Walters is renowned for her interviewing skills, and has interviewed every American President and First Lady since Richard and Pat Nixon. In November 1977 she arranged the first joint interview with Egypt's President Anwar Sadat and Israel's Prime Minister Menachem Begin. Another "first" was her hour-long prime time interview with Fidel Castro, which has since been printed in half a dozen languages and shown all over the world. Today Walters is co-owner, co-executive producer, and co-host of The View on ABC.(As reported by Jewish Women’s Archives)

1976(10th of Tishrei, 5737): Yom Kippur

1977(22nd of Tishrei, 5738): Shemini Atzeret

1977:  Birthdate of award winning actress Alicia Silverstone.

1982: Birthdate of Omer Goland, who “who plays as a striker for Maccabi Petah Tikva”

1982(17th of Tishrei, 5743):  Lefty Rosenthal, the talented professional gambler and gangster-when-necessary who had brought sports betting to casinos in Las Vegas and illicitly run an empire of four hotel casinos, walked out of Tony Roma’s on East Sahara Avenue with an order of takeout ribs. He had just finished dinner with some fellow handicappers, and he was bringing the food home for his two children. When he got into his car, it blew up. Mr. Rosenthal survived the explosion — later he could not remember whether he had turned the ignition key — but the attempt on his life, for which no one was ever prosecuted, ended his career as one of the most powerful men in Las Vegas. He left the city early the next year and on Monday, at home in Miami Beach, he died. He was 79 and had lived in Floridasince the late 1980s. Rosenthal was a born to a Jewish family in Chicago.

1983: As the Israel Bank Stock Crisis enters its third day went on television saying that the behavior of the pubic “would not bring about a devaluation” of the currency “or any change in policy.”

1985: U.S. premiere of “Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters” with music by Philip Glass.

1990(15thof Tishrei, 5751): Sukkoth

1992(7th of Tishrei, 5753): An El Al Boeing 747-200F crashed into 2 apartment buildings in Amsterdam, killing 43 including 38 on the ground.

1992: Yad Vashem recognized Destan Balla and his wife, Lime Balla, as Righteous Among the Nations.

1993: Hamas was responsible for a car bombing near Beit El that injured 29 people.

1995(10thof Tishrei, 5756): Yom Kippur

1995: U.S. premiere of “Kicking and Screaming” directed by Noah Baumbach and co-starring Eliot Gould

1997: The New York Times featured reviews of Kaddishby Leon Wieseltier and With Roots In Heaven: One Woman's Passionate Journey Into the Heart of Her Faithby Tirzah Firestone. Six years ago, Tirzah Firestone was ordained as a rabbi. With Roots in Heaven, her relentlessly earnest autobiography, details her forays into Eastern, mystical and New Age religions as she forges an identity as a Jew prepared to teach and judge in matters of Jewish life and law. Beginning with the years of permissiveness following her ''middle-class Jewish ghetto'' of an Orthodox upbringing, Firestone recounts her spiritual and physical flirtations; they are frequently intertwined. With Ron in Istanbul, she eschews bourgeois materialism and explores ''The Autobiography of a Yogi.'' In Denver, Firestone falls for the ''dark charisma and exotic religion'' of a Hindu known as Everlasting. Firestone is soon primed for Fredrick, a gentle Christian minister with a mystical bent, who slowly redirects her to Jewish mysticism. In 1985, the minister marries the future rabbi. The two ''love warriors, holding high the standard of our universal beliefs,'' mean to serve as an ecumenical example. A Jungian, Firestone judges her every experience to hold not only symbolism for her, but also a key to the spiritual destiny of mankind. Typical of her preachy efforts to uncover this universality is her interpretation of dreams. While the lessons Firestone draws from her life are heartfelt, she may misjudge the scope of her experience.  Meanwhile, Kaddish is one of the best books written on this topic and the Theodore Bikel recording is a classic that nobody should miss hearing.

2001: As of tonight, signatures were still being collected for a letter to be delivered to President Bush tomorrow expressing support for the administration's war on terrorism and policy efforts in the Middle East. Among those who had already signed the letter are Marvin Lender, the former chairman of the United Jewish Appeal; Jacob Stein, another former chairman of the Conference of Presidents; Judith Stern Peck, former chairwoman of UJA-Federation of New York; and Joel Tauber, the departing chairman of United Jewish Communities. A number of corporate executives also signed the letter, including Stanley Gold, the president of Shamrock Investments; and 2003 (8th of Tishrei, 5764): During the continuing wave of Arab terrorism there was a suicide bombing at Maxim restaurant, a popular eatery for Israeli Jews and Arabs.  It was a symbol of the multiculturalism of this seaside city.  A  Palestinian suicide bomber, exploded inside the Maxim restaurant in Haifa. Among the dead were 21 Israeli, Jews and Arabs. Another 51 were wounded

2001: Following the issuance of a report by the Comptroller, Ariel Sharon returned 1.5 million NIS to his donors.

2003 (8th of Tishrei, 5764): Shabbat Shuvah

2003: Islamic Jihad claimed credit for todays’ suicide bombing at the Maxim Restaurant in Haifa that killed 21 and injured 51 including a two-month old baby.

2005(1st of Tishrei, 5766): First Day Rosh Hashanah

2005: Haaretz reported that thousands of Israelis had canceled trips to the Sinai in light of previous terrorist attacks and threats of renewed violence.

2006:Former Jewish Agency chairman Sallai Meridor was appointed as the next ambassador to Washington, replacing Danny Ayalon who has completed four years of service in the US capital.

2006:Yiftah Ron-Tal, the general in charge of the IDF Ground Forces Command “said publicly that IDF Chief of Staff Dan Halutz should accept responsibility for malfunctions in the Israel-Hezbollah War and accept the consequences” while also hinting “that Israeli PM Ehud Olmert should do the same.”

2006:Israel Defense Forces Chief of Staff Dan Halutz discharged Major General Iftach Ron-Tal the head of the IDF's ground forces over remarks he made calling for the resignation of Prime Minister Ehud Olmert.

2007(22nd of Tishrei, 5768): Shemini Atzeret,

2007: In Budapest, the Jewish Theological Seminary – University of Jewish Studies celebrated its 130th anniversary today.

2008(5th of Tishrei, 5769): Shabbat Shuvah,

2008: Ninety-year old Saul Laskin, the former mayor of Thunder Bay passed away today.




2008: The musically gifted Eric Carson, son of Bill and Laura Carson, is called to the Torah as a Bar Mitzvah at Temple Judah in Cedar Rapids,

2009:St. John's Church at Lafayette Square winds up its three-part forum, "The Middle East: Moving Towards Peace?," with a lecture by David Ignatius, an associate editor at The Washington Post.

2009(16th of Tishrei, 5770): 2nd Day of Sukkoth

2009: The Washington Post features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including Hardball by Sara Paretsky

2009: The New York Times features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including We’ll Be Here For The Rest of Our Lives:A Swingin’ Show-Biz Saga by Paul Shaffer with David Ritz

2009: The Los Angeles Times features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including Notes on Sontag by Phillip Lopate, and Manhood for Amateurs: The Pleasures and Regrets of a Husband, Father, and Son by Michael Chabon

2009: The Times of London features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including Russia and the Arabs: Behind the Scenes in the Middle East from the Cold War to the Present by Yevgeny Primakov

2009:Vandals destroyed or damaged hundreds of archaeological artifacts at Uvdat National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Negev tonight.

2010:YIVO Institute for Jewish research is scheduled to present a program entitled Chaim Grade Memorial on the 100th Anniversary of his Birth” that will include a screening of the film The Quarrel. The Quarrel is an English Language film based on Grade's story "My Quarrel with Hersh Rasseyner."

2010:Today, the state archives released hitherto unseen copies of minutes of Prime Minister Golda Meir's meeting with her war cabinet on the second day of the 1973 Yom Kippur War.

2010(26thof Tishrei, 5771):Eighty-seven year old Sidney J. Weinberg Jr.,” a senior director of Goldman Sachs and a member of the family dynasty that had played a central role at the investment banking firm since 1907” passed away today. (As reported by Dennis Hevesi)


2010: Dr. Janet Yellen completed her terms as President of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco

2010: Dr. Janet Yellen began serving as the Vice Chairperson of the Federal Reserve System

2010: Israel and the United States are holding behind-the-scenes talks geared at resolving a recent deadlock in Mideast peace talks with the Palestinians, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said today, adding that peace was Israel's vital interest.

2011: Based on vacate notices signed by Rabbi Avraham Shemtov, chairman of Agudas Chasidei Chabad of the United States, and Rabbi Yehuda Krinsky, chairman of Merkos L’Inyonei Chinuch today is the deadline for a group of gabbaim who have been promoting the idea that Menachem Mendel Schneerson (of blessed memory) is the messiah to vacate the synagogue at 770 Eastern Parkway. “A New York court ruled in 2006 that the groups led by Krinsky and Shemtov are the synagogue’s rightful owners.”

2011: John Rybicki is scheduled to give the final lecture in a series styled “In Search of Jewish Spirituality” co-sponsored by the Jewish Community Center of Northern Virginia.

2011: Saul Perlmutter and Adam Riess were two of the three U.S.-born scientists who won the Nobel Prize in physics today.

2011:The Oakland Hebrew Day School in California has raised $1 million in 10 months to match a grant from an anonymous donor. The $2 million will be used to provide need-based scholarships for students to attend the Modern Orthodox day school, the Bay Area school announced today.

2011:Israel continued to maintain a silence today over a US Congressional decision – despite US Administration opposition - to withhold some $200 million in financial assistance to the PA.

2011: In an apparent effort to keep the most recent Quartet initiative alive, the US embassy circulated a statement today giving the impression both Israel and the Palestinians have equally accepted a Quartet framework for returning to direct talks, though the Palestinians have not yet formally endorsed the idea.

2011(6thof Tishrei, 5772): Eighty-five year old actress Doris Belack passed away months after the death of her husband, Philip Rose best known for producing “A Raisin in the Sun.” (As reported by Paul Vitello)

2011(6thof Tishrei, 5772):Sixty-seven year old Hanan Porat, leader of the “settler movement” in Judea and Samaria, passed away today. (As reported by Ethan Bronner)

2012: In New York City, final scheduled screening at the Lincoln Plaza of “Six Million and One” a documentary by David Fisher, the son of a Holocaust survivor.

2012: The Northern Virginia Hebrew Congregation is scheduled to open its Fall Speakers Series which is now in its tenth year with a lecture by Michael O’Hanlon on “Scoring President Obama’s Foreign Policy: Successes and Failures.”

2012: In the UK, The Wiener Library for the Study of the Holocaust and Genocide is scheduled to present “The Future of the Past - The Importance of School History Teaching,” featuring Dr Nicholas Tate, Chairman of International Education Systems

2012: Klezmer Clarinetist, Mandolinist, Composer and Baal Teshuva Andy Statman performed with the other National Heritage Fellowship Recipients today.

2012:Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu has already made a final decision to seek a February 12 election rather than try to pass the 2013 state budget, politicians who spoke to Netanyahu said today.

2012: An Israeli-Arab man, 26, was charged today with spying for the Lebanon-based terror organization Hezbollah. The defendant was accused of scouting IDF locations and tracking the movements of President Shimon Peres for the Islamic militant group.

2013: Marvin Bash who serves as the Rabbi at the Pentagon and his son Jeremy are scheduled to talk about their perspectives on Jewish life in the military at the Benefactor Luncheon hosted by the Jewish Historical Society of Greater Washington

2013: The Maccabeats are scheduled to perform at Congregation Beth Tefillah in Paramus, NJ.

2013: At noon “Kol Israel” is scheduled to broadcast “Excellence – The Future Generation” featuring a piano recital by Adi Neuhaus.

2013(30thof Tishrei, 5774): Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan I

2013: Over 100 women in prayer shawls and tefillin prayed in “relative peace” at the Western Wall today on Rosh Chodesh “despited some jeering and spitting from Orthodox female protesters” who apparently have their own way of obeying the commandment about loving your neighbor.

2013: A haredi man was arrested at the Western Wall in Jerusalem this morning for spitting and throwing items at members of the Women of the Wall prayer activist group as ultra-Orthodox protesters shouted insults at the WoW members, Israel Radio reported. Dozens of members of WoW gathered at the wall this morning for their monthly prayer service marking the new month on the Jewish calendar.

2014(10thof Tishrei, 5775): Yom Kippur

G'mar Chasima Tova.  Have an easy fast.

2014 All radio and television stations in Israel go off the air for the Day of Atonement.

2014: Tonight, Lewis Black is scheduled to perform at the Mirage in Las Vegas, NV.

This Day, October 5, In Jewish History by Mitchell A. Levin

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OCTOBER 5

610: Phocas, the Byzantine Emperor during whose reign the Jews of Antioch revolted was murdered by his successor Heraclitus.

871: A scribe stopped writing a ketubah that he had dated the 16th day of Tishrei because he had made a mistake on the date.  [This ketubah would turn out to be the oldest dated document found when the Genizah of Cairo was opened in the 19thcentury]

1143: The king Alfonso VIIof Leon recognizes Portugal as a Kingdom. When Alfonso came to the throne he sought to curtail the rights granted them by his father but he saw “the error of his ways” and moved to restore these rights in attempt to gain the benefits of having loyal Jewish subjects on his side.  “In the beginning of his reign, Alfonso VII (1111) curtailed the rights and liberties that his father granted the Jews. He ordered that neither a Jew nor a convert may exercise legal authority over Christians, and he held the Jews responsible for the collection of the royal taxes. Soon, however, he became friendlier, confirming the Jews in all their former privileges and even granting them additional ones, by which they were placed in parity with Christians. Judah ben Joseph ibn Ezra had considerable influence with the king, and after the conquest of Calatrava (1147) the king placed Judah in command of one of his fortresses, later making him his court chamberlain.”

1214: King Alfonso VIII of Castile passed away. Alfonso enjoyed the company and pleasure of Jewish paramour, Rahel la Fermose (Rachel the Beautiful).  She reportedly used her position to gain the appointment of her co-religionists to position of power.  This made her numerous enemies among the Christian nobles and clergy who plotted the murder of Rachel and several of her Jewish compatriots.  According to some, Alfonso was present at the time of her murder. This tale of monarchal love and betrayal has provided the theme for several literary works including “Die Jüdin von Toledo” a novel by Lion Feuchtwanger

1167: Raymond Trencaval, a French viscount who was looked upon favorably by the Jews of Beziers (France) was murdered.  His son, Roger raised troops to punish those responsible for the murder.  He spared the Jews because they had been faithful to his father. This all had more to do with what became known as the Albigensian Heresy than it did with the Jews.  In fact, Roger employed Jews as Sheriffs one of whom was Moses de Cavarite.

1285: King Philip III of France passed away.  During his reign, the Inquisition, which had been instituted in order to suppress the heresy of the Albigensians, finally occupied itself with the Jews of southern France who converted to Christianity. The popes complained that not only were baptized Jews returning to their former faith, but that Christians also were being converted to Judaism. In March 1273, Gregory X formulated the following rules: relapsed Jews, as well as Christians who abjured their faith in favor of "the Jewish superstition", were to be treated by the Inquisitors as heretics. The instigators of such apostasies, as those who received or defended the guilty ones, were to be punished in the same way as the delinquents.”  In an era when monarchs were dueling with the Church over who had the ultimate power, King Philip did nothing to resist the papal pronouncements.

1450: Ludwig IX expelled the Jews from Lower Bavaria.

1600: Birthdate of Thomas Goodwin the English Puritan theologian and preacher the author of Moses and Aaron: Civil and Ecclesiastical Rites, Used by the Ancient Hebrews

1682(3rdof Tishrei, 5443): Abraham Abele Gombiner the Polish rabbi born in 1635 known as the Magen Avraham passed away today.

1737:António José da a Brazilian dramatist, known as "the Jew" (O Judeu) and his wife D. Leonor Maria de Carvalho, whose parents had been burnt by the Inquisition were imprisoned by the Inquisition  on charges of “judaizing” based on a slaves denunciation of the two made to “the Holy Office.”+

1789(15thof Tishrei, 5550): Sukkoth

1806(23rdof Tishrei, 5567): Simchat Torah

1825(23rd of Tishrei, 5586): Simchat Torah

1829: Birthdate of German painter Ludwig Knaus whose works include “The Ghetto.”


1842: Birthdate of David Lindo Alexander the English barrister and Jewish community leader who joined with Claude Montefiore in opposing the Balfour Declaration and the Zionist movement.

1846(15thof Tishrei, 5607): Sukkoth

1848:Isaac Noah Mannheimer, a Jewish scholar, who had been returned by Brody to the Austrian Reichstag, delivered a “memorable” speech on the subject of the Jewish tax.  Mannheimer was held in such high regard that “On his seventieth birthday the city of Vienna conferred honorary citizenship upon him.”

1848: Birthdate of Alexander Kisch, the native of Prague who tutored the family of Baron Horace de Gunzburg before starting his rabbinic career which took him to Bohemia, Zurich and finally back to Prague.

1854:Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt discovered a new asteroid, 32 Pomona.

1856: Reverend Charles Harris, "a Christian Jew" is scheduled to preach today at the first Methodist-Episcopal Church in NYC.  (Apparently the Jews for Jesus type movements are lot older than we think.)

1857: The City of Anaheim, CA was founded. According to recent figures2.11% in Anaheim (zip 92804), CA are Jewish. Scott Schoeneweis may be Anaheim’s most famous Jew. The son of a Jewish mother, he was the only southpaw in the Anaheim Angels' bullpen for the 2002 World Series and he helped his team win the first championship in franchise's history.

1857: Birthdate of Julius Plotke the German lawyer and communal leader who was “a trustee of the Jewish Colonization Association, of the Alliance Israélite Universal and of the Aid Society of German Jews.”

1862:The New York Times takes advantage of a letter that it has received from a Jewish writer asking why he cannot receive an exemption from military service on religious grounds since he cannot pork, the food provided by the Army to review the entire matter of the diet being served to the soldiers serving in the Union Army.

We have before us a letter from a Hebrew correspondent, who adverting to the exemption from military duty of Quakers, Shakers, and such religious orders as deem it incompatible with their religion to fight, asks the pertinent question: "Why should I not be exempted because of my religious abhorrence to the army ration? Must I be forced to partake of a flesh that is forbidden by my law, and of which a large portion of my allotted food is composed?" We can hardly take up the query and answer it as especially adapted to the Hebrew, although we believe there are many patriotic men of the persuasion marching on with the Union army, but as a proposition applying at large, the pork question is worthy of consideration. We hold it as a fact, not patent, that the smallest item connected with the physical well-being of the army, assumes an importance at this moment as great as that which affects its moral. Good food is as much a necessity of war as good powder, and should be equally well tested and chosen. We candidly believe that our ill-arranged army ration is doing as much to destroy our men as the bullets of the enemy. Pork! pork! perpetually pork' and beef, perpetually beef! It does not require medical authority to know that there is an instinctive craving in every organism for a variety of food; and no matter how excellent any one article may be, too frequent use only inspires disgust and loathing, and consequently a failure to nourish. A ration composed wholly of cereals and animal food, is ill adapted for health in Winter, but in Summer is simply a slow poison. If, as is now the case, a large portion of those meats are salted, the evil is heightened and the system works to the promotion of bilious and scorbutic diseases. For the ill feeding of our soldiers in the field there is no excuse whatever. Nothing is gained on the score of economy, for the soldier that is ill-fed, whether it be by shortness of provender, by badness of quality or by sameness and ignorance of dietary, is a burden upon the State, and unable to encounter the mental or physical responsibilities of his position. A battle upon a well-satisfied stomach is half won. There is no reason that a positive schedule for the soldiers' food should be laid down-and-strictly adhered to through every exigency and every season. The whole country teems with an abundance of food that would form admirable substitutes for the perpetual pork and beans, an abundance that would now in on our ill-fed armies if the signal be but given and the market thrown open for competition. There is a vast glut of Fall vegetables and fruits; enough wasted in some small districts to put new life and health into a hundred thousand men. There is no reason why these necessities should not be forwarded from the localities of the formation of regiments, and the people called on to contribute each his mile. They have responded grandly to the call for luxuries for the sick and wounded, is there any less reason that they should respond to the wants of those that are in health when the object is to retain that health which is to make the soldier effective on the battle-field? Again, the army ration gives no spices or strong aromatic substance, while every physician knows that health cannot be kept without them, especially in a hot climate. Pepper, onions, thyme, sage, garlic, parsley, ginger, cloves, and cinnamon are as absolute as bread, and must find their way wherever alcohol is debarred. These are suggestions for every domestic circle having one of its members in the camp. In these days of easy transportation there will be no difficulty in each and every family sending forward that which will add to the comfort and health of the soldier. Whatever tends to alter the diet and make a change from the daily routine, will be as much an era as Delmonico's to the dinnerless, or a hotel feed to a Pike's Peak digger.

1864: Birthdate of Arthur Zimmerman, German Foreign Secretary who authored the Zimmerman Telegram which helped to push the United States into World War I on the side of the Allies which led to the Allied Victory, which led, eventually, to the creation of the State of Israel.

1865(15th of Tishrei, 5626) First day of Sukkot

1865: The New York Times reported that THE FEAST OF TABERNACLES. -- The Jewish "Feast of Tabernacles" commenced at sunset last evening, and will continue for seven days. It is an occasion of great joy. Boughs are suspended in the synagogues and private houses, to signify that the children of Israel are dwellng in booths. The observance commenced on the return of the Jews from the Babylonish captivity; and the book of Nehemiah expressly declares that "since the days of Joshua, the son of Nun, had not the children of Israel done so." The first and eighth day being the Sabbath, on the occasion of a "solemn assembly," the residue of the time is devoted to mirth and hilarity.  (This entry is worth noting because it appeared in a secular paper at a time when the Jewish population was comparatively small)

1867(6thof Tishrei, 5628): Shabbat Shuvah

1867(6thof Tishrei, 5628): Sixty-six year old French financier and political leader Achille Fould, the son of Beer Leon Fould passed away today at Tabres.

1877: Birthdate of Belle Moskowitz who served as a political advisor to Al Smith when he ran successfully ran for governor of New York and unsuccessfully ran for President in 1928.

1878: The Medal of Honor was issued to Sergeant George Geiger.  He received the highest decoration the U.S. issues to its service personnel while serving with Company H of the 7thCavalry.  At the Battle of the Little Big Horn, “with 3 comrades during the entire engagement (he) courageously held a position that secured water for the command.”  The Battle of the Little Big Horn is also known as Custer’s Last Stand.

1870: At today’s meeting of the Central Temperance Union, Reverend G. W. Samson attempted to harmonize the groups opposition to alcohol with the frequent to wine in the Bible. In a speech entitled “Hebrew Wines and Bible” he “argued  that the wine of the Bible…was pure unfermented juice of the grape.” [This would come as shock to everybody from the sons of Aaron to Samson, etc.]

1880(30thof Tishrei, 5641): Sixty-one year old composer and impresario Jacques Offenbach passed away today.

1882(22ndof Tishrei, 5643): Shemini Atzeret

1882: It was reported today in Vienna, the Emperor has thanked the Hungarian Prime Minister “for the energy he has shown in suppressing the riots against the Jews in Pressburg.

1882: The Gemiles Chesed Kranken Unterstuetzungs Verein, "a Hebrew Society," was incorporated today in New York State.

1884(16thof Tishrei, 5645): Second Day of Sukkoth

1884: Forty-nine year old Gabriel Richter, a Polish Jew, was arrested tonight and taken to the Seventeenth Precinct State House on charges of arson. He denied the charge claiming he had been at the synagogue.

1884: It was reported today that Sir Moses Montefiore had planned on fasting this past Yom Kippur.  However, after 18 hours, the centenarian succumbed to his doctors please – “The Almighty does not want us to kill ourselves” – and broke his fast.  The physician has sent telegrams assuring everyone that the aging Jewish leader “is an excellent health.”

1884: It was reported today that services will be held in synagogues all over Europe on the 26th and 27th of October to celebrate the 100thbirthday of Sir Moses Montefiore.

1884: Suicide In A Police Court” published today reported that Alexander Endelstine an English Jew who tried to commit suicide at New York’s Jefferson Market Police Court yesterday is being treated at St. Vincent’s Hospital and that he will be prosecuted  for embezzlement and attempted suicide if he survives.(Editor’s note – Was attempted suicide a capital crime?  Makes you wonder about the justice system)

1884: The Association of Jewish Immigrants was formed at a meeting at Wheatly Hall in Philadelphia, PA

1885: “As It Was Written, A Romance” published today provides a review of As It Was Written: A Jewish Musician’s Story by Sidney Luska. (Sidney Luska is not Jewish.  It is the pseudonym of Henry Harland)

1885: “In Memory of Montefiore” published described the Mincha Service at Temple Emanu-El where Adolph Sanger, the President of the Board of Aldermen delivered “an eloquent eulogy on the life and character of Sir Moses Montefiore.”

1886: City of Johannesburg, South Africa founded.  Many of the Jews living in Cape Town moved north to Johannesburg to take advantage of the discovery of diamonds and gold. Barney Barnato and Sammy Marks were two of the more famous Jewish entrepreneurs who during this period.  Marks amassed a fortune from his activities in gold and diamond mining.  After expanding his business interests, this practicing Jew assumed civic responsibilities as a negotiator during the Boer War and serving as a Member of Parliament. Barnato founded the De Beers Consolidated Mines for mining diamond fields.

1887: Birthdate of French lawyer and Nobel Prize Winner, Rene Cassin.

1889(10thof Tishrei, 5650): Yom Kippur

1889: In New York City where all the Jewish places of worship are open all day today, the services” for Yom Kippur “which are of very solemn and impressive character” end “with the blowing of the shofar indicating the annual fast is over.”

1889: It was reported today that “according to the latest available statistics” over seventy-six million Russians belong to various Christian denominations while Jews, Moslems and pagans constitute 5,626,000 of the Czar’s subjects.

1889: It was determined today that the reason the Pioneers of Liberty not being allowed to hold their dance and concert last night, erev Yom Kippur, at the Clarendon Hall was because they had not obtained a license for a concert and if this Jewish group had been content with holding a dance the authorities would not have interfered.

1889: It was reported today that thousands of Jews “who have been expelled from Russia…have taken temporary refuge in England.”  Eventually they intend to settle in Argentina

1890: During his talk tonight at the New York Academy of Music, Dr. Tallmadge described his recent visit to Palestine including passing through “the tract of 800 acres belonging to the Universal Israelite Association” which points “to the reoccupation of the Holy Land by the Israelites.”

1891: “An Indictment of Russia” published today which traces the history of mistreatment of Jews in the land of the Czars opens by saying that “The Jew represents at once humanity’s oldest and least familiar fact.  The records which he embodies visibility before us in his curled hair, in his eager eyes and bended nose, in his gestures, his utterance, the peculiarities of his family and religious life belong to the very childhood of the race.” (Notice that even in praise 19th century authors unwittingly turned to offensive stereotypes.)

1891: “The Jews In Olden Times” published today provides a detailed review of A History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ by Emil Schurer, the German theologian whose area of expertise was this period of history.

1892: Abraham Langer, a Jewish poultry dealer related the story of the attempt to rob him to the incredulous Central Office detectives in New York

1892(14thof Tishrei, 5653): Erev Sukkoth

1892 (14thof Tishrei, 5653): Sxity-three year old Rabbi Mayer Samuel Weiss, the “father of magician Harry Houdini and the first rabbi of Zion Reform Congregation in Appleton, Wisconsin, passed away today.

1893: The cornerstone was laid today for the West End Synagogue on West 82ndStreet in New York City.

1893: Reverend Christian Adolf Stoecker, the German “Jew baiter” and anti-Semite completes his tour of the United States and sets sail from New York for his homeland today.

1894: In Pars, the name of M. Pingault, the sugar broker who was arrested on charges of embezzling 144,000 English pounds from Baron Hirsch, has been stricken from the list of brokers.

1895: “The William Berrian Book Sale” published today provided a list of books belonging to the William Berrian Library by Bangs & Company including John Allen’s Modern Judaism, Beeton’s The Jews in the East, W.H. Rule’s History of the Karaite Jews, Rabbi Grossman’s Judaism and the Science of Religion, Iliowizi’s Jewish Dream’s and Realities, Betteny’s Judaism and Christianity, T.A. Davis’s  Am I a Jew or a Gentile? and Betteny’s Jew and Gentile.

1896;Among the gifts acknowledged t during this afternoon’s meeting of the Board of Trustees of Columbia University was one $5,000 from Jacob Schiff “to aid needy students” go “through college” and a collection of Hebrew and Arabic manuscripts from William Walter.

1897(9thof Tishrei, 5658): Erev Yom Kippur; in the evening Kol Nidre is chanted for the first time during the Presidency of William McKinley.

1897: “Truly A Cosmopolitan Town” published today described Red Jacket, Michigan, “perhaps the most cosmopolitan town in the United States” with a population of 8,000 whose no less than thirty different nationalities included an untold number of Jews.”

1898(19thof Tishrei, 5659): Sukkoth Chol HaMoed

1898(19thof Tishrei, 5659): Twenty-five year old Charles Koransky, who suffered from consumption who had been denied treatment at the hospital on Blackwell’s Island because he was Jewish and planned on seeking treatment at Mount Sinai Hospital, died early this morning.

1898: “Rabbi Honored In Detroit” published today described plans by Mayor Maybury and “pastors of several city churches” to honor Rabbi Louis Grossman who will be leaving Detroit after 14 years to serve as Professor of Philosophy at the Hebrew Union College and Congregation B’nai Yeshurun in Cincinnati, Ohio.

1898:Herzl and David Wolffsohn want to establish the Jewish Colonial Bank immediately. The Bank was intended to handle the financial affairs of the Zionist movement.

1898: In an attempt to draw the Ottoman Empire into the German sphere of influence which would eventually have a major impact on the Jews of Palestine and the Zionist movement Kaiser Wilhelm II visited Constantinople.

1899: Dr. Solomon Mandelkern of Leipzig the poet who has translated several Ameircan authors including Longfellow in Hebrew,  arrived in New York aboard the SS Werra so he could visit his son Israel who lives at 196 East Broadway.

1900: According to The English Zionist Federation's poll: 60 candidates for Parliament declare themselves in favor of Zionism.

1900: Birthdate of Baron Friedrich Carl von Oppenheim the German banker and industrialist who worked to save Jews from the Nazis and was imprisoned for his alleged role in the attempt to assassinate  Hitler – activities for which he was honored by Yad Vashem.

1901(22ndof Tishrei, 5662): Shemini Atzeret

1901: Birthdate of German Banker and Zionist leader, Hans Beyth Shmuel

1902:Herzl sends a copy of Altneuland to the Grossherzog Friedrich of Badenand to Rothschild. Altneuland appeared almost simultaneously in a Hebrew translation, Tel Aviv, by Nahum Sokolow.

1902: Birthdate of Larry Fine, one of the Three Stooges.

1905: Birthdate of Bellva Plain.

1908(10thof Tishrei, 5669): Yom Kippur

1908 (10th of Tishrei, 5669): In Houston Texas Adath Yshurun holds Yom Kippur Services. The morning services began at 7a.m. with a sermon in German entitled “The Majesty of the Law.”  Minchah services began at 3:30 with a sermon in English entitled “The Waning Day.”

1909(20th of Tishrei, 5670): Chol Hamoed Sukkoth

1909(20th of Tishrei, 5670): Rabbi Falk Vidaver passed away today in New York City at the age of 65.  The cause of death was Bright’s Disease.  Before coming to New York, Rabbi Vidaver lived in San Francisco where he was the leader of the largest congregation west of the Rocky Mountains.  Vidaver served as the rabbi at the congregation at 72nd Street and Lexington Avenue for 12 years before retiring three years ago.  He was a leading commentator on the Bible and was also well-known for his Hebrew poetry which was published in Russia, Hungary and the United States.

1909: When The Melting Pot opened in Washington D.C. this evening, President Theodore Roosevelt leaned over the edge of his box and shouted, "That's a great play, Mr. Zangwill, that's a great play."  Zangwill is Israel Zangwill.  He was Jewish; T.R. was not.

1910(2ndof Tishrei, 5671): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1912: In Fort William, Ontario, Max Laskin and Bluma Zingel, Laskin gave birth to Bora Laskin, the 14th Chief Justice of Canada.

1912(24th of Tishrei, 5673): New York City gangster Jack Zelig was murdered in an apparent attempt to keep him from testifying in the Rosenthal murder case. (The only problem with  the various descriptions of his death are that they say he was murdered on the day before a murder trial was supposed to start.  But October 5 was a Saturday and it would have  been highly unusual for a trial to have started on a Sunday)

1914(15thof Tishrei, 5675): Sukkoth is observed for the first time during World War I.

1917:After four days of torture by Turkish authorities during which she revealed nothing about her action or her fellow Jewish spies, Sarah Aaronsohn killed herself. The aid provided by Sarah and her brother Aaron to the British, helped convince some of the English leaders that it would be beneficial to replace “Turkish rule in Palestinewith a Zionist entity under British rule.’

1918: The Battle of the Hindenburg Line came to an end with the Allied forces successfully breaching the final German line of defenses.  Sir John Monash, the Australian-Jewish General, played a key role in planning the offensive, using tactics that would provide the blue-print for the lightening warfare used by both sides in Europe during WW II. 

1918: Newly appointed German Chancellor Prinz Max von Baden asked the Allies for an immediate Armistice.  Thus began the sequence of events that would lead to the Armistice that ended WW I in November and the myth that Germany was “stabbed in the back” instead of defeated on the battlefield.

1920(23rdof Tishrei, 5681): Simchat Torah

1921: Sixty-eight year old New York architect Cyrus Lazelle Warner Eidlitz who designed the New York Times Building on Times Square and whose father was Jewish passed away today.

1924: Birthdate of comedian Bill Dana.  Born William Szathmary of Hungarian Jewish parents, Dana gained fame with his character “Jose Jimenez.”

1926: Birthdate of Avraham Eidelson who gained fame as Avraham “Bren” Adan “an Israeli Major General former Head of Southern Command who served in the military between 1947 and 1973.”

1927(9thTishrei, 5688): Erev Yom Kippur

1928: Today, Major John A. Warner of the New York State Police “indefinitely suspended and reprimanded Corporal H.M. McCann of Troop B for the part he played in the questioning of Rabbi Berel Brennglass in Massena, NY, on September 22. Corporal McCann was suspended ‘for gross lack of discretion in the exercise of these duties and for conduct unbecoming an officer.’”

1929(1stof Tishrei, 5960): Jews celebrate  Rosh Hashanah for the first time after the Stock Market Crash without any idea of the precipice on which the economy is tottering.

1932: Birthdate of Dame Barbara Goodman, DBE, QSO, JP “an Auckland, New Zealand politician. She was Mayoress of Auckland City as well as a former Auckland City Councillor for 12 years. She was married to former Auckland City Councillor Harold Goodman, who became deputy Mayor of Auckland City in the late 1970s. Her husband died on 16 August 1988 and she succeeded him onto the council in a by-election . Dame Barbara was a councillor for the Citizens and Ratepayers group. While on council, Dame Barbara championed liberal causes like tolerance towards the gay community and pro-women's rights over abortion. For ten years she was Chairperson of Odyssey House Auckland, which operates a range of specialist programs for adolescents, parents, and other adults experiencing serious difficulties with substance abuse, gambling, and other associated problems. She opposed the New Zealand government's plan to build a $500 million rugby stadium on Quay Street in Auckland's waterfront area.[citation needed] She is the niece of former Auckland City mayor, Sir Dove-Myer Robinson in whose honour Dame Barbara spearheaded a memorial sculpture in Aotea Square, which was built in 2002. The sculpture celebrates the contribution "Robbie Robinson" made to the city.

1933(15thof Tishrei, 5694): Sukkoth

1933: William Dodd, the new United States Ambassador to Germany, gave a speech explaining and defending the New Deal.  When Dodd met with FDR before going to Germany, the President told his new ambassador that he wanted him to be a spokesman for democracy.  Dodd would become increasingly outspoken in his warnings about the dangers of the Hitler regime. Unfortunately, Americans were more concerned about making sure that Germany would make her reparations payments than they were about the rise of totalitarian anti-Semitic dictators.

1937: Birthdate of Abraham Riechstadt, the native of Safed who gained fame as Israeli musician Abi Ofraim.

1938(10th of Tishrei, 5699): Yom Kippur

1938: Following a request by Heinrich Rothmund, head of the Swiss federal police, the German government recalls all Jewish passports and marks them with a large, colored "J." This is to prevent German Jews from passing as Christians and smuggling themselves into Switzerland.

1940(3rdof Tishrei): Shabbat Shuvah

1941 (14h of Tishrei, 5702): Former Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis, the first Jewish member of the nation's highest court passed away at the age of 84.  See the article from the Biography Website for more information about Justice Brandeis who was living proof that one could achieve success in America while maintaining his Jewish identity. Louis Brandeis was born in Louisville, Kentucky in 1856 to a family tolerant of Jewish and Christian rituals. In later life Brandeis might be best described as a secular ­humanist. Although he completed his secondary education in Germany, he returned to the United States where he studied law at Harvard. After settling in Boston, Brandeis became a successful lawyer spending a good deal of his time pursuing cases with a political bent. In particular, he enjoyed representing small companies against giant corporations, and aiding the cause of the minimum wage against companies opposed to this principle. In 1912, he supported Woodrow Wilson's nomination for Presidency and in 1916, was appointed a Supreme Court judge, the first Jew ever to be appointed to this position. Brandeis showed little interest in Jewish affairs until the turn of the century when a combination of his professional work and a changing political climate brought about an alteration. He was introduced to Zionism by Jacob de Haas, an English Zionist, and later still by Aaron Aaronsohn, the Palestinian botanist and founder of Nili. Brandeis became active in Zionist affairs during the First World War, when he accepted the role of Chairperson of the Provisional Executive Committee for General Zionist Affairs. Brandeis had a major impact on the American branch of the Zionist movement, drawing to it a number of sympathizers, improving its organization and its finance. While he resigned his official position on joining the Supreme Court, he nonetheless worked behind the scenes to influence President Woodrow Wilson to support the Zionist cause. After the war, Brandeis headed a delegation of American Zionists to Londonwhere at a conference differences emerged between Chaim Weizmann and himself. These arguments over the role of the organization and its pursuit of political activities caused a rift between the two leaders with Weizmann gaining the upper hand. Brandeis withdrew from Zionist activity although he continued to take part in Eretz ­Israel economic affairs. Brandeis did intervene from time to time in political matters for example he appealed to Roosevelt to oppose the British partition scheme of 1937 calling instead for the whole area of Eretz ­Israel to become a Jewish National Home. Brandeis represented a rather different genre of Zionism, one born out of the American context that affirmed Zionism as part of American ethnic identity. It was Brandeis who coined the term that "to be a good American meant that local Jews should be Zionists."  “The banks and waters of the Jordan, once supposed to have miraculous healing powers have been drained and freed of their malaria breeding places through a gift of $25,000 given by Louis D. Brandies.”

1942: The Nazis deported 1,000 Jews from Theresienstadt to Treblinka. Another 6,000 would be sent to the death camp at Treblinka by the end of the month.

1942: The Nazis murdered 3,000 Jews in Dubno after being rounded up and marched to outlying pits. Silently, without screaming or weeping, they all undressed, bid each other farewell, and then were summarily shot.

1943: The Nazis deported 1,260 children from Bialystok and 53 doctors and nurses were transported from Theresienstadt to Birkenau. They were told their destination would be Palestine. They would all perish.

1943: Birthdate of Congressman Richard Cardin, representing Maryland’s Third District in the House of Representatives.

1943: “Shortly before being unloaded from their cattle cars in Danzig, the two hundred Danish Jews who had been arrested by the Nazis were given some “filthy water” which was the first liquid they had been given since leaving Copenhagen.

1945: “Bloomer Girl,” a musical with music by Harold Arlen and lyrics by E.Y. Harburg opened at the Shubert Theater on Broadway.

1945:In an event referred to as Black Friday a six-month strike by the set decorators represented by the Conference of Studio Unions (CSU) boiled over into a bloody riot at the gates of Warner Brothers' studios in Burbank, California.  Warner Brothers also had labor problems with the Screen Actors Guild.  For those who think that Jews were always pro-labor left-wingers, think again.

1945: In a final bid to use persuasion and diplomacy to change British policy, Chaim Weizmann meets with Ernest Bevin, the Foreign Minister in the new Labor Government.  Having turned its back on the party’s pro-Zionist stace, the belligerent Bevin tells Weizmann, “If you want a fight, you can have it.”  Even as Bevin is threatening the aging Zionist leader, Ben Gurion has decided to adopt a more militant stance creating the Jewish Resistance Movement which include members of Haganah, Palmach and in a new wrinkle, members of the Irgun and the Stern Gang.

1945:  "Meet The Press" makes its radio debut.  The “granddaddy” of all news interview shows would later move to NBC where it continues to appear sixty years after is radio start.  Meet the Press was the brainchild of its first produced Lawrence E. Spivack.  On television Spivack would play the role of moderator.  Sometimes he would join the members of the press and be part of the four person interview group.

1946(10thof Tishrei, 5707): Yom Kippur

1948(2ndof Tishrei, 5709): Second day of Rosh Hashanah

1950: Television game show “You Bet Your Life” starring Groucho Marx makes its debut.

1954(7th of Elul, 5714): Albert Montefiore Hyamson passed away.  Born in 1875, this British historian who was a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society and President of the Jewish Historical Society and Zionist, served as Chief Immigration Officer for the Mandatory Government in Palestine.

1955: Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett”s dramatization of "The Diary of Anne Frank,” opened at the Cort in New York. Directed by Garson Kanin, with sets designed by Boris Aronson with Susan Stasberg in the role of Anne, the play is deemed a success by the critics and audience alike.

1956:"The Dinah Shore Chevy Show" hosted by Dinah Shore (Frances Rose Shore) was broadcast for the first time on NBC television.

1961:The first clipping for the show that would become Anyone Can Whistle appeared in The New York Times today "For the winter of 1962, Arthur Laurents is nurturing another musical project, The Natives Are Restless. The narrative and staging will be Mr. Laurents's handiwork; music and lyrics that of Stephen Sondheim. A meager description was furnished by Mr. Laurents, who refused to elaborate. Although the title might indicate otherwise, it is indigenous in content and contemporary in scope. No producer yet." (As reported by Mark Eden Horowitz)

1967(1stof Tishrei, 5728): For the first time Jews observe Rosh Hashanah in a united Jerusalem, the capital of the modern state of Israel.

1969(23rd of Tishrei, 5730): Simchat Torah

1973: In London, Ashraf Marwan, the son-in-law of Gamal Abdel Naser and the Mossad agent code-named “Angel” warned his Mossad handlers of the war that would begin the next day at sundown. Zivi Zamir, the chief of Mossad who was present at the meeting and fully aware of the ramifications of a massive mobilization of reserve soldiers on Yom Kippur, called home and sounded the alarm. As reported by Tal Krz-Oz)

1973: Chief of Military Intelligence Major General Eli Zeira reassured “special means” listening devices were not producing any warning signs that war was imminent. Only later would the Israeli government find that Zeira had not activated these devices.

1973: The Israeli missile boat flotilla concluded its first full-scale maneuvers the day before the start of the Yom Kippur War.  These boats with their unique missile armament would play a key role in protecting the Israel coast during the fighting.

1973: On the eve of what would become the Yom Kippur War, the division manning the Israeli defenses along the Suez Canalrequested reinforcements. The requests was denied because the Israeli General Headquarters had decided that the Egyptian troops massed on the west bank of the Suez Canal were engaged in military exercise; military exercises that senior command was sure were about to come to an end.  

1973: Disturbed by continued massing of Egyptian and Syrian forces on their respective borders with Israel and the withdrawal of Soviet ships from Egyptian ports, the Chief of Staff puts the active Israeli Army on its highest level of preparedness.  He also ordered a limited mobilization of certain reserve units.  The numerical strength of the Israeli Army lay with the reserves.  Only a full mobilization of these forces could meet the onslaught of combined Egyptian, Syrian and Jordanian armies.

1977(23rdof Tishrei, 5738): Simchat Torah

1980: Pitcher Steve Ratzer made his major league debut with the Montreal Expos.

1981: Raoul Wallenberg became an honorary citizen of the United States.  Using his status a Swedish diplomat, Wallenberg worked to save the lives of the Jews of Hungary.  Thanks to his efforts he saved the lives of somewhere between 20,000 to 100,000 Hungarian Jews  The bill to make Wallenberg an honorary citizen was sponsored by Representative Tom Lantos, who as a teenaged Hungarian Jews sought refuge in one of Wallenberg's safe houses.  Wallenberg is listed as one of the “Righteous Among the Nations” at Yad Vashem.

1983: During the Israel bank stock crisis “the stock exchange again opened with large numbers of sell offers.”

1986: The Sunday Times of London ran a story on its front page under the headline: "Revealed — the secrets of Israel's nuclear arsenal" based on information supplied by Mordechai Vanunu.”

1986(2nd of Tishrei, 5747): Second Day of Rosh Hashana

1986(2nd of Tishrei, 5747): Movie producer Hal Wallis passed away.

1988: Israel banned Meir Kahane's Kach Party on grounds of racism.

1997: The Sunday New York Times book section featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or on topics relating to Judaism or the Jewish people including Son of Rosemary by Ira Levin, The Body Perfect: An Intimate History of American Girls by Joan Jacobs Brumberg, TheJournals of Ayn Rand, edited by David Harriman and A Jewish Mother From Berlin and Susanna by Gertrude Kolmar.
 
1990(16th of Tishrei, 5751): Second Day of Sukkoth

1990(16th of Tishrei, 5751): Meir Kahane founder of Jewish defense league was assassinated at the age of 58.

1996(22ndof Tishrei, 5757): Shemini Atzeret

1996(22ndof Tishrei, 5757): Eighty-eight year old Elmer Berger, the Rabbi who was such a proud foe of a Jewish state that he authored Memoirs of an Anti-Zionist Jewin 1976, (As reported by Eric Pace)

2000:At the outset of the second Intifada, Rabbi Chaim Brovender, the founder of Yeshivat Hamivtar in Efrat, was traveling along the Tunnel Road connecting Gush Etzion with Jerusalem when a crowd of Arabs from Beit Jala stopped him. After being pulled from his car and severely beaten, he was taken to a Palestinian police station in Bethlehem, where he was further harassed before being thankfully transferred to the IDF alive.

2001:Today, a letter signed by at least 50 American Jewish figures -- including current and former officials from some of the nation's most influential Jewish organizations -- will be presented to the White House, expressing support for the administration's war on terrorism and policy efforts in the Middle East.

2003(9thof Tishrei, 5764): Erev Yom Kippur

2003: Israel bombed an Islamic Jihad base in Syria, the first Israeli attack deep inside Syrian territory in three decades.

2003:The New York Times book section featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or on topics relating to Judaism or the Jewish people including The Great Unraveling: Losing Our Way in the New Century by Paul Krugman,They Marched Into Sunlight: War and Peace, Vietnam and America, October 1967 by David Maraniss, The Speakeasies of 1932, Illustrations by Al Hirschfeld, Living A Year of Kaddish by Ari L. Goldman and The Bielski Brothers: The True Story of Three Men Who Defied the Nazis, Saved 1,200 Jews, and Built a Village in theForest.by Peter Duffy. “

2004(20th of Tishrei, 5765): Eighty-two year old comedian Rodney Dangerfield, the man who got no respect, passed away. (As reported by Mel Watkins)


2005(2ndof Tishrei, 5766): Second Day Rosh Hashanah

2005: Haaretz reported on High Holiday Services being held in Houston, Texas.  The services were on the campus of RiceUniversityand were intended to provide a gathering place for Jews from New Orleans who were in Houston because of Hurricane Katrina.  For the New Orleans Jews the services took on the flavor of a re-union. 

2006:Amy Goodman appeared on the Colbert Report in an effort to promote her new book was Static: Government Liars, Media Cheerleaders, and the People who Fight Back

2006: "A Muslim journalist facing charges of sedition for advocating ties with Israelwas  attacked and beaten by a crowd in Bangladesh that allegedly included leading officials of the country's ruling party. Salah Uddin Shoaib Choudhury, editor of the Weekly Blitz newspaper, an English-language publication based in the Bangladeshi capital of Dhaka, was working in his office when nearly 40 people stormed the premises, beat Choudhury, leaving him with a fractured ankle, and looted cash that was kept in the company safe. Choudhury was briefly hospitalized."

2006: Eliot Spitzer told the Empire State Pride Agenda that as governor he would work to legalize same sex marriage in New York.

2006: In “Lemony Snicket reaches ‘The End’, Todd Leopold describes the completion of “A Series of Unfortunate Events.”

2007(23rd of Tishrei, 5768): Simchat Torah

2008: As part of the yearlong celebration of pianist Leon Fleisher’s 80thbirthday, a concert titled Leon Fleisher & Friends is performed by an ensemble that includes keyboard colleagues and former students Yefim Bronfman, Jonathan Biss and Katherine Jacobson-Fleisher, Fleisher’s wife is performed in Baltimore, MD.

2008:Eighty-year old, Dr. Ernest Beutler, “a leading hematologist whose studies opened an important new window onto the treatment of leukemia” passed away today. (As reported by Jeremy Pearce)

2008: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or on topics of special interest to the Jewish people including Hot, Flat and Crowded: Why We Need a Green Revolution — and How It Can Renew Americaby Thomas L. Friedman and paperback versions of The Indian Clerkby David Leavitt, The Mascot: Unraveling the Mystery of My Jewish Father’s Nazi Boyhood,by Mark Kurzem, The Zookeeper’s Wife: A War Story by Diane Ackerman.The Diary of Petr Ginz: 1941-1942, edited by Chava Pressburger, translated by Elena Lappin as well as an essay about Pulitzer Prize winning author Steven Millhauser

2009:Attorney Stuart E. Weisberg discusses and signs his new biography, "Barney Frank: The Story of America's Only Left-Handed, Gay, Jewish Congressman," at the Sixth & I Historic Synagogue, in Washington, D.C.

2009(17thof Tishrei, 5770): Chol Hamoed Sukkoth

2009(17thof Tishrei, 5770): Soviet mathematician Israeli Gelfand passed away.

2009: Captain Ben Sklaver was buried in family plot in Jewish cemetery in Connecticut.

2009:Shortly after a border policeman was moderately wounded this afternoon when he was stabbed in northern Jerusalem near the Shuafat refugee camp, Palestinians hurled rocks at security forces in the area, leaving a policeman lightly hurt.

2009:This evening arrested police in Dimona two men, a 41-year-old and a 57-year-old, who are suspected of vandalizing the Uvdat National Park in the Negev.

2010: Center for Jewish History, Yeshiva University Museum and YIVO Institute for Jewish Research are scheduled to present “16 mm Postcards: Home Movies of American Jewish Visitors to 1930s Poland.”

2010:Avraham Tal is scheduled to rule on Yigal Amir’s petition to end his separation from fellow prisoners.  Amir is serving a life sentence for murdering Yitzhak Rabin. Amir says he does not pose a threat to his fellow prisoners because the murder of Rabin was a one-time that cannot be replicated. [Chutzpah- when a child who killed his parents pleads for clemency because he is an orphan.]

2010: Philip Roth" 31st book, a novel entitled Nemesis -- which involves a polio epidemic in 1940s Newark, N.J. -- is scheduled to come out to day

2010: A documentary entitled “Nuremberg” scheduled to end its weeklong premier American showing today at the Film Forum.  This hitherto unseen documentary was made by Stuart Schulberg, brother of the famed writer Budd Schulberg.  The American public is getting see this informative piece of cinema 62 years after its creation thanks to the effort his daughter, Sandra Schulberg.

2010:Following the release yesterday of minutes of prime minister Golda Meir's meeting with her war cabinet on the second day of the 1973 Yom Kippur War, today the state archives  released the minutes of eight additional meetings that the prime minister held during the war's first four days. The documents provide a rare look at the military and diplomatic efforts made just hours before the Arab attack on Israel. They also attest to the existence of an intelligence source who provided credible information of an imminent attack, enabling Israel's political leadership to consider a preemptive strike on Egypt and Syria.

2010:Today settlers gave new copies of the Koran to Palestinians in a West Bank village whose mosque was burned in an attack blamed by Palestinians on settlers. Several copies of Islam's holy book were scorched in the arson attack and threats in Hebrew were scrawled on the wall of the mosque of Beit Fajjar.

2011: Rabbi Mindy Avra Portnoy is scheduled to deliver the last lecture in the series “Not Matriarchs: Lesser Known Women of the Hebrew Bible” at the JCC of Greater Washington.

2011:Thisyear’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry prize and the accompanying 10 million Swedish kronor ($1.4 million) went to a single scientist: Daniel Shechtman, 70, a professor of materials science at Technion - Israel Institute of Technology. The “for the discovery of quasicrystals.” This
 
2011: The National Labor Court suspended doctors' resignation letters this afternoon in response to the state's request for an emergency hearing.
 
2012: “The Flat” directed by two time winner of the Israeli Academy Awards Aaron Goldfinger is scheduled to be shown at The Hamptsons International Film Festival this evening.

2012: In Grand Forks, ND, B’nai Israel is scheduled to host a Shabbat Harvest Potluck Dinner with services lead by Cantor Alane Katzew.

2012:Riots broke out on the Temple Mount this afternoon as hundreds of Muslim worshipers threw stones at police officers, following a week of confrontations between right-wing Jews and Muslims on the site

2012: A 23-year-old American citizen snatched a security guard’s gun and opened fire in an Eilat hotel this morning, leaving one person dead and three others suffering from shock.Two people were evacuated to the Joseftal Medical Center.

2012: While Congress is in recess until after the November elections, 2 Democratic legislators -Senator Robert Menendez and Representative Howard Berman – are working on measure to strengthen the sanctions against Iran.

2013: “Displaced Visions: Émigré Photographers of the 20th Century,” is scheduled to come to an end.

2013: Shoshannah Nambi, a member of the Abadyudaya Jewish community is scheduled to speak on the roles of the women in her community and the challenges they face this evening at Congregation Adat Teyim in Springfield, VA.

2013(1st of Cheshvan, 5774): Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan

2013: In addition to celebrating Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan and reading Noah, the traditional minyan at Temple Judah in Cedar Rapids will mark the 40thanniversary of the Yom Kippur War which began on October 6, 1973.

2013: A nine year old girl who was shot in the neck by one or more terrorists at Psagot has been evacuated to Shaarei Tzedek Hopitals “with what was initially described as a serious injury to her upper body.” (As reported by Gil Roen)

2013: A Palestinian vehicle rammed a checkpoint this morning near the settlement of Elon Moreh in the West Bank, injuring two Border Police officers at the site and speeding away

2013: Slamming the US as arrogant, dishonest, untrustworthy, and controlled by Zionists, Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said today that “some” aspects of President Hassan Rouhani’s trip to the United Nations General Assembly in New York last month were “not proper.” (As reported by The Times of Israel)

2014: The Center for Jewish History is scheduled to host a series of symposiums on archival research.

2014: Maccabi Tel Aviv led by former NBA guard Jeremy Pargo, a one-time Cavalier is scheduled to play the Cleveland Cavaliers coached by Israeli David Blatt, the former coach of Maccabi Tel Aviv.

2014: The New York Times features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution by Walter Isaacson, The Zone of Interest by Martin Amis and I’ll Drink to That:A Life in Style, With a Twist by Betty Halbreich with Rebecca Paley

 

This Day, October 6, In Jewish History by Mitchell A. Levin

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OCTOBER 6

877: Charles the Bald, King of France, passed away.Regardless of whatever others may think of him, Charles the Bald, who was King of France, comes up on the plus side in Jewish history when compared to other monarchs since he resisted enforcing the anti-Semitic edicts of the Archbishop of Lyon. Charles motives were political and economic, not religious.

1014: Samuil of Bulgaria passed away. He was the Emperor of the First Bulgarian Empire from 986 until his death in battle while fighting the Byzantines. Jews fleeing from the persecution of the Byzantine Empire had found refuge among the Bulgarians. Samuil was a member of the Comitopuli dynasty whose leaders had names like Samuel (Samuil), Moses and David,which “could indicate partial Jewish origin, most likely maternal, though this is disputed.”

1552: Birthdate of Matteo Ricci, the Jesuit missionary to China who provided one of the first records of Jewish settlement in "the middle kingdom. His "manuscripts indicate there were only approximately ten or twelve Jewish families in Kaifeng in the late 16th and early 17th century, that they had reportedly resided there for five or six hundred years, that there was a greater number of Jews in Hangzhou which could be taken to suggest that loyal Jews fled south along with the soon-to-be crowned Emperor Gaozong to Hangzhou.”

1755(1st of Cheshvan, 5516): Rosh Chodesh Cheshvan

1755(1st of Cheshvan, 5516): A.M. Rothschild’s father died of small pox.

1759(15thof Tishrei, 5520): Sukkoth

1776(23rdof 5537): Simchat Torah is celebrated for the first time since the signing of the Declaration of Independence.

1783(10thof Tishrei, 5544): As the American Revolution reaches its final conclusion with a treaty between Great Britain and her former colonies Jews on both sides of the Atlantic observe Yom Kippur in peace.

1795(23rdof Tishrei, 5556): Simchat Torah

1806: The Assembly of Jewish notables is required to answer 12 questions intended to inform the authorities about the nature of Judaism and to test the knowledge of French among the Jews.

1808(15thof Tishrei, 5569): Sukkoth

1821(10thof Tishrei, 5582): Yom Kippur

1843: Birthdate of Herman Rosenthal, the Russian born American author, editor and librarian. 

1844(23rdof Tishrei, 5605): Simchat Torah

1846: In India, Jessie Sarah and Henry Edward Goldsmid gave birth to Albert Edward Goldsmid.  A graduate of Sandhurst, the famed military school, he held a series of progressively more important positions in the British army until he was “selected by Baron de Hirsch to supervise” the colonies being established in Argentina for Jewish refugees from eastern Europe.  He went to serve with distinction during the Boer War.

1849: The victorious Austrian general orders the execution of 13 rebel Hungarian generals in Arad.  These men are known as the 13 Martyrs of Arad.  Their execution marked an end to the revolt by Kossuth against the repressive Austrian regime.  Kossuth had supported emancipation for the Jews of Hungary and the Jews had supported the revolt.  The Jews of Hungary suffered cruelly at the hands of the victorious Austrians as well as the local Slavic population that had viewed the uprising as a Magyar dominated event.  The defeat of the liberal forces in Hungary led to immigration of Hungarians – Jews as well as non-Jews – to the United Statesjust as a similar defeat for German liberals led to their migration to the United States

1851:  “The Hungarians” published today reported that the U.S.S. Mississippi, “commanded by Captain Levy” had arrived in Constantinople for the purpose of providing Louis Kossuth, the exiled Hungarian political leader, with safe passage to France.  The Mississippi was one of the first ocean-going steam vessels belonging to the U.S. Navy and would be part of the fleet that entered Tokyo Bay with Commodore Perry.  Captain Uriah P. Levy would not be part of that voyage.

1851(10th of Tishrei, 5612): Yom Kippur

1851: The first recorded Jewish religious observance in Southern California was held at the home of Lewis Abraham Franklin in San Diegoon Yom Kippur. Franklinhad held what may have been the first High Holiday Services in the history of the state.  In 1849, he held Rosh Hashanah services in his "store" (a tent) in San Francisco. He later moved to San Diego. The first synagogue, Adath Jeshurun, was founded 10 years later by Louis Rose.  Rose was a less than successful land speculator in San Diego.

1852(23rdof Tishrei, 5613): Simchat Torah

1853:The Foreign Items column published today reported that Alexander Weill, a Jew who converted to Catholicism attributes the diseases attacking crops in parts of Europe "to the non-observance to the precepts of Moses who ordained that the soil should be left fallow during every seventh year, as God rested on the seventh day.

1856:" Pleasant Prospect for Foreign Voters" published today reported that, “Some ‘Jew’ having interrupted Governor Floyd, when he was avowing his readiness to vote for Fillmore, with the pertinent inquiry, ‘how about the foreign vote?’ the Governor replied, that they should be treated as the Greeks proposed to do with Hector, feed him on one day and disembowel him the next. Fillmore is Millard Fillmore former President of the United States who had been a member of the Whig Party. When the Whigs collapsed, Fillmore joined the American Party, the political party of the anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic Know-Nothing Movement. John Floyd was a prominent member of the Democrat Party who had served as Governor of Virginia. Considering the surge in Jewish immigration to the United States during the 1850’s Fillmore and the Know-Nothings were a great concern to all Jews. 

1863(10thof Tishrei, 5764): Yom Kippur

1863: During the U.S. Civil War, Union authorities began the process of mustering the 15th Kentucky Cavalry (a unit formed by Lt. Col. Gabriel Netter) out of active service.  There is a note of irony that this process affecting a unit formed by a Jewish soldier, should begin on the Day of Atonement.

1864: In Náchod, Czech Republic, Isaac and  Julie Judith Josephine Mautner gave birth to Adelheid Mauter who became Adelhied Goldschmid  when she married Otto Goldschmid.

1870: “Loss of Life in War” published today described what is considered to be “the shocking slaughter” taking place on 19th century battlefields.  In making comparison, the article reports that when Titus took Jerusalem, “more than a million Jews are believed to have perished.”

1871(21stof Tishrei, 5632): Hoshanah Rabah

1873(15thof Tishrei, 5634): Sukkoth

1873: According to published reports today’s “Jewish festival of ‘Succoth’ or the Feast of Tabernacles…is the harvest feast of the Jews and is a season for rejoicing and thanksgiving…The observance of this festival is not general, being confined almost entirely to the orthodox portion of the Jewish community.

1873: At a meeting of leading Christians held at Steinway Hall in New York City a person from Cincinnati claimed “the Jews in that section of the country asserted that America was their promised land, and they no longer believed the ideas taught by their forefathers.” [Cincinnati was the stronghold of the Reform Movement.]
 
1877: In New York City, the Young Men’s Hebrew Association sponsored a program at the Lyric Hall that was attended by “the elite of Jewish society.  Mr. I.S. Isaacs presided over the event. He was joined on the platform by Dr. De Sola Mendez and Rabbi Henry S. Jacobs. General Stewart L. Woodford, who had served with distinction in the Civil War and was active in the New York State Republican Party delivered an address entitled “Toleration.”  Professor J.L. Rice played a piano solo and Miss Gertrude Emanuel sang a ballad.  The evening ended with a recitation of “Phil Blood’s Leap by Joseph Michaels.

1878(9thof Tishrei, 5639): Erev Yom Kippur

1878:  “The Hebraic Day of Atonement” published today reported that “the Jewish fast of Yom Kippur, or the Day of Atonement, commences at sundown this evening.  This fast is more generally observed than any other o the numerous fasts and feasts in the Hebraic calendar…This is particularly the case among the orthodox Jews who keep a strict fast for 24 hours…The Reformed Jews, while they have discarded the fast, still regard the day as one of solemn import…”

1879: On the Gregorian calendar, birthdate of Russian born Yiddish author Nohum Shtif who wrote under the pseudonym of Baal Dimon (Master of Imagination)

1882(23rdof Tishrei, 5643): Simchat Torah

1883: In New York City, the Young Men’s Hebrew Association hosted a meeting of Jewish immigrants from Germany and Russia at the Five Points House of Industry.  The YMHA shared its plans to start classes in English and American social customs.

1884: Gabriel  Richter, a Hebrew teacher, who had been arrested on charges of setting fire to his apartment at 219 Division Street was released today following a hearing at the Tombs Police court during which he said he was innocent because he was not at home and the police officer “could not swear” that the defendant “was the man whom had seen descending the stoop after the alarm was given.
 
1884: It was reported today that three alleged accomplices of Gabriel Richter who have conspired to set the three fires in the last 15 months set one at 203 East Broadway, “a three story tenement, occupied by” three Jewish families from Poland.
1884: Birthdate of Felix Weltsch, a German-speaking Jewish librarian, philosopher, author, editor, publisher and journalist who was a close friend of Max Brod and Franz Kafka, he was one of the most important Zionists in Bohemia.

1887: “Dr.M’Glynn and the Jews” published today briefly described the views of Edward McGlynn about religious doctrine stating that the difference between Judaism and Christianity was that the former placed a premium on universal justice while the latter placed a premium on “blind faith.”  (McGlynn was a Roman Catholic priest who had been excommunicated earlier in the year because of his political positions including the support of Henry George.)

1889: Attorney Alexander Rosenthal, representing Joseph Linkowitz, the President of the synagogue at 91 Delaney has charged Officer Gebhard of entering the institution as the second day of Rosh Hashanah was ending and Shabbat was beginning and turning out the lights thus forcing the worshippers out into the street.

1889: “Talk of the Day Abroad” published today described the latest act of anti-Semitism in Leipzig as transcending “the ordinary in sheer stupidity.”  In response to the thousands who visit the home of Mendelssohn, the citizenry raised money for a stained-glass window at the church of St. Thomas, to honor the composer of “Elijah.”  However, the project came to a grinding halt when “somebody started an outcry that the Mendelssohns were Jews.

1890: During today’s meeting of the Trustees of Columbia University, it was a reported that Jesse Seligman had donated another $1,000 for the Seligman Fellowships.

1892(15thof Tishrei, 5653): Sukkoth

1892: Birthdate of U.S.diplomat Laurence Steinhardt

1894: Mrs. Elke Rubenstein, the widow of convicted murderer Pesach N. Rubenstein and her sister Basche Ragleski were sent back to Jerusalem today after having been denied entrance to the United States because they “had only $50 and government authorities are not permitted to land anyone who may become a public charge.

1894: Those in charge of the Bureau of Elections are concerned that they will have completed their list of polling places in time for the first day of voter registration which begins on October 9 and continues on October 10.  Several the locations used in the past are owned by Jews and they do not want to sign a lease that will have their property being used Erev Yom Kippur and Yom Kippur.

1894(6thof Tishrei, 5655): Shabbat Shuvah

1894(6thof Tishrei, 5655): Seventy year old German botanist Nathanael Pringsheim who ranks as the founder of our scientific knowledge of the algae” passed away today.

1895: Professor Cyrus Adler explained how the United States National Museum acquired two Persepolitan cast one of which he says resembles “a frieze of enameled bricks found at Susa which is now in the Louvre.
 
1895: “Prof. Haupt’s Literary Treasures” published today described the return of “Professor Paul Haput of the Oriental department of Johns Hopkins University” to Baltimore from Europe, where among other things he met with Professor Howard Furness who is working on a the new translation of “The Hebrew Bible” of which Professor Haupt is the editor in Chief.
1896: The list of gifts received by Columbia University published today provided by the Secretary of the Board included $5,000 from Jacob F. Schiff to aid needy students get through college.”

1897(10thof Tishrei, 5658): Yom Kippur
 
1897: “Jew’s Greatest Fast Day” published today included a description of the preparation for Yom Kippur by “the orthodox Jew” who has for the past nine days been preparing himself for this day by doing “penance” which has entailed rising early “every morning since the New Year’s festival and repairing to the Beth Hamiderash (house of learning)” where he recited psalms and prayers for forgiveness and seeking “out his enemies” and making “peace with them” while discharging “all his worldly obligations.
1897: Dr. Gustav Gottheil led the services at Temple Emanu-El

1897: “There was a general suspension of business among the” Jewish merchants in Camden, NJ, because they were attending Yom Kippur Services.

1897: At Temple Elohim in Brooklyn Rabbi Taubernhaus delivered a sermon based on the Sayings of the Father that begin “Bear in mind three things and thou shalt escape sinning.

1897: At Temple B’nai Jeshurun, Rabbi Stephen S. Wise delivered a sermon entitled “Moses and Aaron.

1897: At Temple Rodoph Sholom, Dr. Rudolph Grossman delivered a sermon entitled “Home, Religion and Reconciliation.”

1897: At Temple Beth-El, Dr. Kauffman Kohler delivered a sermon on the “Dove of Peace.”

1897(10thof Tishrei, 5658): Fifty-three year old Lewis Stark, successful clothing merchant, passed away today at the home of his sister today from the effects of Bright’s disease.

1898: In London, Sime Zamremba and Avroam Kohen, a tailor from Lodz gave birth to Jacob Edward Kohen who gained fame as Jack Cohen, the founder of Tesco Supermarket Chain – an accomplishment that led to him being honored as Sir John Edward Cohen.

1898:Herzl arrives in Berlin for another conversation with Graf Eulenberg.

1901(23rdof Tishrei, 5662): Simchat Torah

1903(15thof Tishrei, 5664): Sukkoth

1903: The High Court of Australia sits for the first time.  In the early 1930’s Sir Isaac Alfred Isaacs would be the first Jew to serve as Chief Justice of Australia. 

1907: Birthdate of Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch, a German-born geneticist and co-founder of developmental genetics who fled Hitler’s German to pursue her career in the United States. Winner of the Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal in 1993 and the National Medal of Science in 1996, she passed away in November of 2007, a month after celebrating her 100thbirthday.

1909(21st of Tishrei, 5670): Hoshanah Rabah

1909: The funeral for Rabbi Falk Vidaver who passed away yesterday at the age of 65, is scheduled to be held today at his home in New York City. Burial will take place in the cemetery belonging to the Temple at 72nd and Lexington Avenue where Falk served as rabbi for twelve years.

1909:Miss Clara L. Clemens, daughter of Samuel L. Clemens, (Mark Twain,) was married at noon to-day to Ossip Gabrilowitsch, the Russian pianist. The wedding took place in the drawing room at Stormfield, Mr. Clemens's country home, with the Rev. Dr. Joseph H. Twitchell of Hartford, a close friend of Mr. Clemens, as officiating clergyman. The groom was Jewish.  The bride was not.

1914: The battleship U.S.S. North Carolina brings $50,000 from the Jews of the United States to the Jewish community in Palestine. 

1917: As politicians sought to appeal to the Jewish vote on the Lower East Side William Hard, a supporter of New York Mayor John Mitchell wrote in today’s New Republic that Socialist Morris Hillquist who was Jewish had “a very considerable skill in the management of practical negotiations and an excellent command of quotations from standard authorities of his intellectual club and a manifest dislike for new and painful ideas.

1917: Today, during World War I, the 65th U.S. Congress passed an act that allowed for the creation of an additional twenty chaplains to serve in the United States Army.  These positions were for repesentatives of "religious sects" not usually represented in these positions.  The language of the act was convoluted but what Congress was really doing was creating positions to be filled by Jewish and Unitarian chaplains - religious sects that had hitherto been under-represented or unrepresented in chaplaincy.

1918: On the Lower East Side of Manhattan the former Jennifer Garlick and her first husband gave birth to Joseph Nathaniel Glassman who gained fame as Joseph Frank author of the five volume life of Fydor Dostoevsky which is viewed as one of the greatest literary biographies of the 20th century. (As reported by Bruce Weber)

1921: Great Britain, the mandatory power governing Palestine, announced that Haifa will become a free port and that a new harbor will be constructed by a British company with a loan from the Palestine Mandatory Government of 10,000,000 English pounds. As part of a tariff agreement reached with the French, the mandatory power governing Syria, goods entering Haifa bound for Syria will be treated as duty free.  This should be a boon to trade with those living in Mesopotamia as well.

1921: Birthdate of Soviet mathematician Yvgeny Landis who is known for his work on partial differential equations.  (I do not have clue as to what that means)

1923: In Oshkosh, Wisconsin,  scrap metal dealer Isadore Block and his wife gave birth to Allan Forrest Block  “a leather craftsman and fiddler who made sandals and music in his Greenwich Village shop — which became a bubbling hub of folk music during the 1950s and ’60s.”  (As reported by Bruce Weber)

1925(17th of Tishrei, 5686): Chol Hamoed Sukkoth

1925(17th of Tishrei, 5686): “The noted Jewish scholar, Dr. Israel Abrahams, reader in Talmudic and Rabbinic literature at Cambridge University passed away today in Cambridge” (UK) at the age of 66. Dr. Abrahams came from a family of scholars.  “His father, Barnett Abrahams, was the Dayan of the Spanish & Portuguese Congregation in London.”  Two of his brothers are rabbis including Dr. Joseph Abrahams, the Chief Rabbi of Melbourne, Australia. Dr. Abrahams has been at Cambridge for the last twenty three years.  He was the first President of the Union of Jewish Literary Societies and held several leadership positions with the Jewish Historical Society of England. Dr. Abrahams was a prolific author whose best known work maybe “Jewish Life in the Middle Ages” which was published in 1896.  In his later years he identified with the more liberal wing of Judaism.  Abrahams’ first speaking tour in the United States was in 1912. He returned again in 1924. [Abrahams comment that anti-Semitism is on the wane in Germany made in 1912 stands in stark contrast to the reality of the post war years.]

1925: Birthdate of journalist Shana Alexander who gained national fame as part of the Point/Counterpoint segment on “Sixty Minutes.”  As the liberal, she fenced with conservative columnist James Kirkpatrick. 

1927(10th of Tishrei, 5688): Yom Kippur

1927: The era of talking pictures arrived with the opening of ''The Jazz Singer,'' starring Al Jolson.

1927: Jewish editor Herman Bernstein post a $15,000 bond so that Mordechai Golinkin, conductor of the Palestine Opera and former director of the Petrograd Opera, his wife Lea and a fellow traveler can be released from their three day detention on Ellis Island.  Authorities detained the party because Golinkin had no contracts to perform in the United States which meant he did not meet the legal requirement of being able to demonstrate that he had a means of support.

1928: In the aftermath of the Massena (NY) Blood Libel that Assemblyman Julius Berg said that the apology by Mayor Gilbert Hawes “showed conclusively that he had been guility of a serious injustice against the Jews of Messina. Berg said no apology could make up for the wrong done and that unless the mayor resigned he would go to court to have him removed from office. When a four year child had been reported missing on the eve of Yom Kippur, the mayor had suggested that the disappearance might be due to a ritual murder.  This resulted in Rabbi Brennglass being summoned to the police station for questioning.

1933: Birthdate of Ludwik Begleiter, the native of Stryj, Poland who survived the Holocaust ,graduated from Harvard Law School and who as Louis Begley became a successfully and author whose first book Wartime Lies was published in 1991.

1935(9thof Tishrei, 5696): Erev Yom Kippur

1935(9thof Tishrei, 5696): Eighty-three year old composer and conductor Sir Frederic Hymen Cowen passed away.http://www.btinternet.com/~john.parker17/index.html

1935:Daniel Persky, editor of the Hebrew-language newspaper Hadoar and its sister publication for youth, Doar L’Noar wrote to Aliza Dworkin that ““In my opinion, Sara Kucikowicz’s future will be that of a great Hebrew poet,” who wrote “The Cruel Winter” and “The Vicious Spring.”
 
1936:Sir Oswald Mosley planned a provocative meeting of his British Union of Fascists in the East End for today. The inhabitants of the area determined that ''They shall not pass!'' and congregated at Gardner's Corner. When in response Mosley and his Black Shirts, with a fair degree of police support, changed direction, the protesters dashed along the Commercial Road, surged down Christian Street and turned right into Cable Street. At the junction with Royal Mint Street, now marked by a plaque, the Fascists indeed ''did not pass.'' They were later ordered to disperse, and Mosley thundered: ''The government surrenders to Red violence and Jewish corruption. We never surrender.'' In fact, Fascism in Britain, at least as an organized political movement, was soon a dead letter.

1936: The New York City Public School system announced today that it is beginning a series of radio broadcast as part of its educational efforts. Among the broadcasts will be a series aimed at language students including those studying Hebrew who will hear programs about Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, and the Waves of Galilee.

1937:  The Palestine Post reported from Berlin that German Jews might soon be ordered to wear yellow badges. Jews were ordered to report to local police stations where they were forced to stand for hours, facing the wall, until they collapsed and were ready to give up their property for nothing.

1937: The Palestine Post reported that he Arab Defense Party, which had broken away from the Husseini-run Arab Higher Committee, was allowed to meet in Jerusalem, under the chairmanship of Ragheb Bey Nashashibi.

1938:The last casualty of the International Brigades, Haskel Honigstern, was given a state funeral in Barcelona. The Spanish poet Jose Herrera wrote of him: "Haskel Honigstern, Polish worker of the Jewish race, son of an obscure land, killed in the light of my homeland." Coincidentally, the first casualty of the International Brigades was Leon Baum, a Jew from Paris

1939: In an address to the Reichstag, Hitler offers peace to England and France, but only if Germany's former colonies are returned, Germanyis allowed to join world trade, and Britain and France allow Germany to solve the "Jewish problem."

1940(4th of Tishrei, 5701): Tzom Gedaliah

1940(4th of Tishrei, 5701): Illinois Governor Henry Horner passed away today at the age of 62.  Horner was a distinguished jurist before entering state politics as a reformer. Henry Levy was the son of Solomon Levy and Dilah Horner.  When his parents divorced, his mother resumed using her maiden name and young Levy became Horner.

1941(15th of Tishrei, 5702): First Day of Sukkoth
 
1941(15th of Tishrei, 5702): Over the next 48 hours, the majority of Jews in Dvinsk, Latvia, are murdered.

1941(15th of Tishrei, 5702): In Kovno, 1,500 Jews without work passes were taken away to be shot. The Kovno hospital was sealed shut and burned to the ground with everyone still in it.

1943: Helen Manaster a Jew posing as a Catholic, is called out of the delivery room in the Kraków, Poland, hospital while in the throes  labor pains to face two Gestapo agents. She keeps her calm and the Gestapo agents tell her to go back to bed.

1943: This is “The Day the Rabbis Marched on Washington.” Dr. Rafael Medoff‘s article describes one attempt to save the Jews of Europe.  That they did not succeed is beside the point in terms of the historic record; they made the attempt.  Each time we read of these “small” efforts, we cannot help but wonder what a concerted effort might have brought.  The Jews of Europe Save or the Jews of America condemned as putting their own parochial interests ahead of the war effort?
 
1944(19th of Tishrei, 5705): During Sukkoth Chol Hamoed, a two day uprising begins at Auschwitz. Sonderkommando Jews from Poland, Hungary, and Greece, who are forced to transport gassed corpses to crematoria at Auschwitz, attack SS guards with hammers, stones, picks, crowbars, and axes. They also blow up one of the four crematoria with explosives smuggled into the camp from a nearby munitions factory. Russian POWs throw an SS man alive into a crematorium furnace. The SS fights back with machine guns, hand grenades, and dogs. 250 Jews are shot outside the camp wire. An additional 12 who escape will later be found and executed.

1946: Eleven kibbutz settlements were established in a single night.

1946: Establishment of Kfar Darom, not far from Gaza. Two years later, attacking Egyptian forces would capture the Kibbutz after a prolonged siege.

1946: Establishment of Gal-On (Monument of Strength).  The founding members of the kibbutz were from Poland. Some of whom had survived the wartime ghettos or had fought as partisans against the Germans.  The name was a memorial to those who had died in the Ghetto revolts.

1946: Shoval, named for a nearby ancient biblical town, was established by South African Jews sixteen miles north of Beersheba.  To deal with the harsh climate the kibbutzim used contour plowing and built a modern reservoir.  While cultivating the land, they also cultivated good relations with the Bedouin who passed through the area.

1946: “Bill Steiner, representing the Maccabiah club of New York, captured the U.S. national title in the 30 kilometer run today” with a time of 1 hour, 38 minutes and 2 seconds. Steiner’s win was no fluke.  He had won the AAU 20 mile run in Philadelphia in 1932 and won the Maccabiah marathon championship in Tel Aviv in 1935.

1948: Frederick Sylvester, a former employee of the Jerusalem Electric Corporation was found guilty of espionage in connection the Ben Yehuda Street Bombing and was sentenced to seven years in prison.

1949: Birthdate of Les Moonves, President and CEOof CBS television

1950: Birthdate of science fiction author David Brin.

1951(6th of Tishrei, 5712):Shabbat Shuva

1951(6th of Tishrei, 5712):Otto Fritz Meyerhof, German born American physician and biochemist passed away.  Mayerhof shared the 1922 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Archibald Vivian Hill.  Meyerhof left Germany in 1938, settling in Philadelphia in 1941 where he joined the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania.

1952:  The Jerusalem Post reported that Prof. Nelson Glueck was invited by the Israel Exploration Society to head a projected 10-year archeological survey of Israel. Nelson Glueck was one of the great names among the archeologists working in Israel.  Born in 1900, Glueck graduated from the University of Cincinnati and earned his PhD from the University of Jena (Germany) in 1926.  During his career he uncovered over 1,000 sites in the Middle East including the copper mines of King Solomon and the Red Seaport of Ezion Geber.  Glueck's discoveries provided archeological verification for information found in the Bible.  In 1947, Glueck was named President of Hebrew Union College.  One of his most famous and popular books was Rivers in the Desert: A History of the Negev, published in 1959. Glueck's fame was such that he appeared on the cover of Time magazine in December, 1963, under the title "The Search for Man's Past."  Glueck passed away in 1971.

1953(27th of Tishrei, 5714):Doctor Rahel Hirsch the German born doctor who became the first woman in the Kingdom of Prussia to be appointed as a professor in medicine passed away. Born in 1870 in Frankfurt am Main, she was one of eleven children of Mendel Hirsch, the director of the girls’ school of the Jewish religious community in Frankfurt am Main. From 1885 to 1889, she took a degree in education in Wiesbaden. She then worked until 1898 as a teacher. After her doctorate she was assistant to Friedrich Kraus at Charité. Since she was Jewish, the takeover by the Nazis meant she could not practice medicine. In October of 1938 she moved to London, where one of her sisters lived. Since her degree was not recognized by the British, she worked as a laboratory assistant and later as a translator. The last years she spent plagued by depression, delusions and persecutory fears. She was in a mental hospital on the outskirts of London, where she died on October 6, 1953 at 83 years old.

1955(20thof Tishrei, 5714): Chol HaMoed Sukkoth

1955(20thof Tishrei, 5714): Sixty year old English poet John Rodker, one of the “Whitechapel Boys” passed away today.

1956: Prime Minister David Ben Gurion rejects Moshe Dayan’s demand for a reprisal raid, assuring his chief of staff that plans were in the works for a major operation against the Egyptians.
 
1960(15thof Tishrei, 5721): Sukkoth observed for the last time during the Presidency of Dwight David Eisenhower.

1963:Barbra Streisand appears on "The Judy Garland Show"

1963:  Sandy Koufax leads the LA Dodgers to a four game sweep of the Yanks in the 60th World Series.  Koufax pitched victories against Yankee ace Whitey Ford in games one and four.

1965(10thof Tishrei, 5726): Yom Kippur

1965: Sandy Koufax refuses to pitch in the first game of the World Series because it is Yom Kippur. “In October 1965, the Los Angeles Dodgers were playing the Minnesota Twins in the World Series. The opening game was on Yom Kippur and Sandy Koufax, who had won 26 games that season and struck out 382 batters to set a major league record, did not pitch for his team. Koufax was not treated with respect by the local press in St. Paul. He did pitch the second game and lost, but won the fifth and seventh games (both complete game shutouts), and the Dodgers won the World Series. Koufax won the Cy Young Award three times, as well as being voted the National League's Most Valuable Player in 1963. In 1965 he pitched a perfect game against the Chicago Cubs, the fourth no-hitter of his career. Koufax is considered by many to be one of the greatest pitchers of all time.”

1968: Eighty-nine year old Maurice Arnold de Forest passed. He was the adopted son of the millionaire Baroness Clara de Hirsch, née Bischoffsheim, wife of Jewish banker and philanthropist Baron Maurice de Hirsch de Gereuth and/or the illegitimate son of Juliette Arnold de Forest fathered by the Baron.  Regardless, the motor car race, aviator and British politician converted to Catholicism
 
1969: Israeli officials reported today that three Egyptian MIGs (Soviet built warplane) had been shot down in a battle over the Suez Canal.

1973(10th of Tishrei, 5734):  Normal life grinds to a halt in Israel on Yom Kippur which also happens to fall on Shabbat.

1973: At four o’clock in the morning, Israeli intelligence had hard proof that war would break out before sundown on October 6.  The information had come from the head of Mossad.  Moshe Dyan, the Defense Minister, refused the request of the IFD Chief of Staff General Elazar to mobilize and launch a pre-emptive strike against Syria.  The Nixon Administration had warned the Israelis not to strike first or to take any action which the Arabs could claim was provocative. Elazar appealed to Prime Minister Golda Meir.  Meir strikes a compromise.  She will allow a mobilization, but it is only to be partial one. 

1973: Prime Minister Golda Meir convened an emergency meeting in Tel Aviv with senior defense officials at 8:05 this morning.  Six hours before the outbreak of the war, Israeli preparations for a general offensive by Arab armies finally began. The warnings of the intelligence source were being taken seriously, as was the fact that the Russians were pulling families out of Egypt and Syria, a sign of approaching war. But U.S. intelligence was not predicting war. Minister Yisrael Galili said a source had suggested the war could be prevented by leaking information that would reach the Egyptians and Syrians, so they would knew their plans for attack had been discovered. The Israeli officials at the meeting were concerned about Jordan because it wasn't clear if the kingdom would join in the assault on Israel. Initially, Mrs. Meir deliberated between Chief of Staff Elazar's call for a full mobilization of the reserves and Moshe Dayan's request for a limited call-up. "If you approve a major mobilization of the reserves, I won't resign," Dayan said. But with an eye to international reaction, he added, "A full mobilization before even one shot is fired - they will say right away that we are the aggressors." At 9:20 A.M., a full mobilization was approved.

1973: War erupted in the Middle East as Egypt and Syria attacked Israel during the Yom Kippur holiday. The two Arab states attacked with hundreds of planes and more than a thousand tanks. By the end of the day, the Egyptians have established three bridgeheads across the Suez, Syrian artillery is shelling Israeli settlements and Israelis were being told to black out their windows in case of an air raid.  By the end of the day 200,000 Israeli soldiers, most of whom were mobilizing reservists faced 300,000 Syrians and 850,000 Egyptians.

1973: According to ousted Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak he personally started the Yom Kippur War today “by attacking an Israeli communications base in his fighter jet six minutes before the rest of the Arab Armies’ surprise attack on the Jewish state began.” (As reported by Naama Barak)

1973:On the first night of the Yom Kippur War  five boats led by flotilla commander Michael Barkai sailed north to engage in the first-ever missile battle at sea off the main Syrian port of Latakia. The feisty Barkai told his captains that their objective was to draw the Syrian missile boats out of harbor. "If they don't come out, I mean to sail in and get them with guns." Two Syrian picket boats were encountered well off the Syrian coast. The first, a torpedo boat, was sunk with gunfire. The second, a minesweeper, was hit with missiles, the Gabriel's first blood. Three Syrian missile boats already at sea turned to meet the intruders. With their 25-kilometer advantage, the Syrians got in the first salvo. The Israeli boats raised their electronic umbrella and charged. In naval headquarters, officers monitoring Barkai's radio net heard him report the Syrian launch. His voice was level but taut. Herut Tzemah braced. The lives of 200 men as well as the fate of the missile boat program hung now on whether he had assessed the Styx's parameters correctly. The radio remained silent for the two minutes it took for the Syrian missiles to complete their flight. Then Barkai's voice. "They missed." The three Syrian boats ran for harbor, but one, the only one with missiles remaining, turned on the closest Israeli pursuer. As the two boats raced at each other, the Syrian fired first. The Israeli vessel again put up its electronic and chaff umbrella and at maximum Gabriel range launched two missiles. The Styx and Gabriel missiles passed each other, the former hitting the sea, the latter exploding on the deck of the Syrian vessel. A second Syrian boat was sunk a few moments later. The Soviet-built vessels had no countermeasures and were doomed once the Israelis reached Gabriel range. The captain of the third Syrian boat, realizing the situation, ran his vessel onto the shore to escape.
 
1973(10th of Tishrei, 5734):  Yadin Tannenbaum, a young flautist was killed in 1973 while fighting in the Yom Kippur war. The 1981 Halil, Leonard Bernstein’s nocturne for flute, percussion, and strings, it is dedicated “to the spirit of Yadin and to His Fallen Brothers.”
 
1973: For action today simply described as delaying enemy armor, Captain Zvika Greengold earned Israel’s Medal of Valor. The events that earned him Israel’s highest commendation are as follows. Twenty-one-year-old Lieutenant Greengold was home on leave when Egypt and Syria launched a coordinated surprise attack on two fronts. He was not attached to any unit as he was about to take a course for company commanders. Once he realized war had broken out, he hitchhiked to Nafekh, a command center and important crossroads in the Golan Heights, where he initially helped with the wounded, as no tanks were available. When two damaged Centurion tanks were repaired, Greengold was put in charge of them and sent with hastily-assembled scratch crews down the Tapline Road. Greengold's "Koah Zvika" (Zvika Force) spotted Syrian tanks belonging to the 51st Independent Tank Brigade of the Syrian Army which had broken through the line and were advancing unopposed northwest along the road to Nafekh. Greengold's two tanks engaged the opposing T-55s at 2100 hours, with Greengold destroying six. Later, he had lost contact with his other tank when he spotted the advancing 452nd Tank Battalion. He engaged the enemy, taking advantage of the darkness and moving constantly to fool the Syrians into thinking the opposition was stronger than it was. Greengold destroyed or damaged ten enemy armored vehicles before the confused Syrians withdrew, believing they were facing a sizable force. Even Greengold's superiors were deceived; as the fighting wore on, he did not dare report how weak he actually was over the radio for fear it would be intercepted; at best he could only hint "the situation isn't good". At a time when Force Zvika was only one tank, Colonel Yitzhak Ben-Shoham, the brigade commander, assumed it to be "of at least company strength". For the next 20 hours, he fought, sometimes alone, sometimes in conjunction with other tanks, displaying an uncanny knack for showing up again and again at the critical moment to tip the scales of a skirmish. He had to change vehicles "half a dozen times" as his tanks were knocked out. He soldiered on, even after he was wounded and burned. When Nafekh itself came under attack from a fresh force of T-62s, he rushed over to bolster the defense. In a lull in the fighting, an exhausted Greengold got out of his latest tank and dropped to the ground, murmuring, "I can't anymore." Afterward, he claimed 20 enemy tanks destroyed; other estimates place his tally at 40 or more.
 
1973:“The Syrian 7th Infantry Division attacked the Israeli 7th Armored Brigade in the area between Mount Hermonit and a southern ridge known as "Booster" in Israel” in what was the first day of the Battle for the Valley of Tears.
 
1981: Anwar Sadat was assassinated by Moslem fanatics angered by the peace treaty with Israel. Sadat was murdered on the 14th anniversary of the Yom Kippur War.

1981:Israel, using the United States as a go between to gain Saudi cooperation, rescued a grounded Israeli missile ship from a sandbar off the coast of Saudi Arabia, Israeli military sources said today. The sources confirmed reports in Washington earlier today on the unusual arrangement. American intelligence and diplomatic sources said that a French built Saar II Class patrol boat, armed with Israeli-made Gabriel ship-to-ship missiles, ran aground Sept. 26 about halfway down the 100 miles of Saudi coastline on the Gulf of Aqaba. Israel notified Saudi Arabia of the grounding through the American Embassy in Tel Aviv and asked the Saudis not to interfere because two Israeli tugboats were trying to free the ship, the American sources said. The Saudis complied, they said, and did not make public the incident. The Gabriel missiles and most of the ship's crew were removed, and the ship was freed within 48 hours. Israel, using the United States as a go-between to gain Saudi cooperation, rescued a grounded Israeli missile ship from a sandbar off the coast of Saudi Arabia, Israeli military sources said today. The sources confirmed reports in Washington earlier today on the unusual arrangement American intelligence and diplomatic sources said that a French-built Saar II Class patrol boat, armed with Israeli-made Gabriel ship-to-ship missiles, ran aground Sept. 26 about halfway down the 100 miles of Saudi coastline on the Gulf of Aqaba. Israel notified Saudi Arabia of the grounding through the American Embassy in Tel Aviv and asked the Saudis not to interfere because two Israeli tugboats were trying to free the ship, the American sources said. The Saudis complied, they said, and did not make public the incident. The Gabriel missiles and most of the ship's crew were removed, and the ship was freed within 48 hours.

1983: During the Israel bank stock crisis, “Black Thursday.”

1984(10thof Tishrei, 5745): Yom Kippur

1985(21stof Tishrei, 5746): Hoshanah Rabah

1985(21stof Tishrei, 5746): Seventy-nine year old Czech engineer Vilém Klíma passed away today.
 
1986: CBS broadcast “My Sister Sam” co-starring Rebecca Schaeffer for the first time.

1986: NBC broadcasts the first episode of the 6th Season of the “Cosby Show,” a sit-com created by Ed Weinberger.

1996(23rdof Tishrei, 5757): Simchat Torah

1996: The New York Times features Meyer Levin’s review of The Diaryof a Young Girl by Anne Frank

1997(5thof Tishrei, 5758): Eighty year old Yevgeny Khaldei the Soviet combat photographer best known for the iconic picture of a Russian soldier raising a flag over the Reichstag at the end of the Battle of Berlin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reichstag_flag_original.jpg
(This means that three of the iconic photos of WWII were taken by Jews, the others being Joe Rosenthal and Robert Capa)
 
1999:A 75-year-old American woman sued the Hungarian Government today for the return of art masterpieces looted by Nazis from the Jews and now held by Budapest museums, lawyers said. Martha Nierenberg, granddaughter of Baron Maurice Herzog, who once owned a Budapestmansion filled with art valued today at $10 million to $20 million, filed the suit in Budapest City Court, the lawyers said.
 
2000: U.S. premiere of “Meet the Parents” with a score by Randy Newman and a script co-authored by Jim Hamburg.

2002: The New York Times featured a review of Mr. Strangelove, Ed Sikov’s biography of Peter Sellers the son of a Jewish motherand a descendant of famed Anglo-Jewish prize fighter Daniel Mendoza.

2003(10thof Tishrei, 5674): Yom Kippur

2003: Aviel Barclay has become the first certified Soferet, or female Torah scribe. She is currently writing a Sefer Torah, the first ever known to be written completely by a woman's hand. The Women's Torah project of Seattle's Kadima Congregation has hired Barclay to write the Sefer Torah and has sponsored her studies to become a certified Soferet. Writing a Sefer Torah is a full-time project that will take Barclay at least 12 months to complete. Once the Sefer is completed in the Spring of 2005 and is dedicated in Seattle, it will travel to Jewish communities around the world. (As reported by Jewish Women’s Archive)

2005: The High Court of Justice established the absolute illegality of using Palestinian civilians in a military operation, whether in the "neighbor procedure" or the related "early warning procedure."

2005:  The Jerusalem Post reported that two Israelis have undergone successful transplants over Rosh Hashana, in Israel and in Europe. Efrat Rinot-Koren, the 30-year-old mother whose liver failed from acute hepatitis a month after having a baby, had undergone a liver transplant in Belgium. Meanwhile, a 20-year-old man was the first Israeli to undergo a heart and kidney transplant at the same time. The patient, operated on successfully at the Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Campus, was in critical condition and with only a few days to live when the organs became available. He was in stable condition on Wednesday night. So far, only a handful of such double transplants have been performed around the world.
 
2005: In the Jewish Journal, Jonathan Kellerman who along with his wife Faye, are writers of murder mysteries, publishes “Boy Do We Need Teshuvah Now!”
 
2006(14th of Tishrei, 5767): Erev Sukkoth and Erev Shabbat
 
2006: Robert Adler's latest patent application was filed on today for his work on touch-screen technology
 
2007(24th of Tishrei, 5768): Parshat Bereshit – the cycle begins again.
 
2007: “D.M. synagogue’s all-female leaders a rare feat,” published today reported that Tifereth Israel Synagogue in Des Moines is unique among Conservative Congregations because it boasts  both a female rabbi and a female cantor.  Rabbi Beryl Pador and Cantor Deborah Bletstein make up this dynamic duo.  Rabbi Pador had been leading the congregation for several years when the decision was made to hire Cantor Bletstein in time for the 2007 High Holiday season.  In the Mid-Continent Region of the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism which is composed of 48 congregations only one other has a female lead rabbi and only two others have female cantors.

 

2007: In “A Priest Methodically Reveals Ukrainian Jews’ Fate” published today Elaine Sciolino describes the efforts of a French Roman Catholic Priest named Patrick Desbois to discover and document the fate of the Ukrainian Jews.
 
2007: The New York Times featured a review of Francisco Goldman’s The Art of Political Murder: Who Killed the Bishop?
 
2008:  At RutgersUniversity in New Jersey, Arie Nesher, architect, city planner and professor at TelAvivUniversitydelivers an address entitled “Politics of the Environment in Israel and the Regionas part of the Ruth Ellen Steinman Bloustein and Edward J. Bloustein Memorial Lecture series.

2008: Sports Illustrated Magazine includes a review of Boys Will Be Boys by Jeff Pearlman and an article about Joe Maddon, “Tampa Bay’s progressive contrarian skipper” who “was hired by” Matt Silverman, the Jewish President of the team whose primary owner is Jewish financier Stuart Sternberg.”
 
2009(18th of Tishrei, 5770):Raymond Federman, the French born American author who wrote Double or Nothing, passed away today.
 
2009: Mark A. Grey, Michele Devlin and Aaron Goldsmith are scheduled to discuss their new book Postville, U.S.A. at Prairie Lights Books in Iowa City, IA.
 
2009:MK Yossi Beilin, former head of the Meretz Party, announced tonight that he is quitting politics to enter business.
 
2009(18th of Tishrei, 5770:Ruth L. Kirschstein, a National Institutes of Health pathologist, passed away today.



 
2010: A program styled Defiant Requiem: Verdi at Terezín, “We Will Sing to the Nazis What We Cannot Say to Them” is scheduled to be performed at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, DC.
 
2010:The New York Public Library (NYPL) has named Anthony W. Marx as the new president.
 
2011: The Jewish Museum is scheduled to offer the last of its High Holiday Themed docent tours of the permanent exhibition, “Culture and Continuity.”
 
2011: Timothy Shriver is scheduled to moderate a program based on “War of the Worldviews” by Deepak Chopra and Leonard Llodinow, whose father led the Jewish resistance against the Nazis in Częstochowa, Poland and survived imprisonment at Buchenwald.
 
2011:Thirty-eight years after the Yom Kippur War broke out, the IDF held a surprise drill today for two reservist divisions in an effort to prepare the Reserve Corps for possible emergency call-up orders. The drill was overseen by IDF Chief of General-Staff Lt.-Gen. Benny Gantz, and included units from the Northern Command and the Central Command.
 
2012: Arnon Goldfinger’s “The Flat” is scheduled for a second and final screening at the Hampltons International Film Festival.
 
2012: Director Erez Laufer’s “One Day After Peace” is scheduled for a second and final screening at the Hampltons International Film Festival.
 
2012: In Washington, DC the annual Cleveland Park Sukkah walk is scheduled to take place after Kiddush.
 
2012: The Alexandria Kleztet is scheduled to perform at the “Art on the Avenue” festival in Alexandria, VA.
 
2012: In Grand Forks, ND, Cantor Alane Katzew is scheduled to lead services at B’nai Israel Synagogue that will encompass the themes of Sukkoth, Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah.
 
2012: In Cedar Rapids, Iowa, the traditional Saturday morning includes a special memorial to mark 39th anniversary of the start of the Yom Kippur which began on October 6, 1973.
 
2012:Police carried out raids across France today after DNA on a grenade that exploded last month at a kosher grocery store led them to a suspected jihadist cell of young Frenchmen recently converted to Islam.
 
2012:The IDF shot down a foreign drone that had penetrated deep into Israeli airspace this afternoon, flying for half an hour before it was intercepted.

2012:Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu and Defense Minister Ehud Barak seemed to turn the page on their recent public bickering during a one-and-a-half-hour meeting tonight, saying that they had agreed to continue working together to overcome Israel's security threats.

2013: In New York the Center for Jewish History is scheduled to host “Hidden from History: The Pinkas of the Metz Rabbinic Court, 1771-1789,” “a conference that explores French and German rabbinic courts of the late 1700s.”

2013: “Threshold to the Sacred: The Ark Door of Cairo’s Ben Ezra Synagogue” is scheduled to open at Yeshiva University Museum.

2013: The Tulane University Jewish Studies Department is scheduled to sponsor a lecture by Jack Kulgelmas of the University of Florida, "Sifting the Ruins: Jewish Journalists Return to Poland, 1945-1947"

2013: E.L. Doctorow is scheduled to give an exclusive preview of his newest book, Andrew's Brain: A Novel at the opening of The Hyman S. & Freda Bernstein Jewish Literary Festival in Washington, DC.

2013: The New York Times features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including The Hotel Francforts by David Leavitt and “Unzipped,” an essay by Erica Jong “about storytelling – why certain stories stick with us and others don’t.”

2013: The formal ceremony installing Rabbi Asher Lopatin as the new president of Yeshivat Chovevi Torah is scheduled to take place today.

2013: The Jewish Endowment Foundation (JEF) of Louisiana is scheduled to honor several Jewish community leaders “who have exemplified giving and charity.”

2013: “Israel Prize winner David Kazhdan, 67, was severely injured when he was hit by a truck while riding his bike in Jerusalem.” (As reported by Spencer Ho)

2013: Eli Zeira and Zvi Zamir, former heads of the IDF Military Intelligence Directorate and the Mossad respectively, bitter rivals who stood at the center of the drama leading up to the surprise Arab attack on Israel that launched the 1973 Yom Kippur War, shared their sharply divergent narratives about the outbreak of the fighting today. (As reported by Mitch Ginsburg)

2013: “Hundreds of Labor party activists, volunteers and supporters gathered in Tel Aviv tonight for the formal launch of MK Shelly Yachimovich’s campaign for reelection as party leader.” (As reported by Haviv Rettig Gur

2013: Two of the three winners of the Nobel Prize for Medicine winners were Jews – James Rothaman of Yale and Randy Schekman of the University of California. Two of the candidates who did not win were Israelis – Professors Howard Cedar and Aharon Razin from Hebrew University.

2013(3rdof Cheshvan, 5774): Ninety three year old Rabbi Ovad Yosef, the spiritual leader of the Sephardi community passed away today.



2014: Roman Rabinoivich who “made his Israel Philharmonic debut…before his 11thbirthday is scheduled to perform with the Jupiter Symphony Chamber Players.

2014: In Washington, DC, the Lillian & Albert Small Jewish Museum is scheduled to host a panel discussion “From Church to Condo: D.C.'s Urban Evolution.”

2014: Sweden’s Ambassador is scheduled to come to the Foreign Ministry in Jerusalem “for a reprimand meeting” following that country’s announcement that it intends to recognize Palestine. (As reported by Itamar Eichner)

This Day, October 7, In Jewish History by Mitchell A. Levin

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OCTOBER 7

3761 BCE: According to some Jewish traditionalists, this corresponds to the date on which God created the World.  This marks the start of the epoch of the Modern Hebrew calendar.  The attached article should provide an explanation of this entry.  For those who have been studying in Cedar Rapids, please note the role of the Babylonian exile in the development of the calendar, which, as we have seen has been one of the most important vehicles for Jewish survival. I have included this rather lengthy article since so many people ask about the Jewish calendar and I know so little about. 

"The Hebrew calendar, also known as the Jewish calendar, is the annual calendar used in Judaism. It is based upon both lunar months and a solar cycle (which defines its years) and so is a lunisolar calendar. This is in contrast to the Gregorian calendar, which is based solely upon a solar cycle, or the Islamic calendar, which is purely lunar. Jews use this calendar to determine when the new Hebrew months start; this calendar determines the Jewish holidays, which Torah portions to read, and which set of Psalms should be read each day. Jews have been using a lunisolar calendar since Biblical times, but originally referred to the months by number rather than name. During the Babylonian exile, they adopted Babylonian names for the months. Some sects, such as the Essenes, used a solar calendar. The epoch of the modern Hebrew calendar is Monday, October 7, 3761 BCE, being the tabular date (same daylight period) in the proleptic Julian calendar corresponding to 1 Tishri AM 1 (AM = Anno Mundi = in the year of the world). This date is about one year before the traditional Jewish date of Creation on 25 Elul AM 1! A minority place Creation on 25 Adar AM 1, about six months after the modern epoch. Thus adding 3761 to a Gregorian year number will yield the Hebrew year number beginning in autumn (add 3760 for that ending in autumn). This holds until the Gregorian year 1 BCE. After that (due to the lack of year 0), adding 3760 to the Gregorian year yields the Hebrew year beginning in autumn (3759 for that ending in autumn). Because the Hebrew year drifts relative to the Gregorian year, this actually only works until the year 22,203, but it's a fairly good rule of thumb. The Hebrew month is tied to an estimate of the average time taken by the Moon to cycle from lunar conjunction to lunar conjunction. Twelve lunar months are about 354 days while the solar year is about 365 days so an extra lunar month is added every two or three years in accordance with a 19-year cycle of 235 lunar months (12 regular months every year plus 7 extra or embolismic months every 19 years). The average Hebrew year length is about 365.2468 days, about 7 minutes longer than the average tropical solar year which is about 365.2422 days. Approximately every 216 years, those minutes add up so that the Hebrew year is "slower" than the average solar year by a full day. Because the average Gregorian year is 365.2425 days, the average Hebrew year is slower by a day every 231 Gregorian years. There are exactly 14 different patterns that Hebrew calendar years may take. Each of these patterns is called a "keviyah" (Hebrew for "species"), and is distinguished by the day of the week for Rosh Hashanah of that particular year and by that particular year's length.

  • A chaserah year (Hebrew for "deficient" or "incomplete") is 353 or 383 days long because a day is taken away from the month of Kislev. The Hebrew letter ח"het", and the letter for the weekday denotes this pattern.
  • A kesidrah year ("regular" or "in-order") is 354 or 384 days long. The Hebrew letter כ"kaf", and the letter for the week-day denotes this pattern.
  • A shlemah year ("abundant" or "complete") is 355 or 385 days long because a day is added to the month of Heshvan. The Hebrew letter ש"shin", and the letter for the week-day denotes this pattern.

A variant of this pattern naming includes another letter which specifies the day of the week for the first day of Pesach (Passover) in the year. Every hour is divided into 1080 parts. A part (31/3seconds or 1/18 minute) equals a small Babylonian time period called a barleycorn, itself equal to 1/72of a Babylonian time degree (1° of celestial rotation). The weekdays start with Sunday (day 1) and proceed to Saturday (day 7). Since some calculations use division, a remainder of 0 signifies Saturday. The calendar is based on mean lunar conjunctions called "molads" spaced precisely 29 days, 12 hours, and 793 parts apart. Actual conjunctions vary from the molads by up to 13 hours in each direction due to the nonuniform velocity of the moon. This value for the interval between molads (the mean synodic month) was known to the Babylonians by about 250 BCE and was later used by the Greek astronomer Hipparchus and the Alexandrian astronomer Ptolemy. Its remarkable accuracy was achieved using records of lunar eclipses over several centuries. Measured using an absolute scale, such as an atomic clock, the mean synodic month is becoming gradually longer, but since the rotation of the earth is slowing even more the mean synodic month is becoming gradually shorter in terms of the day-night cycle. The value 29-12-793 was almost exactly correct in 1 CE and is now about 0.6 s per month too great. The 19 year cycle has 12 non-leap and 7 leap years. There are 235 lunar months in each cycle. This gives a total of 6939 days, 16 hours and 595 parts for each cycle. Due to the vagaries of the Hebrew calendar, 19 Hebrew years can be either 6939, 6940, 6941, or 6942 days each. To start on the same day of the week, the days in the cycle must be divisible by 7, but none of these values can be so divided. This keeps the Hebrew calendar from repeating itself too often. The calendar almost repeats every 247 years, except for an excess of 50 minutes (905 parts). So the calendar actually repeats every 36,288 cycles (every 689,472 Hebrew years). The leap years of 13 months are the 3rd, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th, and the 19th years. Dividing the Hebrew year number by 19, and looking at the remainder will tell you if the year is a leap year (for the 19th year, the remainder is zero). A Hebrew leap year is one that has 13 months in it, a non-leap year has 12 months. A mnemonic word in Hebrew is GUCHADZaT (the Hebrew letters gimel-vav-het aleph-dalet-zayin-tet, i.e. 3, 6, 8, 1, 4, 7, 9. See Hebrew numerals). Another mnemonic is that the intervals of the major scale follow the same pattern as do Hebrew leap years: a whole step in the scale corresponds to two non-leap years between consecutive leap years, and a half step to one non-leap between two leap years. A Hebrew non leap-year will only have 353, 354, or 355 days. A leap year will have 383, 384, or 385 days. Although simple math would calculate 21 patterns for the calendar years, there are other limitations which means that Rosh Hashanah may only occur on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, according to the following table:

 



Day of Week

Number of Days

Monday

353

355

383

385

Tuesday

354

 

 

384

Thursday

354

355

383

385

Saturday

353

355

383

385


Basically, the Hebrew months alternate between a short month and a long month, for example: Tishri (30 days), Cheshvan (also spelled Heshvan) (29 or 30 days), Kislev (30 or 29 days), Tevet (29 days), Shevat (30 days), Adar (29 days), Nisan (30 days), Iyar (29 days), Sivan (30 days), Tammuz (29 days), Av (30 days), Elul (29 days). For leap years, a 30 day month of Adar 1 is added immediately after the month of Shevat, and the 29 day Adar is called Adar 2. This is to ensure that the months remain at the same season rather than continuing to drift earlier by about 11 days per year. The 265 days from the first day of the 29 day month of Adar (the last one of the year) and ending with the 29th day of Heshvan forms a fixed length period that has all of the festivals specified in the Bible, such as Pesach (Nisan 15), Shavuot (Sivan 6), Rosh Hashannah (Tishri 1), Yom Kippur (Tishri 10), Sukkot (Tishri 15), and Shemini Atzeret (Tishri 22). The festival period from Pesach up to and including Shemini Atzeret is exactly 185 days long. The time from the traditional day of the vernal equinox up to and including the traditional day of the autumnal equinox is also exactly 185 days long. This has caused some unfounded speculation that Pesach should be March 21st, and Shemini Atzeret should be September 21, which are the traditional days for the equinoxes. Just as the Hebrew day starts at sunset, the Hebrew year starts in the Autumn (Rosh Hashanah), although the mismatch of solar and lunar years will eventually move it to another season (but not in your lifetime). Karaites use the lunar month and the solar year, but determine when to add a leap month by observing barley, rather than a fixed calendar. This occasionally puts them a month out of sync with the rest of the Jews"

1272: Pope Gregory Xcondemned the ritual murder libels aimed at the Jewish people. In addition, since Jews could not bear witness against Christians, he refused to accept testimony by a Christian against a Jew unless it was confirmed by another Jew.
1349: The Jewish population of Krems, Germany, was massacred in the Black Death riots.(As reported by Aish)
1555: Hundreds of Jews in Cracow were killed during the Hakafot, the ritual trouping of the Torah connected with Simchat Torah.
1571: The Holy League (Spain and Italy) destroyed the Turkish fleet at The Battle of Lepanto. This was part of a centuries-long battle before European Christians and the forces of Islam, in this case the Ottoman Empire.  Often the fighting was more about commercial gain than it was about religion.  The battle was significant because it was the first naval defeat the Ottomans had suffered in more than a century. While the Jews were not directly involved, the fighting had an impact on them.  At the time of the defeat, Selim II was the Sultan.  He opened his kingdom to the Jews settling a colony of them on the Island of Cyprus. The Ottomans accepted the defeat as the will of God, and unlike some Europeans, did not use the Jews as scapegoats for their loss.
1763: George III of Great Britain issues British Royal Proclamation of 1763, closing aboriginal lands in North America north and west of Alleghenies to white settlements. This attempt to control the growth of Colonial America was one of the causes of the American Revolution, with all that that would mean for the Jewish people. More immediately, the closure had a negative impact on the fortunes of Moses Franks, Jacob Franks, Barnard Gratz, Michael Gratz, David Franks, Moses Franks, Jr., Joseph Simon, and Levy Andrew Levy each of whom dabbled in “western” land speculation.

1772(10th of Tishrei, 5533): Yom Kippur
1777:Under the date of John Adams wrote his wife that he was in York, PA, where "I am lodged in the house of General Roberdeau, an Israelite, indeed, I believe, who with his sisters and children and servants does everything to make us happy. We are highly favored. No other delegates are so well off."  Fearing capture by the British, the Continental Congress had moved to York where it could meet in comparative safety. [Editor’s Note – Adams may have been in error since according there was a General Roberdeau whose father’s name is Isaac Roberdeau and they were Huegenots.]
1777: During the Revolutionary War, The Americans defeated the British in the Second Battle of Saratoga, also known as the Battle of Bemis Heights. This defeat led France to recognize the new United States of America and, more importantly, sign a treaty which brought the Americans much needed supplies, money and the support of the French fleet.  It was the turning point in the war that would create the home of the most significant Jewish community outside of Eretz Israel. Col. David Salisbury Franks, the highest ranking Jewish officer serving with the Continental Army served with valor during the Battle.  Franks would later be serving as an aide to Benedict Arnold when the general turned traitor.  He was cleared of all charges and continued to serve with during the war. He is not to be confused with his uncle David Franks who was a Loyalist.
1786(15th of Tishrei, 5547): Sukkoth
1812: In Charleston, SC, Jacob Lazarus married Mary Hart, the daughter of the late Daniel Hart.
1814(23rd of Tishrei, 5575): Simchat Torah
1814: Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin fell from a window today and suffered injuries that would lead to his death on Tisha B'Av, 5575 (August 15, 1815)
1840: Willem II became the King of the Netherlands. He was the son of Willem I the first Dutch monarch who ruled after the defeat of the French. Unlike his Germanic counterparts, Willem did not rescind the rights the Jews had enjoyed and this policy of acceptance was followed by his son who did nothing to abrogate the rights of the Jews.
1848(10th of Tishrei, 5609): As revolutions erupt throughout Europe, the Jews observe Yom Kippur

1845(6th of Tishrei, 5606): Author and linguist Samson Bloch who was an ardent supporter of the Haskalah movement passed away today.
1851:  In New York, a Hungarian Jew named Nathan Levins who has been in the United States for only two weeks filed a complaint at the Sixth Precinct claiming that Israel Steinhardt, another Hungarian Jew had robbed him of 940 pounds in Bank of England notes.  The police went to the house on Pell Street where Steinhardt was living, placed him under arrest and took him back to the precinct house where he was to be held until he could be brought before a magistrate. 
1852: In Nachod, Bohemia, Nathan and Julie Judith Josephine Mautner gave birth to Isidor Mautner.
1853: The ceremony of laying the corner-stone of a Jewish Educational Institute, in Greene-street, adjoining the Synagogue Bnai Jesharun, took place today. The Institute is intended as the beginning of a Hebrew College to be hereafter erected in this City. The religious services on the laying of the Corner-Stone were conducted by Rabbi Raphall.
1854(15th of Tishrei, 5615): Sukkoth
1854: William Wilkins gave a speech to a large gathering of Democrats in Pittsburgh, PA where he denounced the Know Nothing Party which is known for its opposition to foreigners and Catholics.  “He argued that if the Know Nothings succeeded, no religious sect would safe – that next after the Catholic the Hebrew would be proscribed.”  Jews feared the Know Nothings because of its views on non-Protestant religions and its animosity towards immigrants since many of the Jews were recent immigrants.
1860: According to a letter written by the President, Congregation Emanu-El in San Francisco has had a net gain of 49 members in the past year raising its numbers to a total of 227.  In the past year one adult and eighteen Jewish children passed away in the last year. Monthly expenses have risen from $750 to $800.  The sale of seats has grown by $2,000 and total over $5,000 this year. Dr. Elkan Cohn continues to serve as the Rabbi of the congregation that is growing so fast it will need a new sanctuary.  In addition to which, the congregation needs to appropriate money for a school for the youngsters, including salaries for the teachers. 
1863: A newspaper published in Petersberg, VA, reported that Our readers have already been apprised of the recent extensive sales of gold, paid for in drafts as valueless as the paper on which they were written. The premium "paid" for this gold was $12. Since the withdrawal of this heavy customer the demand for the precious metals has measurably subsided, and, as the Jews are now keeping one of their protracted annual holidays, the transactions for several days past have been very light. The commission brokers are now asking $11 50 for gold. No silver in the market.” The “protracted annual holidays” referred to the Sukkoth cycle with Simchat Torah having ended the day before the article was written. 
1864: Birthdate of Louis Ferdinand Gottschalk, the son of a Missouri governor who gained fame as a conductor and composer for musicals and movies.
1864: Joshua Pickering a member of the Cameron Dragoons, “a largely Jewish regiment” commanded by Colonel Max Friednman was killed today at Darbytown Road, Virginia during the Civil War.
1867:”Blood Libel charges triggered anti-Jewish riots in Romania.” (As reported by Aish)
1868: Founding of Cornell University at Ithaca, New York. Today at Cornell, there are approximately 3,500 Jewish undergrads among the 13,500 undergraduate population and another 500 Jewish students among its 5,000 Jewish graduate students. In other words, Jews account for about 25% of the school’s population. The school offers a major and minor in Jewish Studies as well as a full panoply of social and cultural on campus designed to meet the needs of Jewish students.
1870: During the Franco-Prussian War, Leon Gambetta escaped from Paris by balloon. This was the only way that Gambetta could reach Tours where he was active in organizing further military opposition to the Prussians.  Gambetta was instrumental in the formation of the French Third Republic.  His father was Jewish.  His mother was not.
1871(22nd of Tishrei, 5632): Shemini Atzeret
1871: Congregation Bethel was organized today shortly after the Great Chicago Fire.
1871: It was reported today that “the Hebrew Feast of Tabernacles closes this morning…Offerings of branches of the palm tree, the myrtle, willow and the citron were made” yesterday during services held in the synagogues of New York.
1874: It was reported today the government of Romania is upset by an article published in a Jewish paper that portrays Benjamin Peixoto, the U.S. Consul in Bucharest as “the only protector of the persecuted Jews” of that country.  The Romanians claim they have done everything possible to protect the Jews.  The government claims that the increase in the number of Jews entering the country from Russia and Austria and the cessation of the exodus of Jews from Romania serves as proof of their contention.
1878(10th of Tishrei, 5639): Yom Kippur
1878: According to reports published today, a new group of people has been discovered in India who are supposed to descendants of Jews sent there by King Solomon to capture elephants and work in the gold mines.  Instead of calling themselves Jews, they refer to themselves as Sons Of Israel. They have prayer-books and Bibles written in Hebrew.  They observe Shabbat but show no knowledge of Yom Kippur or Pesach. [Editor’s Note – While the connection with Solomon might be hard to prove, referring to themselves as Sons of Israel and not Jews would argue for their antiquity considering how much later the latter term came to be used to describe The Chosen People.]
1878: With the end of Yom Kippur this evening Morris Bloom a peddler living on Orchard Street and Sarah Greenberg of Hester Street can be married in a synagogue. The families of the couple had opposed the marriage and the youngsters had a Judge of the Court of General Sessions perform a civil ceremony.  Once the families saw that the two were committed to each other, they relented which is the reason for the religious ceremony.
1879: Germany and Austria-Hungary sign the "Twofold Covenant" and create the Dual Alliance. This alliance had amazing durability.  It was this alliance which helped trigger World War I and all the suffering for Jews and non-Jews that has flowed from this seminal event.
1879: Birthdate of Leon Trotsky.  Born Lev Davidovich Bronstein to wealthy Jewish farmers in the Ukraine, Bronstein became a revolutionary committed to the overthrown of the Czar.  After spending time in Siberia, he joined forces with Lenin.  After the Bolshevik Revolution created the Red Army which defeated both the foreign armies that invaded the Soviet Union and the White Forces during the bloody civil war that followed.  Trotsky would lose out to Stalin in the power struggle that followed Lenin’s death.  Trotsky would be hacked to death by one of Stalin’s agents in 1940 while living in Mexico.  Anti-Semites would use Trotsky’s Jewish origins as one source of proof that Communism was part of a Jewish conspiracy to take over the world. The joke among Jews was the Trostkys make the revolutions and the Bronsteins suffer the consequences.
1881(14thof Tishrei, 5642): Erev Sukkoth
1881(14thof Tishrei, 5642): Seventy-one year old Lewis Jacob Marcus lawyer and political activist who moved to England after his retirement passed away in Manchester, UK.
1881: “Current Foreign Topics” published today described the trial of the chief editors and a reporter for two of Germany’s leading newspapers who had been charged with “insulting a police commissioner” by reporting  on his attendance at an “anti-Jewish meeting” last year. The journalists accused him of “neglecting his duty” for not intervening when “a section of the audience attacked the Jews.” The reporter was acquitted but the editors were fined 50 marks.
1883: It was reported today that the Young Men’s Hebrew Association plans to offer a series of lectures every Saturday between now and November that will help with the Americanization of immigrants who have come from Germany, Russia and other parts of Eastern Europe.  Starting in November, the YMHA will offer classes four nights a week in reading, writing and spelling. Among those leading the effort are M.A. Kuresheedt, M.W. Platzek and Rabbi Aaron Wise.
1884: “City and Suburban News” published today included a note that Hebrew teacher Gadalic Richter has been released from the Tombs after charges of arson against could not be proven.
1885: Birthdate of Neils Bohr.  The Danish born physicist is the Father of Quantum Theory and winter of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922.
1886(8th of Tishrei, 5647):Solomon Goldberg, a 34 year Jew from Poland who had been confined to The Tombs on charges of not supporting his wife, took his own life this afternoon.
1886: Joseph Rosenberg, who had passed away at the age of 102, was buried today in New Orleans, LA.

          1888: “New Settlers Destitute” published today while many of the homesteaders living in the Dakota territories are suffering due to crop failure, the greatest suffering is found among the 300 Russian Jews who settled there two years ago.  Some of the families are without food and the rest will need outside financial assistance if they are to survive. (My grandfather and his brother homesteaded in the Dakotas in the 1890’s and experienced hardship.  After a winter of living on crackers, as soon as the roads were passable, my grandfather went back to Chicago to seek “fame and fortune.”)
1888: “Old World News By Cable” published today described the many contradictory stories going around Europe about the German scheme to rescue Emin Pasha.  Those opposed to the plans point out that he really is a Jew named Isaac Schnitzler. (Emin Pasha had in fact been born a Jew but he converted an became a romantic Muslim leader).
1888: Birthdate of movie director Robert Z. Leonard
1889: Driven by the effective and fervent lobbying efforts of activist Annie Nathan Meyer, Barnard College opened its doors. Although a number of northern elite women's colleges had opened during the 1870s, numerous cities, including New York, had little to offer young women of scholarly inclinations. At age 18, Meyer, who was largely self-educated, organized a reading circle and enrolled in the newly established extension program for women at Columbia College. Meyer married shortly before her 20th birthday in 1887 and soon began working to establish an affiliate women's college to Columbia. Meyer published a powerful letter to the Nationmagazine and circulated a petition throughout the city to win the college's trustees over to her effort. Meyer achieved funding and support from the trustees on April 1 1889, leased quarters for the school, and began accepting applicants. Barnard became the first women's college in New York to offer the rigorous course work equivalent to that of male liberal arts colleges. Annie Nathan Meyer continued her work with Barnard throughout her life, becoming a member of the first board of trustees and remaining active in trustee affairs for the ensuing six decades.
1890: “A Great City University” published today described the meeting of the Trustees of Columbia University where a list of gifts to the school was presented including $1,000 from Jesse Seligman which is to be allocated to the Seligman Fellowships.
1891: A brief summary of the annual report of the United Hebrew Charities showed that the organization had spent $167,811.85 in the last year, $62,121.60 of which came from the Baron de Hirsch Committee.
1891: “Jews  And The Russian Loan” published today described the concern among American Jews that two “Jewish” banking houses – Mendelssohn & Co. and Warschauer & Co. --- are willing to extend credit to a government that treats its Jewish subjects so poorly.
1894: Rabbi Wintner officiated at the wedding ceremony of Ida E. Korne and John Bernstein, the son Nathan Bernstein, the wealthy Brooklyn merchant who is near death and insisted that he marriage take place so he could witness it before he passed away.
1897: “Over In Camden” published today included a description of the observance of Yom Kippur in that New Jersey city just outside of Philadelphia, PA.
1897: The Bund (Jewish Workers Party) held its first conference in Russia. It was the first Jewish Socialist party in Eastern Europe. At first decidedly anti-Zionist and pro-Yiddishist, it was organized as a union of Russian Jewish socialist groups. The bund exerted a great influence on Jews in Europe and America. Interestingly enough, the Bund held its first meeting during the same year in which the Zionists held their first Congress.
1897: Professor Francis William Newman, the author of A History of the Hebrew Monarchy (1847) and Hebrew Theism (1874) who was the brother of the late Cardinal Newman passed away
1897: It was reported today that the late Lewis Stark, a New York businessman who “was a member of a number Hebrew charitable organizations” will be buried in Baltimore, MD
1898(21st of Tishrei, 5659): Hoshanah Rabah
1898(21st of Tishrei, 5659):  Birthdate of Alfred Wallenstein, principle cellist for the Chicago Symphony from 1922 to 1929.
1899: It was reported today the Jewish poet and author Salomon Mandelkern has come from his home in Leipzig to visit his son Israel who is living on East Broadway in Manhattan.
1899: Abraham Cahan was described today as “the ‘Yiddish’ author” who “lives near the up-town ‘Ghetto’ and edits a Hebrew scientific periodical, besides teaching and writing interesting newspaper articles about the east side and its peculiar peoples.”
1901: Birthdate of Ralph Reichenthal who gained fame as composer and pianist Ralph Rainger.
1903(16th of Tishrei, 5664): Second Day of Sukkoth
1903(16th of Tishrei, 5664): German Born mathematician Rudolph Otto Sigismund Lispchitz passed away.  Born in 1832, Lispschitz was a professor at the University of Bonn for almost forty years and the man who developed the mathematical paradigm known as the Lipschitz Continuity.
1906:The Sinai Temple congregation resolved to have Dr. Leon Messing, a native of Alabama, who was serving a congregation in Bloomington, commute to Champagne-Urbana every Sunday and on the high holidays.
1906: During his quest to get Cuban approval for the creation of a Jewish cemetery Manuel Hadida, Chairman of the United Hebrew Congregation (UHC) of Cuba, met with Rabbi Haim (Henry) Pereira Méndez, the spiritual leader of the Spanish-Portuguese synagogue, Shearith Israel, in New York.  Hadida was looking to the United States to use its influence with the newly independent Cuba to move this project forward
1909(22ndof Tishrei, 5670): Shemini Atzeret
1911(15thof Tishrei, 5672): Sukkoth

1912: Lionel de Rothschild M.P. married Mlle. Marie Louise Beer in Paris this afternoon.  Mlle. Beer is the daughter of French banker Edmond Beer and her sister married Baron Robert de Rothschild.
1912: Opening day of the “Becker-Rosenthal Murder Trial.”  Herman Rosenthal was a Jewish gambler in New York who was allegedly gunned down by Harry Horowitz’s Lenox Avenue Gang. Becker was Charles Becker, a crooked cop, whom the District Attorney believed had ordered the murder.
1916(10th of Tishrei, 5677): Yom Kippur
1916: Birthdate of economist Walt Whitman Rostow. He and his brother Gene were architects of American policy under the Kennedy and Johnson administrations.
1917(21st of Tishrei, 5678): Hoshanah Rabah is celebrated for the first time with the U.S. fighting in World War I.
1918:“A call for a final military effort on the battle field was published in the Vossiche Zeitung.  Written by the Jewish industrialist Walther Rathenau, its aim was to give Germany the strongest possible position from which to negotiate a peace of equality rather than of defeat. ‘It is peace we want, not war --- but not a peace of surrender.’”
1918: Birthdate of Harry V. Jaffa, one of Leo Strauss’ first graduate students.
1918: Birthdate of Marcus Klingberg. Born in Poland, Klingberg took refuge from the Nazis in the Soviet Union where he graduated from Medical School.  After serving doctor with the Red Army during World War II, he moved to Israel in 1948.  Eventually he would rise to a ranking position at the Israel Institute for Biological Research.  In 1983 he was unmasked as leading agent for the Soviet Union.
1919: Birthdate of Sir Zelman Cowen 19th Governor-General of Australia and active leader of the Melbourne Jewish Community.
1919: It was announced today that Sir Philip Albert Gustave David Sassoon, 3rd Baronet, had been awarded the French Croix de Guerre for his service during World War I.
1922(15th of Tishrei, 5683): Sukkoth
1923: In a major league career that lasted one week, Outfielder Mose Solomon played his last game for the New York Giants.
1923: Arnold and Ralph Horween “both scored in the same game as” Arnold “kicked two extra points and” Ralaph “ran for a touchdown as the Chicago Cardinals beat the Rochester Jefferson.”
1924(9th of Tishrei, 5685): Erev Yom Kippur

1934(28th of Tishrei, 5695): Dutch painter Isaac Lazarus Israëls passed away.  Painting must have been in his blood since he was the son of Jozef Israëls.  For examples of his work see

1935:  A memorial service for Jacob H. Schiff, Jewish philanthropist, was held today in the original building of Congregation Ohab Zedek at 18 West 116th Street in Manhattan. In 1906, Mr. Schiff had laid the cornerstone for this structure. A tribute by Morris Engelman, chairman of the congregation, included a plea for the establishment of a Schiff Memorial Fund that would aid Jewish social, educational and religious institutions throughout the world.
1936(21st of Tishrei, 5697): Hoshanah Rabah
1937:The Jerusalem Post reported that Bronislaw Huberman, the famous Jewish violinist and the founder of the Palestine Symphony Orchestra, was passenger on the Royal Dutch (KLM) plane which crashed in Sumatra. He escaped without serious injury.
1937: The Jerusalem Post reported that French troops stopped clashes between Arabs and Turks at Antioch.
1938: In London, UK, premiere of “The Lady Vanishes” co-starring Paul Lukas with music by Louis Levy.
1938: The Fascist Grand Council in Rome issues a set of new antisemitic laws designed for the "defense of the Italian race" and to suppress "world Hebrewism." Most of the laws target Jews,
1938: Germany decreed that passports of Jews were to be marked with a J.
1939: Hitler appointed Himmler head of the R.K.F.D.V., an organization responsible for the deportation of Poles and Jews from Polish provinces.
1939: “Stop Me If You’ve Heard This One, a comedy radio series hosted by Milton Berle aired for the first time tonight.
1939: Birthdate of chemist Sir Harold Kroto, who co-discovered fullerene. Born Harold Krotoschiner, Kroto shared in the 1996 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.  Kroto’s father was Jewish and he was raised as a Jew.
1939: Today’s occupation of Zamosc, Poland by the Nazis is preceded by Polish mobs attacking the town’s Jews.
1939: George and Isabel Schwartz Shenker gave birth to Joseph Shenker, who at the age of 29,  became the youngest president of a college in the City University of New York system and one of the youngest in the nation, when he was appointed interim president of Kingsborough Community College in Brooklyn in 1969.
1940: German troops move into Romania bringing with them the horrors of the Holocaust.  As can be seen from negotiations surrounding the 19thcentury Treaty of Berlin, anti-Semitism was an established part of the Romanian landscape. The Romanians, led by the infamous Iron Cross killed tens of thousands of their Jewish neighbors.  Estimates as to the actual number killed range from 280,000 to 380,000.

1940: The Vichy Government “swept away the Cremieux Decree of 1870; a law that granted French citizenship to the Jews of Algeria.  This act of anti-Semitism would echo in the world of 21st American politics when Virginia Republican Senator George Allen found out for the first time that his was an Algerian Jew; a refugee from the Holocaust who had never told her son of his Jewish ancestry for fear that someday the United States would turn on its Jewish citizens in the same that France had during World War II.
1941: At Rowne, Volhunia, the SS and local militia took over 17,000 Jews taken from their homes, marched them to open pits, and slaughtered them.
1943: German convoys deported Jews from Morocco to the concentration camps of Europe.
1943: Jewish partisans fighting in Lithuania destroyed fifty telegraph poles.
1943: One thousand Jews are deported from Paris to their deaths at Auschwitz.
1943: In an official report, the German chief of police in Poland recommends that Poles who aid Jews should be dealt with without benefit of trial.
1943: In a Yom Kippur radio message to Jewish service men, Vice President Henry A. Wallace said that "the names of those who have served in this war will be honored whether they belong to the so-called blue-bloods from Boston or Negroes from South Carolina…' We are not Jews or Gentiles, Whites or Blacks,' but people of the United States.”
1944(20th of Tishrei, 5705): Dutch banker Jacobus Henricus Kann who was a partner in Lissa & Kann and a co-founder of the Jewish Colonial Trust died today at Theresienstadt
                                                                           
1944: While the furnaces belched forth Jewish ashes, a group of Jewish members of the Auschwitz Sonderkommando revolted. They killed a number of their masters, destroyed one gas chamber/crematorium complex, damaged another, and - more than any other nation - stopped the slaughter of innocent Jews. One of the key participants in this little-known revolt was Rosa Robota, a young Jewish prisoner, who arranged to obtain the explosives, stored them, and turned them over to the Underground. Young Rosa and three other women prisoners were hanged for their complicity in this revolt a few days before the Germans abandoned the camp. She received the highest award from the Polish government, and is honored with a sculpture in Yad VaShem.
                                                                              OR

1944(20th of Tishrei, 5705): Today, the Sonderkommandos at Birkenau chose to revolt instead of being selected to be "sent away." Chaim Neuhof was the first to strike an SS guard. Then the rest of the Crematorium IV men surged forward with pick and axes against their guards despite the arrival of multiple machine gun units. After setting fire to the Crematorium, the SS machine-gunned all the men. Despite this Crematorium II Sonderkommandos and Russian prisoners followed their lead and joined in the fight.  Many men from Crematorium III and V broke out through the fences. Almost all were caught and executed. [Editor’s note- this took place on the 6th of Sukkoth.  You have to wonder why this event has not been memorialized in the festival liturgy.]
1945: During a press conference in Rome two Republican Senators, Karl E. Mundt of South Dakota and Frances P. Bolton of Ohio expressed their opposition to a reported request from President Truman to the British government 100,000 Jews into Palestine be allowed to move to Palestine immediately.

1946: “The Jewish National Fund made a world-wide appeal today to Jews to contribute $20,000,000” during the upcoming Jewish year.  Dr. Abraham Granowsky, chairman of the Board of Directors of the JNF said that funds contributed during the past year had made it possible for new settlements to be built in areas that extended the reach of the Yishuv.
1947(23rd of Tishrei, 5708): Simchat Torah
1947: British trade unionist Manny Shinwell begins serving as Secretary of State for War under Prime Minister Clement Attlee making him part of the civilian leadership controlling the British Army that was battling with the Jews of pre-state Israel.
1948:Just months after the state of Israel triumphantly declared its independence the town of Waltham, Mass. welcomed the nation's first non-sectarian, Jewish-sponsored University. Spanning a total of 100 acres, the original campus replaced the former Middlesex College. Prominent members of the American Jewish community, including Albert Einstein, founded the University in tribute to Louis D. Brandeis, who served on the U.S. Supreme Court from 1916 to 1939. The University initially comprised the School of General Studies, the School of Social Studies, the School of Humanities and the School of Science. First-years were to enroll in the School of General Studies and then choose a field of specialty. Heralded by its first president, Abram Sachar, the school’s first president said that the institution would follow those ideals of "academic integrity" and service, exemplified by its namesake.
1948: The Neutral Zone around Government House in Jerusalem was transferred to United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) protection.
1951: In Baltimore, MD, Morton and Bettie Brenner gave birth to Barbara Ann Breener, who “became Breast Cancer Action’s first executive director in 1995, two years after undergoing treatment for the disease and a year before it recurred.” (As reported by Denise Grady)
1951: Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion presented his new government to the Knesset.  The long drawn out process convinces Ben-Gurion that Israel needs to move from the multi-party system to a two-party system like the British use.  But even Ben-Gurion cannot bring about this change.  To this day, Israeli politics continue to chaotic due to its multiplicity of parties and shifting political alliances.
1952:The Jerusalem Post reported that Dov Shilansky tried to sabotage the reparations agreement with Germany by an attempt to bomb one of the Foreign Ministry buildings in Jerusalem's Hakirya. Emotions on this topic ran high on this topic.  Many Jews felt that accepting money would somehow be a sign of forgiving the Germans.  Others felt that it was “blood money” and it was tainted.  Ultimately, a realistic view would prevail and Israel would use the money in a variety of ways designed to help the infant state survive.
1954(10th of Tishrei, 5715): Yom Kippur
1955: Beat poet Allen Ginsberg reads his poem "Howl" for the first time at a poetry reading in San Francisco
1956: The Israeli Cabinet expresses support for Ben Gurion’s decision to exercise restraint and not mount reprisal raids against Arab terrorists.
1959: U.S. premiere of “Pillow Talk,” a comedy co-produced by Martin Melcher, with a script co-authored by Stanley Shapiro and co-starring Tony Randall.
1961: After 607 performances the curtain came down on the original Broadway production of “Bye Bye Birdie” with music by Charles Strouse
1966(23rd of Tishrei, 5727): Simchat Torah
1968(15th of Tishrei, 5729): Sukkoth is celebrated for the last time during the Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson who helped bring Jewish refugees to United States in the 1930's and supported Israel during the Six Day War.
1972: Birthdate of American screenwriter and film director Ben Younger who is responsible for a marvelous little film called “Boiler Room.”
1973: Today “Israel’s defense minister Moshe Dayan told prime minister Golda Meir to consider making preparations for the use of nuclear weapons, according to an interview with a ministerial aide now being published for the first time.” (As reported by Mitch Ginsburg)

1973: Publication of the Israeli official English translation of Prime Minister Meir’s radio and television address given after the outbreak of the Yom Kippur War.

1973: On the second day of the Yom Kippur War, 100 tanks arrived on Israel’s border with Syria.  General Hofi, the Israeli commander on the Northern Front had requested the tanks before the fighting started. This meant that General Hofi had 170 tanks to use against 1,400 Syrian tanks.  To understand the immensity of the threat faced by the Israelis, consider the following, in World War II the Nazis used 1400 tanks to invade the Soviet Union along a 1,000 mile front.  The Syrians had 1,400 tanks to use along a forty mile front.
1973: Caught by surprise and badly outnumbered, Israeli troops cling to front in the Sinai.  In twenty four hours the Israeli force of 290 tanks had been reduced by two thirds.  Dayan visited the Sinai front and called for a withdrawal to the Sinai passes, which he thought would be a better line of defense.  General Sharon arrived with a reinforcing division and wanted to advance to the east bank of the Canal.  As the generals debated, the soldiers on the ground were fighting a series of bloody holding actions.  Egyptian hand held missiles were negating the edge that the Air Force and armored units had previously given the IDF.  
1973: A discussion took place at the Prime Minister's Office that centered on how to enlist American support at the United Nations and head off a cease-fire that would hurt Israel. Mrs. Meir suggested putting together a list of requests.  Mrs. Meir rejected a suggesting that the Israelis should present U.S. secretary of state Henry Kissinger with a partial, distorted picture exaggerating Israel's poor situation to win the Nixon administration's support. Meir rejected the suggestion out of hand. "We should telegraph him the details; he should get the real picture," she said. "We can't play hide and seek with him." Minister Yisrael Galili asked in response, "Do we sell him the fact that we've moved out of the populated areas?"  Mrs. Meir replied, "I don't object to us saying, there's also risk to populated areas ... I want to give him the real picture. I'm not under the impression the situation is doomed ... We should tell it to him convincingly. Tonight was a bad night."
1973:Word of the stunning success of the Israeli missile boats brought crowds down to the Haifa breakwater this morning to welcome the returning squadron. Barkai, the commanding officer, had decided that there would be no brooms tied to masts, the traditional symbol of a naval victory. Any flaunting of the victory over the Syrians, he said, "wouldn't be respectful to them or to ourselves."
1973: Gad Smooch avoided landed safely after the Syrians had fired a SAM at his F-4E/
1973: Avikam Lif, Ami Elkelei, Shuki Wolfson, Avi Barber, and Zvi Afik were all taken prisoner when the F-4E Phantom Jets they were flying were shot down by Syrian Surface to Air Missiles (SAM)
1973: On the second day of the Battle for the Valley of Tears, “Syrians forces suffered heavy losses as the outnumbered Israeli tanks and infantry fought desperately to buy time for reserves forces to reach the front lines.”
1981(9th of Tishrei, 5742): Erev Yom Kippur
1981: As the Jews of Cedar Rapids chant Kol Nidre, Abbie Silber, daughter of Laurie and Dr. Robert Silber arrives in the world.  It is an appropriate and auspicious choice of birthdates for a young woman who has gone to become a “Sweet Singer in Israel” and whose parents are pillars of the Jewish Community.
1981(9th of Tishrei, 5742): Novelist Albert Cohen passed away.  Cohen is a study in the multi-nationalism of Jewish identity.  Born in Greece in 1895, Cohen wrote his novels in French, and became a Swiss Citizen in 1919.
1981: Egypt's parliament named Vice President Hosni Mubarak to succeed the assassinated Anwar Sadat.  Much to the consternation of those who plotted Sadat’s murder, Mubarak continued to honor the peace agreement with Israel.
1985(22nd of Tishrei, 5746): Shemini Atzeret
1985: Palestinian gunmen hijacked the Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro in the Mediterranean with more than 400 people aboard. “Four men representing the Palestine Liberation Front (PLF) took control of the liner off Egypt while she was sailing from Alexandria to Port Said within Egypt. The hijackers had been surprised by a crew member and acted prematurely. Holding the passengers and crew hostage, they directed the vessel to sail to Tartus, Syria, and demanded the release of 50 Palestinians then in Israeli prisons. When refused permission to dock at Tartus, the hijackers shot one wheelchair-bound passenger – an American named Leon Klinghoffer – because he was Jewish, and threw his body overboard. The ship headed back towards Port Said, and after two days of negotiations the hijackers agreed to abandon the liner for safe conduct and were flown towards Tunisia aboard an Egyptian commercial airliner.
1988:Health Ministry officials began vaccinating all people under the age of 40 in Israel and the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip. The vaccination was in response to concerns about a possible outbreak of polio.
1989: “Forever Your Girl,”  the debut album from singer Paula Abdul “hit number for the first time” today.
1990: Israel begins handing out gas masks to its citizens as Sadam Hussein threatens to fire Scuds armed with chemical weapons on the Jewish state.  In the Gulf War, Hussein will fire Scuds, but none of them will contain chemical weapons.  At the request of the Bush Administration, the Israelis refrained from retaliating against the Iraqis.  This is the first time that an Israeli government has entrusted security to another nation.
1992(10th of Tishrei, 5753): Yom Kippur
1992(10th of Tishrei, 5753): Sixty-two year old Allan Bloom passed away. (As reported by Keith Botsford)

1996: In a speech in the Knesset, Shimon Peres appealed to Benjamin Netanyahu to sign the Hebron agreement.
1999: In “Hanging In” published today Yehuda Lev described what it is like to be a 72 year old in a classroom full of Gen Xer’s at Brandies
2000: PBS broadcast a revival production of “The Man Who Came To Dinner,” a three-act comedy by George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart.
2001(20th of Tishrei, 5762): Famed cartoonist Herblock passed away. [Words do not justice to this brilliant political artist and satirist. The following is just one of the many websites where you can see his work http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/swann/herblock/
2001: The New York Times reviewedMisconceptions: Truth, Lies, and the Unexpected on the Journey to Motherhood by Naomi Wolf.

2003(11th of Tishrei, 5764):Israel Harold "Izzy" Asper, Canadian tax-lawyer, media magnate and leader of the Canadian Jewish community passed away.

2003(11th of Tishrei, 5764): Ninety- one year old composer Arthur Berger passed away. (As reported by Alan Kozinin)

2005: U.S. premiere of “good night, and good luck,” a must see movie produced by Grant Heslov with a script co-authored by Grant Heslov.
2005: Sarah Levy-Tanai, founder of the Inbal dance troupe and one of the country's most important choreographers was laid to rest.  She had passed away at the age of 95.
2005: The legendary Israeli basketball guard Doron Sheffer announced his retirement.  The Israeli native had played on championship teams at the University of Connecticut. He was the first Israeli to be chosen in the N.B.A. draft.  Sheffer passed up a chance to play with the Los Angeles Clippers and returned to Israel where he played for Maccabi Tel Aviv and Hapoel Jerusalem.  He led Hapoel Jerusalem to its first European title when it defeated Real Madrid in the ULEB Cup final. 
2006: Opening of the International Haifa Film Festival
2007: The Jewish Museum of Florida presents an exhibition styled “The Art Of Rabbi Shoni Labowitz.” The artworks are inspired by the beauty and details of life, nature, women, spirituality and ritual.  After a distinguished career as a rabbi, publisher and author, Shoni Labowitz is return to her lifelong dream of being an artist.  The exhibit is an extension of her spirituality, evident in her style and subject matter.  She says: “Whether it is feeling the bristles of the brush against the canvas, stroking color into shapes or feeling the clay beneath her hands, it is all a form of connecting with the spirituality in all things.
2007:The Sunday Washington Post book section included reviews of The Israel Lobby And U.S.Foreign Policyby John J. Mearsheimer and Stephen M. Walt and The Deadliest Lies The Israel Lobby and the Myth of Jewish ControlbyAbraham H. Foxman.
2007: The Sunday New York Timesbook section featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or on topics related to Judaism including  Exit Ghost by Phillip Roth, The Immortalists: Charles Lindbergh, Dr. Alexis Carrel, and Their Daring Quest to Live Forever  in which David M. Friedman examines the Lone Eagle’s love affair with eugenics that help explain some of his views about Hitler, the Jews and World II, You Can Lead a Politician to Water but You Can’t Make Him Think:Ten Commandments for Texas Politics by Kinky Friedman and The Journal Of Joyce Carol Oates: 1973-1982, Edited by Greg Johnson.Oates “discovered late in life her own family's Jewish history: Her grandmother, who immigrated to the United States in the 1890s, kept her religion hidden for fear of persecution. So the question arises: Is Oates Jewish and can Oates' writing be characterized as distinctively Jewish?”
2008:Israeli Chief Ashkenazi Rabbi Yona Metzger has issued a prayer for the safe return of captive soldier Gilad Schalit which he plans to distribute today, to be read in synagogues throughout Israel on Yom Kippur and weekly on Shabbat after the Torah reading.
2008:A woman who admitted fabricating a best-selling memoir about surviving the Holocaust as a child by living with wolves has won a court battle with her former publisher. Misha Defonseca's 1997 book, Misha: A Memoire of the Holocaust Years was translated into 18 languages, made into a feature film in France, and drew interest from the Walt Disney Co. and Oprah Winfrey. After Defonseca admitted earlier this year that she had made up the story, her former publisher, Jane Daniel, sued to try to overturn a $32.4 million court judgment Defonseca and her ghost writer, Vera Lee, won against her in an earlier fight over profits. Daniel argued that because the story was false, Defonseca perpetrated a hoax on the trial judge and the jury. But this week, Middlesex Superior Court Judge Timothy Feeley threw out Daniel's lawsuit because she did not file it within a one-year statute of limitations. 
2009(19th of Tishrei, 5770): Chol Hamoed Sukkoth
2009(19th of Tishrei, 5770): Photographer Irving Penn passed away at the age of 92. (As reported by Andy Grundberg)

2009: In the nation’s capital, The DCJCC presents “An Evening With Betty Buckley.”
2009:At Yale University in New Haven, a screening of "The Case for Israel: Democracy's Outpost," a feature-length documentary film followed by a discussion led by Professor Dershowitz.
2010: An exhibition of the paintings of Tel Aviv artist Tamar Rosen is scheduled to open at the Agora Gallery in New York.
2010:Former State Comptroller Alan G. Hevesi, once considered a leading voice on corporate governance and ethics, stood before a judge today and calmly explained how he took part in a sprawling corruption scheme involving New York State’s $125 billion pension fund while serving as its sole trustee. 
 2011(9th of Tishrei, 5772): Erev Yom Kippur
2011(9th of Tishrei): Abbie Silber celebrates her first birthday as the wife of Rabbi Feival Strauss.  This birthday is unique because it falls on the same dates on both the religious and secular calendars as it did the year when Mrs. Strauss was born.  Abbie is the daughter of Laurie and Dr. Robert Silber, pillars of the Jewish community and two of the finest people you would ever want to meet. 
2011(9th of Tishrei, 5772): Seventieth Anniversary of the end of the two day Nazi massacre of over 33,000 Jews at Babi Yar, at a ravine outside of Kiev, the Ukrainian city that was part of the Soviet Union.
2011: The European Union said today that the Middle East Quartet will meet on October 9 in Brussels as part of a wider effort to restart the moribund Israeli-Palestinian peace process. EU spokesman Michael Mann said today the focus would be to maintain momentum in encouraging the parties to return to negotiations.
2011: The IDF announced that the security presence in Jerusalem were beefed up today in preparation for Yom Kippur
2011:Silence fell over Israel at around 5 P.M. today, as the Yom Kippur fast began. Air traffic to and from Israel halted from 1 P.M. and is not scheduled to begin again until 9:30 P.M. tomorrw, while the border crossings to Jordan and Gaza have been closed down. The weather forecast bodes well for fasters, with comfortable temperatures. Tomorrow will be slightly warmer than today but not more humid, so the heat stress will not rise - good news for fasters.
2011:Over 1000 people attended a Kol Nidre Yom Kippur service organized by Daniel Sieradski at the Occupy Wall Street demonstration that had begun in September.
2012(21st of Tishrei, 5773): Hoshana Rabbah
2012: “A vandal scrawled graffiti on a mural by modern Jewish American master Mark Rothko at London’s Tate Modern today.”
2012(21st of Tishrei, 5773): In keeping with the minchag of Reform Judaism, Temple Judah is scheduled to host a Pizza Simchat Torah celebration in Cedar Rapids.

2012: The New York Timesfeatured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including The Revenge of Geography:What the Map Tells Us About Coming Conflicts and the Battle Against Fate by Robert D. Kaplan, Subversives:The FBI’s War on Student Radicals, and Reagan’s Rise to Power by Seth Rosenfeld and All We Know: Three Livesby Lisa Cohen 
2012: In Iowa City, Agudas Achim is scheduled to sponsor its second annual Sukkah Crawl
2012:Lorraine Lotzof Abramson, author, "My Race: A Jewish Girl Growing Up under Apartheid in South Africa is scheduled to appear on Channel 75
2012: In Venezuela, voters are scheduled to go to the polls and vote for either Hugo Chavez or Henrique Capriles, the grandson of Holocaust survivors as the next president of this major South American nation
2012: French President Francois Hollande today promised the Jewish community a major increase in security after blank bullets were fired near a Parisian synagogue in the most recent incident in a wave of anti-Semitic attacks in France.
2013: In Washington, DC, the Hyman S.& Freda Bernstein Jewish Literary Festival is schedule to present an evening with mystery writer Walter Mosely.
2013: Rabbi Moshe Arye Bamberger, the Head of the Bet Din of the Jewish community of Metz, France is scheduled to present a seminar on a new publication, Torat Chachmei Metz, or The Torah of the Scholars of Metz, which is based on an original manuscript in the YIVO Archives.
2013: From Cedar Rapids to Columbus, Ohio and points beyond friends and family of Abbie Strauss, the daughter of Dr. Bob and Laurie Silber and the wife of Rabbi Feivel Strauss celebrate the birthday of this accomplished musician,  supportive helpmate and mother par excellence.
2013: Five more people are scheduled to on trial in federal court in New York in connection with Bernie Madoff’s massive stock fraud and con.
2014: The Jewish Community Center of Northern Virginia is scheduled to host two seminars on “Iranian-Jewish Culture and History” presented by Isaac Yomtovian author of My Iran: Memories, Mysteries and Myths.
2014: The Center for Jewish History is scheduled to host a lecture by Gennady Estraikh entitled “Farewell to Communism: Howard Fast and Soviet Yiddish Writers.”
2014: In Dallas, TX, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum is scheduled to host Do Words Kill? Hate Speech, Propaganda, and Incitement to Genocide

 
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