October 2
825 BCE (22nd of Tishrei, 2936): According to tradition King Solomon bid farewell to the Jewish people who had come to Jerusalem for a 14-day ceremony dedicating the Holy Temple (1-Kings 8:66). King David had brought the Ark of the Covenant up to Jerusalem's Mount Moriah, but as a warrior he was not permitted by God to erect the Temple. However, his son Solomon did so. The Temple was the most important site in Israel -- a spiritual magnet for the Jewish nation's yearnings. The magnificent structure took seven years to build, and stood for 410 years
322 BCE: The Greek philosopher Aristotle dies of indigestion. (Is this what you get for eating traif?) Several Jewish philosophers and theologians would be influenced or be-deviled by Aristotelianism, not the least of whom would be Judah ha-Levi and Maimonides
1187: Sultan Saladin captured Jerusalem from the Crusaders. While the Crusaders had held Jerusalem, they had barred Jews from living in the city. Saladin allowed them to return. Saladin’s physician was none other than Maimonides.
1264: The papacy of Urban IV who had written“Bela, the Hungarian King who was using Jews as agents” “reproaching him for giving opportunities to the people whose own sin had condemned them to eternal servitude, to exercise official authority over Christians” ended today.
1373: Wenceslaus IV who as Emperor failed to continue the Imperial protection of the Jews of Luxembourg led to their expulsion in 1391 was named Elector of Brandenburg today.
1535: French explorer Jacques Cartier discovers Montreal, Quebec. The French did not allow Jews to settle in Canada. Jews were only able to settle in Montreal until after the British defeated the French in the 18th century. In 1768, 12 families arrive in Montreal from New York marking the start of one of the most vibrant Jewish communities in North America.
1596(10thof Tishrei, 5357): Yom Kippur
1596: For the first time in the history of Amsterdam, sixteen “met together for worship” at the house of Don Samuel Palache, ambassador of the emperor of Morocco to the Netherlands.”
1656: Yom Kippur services were held for the first time in Amsterdam. Neighbors thinking they were secret Catholics reported them to the authorities and the leaders were arrested. Once it was explained that they were secret Jews rather than Papists, they were let alone and the leaders released. The oldest synagogue in Amsterdam (possibly all of Western Europe) is “The Great Synagogue” built in 1671. According to historians, it was built so that Jews would not have to worship in clandestine places.
1682: “John George III of Saxony issued a new decree, in which the onerous regulations relating to Jews passing through the country were somewhat modified, since those regulations were found to be detrimental to the yearly fairs at Leipsic.”
1724(Tishrei, 5485): Solomon Sasportas, son of Isaac Sasportas and grandson of Jacob Sasportas who had served as the Rabbi at Nice, France since 1690 passed away today.
1734: Based on the date on the document, Isaac Franks, the brother of Aaron Franks, wrote the final version of his will today.
1755: In Medfield, MA, Thomas Adams and Elizabeth Clark gave birth to Hannah Adams, “the first woman in the United States who” was a professional write and whose works included a History of the Jews: From the Destruction of Jerusalem published in 1812 making it one of the earliest books written in the United States on this subject.
1768: Myer Moses and his wife gave birth to Rebecca Moses who became Rebecca Moses Harby when she married London born Solomon Harby who had settled in South Carolina.
1774: Birthdate of Louis-Gabriel-Ambrose Bonald the opponent of the French Revolution whose anti-Semitism ran so deep that he believed the only way Jews could become morally fit was for them to convert to Catholicism.
1777(1stof Tishrei, 5538): Rosh Hashanah
1780(3rd of Tishrei, 5541):Tzom Gedaliah
1780: Colonel David Salisbury Franks, the aid-de-camp to General Benedict Arnold was arrested on suspicion of treason following the exposure of the Arnold’s plot to betray the Americans and turn West Point over to the British. Franks was the son of Jacob Franks, a prominent Jewish Philadelphia (PA) family. [You have to wonder if Colonel Franks was fasting on the day of his arrest.]
1783 (or 1784): In London, Jacob Israel Bernal and Leah da Silva gave birth to Ralph Bernal, who began as an actor, moved to Parliament and end up as president of the British Archaeological Society. Along the way he converted (the price of success?)
1786(10thof Tishrei, 5547): Yom Kippur
1791(4thof Tishrei, 5552): Tzom Gedaliah
1789: George Washington transmits the proposed Constitutional amendments (The United States Bill of Rights) to the States for ratification. The First Amendment had particular for the small America Jewish community and has loomed large for the growth of the modern Jewish community. The Amendment opens with the following declaration “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof;” In other words, the government would not establish a state religion and at the same time, the citizens were free to practice whatever religion they individually chose. This simple clause, one part of a single sentence, is the legal underpinning for the reality that has made the American Jewish community different than all of its predecessors.
1793: Joseph Friedberg married Matilda Joachim at the Great Synagogue.
1798: Birthdate King Charles Albert of Piedmont-Sardinia who promulgated the Codice Albertino “which made Piedmont the first Italian state to grant its Jewish citizens equal rights and allow them to enter the military.”
1811: In London, Samson Beck and his wife gave birth to Elizabeth Beck.
1813: Birthdate of Rabbi Ephraim Israel Blucher, the native of Moravia who was “the author of Healing of the Aramaic Tongue, a Hebrew grammar and whose German translation of the Book of Ruth was published at Lemberg in 1843.
1817(22nd of Tishrei, 5578) Shimini Atzeret
1826(1st of Tishrei, 5587): Rosh Hashanah
1831: Birthdate of botanist Julius von Sachs, the native of Breslau, who held the chair of botany at the University of Wurzburg from 1868 until his death in 1897.
1835(9th of Tishrei, 5596): Erev Yom Kippur
1835: The Texas Revolution begins with the Battle of Gonzales. Jews were active participants in the Texas fight for freedom including Dr. Albert Levy became a surgeon to revolutionary Texan forces in 1835.
1835: Cécile Furtado, the daughter of Elias Furtado whose father had been a rabbi in Bayonne married banker Charles Heine, the son of Salomon Heine and the cousin of poet Heinrich Heine.
1836(21stof Tishrei, 5597): Hoshana Raba
1836: Barnett Lee married Diamond Foligno today at the Western Synagogue.
1838: MP Frederick D. Goldsmid and his wife gave birth to Sir Julian Goldsmid.
1836: In Bavaria, Seligman Baer Bamberger, the son of Shimon Simcha Bamberger and Judith Bamberger and Kela Bamberger gave birth to Judith Bamberger who became Judith Adler when she married Rabbi Immanuel Menachem Adler.
1845(1stof Tishrei, 5605): Rosh Hashanah
1845: “Charles VI,” an opera composed by Fromental Halevy was performed for the first time in French at Brussels.
1845: In New Orleans, LA, Daniel Goodman and the former Amelia Harris gave birth to Benjamin Franklin Goodman.
1846: Birthdate of German statistician Gottlieb Schnapper-Arndt.
1847: In Posen, Prussian aristocrat Robert von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg and his wife Luise Schwickart gave birth to Paul von Hindenburg
1850: Birthdate of New Orleans native Jeannette Levy Falk, the wife of Ferdinand Falk and the moterh of Arnold, Gustave, Myron and Gertrude Falk.
1852: “At Blank Place in Mallow, County Cork, “James O’Brien, a solicitor’s Clerk and his wife Kate the daughter of James Nagle” gave birth to “Irish nationalist” and Member of Parliament, William O’Brien, the husband Sophie Raffalovic, a Jewess and a friend and supporter of Michael Daivtt, the author of The True Story of Anti-Semitic Persecutions in Russia who “attacked those who participated in the riots at Limerick and visited the Jewish victims.”
1853: Austria adopted laws forbidding Jews from owning land
1854(10thof Tishrei, 5615): Yom Kippur
1856(3rdof Tishrei, 5617): Tzom Gedaliah
1856: In the United Kingdom, Israel and Rebecca Marks gave birth to Isaac Marks.
1856: Birthdate of Hyman B. Isaacson, the native of “Kozlishon, on the outskirts of Kovno” and son-in-law of Russian cigar manufacturer Reuben Pupkin who came to the United States in 1890 and who in 1896 “started manufacturing boy’s was suits with his son Nachum” which was such a profitable venture that it enabled him to become a leader in the Jewish community as can be seen by his service as “treasurer of the Order of the Sons of Zion,” Chairman of the Board of Education of the Uptown Talmud Torah and the “vice president of the Hunts Point Talmud Torah.”
1856: The New York Times reported that “The Hebrew New Year’s Festival ended yesterday and the shops and stores of Jews re-opened today. The ‘Reformed Jews’ do not carefully observe the occasion.”
1858: A funeral notice wass published today inviting the members of the Hebrew Mutual Benefit Society to attend the funeral of Mrs. Raphall the wife of Rabbi Morris Raphall which will be held tomorrow at her residence.
1862: The Board of Alderman in NYC referred to the Committee on Sewers a petition on behalf of the Hebrew Benevolent Society to build a drain on 77th street between 4th and 5th Avenue.
1864: An article published today entitled "Prussia and Her Poles" which described the trial of several Polish gentlemen from the Grand Duchy of Posen who have been charged with treason betrayed a strange admission about Germany's treatment of her Jews over the centuries. Dr. Gueist, the defense attorney demanded of the court, "Where are the facts?" And if there are no facts, then are these men being prosecuted for their thoughts and sentiments -- a mode of proceeding which would carry us back to the trials of the Jews in the dark ages." How strange to hear a German lawyer admit that the Jews had in fact been convicted of crimes when they were guilty of nothing else but being Jewish.
1866(23rd of Tishrei, 5627): Simchat Torah
1867(3rd of Tishrei, 5628): Tzom Gedaliah
1869: Today, the New York Herald praised the building housing Temple Emanu-El as an “extraordinary creating of art…combining with a rare, and it might said, an unconscious harmony of six different orders of architecture – Saracenic, Byzantine, Moresque, Arabesque, Gothic and Norman – has at length reached after great expenditure of money, taste and skill, its culminating effect in the dazzling splendor of its interior decoration.”
1870: In Opava, Moravia, Charlotte and Samuel D. Klauber gave birth to Edmund Kaluber.
1870: As part of the climax to the Risorgimento or Rebirth, the name given to the unification of Italy, the Italian government annexed Rome and the Papal States. Rome was made the Italian capital. Jews were active in the fight for the reunification of Italy. Mazzini, Garibaldi and Cavour, the leaders of the movement believed in liberty for all Italians including their Jewish compatriots.
1870: “The oldest reform temple in Kansas City, MO, Congregation B’nai Jehuda was organized today by 25 Jewish pioneer residents who utilized acreage in Elmwood Cemetery for services until the first permanent sanctuary at 6th and Wyandotte was dedicated in 1875.”
1870: “A deputation, of which Samuel Alatri (the leader of the Jewish community in Rome) was a member, handed over to King Victor Emmanuel the result of the plebiscite by which the inhabitants of the Papal Territories declared in favor of annexation to the Kingdom of Italy.
1871: In Grand Rapids, Michigan, founding of Temple Emanuel which would employ Gustav N. Hausmann as its Rabbi.
1871: Birthdate of Cordell Hull. Among his other accomplishments, Hull was Secretary of State during World War II and winner of the 1945 Nobel Peace Prize. Hull was not Jewish, but his wife Frances was described as being “half-Jewish.” During the 1930’s when Hull entertained thoughts of following FDR to the White House, Hull’s opponents attacked him as a slave to Jewish interests. Other critics contended that he was not as aggressive as he might have been in opening the gates of the U.S. to Jewish refugees because he feared attacks that he was a pawn of Jewish interests; that these Jewish interests had gotten us into the war; and that these charges would impair FDR’s plans to win the war. Henry Morgenthau, who was Secretary of the Treasury at this time, was working to save the Jews of Europe. At a meeting in 1943, he became so exasperated with Hull’s lack of action that he told him that if this were Germany, Hull would not be in the Cabinet Room. Instead he would be in prison and who knew where his wife would be. Hull remained unmoved. The State Department, led by Breckinridge Long continued its policy of polite anti-Semitism and untold numbers of Jews perished who might have otherwise been saved.
1872(29th of Elul, 5632): Erev Rosh Hashanah
1872: In Amsterdam, Karel Abraham Wertheim and Henriette van Heukelom gave birth to Henri Hendrik Pieter Wertheim van Heukelom
1872: Birthdate of Jacques Abady, the son of a stockbroker from Aleppo, who began his career as a gas engineer before being called to the bar.
1872: “Rosh Hashono” published today reported that “this evening the Hebrews throughout the globe will commence the celebration of their New Year festival. With…the solitary exception of the Day of Atonement…the New Year is more strictly observed than any other of the periods set apart for religious observances in the Jewish calendar.”
1874(21st of Tishrei, 5635): Hoshanah Rabbah
1874: In Poland, Jacobi Bornstein, the son of Aron and Sara Bornstein and Thelka Bornstein gave birth to Rosa Wittenberg.
1875: It was reported today that the cattle sale was off at the end of this with only a few carloads of Texas Cattle having been sold. The reason for this drop off in business was the absence of the “Hebrew butchers” from the market due to the observance of “a high Jewish festival.”
1875(3rd of Tishrei, 5636): Shabbat Shuvah
1876: In “Egeln, Germany, Selig Blumenthal, the “son of Salomon and Lea Blumenthal” and his wife “Julianne Blumenthal gave birth to Willi Blumenthal
1877(25th of Tishrei, 5638): Forty year old Lyon Levy Emanuel, the native of Philadelphia and brother of Louis Manly Emanuel, who served with the Eighty-Second Regiment during the Civil War after which he pursued a business career in New York City, passed away today.
1879(15th of Tishrei, 5640): Sukkoth
1881: “Current Foreign Notes” published today includes a synopsis of a circular from Russia’s Minister of the Interior in which he says “The Government recognizes the detriment to the Christian population of the commercial activity, exclusiveness and religious fanaticism of the Jews, which are still predominate in spite of the 20 years’ efforts to blend the population.” He goes on to say that recent violence is because “of the monopolization of trade…by the Jews” and that “energetic measures must be taken to shield Christians from the effects of” the Jews’ “injurious activity.” (Anti-Semitism and the big lie existed decades before Goebbels)
1881: In Baltimore, MD, “Samuel and Eliza (Millhauser) Ullman gave birth to College of Physicians and Surgeons trained Dr. Alfred Ullman, he husband of Bertha Katz, the attending surgeon at Sinai Hospital and a member of the Baltimore Hebrew Congregation.
1881: “The Jews in Germany” published today, described “the extent and progress of the new anti-
Semitic movement” and the motives of the men behind it. They claim they are worried about “Jewish tyranny” and “Jewish domination” as if the land led by Bismarck and possession “the most powerful military machine” could be taken over by “a handful of ‘the outcast people.’”
1882(19th of Tishrei, 5643): Fifth Day of Sukkoth
1882(19th of Tishrei, 5643): French philanthropist Charles Netter passed away at Jaffa.Born at Strasburg in 1828, he” studied at Strasburg and Belfort, and then engaged in business in Paris. He was one of the founders of the Alliance Israélite Universelle, and for a long time his house was its only home. The work with which his name is most closely connected is the foundation of the agricultural school at Jaffa; and he devoted several years of his life to promoting agriculture among the Jews of Palestine. It was Netter who, at the end of 1876, submitted to the conference at Constantinople the memorandum in favor of the Jews of the East, prepared by the meeting convened about that time by the Alliance Israélite at Paris. In 1878 he went to Berlin, with some other members of the central committee, to lay before the congress the memoir of the Alliance in favor of the same Jews and to support their claims, which had been formally recognized by the Treaty of Berlin. With two other members of the committee he went to Madrid in 1880 to maintain before a European conference the right of the Jews of Morocco to protection.In 1881, when the disturbances in Russia drove thousands of unfortunate Jews from Brody and the Alliance was desirous of sending them assistance, Netter volunteered to discharge the difficult mission. He was the first to arrive there, and lived for weeks among the unhappy refugees, arranging a plan of emigration to America. On his return to Paris he was appointed secretary of the special committee established in that city for the Russian work. From morning till night his house was besieged by the Russian refugees, who found in him an untiring protector. When death overtook him he was visiting the agricultural school at Jaffa. A monument has been erected over his grave by the Alliance Israélite Universelle (As reported by Isidor Singer and Jaques Kahn
1883(1st of Tishrei, 5644): Rosh Hashanah
1883: In New York “the synagogues…were crowded during the day and evening and in many cases services were held in improvised houses of worship for the overflow from the congregations.”
1883: Rosh Hashanah “was observed by nearly all” of the Jewish “members of the New York Stock Exchange” and the market performed with “depressing dullness” due to their absence.
1883: Rabbi Isaac Noot will deliver the Rosh Hashanah sermon at B’Nai Israel in New York City.
1883: Dr. Kaufman Koehler will deliver the Rosh Hashanah sermon, in German, at Temple Beth-El in New York City.
1885(23rd of Tishrei, 5646): Simchat Torah
1885: “In Memory of Montefiore” published today included the views or Rabbi Kaufmann Kohler who felt that it ‘was quite unnecessary” to erect a memorial to the great philanthropist and that it would be more appropriate to donate the money that would be used for such an effort to Montefiore Home for Aged Hebrews in New York. Kohler believed that the works of Moses Montefiore, like those of his biblical namesake, spoke for themselves and were his true memorial. (Ask your friends and your children who Sir Moses Montefiore was and see if Kohler was right)
1886: Having left her home in secret, Clara Prager, the eldest daughter of Jewish businessman Julius Praeger sent a telegram to her family that she had married Horace J. Young, whom she would later have arrested on charges of abandonment after he allegedly deserted her when she became pregnant.
1886: In Paris, Albert and Camille Lazard gave birth to Pauline Lazard who became Pauline Hirschfeld when she married Raymond Hirscfeld.
1887: The “New Books” column published today contains a detailed review of Job and Solomon: The Wisdom of the Old Testament by T. K. Cheyne who has already produced the two volume work The Prophecies of Isaiah and is working on volumes covering the Song of Songs, the Lamentations of Jeremiah and the Psalms of David. (Cheyne was an English Protestant minister who became a Bahia)
1890: In New York City, the former Miene “Minnie” Schoenberg and Simon “Sam” Marx gave birth to Julius Marx, who gained fame as comedian Groucho Marx, the most famous of the Marx Brothers, who enjoyed success in vaudeville, movies, radio and television. For millions of baby boomers, their first encounter with the famous Marx leer, cigar and wit including rapid fire double entendre came from watching his television show, “You Bet Your Life.”
1890: “A Sanitarium Burned’ published today described the financial impact of the fire at Hebrew Sanitarium where there is $5,000 in insurance to cover the losses valued at $11,000.
1891(29th of Elul, 5651): Erev Rosh Hashanah
1891(29th of Elul, 5651): Charles Bruckner the first husband of Jennie Wallenstein passed away today following which he was buried in Beth El Cemetery in Ridgewood, Queen County, NY.
1891: “Seligman Honored” published provided a list of those responsible for the banquet given last night in honor of Jesse Seligman which included a veritable “who’s who of New York Jewry” among whom were Jacob H. Schiff, Lewis May, Emanuel Lehman, Myer L Isaacs, Oscar S. Straus, Hyman Blum, Henry Rice, Charles L. Bernheim and James. H. Hoffman.
1891: After taking a child staying at the Hebrew Orphan Asylum suffering from diphtheria to the Willard Parker Hospital yesterday, Dr. Cyrus Edson “that there need be no apprehension for the other inmates.”
1892: Sixty nine year old French scholar, author and expert on ancient Middle East languages, Joseph Ernest Renan, passed away today. Nine years before his death he began work on the five volume work History of Israel the first volume of which published in 1887 and the final volume of which was published after his death.In “his 1883 essay ‘Le Judaïsme comme race et religion’ he disputed the concept that Jewish people constitute a unified racial entity in a biological sense, which made his views unpalatable within racialized Antisemitism. Renan was also known for being a strong critic of German ethnic nationalism, with its anti-Semitic undertones.”
1892: Sixty-nine year old French historian and philologist Joseph Ernest Renan who is credited as being among the first scholars to advance the Khazar theory, which held that Ashkenazi Jews were descendants of the Khazars, Turkic peoples who had adopted Jewish religion and migrated to Western Europe following the collapse of their khanat” passed away today.
1892: The fire in New Jersey that threatens the agricultural colony established by the Jewish immigrants near May’s Landing continues to burn for a second day.
1893: “Hard Words for Samuel Gompers, et al” published today quoted Abraham Cahan criticizing “many of the present leaders of the working men” such as “Samuel Gompers, Joseph Barondess and Henry Weismann” as simple “intriguers” who “purposely keep the workingmen in ignorance of what is good for them.” (Editor’s Note – this is a case of Jew versus Jews)
1894(2nd of Tishrei, 5655): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah
1894: On the same day that Connecticut is holding “town elections” “politicians of both parties are looking at a circular claiming that when David Callahan, a candidate for State Senator from the New Haven District, was serving as Judge of the Police Courts he dismissed a case brought by an Israelite against an Irishman because “the Judge was influenced by race prejudices” or as the pamphlet said, “It is therefore to be understood that a descendant of the House of Israel can be persecuted with impunity, unless the poor Jew can explain to the satisfaction of an Irish Catholic Judge the reason why an Irish Catholic hoodlum, backed by his crowd, should assault a poor inoffensive Israelite.”
1894: “In the Real Estate Field” published today attributed yesterday’s lack of sales at auction and general lack of real estate transactions in New York to the fact that it “was a Hebrew holiday.” (Rosh Hashanah)
1898: An informal meeting of the members of the Hebrew Infant Asylum of the City of New York which is preparing to dedicate a new home at 161stStreet and Eagle Avenue is scheduled to take place today.
1896: “Accused of Stealing a Horse” published today provided a description of charges that Samuel Burnstein, a Jewish dry goods peddler has brought the sons of Cortland D. Morse and Robert C. Livingston for stealing and abusing his horse.
1897(6th of Tishrei, 5658): Parsahat Vayeilech; Shabbat Shuva
1897(6th of Tishrei, 5658): In Richmond, VA, Lewis Gitner, who will included bequests to Jewish and Christian institutions passed away today.
1898: Rabbi Gustav Gottheil of Temple Emanu-El in Manhattan conducted the services today during which Leon M. Nelson was installed as the rabbi at Temple Israel in Brooklyn, NY.
1898: The public got its first look at “the new home of the Hebrew Infant Asylum of the City of New York” which is located at the old De Graff mansion at 161st Street and Eagle Avenue.
1898: In Detroit, Michigan, “a large gathering of citizens who are friends of Rabbi Louis Grossman was held this afternoon to testify to the high character and progressive citizenship of the rabbi who has been called by Congregation B’nai Yeshurun in Cincinnati where he will be associated with Rabbi Isaac M. Wise.”
1898: In Chicago, Illinois, during the Spanish-American War, members of Anshe Knesset Israel gathered to pray for victory for the forces under the command of Admiral Dewey.
1900(9th of Tishrei, 5661): Erev Yom Kippur
1900(9th of Tishrei, 5661): Forty-seven year old German sculptor Hugo Rheinhold creator of Ape With Skull passed away today.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Rheinhold#mediaviewer/File:Affe_mit_Sch%C3%A4del.jpg
1900: Birthdate of Arturo Rosenblueth Stearns “a Mexican researcher, physician and physiologist, who is known as one of the pioneers of cybernetics.”
1900: Birthdate of Nicolai Poliakoff, the native of Dvinsk who gained fame as Coco the Clown.
http://www.circopedia.org/Coco
http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/latest-news/clowns-pay-tribute-on-40th-anniversary-of-death-of-coco-1-6340424
1902(1st of Tishrei, 5663): Rosh Hashanah
1901: Fifteen year old Maurice Gusman, the Russian born son of Jacob and Brucha Gusman and husband of Hanna C. Epstein who became a banker in Cleveland, OH arrived today in the United States.
1902: The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter the children’s author and “social reformer” who “was also passionate about expressing the dangers of incorporating Jews in British society” as can be seen from her statement that “the strongest impelling motive of the Jewish race is love of profit from any other form of money earning” was published today. (As reported by Ilana K. Levinksky)
1903: Dorothy Levitt won her class (cars costing between £400 and £550) at the Southport Speed Trials driving S.F.Edge's 12 (or 16) hp Gladiator.
1904(23rd of Tishrei, 5665): Simchat Torah
1906(13th of Tishrei, 5667): After having led the court of Sadigur for 24 years, Reb Yisrael, the youngest son of Reb Yitzchak, passed away.
1906: Birthdate of David Jacob Cohen, the Brooklyn native and University of Michigan trained lawyer.
1908 (7th of Tishrei, 5669): In Houston Texas Adath Yshurun Friday night services began at 7 p.m. with a sermon entitled “Ourselves.”
1909: The University of Tennessee coached by George Leven, tied Centre in a home football game in Knoxville, TN.
1910: In New York, Maurice Wertheim and his first wife Alma Morgenthau gave birth to Josephine Wetheim
1910(28thof Elul, 5670): Max Hamburger the long-time owner and editor of the Mobile Herald and a an Alabama State Senator “ was found dead in a room at the Cawthon Hotel about 2 o’clock this afternoon” having, according to the county corner, died several hours earlier from “apoplexy brought on by exposure.”
1911(10thof Tishrei, 5672): Yom Kippur
1911: In London, the East End Guardians passed a resolution saying that “no child of the Christian faith is to be sent to service with persons of the Jewish Religion.”
1912(21stof Tishrei, 5673): Hoshana Raba
1912: The Council of Jewish Women meeting today at the Selling-Hersh Building heard an address today by its President, Mrs. Rose Selling who “pleaded for more cooperative work by the members” followed by the reading of a paper by Mrs. Isaac Swett which covered “the work done by the Jewish race in this past year.”
1912: Jacob Feuerwerker and Regina Neufeld gave birth to David Feuerwerker, the Swiss born Canadian Rabbi and Historian. He was the husband of Antoinette Feuerwerker, a French jurist and member of the resistance during World War II.
1913(1stof Tishrei, 5674): Final observance of Rosh Hashanah before the madness of World War I and all the evil that has followed in its wake over the last one hundred years.
1913: Birthdate of Chaim Yosef Zadok, the native of Galicia who made Aliyah in 1935. He pursued a career in government and jurisprudence that included service in the Knesset and government ministries including Religious Affairs and Justice.
1913: In New Haven, CT, the first annual convention of the Jewish Socialist Federation of America whose five thousand members included Jacob B. Salutsky came to an end today.
1913(1stof Tishrei, 5674): Elias Jankel Hellerman passed away today after which he was buried in the Liepaja Jewish Cemetery.
1914: “Refugees Crowd Vienna” published today described the flow of Jewish fugitives from Galicia which is overwhelming the resources of the Austrian capital and has been diverted to “various places in Moravia, Upper Austria and Salzburg.”
1914: Sixty-two year old Rabbi Daniel Lowenthal a native of Horfstenin who came to the United States in 1874 where he served as the Rabbi for B’nai Salem and then Etz Chaim passed away today.
1915: “Louis Biel, who was Vice President of the United Cigar Stores Company, left personal property amounting to at least $800,000 and real estate worth at least $20,000 according to the statement of his widow, Mrs. Rose B. Biel, in her application for letters of administration on the estate filed’ today.
1916: The American Jewish Relief Committee, the Central Relief Committee and the People’s Relief Committee have raised a total of six million dollars as of today.
1916: in St. Louis, neurosurgeon Ernest Sachs and “playwright and poet Mary Sachs” gave birth to Harvard trained neurosurgeon Ernest Sachs, Jr. the Bronze Star winning WW II veteran who landed at Normandy, survived the Battle of the Bulge and helped liberate Buchenwald and who “started his career as an Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery and Neurology at Tulane Unviersity.
1917(16thof Tishrei, 5678): Second Day of Sukkoth
1917: Just twelve days before his 21st birthday, William Shemin, who would win the Medal of Honor, enlisted in the U.S. Army.
1917:British Intelligence learned of a meeting in Berlin at which plans were made by the Germans and Turks to offer the Jews of Europe a German-sponsored Jewish National Home in Palestine. (This stimulated the British to finalize what became known as the Balfour Declaration.)
1918: The 165th Regiment, including the recently promoted Sergeant Abraham Blaustein traveled by camion (truck) head for Mondrecourt.
1918:General Allenby leaves his headquarters at Tiberias and drives to Damascus to install the Emir Feisal as head of the local government. Only later would the Arab leader learn that Syria was to be under French control and that his dreams of ruling the Arabs from this ancient city were merely that – dreams. It was the mischief making by the British and French that destabilized the entire region, not the promise of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
1919: US President Woodrow Wilson suffers a massive stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed. Wilson suffered the stroke during a cross country speaking tour that was intended generate support for the ratification of the Versailles Treaty which included the creation of the League of Nations. With Wilson out of the picture, the forces favoring ratification lost their champion. The United States rejected the treaty and chose note to join the League. There is a large body of opinion that the America’s failure to join the League doomed the organization even before it had its first meeting and this was one of the causes of World War II, the greatest catastrophe in Jewish history since the destruction of the Second Temple.
1920(20thof Tishrei, 5681): Shabbat and Chol Hamoed Sukkoth
1920: Mr. and Mrs. Herman Johl are scheduled to host a reception “to celebrate the engagement of their daughter Sadie Johl to Mr. F.S. Stern.
1921(29thof Elul, 5681): Erev Rosh Hashanah
1921: The newest Jewish house of worship in Camden, NJ, Beth-El Synagogue, “was formally opened” tonight with services marking the start of Rosh Hashanah led by Rabbi Solomon Grayzel.
1921: “Our nation was conceived in simplicity and frugality, and nurtured in godliness and righteousness, and by those alone can it be preserved." Rabbi Joseph Krauskopf, first head of “the National Farm School.”
1922(10thof Tishrei, 5683): Yom Kippur
1922: It was reported today that Samuel S. Koenig, Chairman of the New York County Republican Committee opposed an attempt by some of his fellow party members to propose a slate of Republican nominees to serve as Justices on the State Supreme Court. He claimed that it was party policy to endorse justices who had served well in the position regardless of their party affiliation. Koenig’s view carried the day. Koenig was a Hungarian-born Jew who rose to a position of power in the New York State Republican Party.
1922(10thof Tishrei, 5683): Fifty eight year old Fanny Printz, the Austrian born daughter of Abraham and Rosa Printz passed away today after which she was buried in the Rodef Sholom section of the Tod Homestead Cemetery in Youngstown, OH.
1922: It was reported today that Justice Irving Lehman, a Democrat, who has successfully served one full term on the bench is one of three judicial candidates endorsed by the Republican Party. The Republicans base their endorsement for these positions on merit rather than party affiliation.
1923(22nd of Tishrei, 5684):Shmini Atzeret
1923(22nd of Tishrei, 5684):This morning, while he was on his way to his beloved "bondage," as he used to call his work, Abraham Solomon Freidus collapsed and died almost immediately at the foot of the Library stairs. He was the “custodian of the Jewish Room at the New York Public Library.”
1925(14thof Tishrei, 5686): Erev Sukkoth
1925: Infielder Buddy Myer who would see action in the World Series, appeared in his fourth and final regular season game for the Washington Senators/
1925(14thof Tishrei, 5686): Nine-three Berhnhardine Wetzlar Warburg, the widow of Jonas R. Warburg, passed away today.
1926: In New York today, “Joseph M. Levy, manager for Clark’s Tours in Palestine and Syria” who has just arrived from Jerusalem, reported that there was “keen interest” revolving around the first municipal to be held “under the British mandate.” According to his figures Jerusalem had a population of 60,000, 37,000 of whom were Jewish. He also described progress being made on railroad being built between Jaffa and Haifa, with a junction at Tel Aviv that will connect the line with Jerusalem.
1927: The New York Times describes the vibrant music scene among the Jewish community in Palestine which includes jazz bands playing at a dance hall near Jerusalem’s Jaffa Gate and a group of musicians in Tel Aviv who have established a company that performs grand opera in which is described as “a most acceptable manner.”
1930(10thof Tishrei, 5691): As economic conditions continued to worsen after one of the what will become known as the Great Depression, the Yom Kippur supplications uttered today take an extra poignancy.
1931: Birthdate of Barbara K. Adasm, the wife of Dr. Jerome J. Abrahams, the member of the Indianapolis Hebrew Congregation who was also a member of Hadassah and the National Council of Jewish Women.
1932(2ndof Tishrei, 5693): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah
1932: Universal Studios releases the screen version of the Moss Hart and George S. Kaufman play, “Once in a Lifetime.”
1933(12thof Tishrei, 5694): Thirty six year old Ray Block who is interred at Ahavas Shalom Congregation Cemetery, passed away today.
1934(23rdof Tishrei, 5695): Simchat Torah
1934: In Philadelphia, “salesman Edward Isaac Zall” and “bookkeeper Esther (Perlestein) Zall gave birth to Deborah Miriam Zall the ‘dancer and choreographer who studied with Martha Graham.” (As reported by Marina Harss)
1935: Today, Hyman Barnett “Harry” Mizzzler, the East End born Jewish boxer “fought one of his most exciting bouts, a dramatic come from behind knock out in the eighth round against Gustave Hummery of France.”
1936: It was announced today that Leo Perper who has been with R.H. Macy & Co. for the last 25 years has been named to become the new president of the Roger Kent Stores.
1936: In Los Angeles, “Louis Siegel, a banker and the former Mildred Kaufman” gave birth to Stanley Milton Siegel the host of the live talk-show “The Stanley Siegel Show” (As reported by Sam Roberts)
1938: Pitcher Sam Nahem made his major league debut with the Brooklyn Dodgers.
1938: Publisher Oscar “Dystel married Marion Deitler with whom he had two children John and Jane.
1938(7th of Tishrei, 5699): “Twenty one Jews including three women and ten children, ranging in age from 1 to 12 years were killed and three others were wounded” tonight “on the shores of Lake Galilee in the old Jewish quarter of Tiberias in a massacre by stabbing shooting and burning perpetrated by Arabs.” The Arab violence was described as the worst since 1929 when “Arabs fell on Jewish men, most of whom were rabbinical students as well woman and children in the ancient towns of Hebron and Safed.” Among those killed by the Arab attackers were Jacob Zaltz, the beadle of the central synagogue; Menachem Kabin, “an elderly American Jew” who had recently moved to Palestine and his sister who was stabbed and then burned to death; Joshua Ben Ariah, his wife and two sons, one of whom was an infant; the three children of Shlomo Leimer, “aged 8,10 and 12” who “were stabbed and burned to death; Shimon Mizrahi, his wife and five children ranging in ages from 1 to 12 years; Jacob Gross and two as yet to be identified Jewish constables.
1939: “New Yiddish Comedy” published today contained a review of “Chever Nachman,” I.J. Singer’s dramatization of his own novel East of Eden directed by Jacob Ben-Ami playing at the National Theatre on Houston Street as well as “In a Jewish Grocery” by Nuchim Stutchkoff playing at the Second Avenue Theatre.
1939: The text of a telegram which Edward Bernays sent to the secretary of the Executive Committee of the World’s Fair explaining his reasons for withdrawing as the non-salaried counsel on public relations for the fair was published today.
1939: “Dr. Bernhard Weiss formerly vice president of the Berlin police” and who fled when Chancellor Hitler came to power because he was Jew “deprived of his nationality and property by the Nazis” and who has been earning his living by running a small printing business in London “has been interned by a Special Branch of Scotland Yard because he is classified as “German national.”
1939: It was reported today that a recently published editorial in the “atheist organ, Bezbozhnik” that in Poland “rabbis (were) acting as police agents.”
1939: The funeral procession for Frank Margolis, the husband of the President of the Ladies Auxiliary of the East Side Hebrew Institute is scheduled to pass by that institution at 10:30 this morning.
1939: Congressman John Dingell of Michigan addressed the first meeting of the American Jewish Congress since the outbreak of WW II which was being held at the Edison Hotel in New York. The 1,561 delegates representing 420 different organizations heard his denunciation of the Nazis followed by an impassioned speech from Dr. Stephen S. Wise, president of the American Jewish Congress.
1939: WEVD broadcast “Jewish Melodies at 2pm today.
1939: Cardinal George William Mundelein, the Archbishop of Chicago, who was an early critic of the Nazis, passed away.
1939: “Effective today, Jewish men in Slovakia are conscripted for labor service.”
1939: Academy award winning composer Bernard Herrmann, the son of Russian Jewish immigrants married Lucille Fletcher today.
1940(29thElul, 5700): Erev Rosh Hashanah
1940: In New York, “the kosher kill was very light today” because “the Jewish new year holidays begin at sundown” today.
1940: In New York, the supplies of “kosher steer chucks and places” “were very light with only two large packers slaughtering” beef.
1940: Comedian Eddie Cantor and singer Dinah Shore are scheduled to perform on WEAF from 9 until 9:30 this evening.
1940: The Benny Goodman Orchestra is scheduled to perform on WABC between nine and ten this evening.
1940: “Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver, chairman of the United Palestine Appeal, urged the Jews of America to give greater support to the ‘embattled Palestine Jewry.’”
1940: Dr. Israel Weinstein is scheduled to deliver a talk on WYNC.
1840: In his New Year’s message, “William Weiss, president of the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America called for continued optimism and faith in the midst of a world crisis and for prayers for the preservation of American democracy.”
1940: In His New Year’s message, “Dr. Israel Goldstein, president of the Jewish National Fund termed the Jewish national home in Palestine an outpost of democracy and stressed the importance of its wartime program.”
1940: “Edwin F. Jaeckle, chairman of the Republican State Committee” in New York, “said in a holiday greeting that “The period represents merely another tragic interlude in the onward march of a people whose will to live and prosper has never been successfully halted by passing tyrants or dictators since the dawn of civilization.
1940: With the presidential election just weeks away, “in a New Year’s Message to Paul Felix Warburg, vice president of the National Jewish Hospital at Denver,” “Wendell Wilkie joined with President Roosevelt in praising the hospital as ‘an effective symbol of the truly American ideals.’”
1940: “Abraham Herman, president of the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society announced appeals would be made in Synagogues throughout the country for the society’s “Rescue Through Emigration Campaign” which has a goal of raising one million dollars.
1940: This evening WMCA is scheduled to broadcast Rosh Hashanah Services from Mt. Neboh Temple led by Rabbi Samuel Segal.
1940: “The New York and Brooklyn Federations of Jewish Charities prepared for special services this evening in each of its 116 welfare agencies including two series for the deaf.”
1940: “Junior Hadassah, the Young Women’s Zionist Organization of America voted” today “to contribute $5,500 for the care of underprivileged children in Palestine and cabled the first installment of $1,500 as a Rosh Hashanah offering.”
1940: At Temple Emanu-El Rabbi Samuel H. Goldenson delivered a sermon on what constitutes a spiritual blessing” saying that “we are living at a time when groups of men under powerful leadership are trying to achieve the blessings of life without regard for the sorrows that their ambitions and their achievements are bringing to masses of men all over the world.”
1940: “Congregation Habonim, made up of 400 refugees from Germany affiliated with Central Synagogue will observe its first anniversary at Town Hall.”
1940: At the Free Synagogue meeting at Carnegie Hall, Rabbi Stephen S. Wise delivered a sermon in which he said “Not once to every man and nation but a thousand times has come the choice to Israel between self-destructive disloyalty and self-maintaining loyalty, despite everything and everything. The glory of England in this hour, unbroken and even unstooping, has been the glory of the Jewish people for not less than a thousand years.”
1940: At Temple Rodeph Sholom, Rabbi Louis I. Newman told worshippers “The New Year despite its vast tribulations, should bring fresh courage and fresh hope not only to the household of Israel but to all mankind.”
1940: At Mount Zion Congregation, Rabbi B.A. Tintner addressed that issue of first time peace military draft in U.S. history saying that “Fathers and mothers in America should now be assured that the conscription policy will build up a mechanism of defense that will not plunge into war but hopefully keep war from our midst.”
1940: At the West Side Institutional Synagogue Rabbi Herbert S. Goldstein said: “Let us pray that the New Year will bring new hope, new vision and a new and true interpretation of the universal Fatherhood of God and of the common brotherhood of man.
1940: At Temple Israel, Rabbi William F. Rosenblum took note of “Nazi threat to liberalism and tolerane” saying “Men are not yet awake to the real danger of losing with a decade what it took a century to gain.
1940: “The Republican National Committee made public today a message from Wendell L. Willkie addressed to Jewish citizens on the occasion of Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year” in which he knew that “on this day in every land the Jewish people are gathering in their synagogues praying for peace and for the ultimate victory of right and justice” and asked “for the privilege of joining in your prayers and of pledging to you today that in so far as it is with my capacity to keep so sacred a pledge the United States will never harbor racial or religious intolerance and persecution.
1940: In compliance with War Department circular No. 5 all soldiers of the Jewish faith will be granted furloughs” starting at noon today until revile on October 5 (which ironically is Shabbat) “so they may observe the Jewish New Year.
1941:”One Foot in Heaven” a nominee for the Best Picture Oscar produced and directed by Irving Rapper and with music by Max Steiner was released in the United States today.
1941:SS Chief Helmut Knochen ordered the systematic destruction of synagogues in Paris (As reported by Aish.com)
1941: Six Parisian synagogues were bombed. At this time, Paris was occupied by the Nazis. As we have seen in our own time, bombing synagogues takes place in Paris regardless of who is in power.
1941(11th of Tishrei, 5702): In Zhager, a small town on the Lithuanian-Latvian border, over 3000 Jewish men, women and children were massacred by members of the Lithuanian militia. They lie in a mass grave in Naryshkin Park, the heart of the shetl.
1941(11th of Tishrei, 5702): A Nazi raid on the Jewish ghetto at Vilna, Lithuania, leaves 3000 dead at nearby Ponary. One victim, Serna Morgenstern, is shot in the back by an SS officer after he complimented her beauty and told her she was free to go.
1942(21st of Tishrei, 5703): Hoshana Rabah
1942(21st of Tishrei, 5703): At the Treblinka death camp, Jews from Zelechów, Poland, are murdered.
1942: In Moorestown, NJ, Edwin Milton "Ed" Sabol and his wife gave birth to Stephen Douglas "Steve" Sabol who, along with his father, was one of the founders of “NFL Films” which changed the way football fans experience the professional game.
1943: In Holland, the families of Jewish men drafted for forced labor are sent to the concentration camp in Westerbork, Holland.
1943: Eight year old Steen Metz and his parents were arrested today in Odense, Denmark and shipped to Thereseinstadt.
1943: The first Jewish paratroopers from Palestine landed in the Balkans. Many of them had been chosen because they were born in the region and spoke the languages of the land like natives. These Jews agreed to help organize non-Jewish underground units on behalf of the British war effort. The British agreed to let them aid other Jews once they had completed their primary mission. The British also made it clear that they would not offer support for this secondary party of the mission.
1943(3rd of Tishrei, 5704): Shabbat Shuvah; given the events that took place on this date in Denmark –see item below – the day lives up to its name of The Sabbath of Return.
1943: The Danish people rescue about 7000 Jews, only 500 of whom are captured by the Germans. The 500 seized by the Germans are sent to the Theresienstadt, Czechoslovakia, camp/ghetto; all but 77 will survive the war. The Danish government will persistently check on the health and welfare of the Jews who were sent to Theresienstadt, enabling almost all of them to survive to war's end.
1943:“The Swedish government announced in an official statement that Sweden was prepared to accept all Danish Jews in Sweden.”
1943: “Some arrested Danish communists witnessed the deportation of about 200 Jews from Langelinie via the ship Wartheland. Of these, a young married couple were able to convince the Germans that they were not Jewish, and set free. The remainder included mothers with infants, the sick and elderly, chief rabbi Max Friediger, and the other Jewish hostages mentioned above, who had been placed in the Danish internment camp, Horserød, on August 28–29. They were driven below deck without their luggage while being screamed at, kicked and beaten. The Germans then took anything of value from the luggage.
1944 (15th of Tishrei, 5705): Sukkoth
1944: On the first day of Sukkoth Jews in Palestine attempt to celebrate the Chag while dealing with a British curfew.
1944: Today, “Monuments Man” Major Ronald Edmond Balfour, the lecturer at King’s College, Cambridge who had been serving with the British Army since 1940 and who had reduced to hitch-hiking for the past five weeks in his quest to save such pieces of art as Michelangelo’s Bruges Madonna, got a truck which served him until the middle of the month when “it died” due to repeated mechanical problems.
1944: The original Broadway production of “Angel Street,” directed by Shepard Traube, transferred from the John Golden Theatre to the Bijou Theatre.
1945: “Several thousand troops of the British Sixth Airborne Division disembarked at Haifa” today. For all intents and purposes, this elite military unit had been sent to Palestine to put an end to “illegal Jewish immigration.”
1946: Seventy-eight year old Ignacy Mościcki who in 1935 as President of Poland and despite the growing anti-Semitism in the country appointed Biblical scholar, historian and Jewish community leader Moses Schorr to serve in the Senate passed away today.
1946: “Hundreds of heavily armed British soldiers and police raided as fashionable Tel Aviv café today and seized fifty Jews, thirty of whom were immediately sent to the Rafa detention camp on the Egyptian frontier.” The raid at the Ginati Café was aimed at capture leaders of the Irgun.
1947: Cleveland Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver and a leading spokesman for the Zionist cause appeared before the United Nations during hearings on the proposed partition of Palestine. Silver spoke in a favor the partition, which was the two state solution that was rejected by the Arabs.
1947: Birthdate of Sergio Kerbis
1948: In Queens, Gabby Faske, “a tailor and haberdasher” and his wife Helen, nicknamed “Quennie: who had been a designer and model, gave birth to Donna Ivy Faske, the graduate of the Parsons School Design known to one and all as American fashion designer, Donna Karan.
1948:Birthdate of Jack Leon Terpins, a native of Sao Paulo, Brazil, who serves as President of the Latin American Jewish Congress.
1949(9th of Tishrei, 5710): Erev Yom Kippur
1949: In Waterbury, CT, Marilyn Edith, née Heit and Air Force Lt. Col. Samuel Leibovitz gave birth to Anna-Lou Leibovitz, who gained famed as photographer Annie Leibovitz. Leibovitz was chief photographer for Rolling Stones Magazines for ten years. She later moved on to Vanity Fair Magazine. She was named Photographer of the Year in 1984 by the American Society of Magazine Photographers.
1950(21st of Tishrei, 5711): Hoshana Raba is observed for the first time during the Korean War.
1950(21st of Tishrei, 5711): Moses Feinberg, the husband of Elizabeth Rosenthal Feinberg, passed away today after which he was buried in the Montefiore Cemetery in “Springfield Gardens, NY.”
1952:The Jerusalem Postreported that Israel had purchased 27 Mustang fighters from the Swedish Air Force. The propeller driven fighters, known as the P-51 during WW II, were obsolete in a world of Jet Age aircraft. But for the fledgling Israeli Air Force, they would have to do as they confronted their better armed and equipped Arab neighbors.
1952: The Jerusalem Post reported that the overwhelming majority of the 34,000 immigrants who arrived in Israel from October 1951 to the end of September 1952 were members of Oriental communities. There were 9,800 immigrants from Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria, 3,800 from Libya, 1,350 from Egypt, 5,800 from Iran, 1,000 from Iraq, 650 from Turkey, 6,800 from Romania, 650 from Bulgaria, 160 from Poland, 170 from the US and the rest from other countries. This rapidly growing Sephardic population would eventually change the demographics of the new state. The early settlers had been primarily of Russian, Polish and later German origins. In other words the Ashkenazim, or those whose roots were found among the Ashkenazim, dominated the Yishuv and the state of Israel in its early decades. Many Sephardim felt that they were treated like second-class citizens. Interestingly enough, it would be Likud under the leadership of Menachem Begin that would give voice to these feelings. And it would the votes of these Oriental Jews that would bring Begin to power in 1977.
1953(23rdof Tishrei, 5714): Simchat Torah is observed for the first after the guns have gone silent in Korea.
1954: Birthdate of Eran Riklis, the veteran of the Yom Kippur War and husband of Dina Riklis who went on to make such films as Cup Final, The Syrian Bride, Lemon Tree and Dancing Arabs.
1955: The Brooklyn Dodgers took a three to two lead over the Yanks when they won the fifth game of the World Series.
1955: Coach Sid Gillman’s Los Angeles Rams defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers today.
1957: “The Bridge on the River Kwai” the WW II epic produced by Sam Spiegel with a screenplay co-authored by Carl Foreman was released in the United Kingdom today.
1957: “Who’s Sorry Now?” a popular song with lyrics by Bert Kalmar and Harry Ruby published in 1923 and which “was featured in the Marx Brothers film A Night in Casablanca” was recorded today by pop star Connie Francis who is the only one of those mentioned who is not Jewish.
1958: CBS’s Playhouse 90 broadcast the original production of “Days of Wine and Roses” a chilling look at alcoholics starring Piper Laurie, born Rosetta Jacobs, the daughter of eastern European Jewish immigrants.
1959: The anthology series The Twilight Zone premieres on CBS television. The show was created by Rod Serling who was raised as a Reform Jew.“At high school, where he edited the newspaper, Serling experienced anti-Jewish discrimination when he was blackballed from the Theta Sigma fraternity. In an interview in 1972 he said of this incident, "it was the first time in my life that I became aware of religious difference." Serling did not consider himself to be a practicing Jew and he and his future wife Carol Kramer became Unitarians.
1961(22ndof Tishrei, 5722): Shmini Arzeret
1961: In London Clive Milton, “one of the Jewish children rescued by the Kindertansport mission and brought to Britain in 1939” and Ruth Milton gave birth to Cambridge educated Conservative politician Sir Simon Henry Milton, “London’s Deputy Mayor for Policy and Planning.”
1965: Birthdate of David Nehaisi, the native of Holon who traces his lineage back to “Jews expelled from Spain” in 1491 and who gained fame as singer, composer and songwriter David D’Or
1965: Eight-six year old Julius W. “Nicky” Arnstein who, thanks the musical “Funny Girl” is best known as the husband of Fanny Brice, passed away today.
1967(27thof Elul, 5727): Seventy-six year old dancer and choreographer Albertina Rasch who was the wife of Dimitri Tiomkin passed away today.
1967: In Minneapolis, Paula Goldberg, “co-founder and executive director of the Pacer Center and Mel Goldberg the associate dean and professor at the William Mitchell College of Law gave birth to David Bruce "Dave" Goldberg the CEO of SurveyMonkey and the husband of Facebook executive of Facebook.
1968(10thof Tishrei, 5729): Yom Kippur
1968: Birthdate of actor Joey Slotnick.
1968: U.S. Premiere of “Coogan’s Bluff” directed and produced by Don Siegel, co-starring Lee J. Cobb with music by Lalo Schifrin.
1969: Robert Louis Rogers completed his service as Canada’s ambassador to Israel.
1969: Eighty-five year old William F. Bleakly the Republican who lost to Governor Lehman in 1936 and who “described David Dubinsky as a renegade Socialist who sent money to the Reds in Spain” when in fact he was sending funds raised by the International Ladies Garment Works to the Red Cross in Spain, passed away today.
1973: Birthdate of relief pitcher Scott Schoeweiss who played for the 2002 World Champion Anaheim Angels.
1972"From Israel with Love" opens at Palace Theater New York City for 8 performances
1973: Senior military officials ignore the warnings of Lieutenant Binyamin Siman-Tov that Egyptians are in fact preparing to launch a military action that will take them across the Suez Canal.
1974: “The Taking of Pelham One Two Three” produced by Edgar J. Scherick, co-starring Walter Matthau and Martin Balsom with music by David Shire was released today in the United States.
1974: “The Gambler” a dramatic film directed by Karel Reisz, produced by Irwin Winkler and Robert Chartoff, written by James Toback, starring James Caan and with music by Jerry Fielding was released in the United States today.
1974: “Monument of Jewish sculptor Ernst Neizvestny was installed on the grave of Nikita Khrushchev.”
1975; “Dr. Mikhail Stern’s son Viktor arrived in London to launch a world-wide campaign for the release of his father from a Soviet prison camp.”
1975: In Moscow, Premier Kosygin told Sargent Shriver that “the very idea of creating a Jewish state originated in Russia and that the USSR was prepared to guarantee Israel’s integrity providing she withdraws to the 1967 border and conforms to all UN resolutions. (Editor’s Note – In the second decade of the 21stcentury we are still hearing about those “1967 borders” which in fact were nothing more than armistice lines from 1949)
1977: Three people were injured in Jerusalem when a bomb went off in a bus station.
1977:The Jerusalem Postreported that the US and the Soviet Union, in a formal communiqué issued simultaneously in Washington and Moscow, announced that any Arab-Israeli peace settlement would have to ensure "the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people." Israel sharply criticized this statement as likely to harden the Arabs¹ stance and impede the peace-making progress. Jordan informed the US that it would not agree to the incorporation of Palestinian negotiators within its own Geneva Peace Conference delegation. Prime Minister Menachem Begin, who had a heart attack shortly before his election, was again admitted to hospital, suffering from exhaustion.
1978(1stof Tishrei, 5739): Rosh Hashanah
1978:Syrian & Palestinians battle in East Beirut, 1,300 killed
1979: In Manhattan, funeral services are scheduled to be held today for Benedict Kanter, the “husband of the late Ruth Kanter” and the father Dr. Joel Kanter.
1981: Birthdate of New York native Marek Ariel “Rel Schulman, best known for “directing the 2010 documentary ‘Catfish’” and the older brother of actor Nev Schulman
1981(4th of Tishrei, 5742): Harry Golden passed away passed away at the age of 79. Born Harry Goldhirsch in what is now the Ukraine, Golden gained famed as the publisher of the Carolina Israelite. Golden used his publication to advocate desegregation in the days when Jim Crow dominated the South and to provide folksy tales about his days growing up on the Lower East Side. Two of his better known books were Only in America and for Two Cents Plain. Sometimes Golden combined his passion for social justice with his satiric wit. One such example was the Vertical Negro Plan. In the days of the segregated South, African-Americans were not allowed to sit down in a restaurant and eat their meals. African-Americans were allowed to go to a window at the side or in the back of many eating establishments, order their food and take it to eat elsewhere. Golden decided that the problem was with African-Americans and Whites eating together, but of sitting together while they were eating. He proposed removing all chairs and stools from eating establishments. That way, the races could eat in the same establishment without violating the time honored tradition of not sitting down to eat together.
1981:Soviet authorities in Kharkov summon factory workers to special meetings to inform them that they have “unmasked” a Zionist movement in Kharkov. They say the movement’s members will shortly be put on trial.
1981: “Paternity,” a comedy directed by David Steinberg, featuring Norman Fell and with music by David Shire was released today in the United States.
1982(15th of Tishrei, 5743): Sukkoth and Shabbat
1982(15th of Tishrei, 5743): Seventy one-year old NYU graduate William Bernbach “the founder and chairman of the Doyle Dane Bernbach advertising agency and the husband of the “former Evelyn Carbone with whom he had two sons, John and Paul – the New York attorney and patron of the arts – passed away today.
1982(15th of Tishrei, 5743): Seventy-year old Sidney Z. Vincent, the Case Western Reserve University Graduate, executive director of the Cleveland Jewish Community Federation and husband of Ruth Vincent with whom he had two children – Jill and Norman—passed away today in his home town of Cleveland, Ohio.
1983: The Israel Bank Stock crisis “erupted fully” today, “the first day after the Sukkoth holiday” when “the public sold more bank stocks than in the entire month of September.”
1983: Bonnie Franklin’s “One Day At A Time” begins its ninth and last season.
1984:“Love on the Beat,” is an album by French singer and songwriter Serge Gainsbourg featuring a duet with his daughter Charlotte was released today.
1987: Release date for “Big Shots,” a film edited by Sheldon Kahn and written by Joe Esterhas.
1987: “Near Dark” a horror film co-starring Jenette Goldstein and filmed by Israeli cinematographer Adam Greenberg was released in the United States today.
1987: Refusenik Ida Nuedl learned today that she had been granted an exit visa so she could leave the Soviet Union and go to Israel.
1988: In “Goetz Estate on the Market” Ruth Ryon described the art and estate left behind by Hollywood producer William Goetz.
1989(3rd of Tishrei, 5750): Tzom Gedaliah
1989(3rd of Tishrei, 5750): Abraham Alper passed away today after which he was buried in the “Beth Joseph Agudath Sholom Cemetery in Madison Heights, VA.
1991: Grigory Yavlinsky, the son of the former “Vera Naumonvna, a Russian Jewish Chemistry teacher” completed his service as “Deputy Chairman of the Committee on the Operational Management of the Economy of the Soviet Union” today.
1992: U.S. Premiere of “Hero” a dark comedy produced and written by Laura Ziskin and co-starring Dustin Hoffman.as the anti-hero “Bernie LaPlante.”
1994(27th of Tishrei, 5755): “The Board of Trustee of Bene Naharayim honored Dr. Gourji Ray, the son of Meir and Mariam Raby “for his accomplishments both in Iraq and the United States.
1994: A revival production of Show Boat produced and directed by Harold Prince which had premiered in Toronto opened on Broadway at the George Gershwin Theatre where “it ran for 947 performance” making it the longest running Broadway production of the Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein musical based on Edna Ferber’s novel.
1995(8th of Tishrei, 5456): Seventy-five year old Quincy, Massachusetts native Bernard Adler, the stepfather of director Steven Spielberg who along with his wife of 28 years Leah Adler “operated the Milky Way kosher dairy restaurant in Los Angeles” passed away today.
1997(1st of Tishrei, 5758): Rosh Hashana
1997: Emmy award winning actress Rena Sofer completed her second round of guest appearances on “General Hospital”
1998: “Hideous Kinky” a film based on the autobiographical novel of the same name by Esther Freud, the great-granddaughter of Sigmund Freud was released today by AMLF.
2000(3rd of Tishrei, 5761): Tzom Gedaliah
2000: Twenty-four year old Wichlav Zalsevky was shot by “an unknown Palestinian” today.
2000: CBS broadcast the first episode of season six of “King of Queens” co-starring Jerry Stiller.
2001(15th of Tishrei, 5762): Sukkoth
2001: Osama Awadallah, a college student with no criminal record who was one of dozens Arab men detained around the country in the days after 9/11 as potential witnesses in terrorism investigations appeared in the Federal District Courtroom of Judge Michael B. Mukasey. Responding to Awadallah’s claims that he had been beaten, the judge said, “I will tell you he looks fine to me…If you to file a lawsuit, you can file a lawsuit.” Mukasey, an Orthodox Jew did not recues himself from this case which should have come as no surprise since he did not recues himself during the trials of the “Blind Sheik” was part of the conspiracy to blow up the World Trade Center in 1993.
2001:In a statement issued today, Aipac officials criticized President Bush's advisers who advocated support for the creation of a Palestinian state. Those advisers ''are encouraging the president to reward, rather than punish, those that harbor and support terrorism,'' the statement said.
2002: Randy Lerner succeeded his father Al as the leader of the Cleveland Browns football team
2004(17th of Tishrei, 5765): Shabbat Chol HaMoed Sukkoth
2004(17th of Tishrei, 5765): Sixty-three year old Shaul Amor, the native of Morocco who served in the Knesset as “Minister without for Portfolio” passed away today.
2004: Amy “Goodman was presented the Islamic Community Award for Journalism by the Council on American-Islamic Relations.”
2005: The New York Times reported that Franzi Groszman had passed away at the age of 100. Mrs. Groszman is believed to be one of the last survivors of the parents who put their children on the Kindertransport, the London bound trains that took Jewish children out of Nazi Germany before World War II.
2005: Books by Jewish authors or on Jewish topics were featured in several newspapers. The New York Times Book Review Section included a review of Party In The Blitza memoir by Elijah Canetti. The winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Literature is described as “a Spanish Jewish Viennese Swiss Bulgarian Refugee. The Times also reviewed Blood Relation a biography of Harold “Heshy” Konigsberg, a Jewish racketeer and hit man. As the review points out, Jews may be criminals, but they are not heroes. Hehsy’s family describes him as a “shanda” which is Yiddish for ‘Shame.”
2005: After fracturing his finger in September Boston Red Sox Kevin Youkilis returned to the lineup today the last day of the 2005 season during which he hit .278.
2006: The Washington Postreviewed Dogs of War by James Reston. It is subtitled, “Columbus, the Inquisition and the Defeat of the Moors.” As the reviewer says, “in 1492, Sapin expelled its Jews and crushed a caliphate.” Finally the Post also reviewed The Last Days of Dogtown by Anita Diamant. “In The Red TentDiamant used a gaudy, Technicolor style to engineer her Old Testament visions of sex and violence, while The Last Days of Dogtown is as plain as sunlight on polished wood. But in both books, she has managed to find an appropriate (if not a true) vocabulary to conjure up a world. Like Las Vegas reproductions of old Venice or ancient Egypt, these novels are proudly inauthentic yet still entirely original.”
2006(10th of Tishrei, 5767:) Yom Kippur,
2006: The first Yom Kippur is observed with all IDF Troops out of Lebanon.
2006: As the sun set on Yom Kippur the last Rabbi in Baghdad, Emad Levy, sat down for his last “break the fast’ meal in Iraq. As he ate the piece of cake and ranks the two glasses of milk he shared his thoughts with a Washington Postreporter realizing that next year he would be doing this in another land.
2006: Allegations arose that Alan Hevesi had fired Alexander McHugh, a receptions who had filed a sexual harassment charge. Hevesi’s office contended that she had not cooperated with their investigation and that no evidence had been found to support her claim.
2007: Solomon Wachtler“was reinstated to the New York state bar.”
2007: The Special Olympics open in Shanghai where the 2,000-strong Jewish community has raised $20,000 to support Israel’s Special Olympics team. The community, headed by Maurice Ohama, has provided the 38 Israeli athletes with uniforms, sports shoes as well as access to a Sukkah and kosher food.
2007: Israel eased a strict news blackout on an airstrike on stories related to the September airstrike against Syria that has been described as destroying shipments of arms for Hezbollah or a nuclear facility built with North Korean technology.
2007:Frank Lowy received the Henni Friedlander Award for the Common Good at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, United States.
2007: “Gilded Lions and Jeweled Horses: The Synagogue to the Carousel opens at the American Folk Art Museum under the aegis of guest cuator Murray Zimilies
2008: At Columbia University, the Institute for Israel and Jewish Studies presents an address by renowned Israeli author Amos Oz, Agnon Professor of Hebrew Literature, Ben-Gurion University entitled “A Tale of Love and Darkness” as part of the Syliva and Joseph Radov Lectures
2008(3, Tishrei, 5769): Fast of Gedaliah,
2008: Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced today that he would abandon his earlier opposition to changing the term limits law and seek a third term as mayor, arguing that the economic crisis buffeting the nation called for continuity in municipal leadership.
2008 An “abridged version of Girl Crazy,” a 1930’s George and Ira Gershwin musical opened at the Kennedy Center.
2008: In “Rabbi Has Message, So Does Cellphone,” published today James Barron describes how Jewish businessmen are coping with the financial meltdown during the High Holidays.
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/02/nyregion/02holidays.html?_r=0
2009:Singer-songwriter Peter Yarrow (of Peter, Paul & Mary fame) reads from and discusses his new song-inspired children's picture book, Day is Done, (illustrated by Melissa Sweet) at Politics and Prose Bookstore, in Washington, D.C.
2009:Icelandic experimental band mum (with a lower-case "m" and pronounced moom) is scheduled to open its European tour at Tel Aviv's Barby Club today.
2009: The Coen Brothers latest film, “A Serious Man,” opens in theatres throughout the United States.
2009: According to reports published in today’s Washington Post, “Israeli writer Amos Oz is the favorite to be picked for the 2009 Nobel literature prize next Thursday, but with the judging notoriously hard to predict, he is far from a safe bet. Oz, who deals with life in modern Israel in his novels, and reflects decades of commitment to the Israeli peace movement in his political writing, is quoted at 4/1 by the British bookmaker Ladbrokes, meaning he has one chance in five of winning.”
2009(14th of Tishrei, 5770): Erev Sukkoth
2009(14th of Tishrei, 5770):Captain Benjamin Sklaver was killed in Afghanistan.
2009: Thin and wan, but lucid and very much alive, Gilad Shalit, the captured Israeli soldier whose fate has gripped Israel for more than three years, appeared in a video today holding a Palestinian newspaper dated Sept. 14
2009(14th of Tishrei, 5770):Seventy-six year old photographer of the famous, Nat Finkelstein, passed away today. (As reported by William Grimes)
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/13/arts/13finkelstein.html
2010: On Shabbat, the traditional minyan at Temple Judah in Cedar Rapids, IA joins the rest of the world in reading Parsha Bereshit, marking the start of the new Torah reading cycle.
2010:Miki Gavrielov, one of Israel’s leading singer/song writer is scheduled to perform at Beth El Synagogue Center in New Rochelle, NY.
2011: Israelis change their clocks as daylight savings time comes to an end.
2011: The New York Times features books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including “The Swerve:How the World Became Modern” by Stephen Greenblatt, “Gustav Mahler by Jens Malte Fischer, “All Our Worldly Goods” by Irène Némirovsky and “The Mirador:Dreamed Memories of Irène Némirovsky by Her Daughter” by Élisabeth Gille
2011:Gilo is not a settlement but an “integral part of Jerusalem,” Deputy Foreign Minister Danny Ayalon stressed during a tour of the capital’s third-largest neighborhood for 50 members of the foreign media today.
2011: Today, Israel formally accepted an international proposal to return to peace negotiations with the Palestinians, but any immediate resumption of talks appeared unlikely as the Israelis and Palestinians differed sharply over the letter and spirit of the proposal.
2012(16thof Tishrei, 5733): Second Day of Sukkoth
2012: This evening, Michael Stewart, author of The Gypsy Menace: Populism and the New Anti Gypsy Politics is scheduled to discuss treatment of Europe’s largest minority at the Wiener Library in London.
2012:Vandals attacked the Franciscan convent on Jerusalem’s Mount Zion early this morning, spray-painting it with anti- Christian graffiti in the third “price tag” attack against a Christian site this year. The vandals painted the words “price tag” and “Jesus is a bastard” on the door of the Franciscan convent, located adjacent to the Dormition Abbey cathedral.
2012: Funeral services for the late Stephen O. Frankurt, former President of Young & Rubicon will be held today
2012: “Rabbi Israel Meir Lau, Julius Berman, Colette Avital and Rafi Eitan were among those who spoke at the funeral of Holocaust survivor and Israeli economist Moshe Sanbar which was held at the Kiryat Shaul Cemetery today.
2012: Five people, including Likud activist Moshe Feiglin, were arrested for a confrontation on the Temple Mount this morning during Feiglin’s monthly trip to Judaism’s holiest site. Towards the end of Feiglin’s visit, a group of Muslims surrounded the Jewish worshippers and started yelling “Alalu Akbar.”
2012: Friends and Family will celebrate the birthday of Barb Feller today in Cedar Rapids, where her many accomplishments include being a Hebrew teach par excellence.
2013: In the UK, the Wiener Library is scheduled to host Bernd Koschland who will share his experiences of the Kindertransport, the humanitarian effort that brought 10,000 persecuted children to the UK from Europe in 1938-39.
2013: The Greater Washington Area Chapter of Hadassah is scheduled to host its Special Gifts Dinner this event at Woodmont Country Club.
2013: In a commemoration marking the 40th anniversary of the Yom Kippur a screening of “The Battle Over the Soul” followed “by a conversation with Dan Almagor, the producer and a soldier at the battle of ‘Tel Saki’ is scheduled to take place at the Stephen Wise Free Synagogue.
2013: In Cedar Rapids, IA, Temple Judah is scheduled to host the Hadassah Book Club which will discuss The List by Martin Fletcher.
2013: In Budapest, the Conference on Jewish Life and Anti-Semitism in Contemporary Europe came to an end.
2013: “Poverty is the greatest menace to the Middle East, overtaking terrorism and conventional wars, Israeli President Shimon Peres told the Dutch parliament in a speech today.”
2013: “Finance Minister Yair Lapid y0day harshly condemned Israeli citizens who emigrate to improve their standard of living, saying he had “no patience” for people who leave the Jewish state behind for reasons of convenience.”
2013(28th of Tishrei, 5774): Ninety-four year old “Abraham Nemeth, the creator of a Braille Code for math” passed away today. (As reported by William Yardley)
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/07/us/abraham-nemeth-creator-of-a-braille-code-for-math-is-dead-at-94.html?hpw
2013: Based the media coverage, the most important Jew in the world today is fashion designer Marc Jacobs who announced that “he is leaving Louis Vuitton after 16 years to concentrate on his namesake line”
2014: The Kaufman Music Center is scheduled to host “An Evening with Paul Reiser.”
2014: In an interview published today IDF Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. Benny Gantz said “Israel achieved a decisive victory in this summer’s hostilities with Hamas, but maintaining a long-term ceasefire depends on improving the day-to-day conditions and economic conditions of Gaza residents.” (As reported by Gavriel Fiske)
2014: In an attempt to avoid armed clashes, a closure of the West Bank begins as ll:59 p.m. today (JTA)
2014: France joined the United States in condemning a plan to buid over two thousand new homes in east Jerusalem, thus worsening a pseudo –crisis created by Prime Minister Netanyahu who successfully shifted attention away from what he claimed was a primary security concern i.e. keeping Iran from developing nuclear capability.
2015: Lewis Black is scheduled to perform at the Belle Mehus Auditorium in Bismarck, ND.
2015: Today, Spain approved the granting of “citizenship to 4,302 people who identified themselves as descendants of Sephardic Jews.”
2015: “Congo Beat the Drum,” a documentary about “two musicians from Tel Aviv who travel to Jamaica to record an album with forgotten reggae artists from the past” is scheduled to be shown at the Bushwick Film Festival.
2015: Erev Shabbat, Border Policemen shot a young Palestinian Arab man in the leg in the Issawiya neighborhood of Jerusalem, after he approached them with a firebomb in his hand and tried to throw it at them.
2015: As part of the International Balloon Festival, balloons are scheduled to be launched “early this morning from Eshkol Park in the northern Negev region.
2015: “Over 200 Palestinian Arabs waited for police forces at Rachel's Tomb in Bethlehem this afternoon, throwing rocks and firebombs and burning tires at the Jewish holy site.”
2015: All decent people throughout the world mourn the deaths of Eitam and Haama Henkin who were murdered when terrorists opened fire on their car in which they were traveling with four of their children in an attack which Hamas praised as “heroic” followed by a call for “more high-quality attacks.”
2015: “As Syria Reels, Israel Looks to Expand Settlements in Golan Heights” published today described the changing face of Israel’s northern border.”
2015: Thousands attended the funeral in Jerusalem this morning for Eitam and Naama Henkin, who were killed in a shooting attack in their car near the settlement of Itamar yesterday evening during which nine year old Matan said Kaddish for his parents
2016(29thof Elul, 5776): Eighty three year old Brooklyn born director and producer Gordon Davidson who transformed the theatrical scene in Los Angeles passed away today.
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/04/theater/gordon-davidson-dead.html?_r=1
http://www.timesofisrael.com/gordon-davidson-moses-of-las-theater-scene-dies-at-83/ 2016: The first show of the seventh season of “Shameless” starring Emmy Rossum is scheduled to be broadcast tonight.
2016: In Moscow, police said they had arrested “a 40-year old man” who had stabbed a security a guard during an attack at the central synagogue.
2016: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including The Iran Wars: Spy Games, Bank Battles, and the Secret Deals That Reshaped the Middle East by Jay Solomon, The Fix: How Nations Survive and Thrive in a World in Decline by Jonathan Tepperman and Little Nothing by Marisa Silver
2016(29thof Elul, 5776): Erev Rosh Hashanah
שנה טובה, כתיבה וחתימה טובה.
2017:
2107: In London, JW3 is scheduled to host the last screening “The Exception” a film that tells the tale of a Nazi officer sent guard Kaiser Wilhelm II after the start of WW II.
2017: The Brooklyn Institute for Social Research and the Center for Jewish History are scheduled to host the final session of “Proust in Time: Sawnn’s Way” that examines Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time.
2018:This evening the Illinois Museum and Education Center to host “cast members from the Victory Gardens Theatre production performing selections from Paula Vogel’s play ‘Indecent’” after which they will “discuss the responsibility of the artist in times of injustice, oppression and censorship.”
2018: The Oxford University Jewish Society is scheduled to host a Simchat Torah lunch today.
2018(23rd of Tishrei, 5779): Simchat Torah
2018: Today, Jason Kander, who had voluntarily served in Afghanistan dropped out of the race for Mayor of Kansas City, “citing symptoms of PTSD and depression.
2018: Having released the music video for “All of Tears” at the end of September, Z Berg released the single “on music platforms” today.
2019: The opening celebration for the exhibition “The Art of Exile: Paintings by German-Jewish Refugees presented by LBI is schedule to take place today.
2019: In New York, the School of Visual Arts is scheduled to host an “evening celebrating the 60th anniversary of ‘The Twilight Zone,’ the seminal show” of Jewish born convert to Unitarianism Rod Serling.
2019: In Mill Valley, CA, the Outdoor Art Club is scheduled to host Tffany Shalin, “the San Francisco based Jewish author who will discuss her new book, 24/6: The Power of Unplugging.”
2019(3rd of Tishrei, 5779): Fast of Gedaliah
https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/2316462/jewish/Tzom-Gedaliah-Fast-Day.htm
https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/tzom-gedaliah/
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-fast-of-gedaliah