September 19

 335: Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his Uncle Constantine I who had turned the Roman Empire into a Christian entity.  Following the death of Constantine, his successor Constantius II reportedly had Dalmatius murdered along with other members of his family whom he considered a threat to his rule.  Constantinus consolidation of power was not a good thing for the Jewish people because he was responsible for a whole series of laws and regulations that were “explicitly anti-Jewish.” 

690: Theodore of Tarsus, the Archbishop of Canterbury in whose “Liber Poemotemtialis” contained the earliest references to Jews in England passed away.(As described by Albert Hyamson)

1187: Saladin breaks Camp at Ascalon, and moves towards his ultimate goal of taking Jerusalem

1356: The English decisively defeated the French, led by King John II at the Battle of Poitiers.  The English captured the French king and held him for ransom.  The Dauphine, the future King Charles V, served as regent during his father’s imprisonment.  He authorized the return of the Jews to France “in order to use the taxes to enable him to pay his father's ransom.”  When he assumed the throne, Charles V would continue to honor the promises he had made to the Jews during his regency. 

1590(20^thof Elul): Today three years before he passed away, Moshe Alshich granted smichah to Chaim ben Joseph Vital.  Alshcich was born in Turkey in 1508 but settled in Safed where he was a disciple of Rabbi Joseph Caro.

1590(20^thof Elul): “Rabbi Judah Arye Moscato…whose principle fame rests on his exegesis, Kol Yehuda of Al Charzari, which was printed for the first time in Fano, Italy in  passed away today

1635(7^thof Tishrei): Gitele Loew the wife of Rabbi Simon Brandeis and the mother of Rabbi Samuel Brandeis passed away today in Prague.

1657: During the Swedish invasion of Poland, a period called the Deluge, the Polish king gives up his claims over Prussia in return for aid in fighting the forces of Charles X, the Swedish monarch. This was a period of great suffering for the Jews of Poland who treated badly by the invading Swedes and treated even worse by the various Polish military forces. 

1659: Tobiah Bacharach and Israel ben Shalom were executed today on an accusation of ritual murder.

1724(2nd of Tishrei, 5485): Gluckel of Hamelin passed away

http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/glueckel-of-hameln

http://books.google.com.au/books?id=QduBz2cAHDwC&dq=isbn:0805205721&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PpGNUZieJ-aRiQerv4HYCQ&redir_esc=y

1757: Birth of Mantua native Samuel Romanelli who combined the skills of a Hebrew poet with that of a traveler able to provide readable descriptions of his visits to a variety of Jewish communities.

https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/romanelli-samuel-aaron

1759: Birthdate of French banker Olry Hayem Worms, whose first wife was Blumele Levi and whose second wife was Flore Zacharie.

1773(2^ndof Tishrei, 5534): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah observed as colonists debated how to deal with the Tea Act, an event that would lead to the Boston Tea Party.

1777: During the American Revolution, the First Battle of Saratoga begins.  The victory at Saratoga was critical because it brought the French into the war on the side of the Americans. Colonel David Salisbury Franks, the highest ranking Jewish officer in the American Revolution distinguished himself during this pivotal battle in American history.

1785(15^thof Tishrei, 5546): Sukkoth observed on the same day that John Jay, the Secretary of the United Sates for the Department of Foreign Affairs wrote to Congress that in his opinion it would expedient to have consuls in Russia, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, the United Netherlands, Britain, Ireland, France, Portugal, Spain…and certain ports  in the Mediterranian.”

1792(3^rdof Tishrei, 5553): Tzom Gedaliah observed two days before the official abolition of the French Monarchy during the French Revolution.

1795(6^thof Tishrei, 5556): Parashat Vayeilech; Shabbat Shuva observed on the same day that Vice President John Adams to his son John Q. Adams the U.S. Ambassador to the Netherlands.

1796(16^thof Elul, 5556): Jonah b Nathan Z-tz-l was buried today in the Brady Street Jewish Cemetery following his death on September 18.

1796: Today, David C. Claypoole’s American Daily Advertiser published “Washington’s Farewell Address” a letter to the American people in which George Washington, who had made Jews feel welcomed in the newly created United States, declined a third term in office and enunciated his view on what Americans would need to protect their future.

1798(9th of Tishrei, 5559): As the naval forces of the Second Coalition assert their control over the Mediterranean in their on-going fight with Napoleon, Jews on both sides hear the chanting of Kol Nidre this evening. 

1807: In Charleston, SC, Isaac Da Costa married Miss Jane Samuel.

1811(1^stof Tishrei, 5572): Rosh Hashana observed in the same year that the first Rosh Hashana kibbutz which had been initiated by Rebbe Nachman of Breslov took place after his death

1812 (13th of Tishrei, 5573): Sixty-year old Mayer Amschel Rothshchild the found father of the famous banking family passed away today in Frankurt, Germany. For more see Founder by Amos Elon and https://family.rothschildarchive.org/people/21-mayer-amschel-rothschild-1744-1812

1816: In London, Sir Isaac and Isabel Goldsmid gave birth to their second daughter Rachel who became Countess D’Avigdor when in June, 1840 she married Count Salamon Henri D’Avigdor whose father was a member of Napoleon’s Sanhedrin.

1822: Mary Davis and Hyman Collins gave birth to Myer Collins who would not live to see his 13^th birthday.

1825: In Hamburg, Germany, Moses Nathan Levy, the Hamburg born son of Jette and Nathan Levy and his wife Hannchen Levy gave birth to David Levy, the brother of Siegmund, Hirsh, Levin Roschen and Abraham Levy.

1827: Birthdate of Leo Herzberg-Frankel who worked as the chief clerk of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry in his native Brody for 40 years while he pursued his literary career.

1833: Birthdate of Prussian native Louis Hirschfield who established “a large clothing house” in the Clayton County town of McGregor, IA who was the husband of Rosalia Summerfield and a member of Congregation “B’nai Sholem” in Chicago.

1835(25^thof Elul, 5595): Parashat Nitzavim-Vayeilech; Leil Selichot observed on the day that Stephen F. Austin wrote a “circular” warning  the people of Texas about General Martin Perfecto de Cos’ plan to march into the colonies” and urging “the citizens of Texas to demand their rights under the Constitution of 1824, and outlined steps that needed to be taken including making preparation for war.

1838(29^thof Elul, 5598): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1838: Birthdate of General Charles Gones who “when confronted with overwhelming evidence that Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy was guilty of the espionage that Alfred Dreyfus had wrongfully been convicted of, Gonse simply overlooked it and refused to recognize Dreyfus's innocence.”

1841: In Cincinnati, Ohio, German Jewish immigrants organized Congregation B’nai Yeshurun

1842(15^thof Tishrei, 5603): Sukkoth

1843: Jacob Alexander married Golda Levy at the Great Synagogue today.

1847(9th of Tishrei, 5608): Jews living in California hear Kol Nidre for the first time this evening as citizens of the United States as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1847: François Guizot became Prime Minister of France under King Louis Philippe I

1849(3rd of Tishrei, 5610):Tzom Gedaliah

1852: In England, “Maurice Moses Beddington,” the son of “Esther and Henry Tsebi Moses” and his wife “Hannah Maria Beddington gave birth to Mary Louisa Beddington who became Mary Louisa Micholls when she married Edward Emanuel Micholls

1852: In Wilkes-Barre, ,PA, Abraham Strauss and Emilie Bodenheimer gave birth to attorney Seligman Joseph Straus the holder of an M.A. from CCNY, husband of Miriam Weiss and the President of District Grand Lodge No. 3 of the Independent Order of B’nai B’rith in Wilkes-Barre.

1856: Birthdate of Budapest native Victor Caro who served as the Rabbi of Milwaukee’s Temple B’nai Jeshurun from 1892 until 1912 when he passed away while visiting Germany In an attempt to deal with health issues.

1857(1^stof Tishrei, 5618): Rosh Hashanah

1857: The New York Times reports on the dedication of a “House of Israel,” a new synagogue in Baltimore, MD “where the ladies of the congregation established a free school for religious instruction.”

1857: Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt discovered Asteroid 48 Doris.

1857: Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt discovered Asteroid 49 Pales.

1859: George Bush “an American biblical scholar, pastor, abolitionist and Christian Restorationist academic” passed away. Bush, who is reportedly related to the two Americans of that name “published a book entitled ‘The Valley of Vision; or, The Dry Bones of Israel Revived’” in 1844. “In it he denounced “the thralldom and oppression which has so long ground them (the Jews) to the dust,” and called for “elevating” the Jews “to a rank of honorable repute among the nations of the earth” by re-creating the Jewish State in the land of Israel. This, according to Bush, would benefit not only the Jews, but all of mankind, forming a “link of communication” between humanity and God. “It will blaze in notoriety...". “It will flash a splendid demonstration upon all kindreds and tongues of the truth.”

1860(3^rdof Tishrei, 5621): Tzom Gedaliah observed for the last time during the Presidency of James Buchanan.

1861(15th of Tishrei, 5622): Sukkoth (I can find no record of a Sukkah being built by either Union or Confederate troops.)

1861: Twenty-nine year old Philadelphian Myer Asch began serving as a Second Lieutenant with Company H, of the First Cavalry of the New Jersey Volunteers.

1862: During the Civil War, Philadelphian Henry Straus began serving as the Assistant Surgeon in the 150^th Regiment popularly known as the “Bucktail Regiment.”

1862: In Odessa, Isaac Goward and Rachel Smilaynsky gave birth to birth Mary Ostrowsky’s husband George Coward who came to the United States in 1882 after which he became an agent for the Philadelphia committee of the Baron de Hirsch fund and the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society as one of “the organizers of the Hebrew Literature Society.

1862: Federal forces under the command of Lt. Colonel Gabriel Netter clashed with a much larger force of Confederates near Owensboro.  Netter refused to surrender and was killed during the ensuring clash. Netter was one of the many Jews who served in the Union Army during the Civil War.

1863: Birthdate of Morris, IL native Louis G. Gump, the Baltimore stockbroker who was the father of Rosalind G. Wertheimer, the father-in-law of Milton Wertheimer and the grandfather of Emanuel and Milton Wertheimer, Jr.

1863:  During the Civil War, Union and Rebel forces clash at the Battle of Chickamauga. Frederick Kneffler was cited for bravery at the battle of Chickamauga. This Jewish resident of Indianapolis, attained the rank of Major General while commanding the 79th Indiana

1864: David Michaels who would rise from Corporal to Second Lieutenant began his service with Company of the 210^th Regiment.

1864: A citation awarding the Medal of Honor to Corporal Isaac Gause, was issued today for his valor on the battlefield on September 13. The citation was issued to the Jewish trooper serving with Company, 2^nd Ohio Cavalry “Capture of the colors of the 8th South Carolina Infantry while engaged in a reconnaissance along the Berryville and Winchester Pike.”  This would have meant that Gause was serving in the Army of the Shenandoah under the command of General Philip Sheridan.  The campaign successfully drove the Rebels from the Shenandoah Valley which was a key source of supply for the Confederate Army.  Capturing another unit’s colors was the epitome of success and called for unusual bravery because in those days military units fought ferociously to avoid having their flags captured.

1866(10^thof Tishrei, 5626): Yom Kippur

1866(10^thof Tishrei, 5626): Ninety-year old Priscilla Moses Lopez, the daughter of Rachel Andrews Woolf and Myer Moses and wife of David Lopez with whom she had eight children passed away today after which she was buried at the Coming Street Cemetery in Charleston, SC.

1866: “Yom Kippur” published today states that “Yesterday at sunset began the most important of all Jewish” festivals “that of the ‘Yom Kippur,' or Day of Atonement--a feast which is more generally observed by the Hebrew race throughout the world than any other of their numerous festivals.”

1867: Birthdate of Sunderland, England, native Israel Galland who in 1895 came to the United States after which he settled in Brooklyn,

1868: In Winnsboro, SC, Simon and Isabel Wolfe Baruch gave birth to New York Stock Exchange member Hartwig Baruch, the brother of Bernard Baruch who had acted under the name of “Nathaniel Hartwig” and who had one son and two daughters with his wife Arline Lennox Baruch whom he married in 1917.

https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1953/03/02/93603323.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0

1868(3^rdif Tishrei, 5629)” Parashat Ha’Azinu: Shabbat Shuvah

1868: When the Battle of Beecher Island came to an end Sigmund Shlesinger a native of Hungary serving with Forsyth’s Company of Scouts was among the survivors.

1869: Three days after she had passed way, 60 year old Rachel (Solomon) Lewis, the wife of Abraham Lewis was buried today at the “West Ham Jewish Cemetery on Buckingham Road.”

1870: The Italian Army laid siege to Rome, the capital of the Papal States.  The one day siege would prove successful.  Rome would become the capital of a newly unified Italian nation.  And Italy would go from one of the worst places in Europe for Jews to live to one of the best.

1870: In New York City, Marcus Witmark and Henrietta Peyser gave birth to Julius P. Witmark, the husband of Carrie J. Rosenberg who sang as a “boy soprano” until the age of 15 and later joined the family firm of M. Witmark and Sons, Music Publishers.

1875(15^thof Tishrei, 5546): Sukkoth

1875: “Whitewashing Shylock” published today provided a refreshingly different view of the famed character from the “Merchant of Venice.”  The real villains are Antonio, the Merchant of Venice who was “humbug and a tuft-hunter” who falsely portrayed himself as a man of wealth and Bassanio.  They sought to cheat Shylock and use the fact that he was a Jewish moneylender to their advantage. The only weapon left to Shylock was cunning which “he sharpened up for this occasion.

1876(1st of Tishrei, 5637): Rosh Hashanah

1876: In Amsterdam, Isaac Jacob Gans, the Amsterdam born son “of Jacob and Rebecca Mozes Gans” and his wife Vogeltje Dooseman, gave birth to Rebecca Gans

1879(2nd of Tishrei, 5640): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1879: In New York City, Nathan Strauss and Minnie Gladken gave birth to illustrator Malcolm Atherton Strauss whose works appeared in numerous publications including Life magazine and the New York Herald.

http://www.allposters.com/-st/Malcolm-A-Strauss-Posters_c40723_.htm

1881: It was reported today a committee of Jews representing communities all over Russia has arrived in St. Petersburg with the hopes of meeting with the Minister of Interior. They plan to present him with a petition asking for “an official public declaration of liberty for all creeds and suspension…of the laws sanctioning the expulsion of Jews from certain localities.

1881: President James Garfield dies from an assassin’s bullet. Garfield was shot by a disgruntled office seeker named Charles Guiteau.  This brought the long simmering battle over political patronage jobs in the federal government to a boil.  Garfield’s death provided the impetus for the passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act.  The Pendleton Act created a system of federal service positions that were filled based on merit not political patronage.  This civil service system based on ability would provide career opportunities to future generation of Jewish professionals.

1881: In Schenectady, NY “Isaac Levy, wholesale liquor dealer, and Lewis Behr, tailor, draped their shops in black for the fallen president” James Garfield.  Jews had already expressed their sorrow by holding special prayer services at Gates of Heaven when the President had been shot. (As reported by the Schenectady County Historical Society)

1882: Two days after she had passed away, Leopolldine (Friedberger) Samuel, the German born widow of Lambert Samuel was buried today at the “Balls Pond Road Jewish Cemetery.”

1883: Birthdate of Berlin native Walter Wasserman, the German filmmaker whose career spanned twenty years.

1883: Birthdate of Russian native Abraham Balaban, the husband of Tillie Adamofsky Balaban.

1884(29^thof Elul, 5644): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1884(29^thof Elul, 5644): In Leadville, CO, Rabbi Sachs, a recent graduate of Hebrew Union College led the services dedicating the new building that would house Temple Israel.

1884(29^thof Elul, 5644):  Forty-four year old attorney and author Leon da Silva Solis-Cohen, the son of Myer David Cohen and Judith Simha Solis, the husband of Lucia Mannes Ritterband and veteran of the Keystone Battery who was medically discharged from the Union Army passed away today

1884: One of the major wholesale houses in the clothing trade – Rindskopf Brothers & Co – failed today.  Simon Rindskopf, Morris Rindskopf, Raphael Buchman and Jacob Rosenthal, the company’s partner “filed an assignment in the County Clerk’s office for the benefit of their creditors.”

1885(10th of Tishrei, 5646): Yom Kippur

1885: Birthdate of Richard Lert, the Austrian born American “music director and conductor of the Pasadena Symphony and co-founder of the Music Academy of the West in California” who was the brother of “stage director Ernst Lert.”

1885: Rabbi Gottheil will deliver the Yom Kippur sermon at Temple Emanu-El

1885: Rabbi H. P. Mendes will deliver the Yom Kippur sermon at the 19^thStreet Synagoue.

1885: Rabbi De Sola Mendes will deliver the Yom Kippur sermon at Shaary Tefila

1885: Rabbi Kohut will deliver the Yom Kippur sermon at Ahavas Chesed

1885: Rabbi Henry S. Jacob will deliver the Yom Kippur sermon at the Madison Avenue Synagogue.

1885: Rabbi I.C. Noot will deliver the Yom Kippur sermon at B’nai Israel on east 4^th Street in New York City.

1886: Three hundred Romanian Jews arrived in New York aboard the SS Egypt.

1887(1^stof Tishrei, 5648): Rosh Hashanah

1887: Rabbi Gottheil is scheduled deliver the Rosh Hashanah sermon at Temple Emanu-El

1887: Rabbi H. P. Mendes is scheduled to deliver the Rosh Hashanah sermon at the 19^thStreet Synagogue

1887: Rabbi De Sola Mendes is scheduled to deliver the Rosh Hashanah sermon at the 44^thStreet Synagogue

1887: Rabbi Henry S. Jacobs is scheduled to deliver the Rosh Hashanah sermon at the Madison Avenue Synagogue. The sermon will be based on the text “Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto Thy name give glory, for Thy mercy, and for thy truth’s sake.”

1887: Rabbi Kohut scheduled to deliver the Rosh Hashanah sermon at Ahavas Chesed.

1889: “A Library’s Record” published today provides a description of the success enjoyed by the Maimonides Library which was established by B’nai B’rith in New York.  In the past year, the library has acquired 2,781 volumes bringing its total collection to 32,326 books.  The percentage of books in circulation has increased from 32 per cent to 37 per cent.

1890: Benston Fuerstenbaum, who had spent the last three months in jail on charges of breach of contract reluctantly, married Goldie Fromner in City Court which had been decked out with a Chupah under which a rabbi performed the ceremony.

1890: In Brooklyn Police Commissioner Hayden promised a group of “prominent” Jews that he would “have a force of police on hand to keep anarchist Johann Most within bounds” during the protest he is planning on holding on Yom Kippur.

1891: Aaron Jatkowski is being held on charges of having assaulted Charles Lieberman when the latter sought to stop a drunken party at the synagogue in Newark, NJ

1891: Several Jewish families moved away from Milville, NJ, today as the strike called because Flint and Green Glass Works had hired 14 Jews worsened.

1892: Alexander Berkman who was being tried for having attempted to assassinate Henry Clay Frick and who was serving as his own lawyer was brought to the courtroom where he discovered that the jury had already been empaneled thus depriving of him a chance to question those who would sit in judgment on him.

1892: “The Leonard Wing” of the Republican party in New Orleans nominated attorney Morris Marks who has been head of the Hebrew Widows and Orphan’s Home to run against Captain Burr Wood, the handpicked candidate of former Governor Warmoth.

1892: Birthdate of life long New Yorker Fred Ahlert, the law school graduate turned composer and songwriter whose hits included “I’m Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter,” “Walking My Baby Back Home” and “Where the Blue of the Night Meets the Gold of the Day.”

http://www.jazzbiographies.com/Biography.aspx?ID=1

1893(9th of Tishrei, 5654): Kol Nidre

1893: “Rabbi Louis Lustig and a score of laymen” escaped to safety when a fire broke out on the second floor of a frame building at 180 Rivington Street where they had been conducting Yom Kippur services.

1893: A group of Jewish anarchists calling themselves the “Gruppe Proletariat” began a 24 hour vigil at the Clarendon Ballroom where they spent much of their time giving speeches denouncing “religion in general and” Judaism in particular. 

1894: Birthdate of Dov Hoz, the native of Orsha who made Aliyah in 1906 and who a leading labor Zionist, founder of the Haganah and the founder and CEO of "Aviron," a pioneer of aviation in Israel that trained pilot and established flight lines in Israel and outside.

1895: According to a list published today, the following charities each received a bequest of 100 dollars from the late Mrs. Rebecca Kastor: Mount Sinai Hospital, Hebrew Benevolent and Orphan Asylum, Home for Aged and Infirm Hebrews, Hebrew Free School Association, the Ladies Bekuscholm Society and the the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society.

1895(1^stof Tishrei, 5656) Rosh Hashanah

1895: Approximately 200 Russian Jews arrived in Norwich, CT having traveled there from Liverpool via Quebec.

1898: “Anti-Semitic Movement Threatening In Algeria” published today described the attempts undermine the well-being of the Jewish community there including the rising influence of Édouard Adolphe Drumont, the founder of the Anti­-Semitic League of France and the plans of the new Governor  “to suppress the Jewish Consistories in Algeria.”

1898: Stanford E. Moses who had served as Assistant Engineer aboard the U.S.S. Brooklyn during the Spanish-American War was promoted today Passed Assistant Engineer and assigned to the U.S.S. Oregon.

1898: Ensign William O. Cohn was discharged from the U.S. Navy today.

1899: L'Osservatore Romano, the Vatican's official newspaper, runs a story about a Christian boy found dead in Hungary, his blood drained out by Jews who wanted it for their ghastly, superstitious rituals

1899(15^thof Tishrei, 5660): Sukkoth

1899: Sixty-six year old Auguste Scheurer-Kestner, the French Protestant political leader who became a staunch defender of Dreyfus passed away today.

1899: Following a passionate campaign by his supporters, including leading artists and intellectuals like Émile Zola, Dreyfus was pardoned by President Émile Loubet and released from prison

1899: “The mass meeting that is being organized by Maurice Blumenthal…’to protest against the action of the Dreyfus court-martial and to have the wrong right’” which will include speeches by Jews and non-Jews is scheduled to be held this evening at Cooper Union.

1899(15^thof Tishrei, 5660): Eighty-two year old Charles Patrick Daly, author of The Settlement of Jews in North America, passed away today.

1900: Butch Cassidy, who gained fame as one of the anti-heroes in the film “Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid” starring Paul Newman and with music by Burt Bacharach, and his gang robbed the First National Bank of Winnemucca, Nevada, taking $32,640 with $31,000 of it in $20 gold pieces

1901:  Birthdate of Hungarian born, American movie producer Joseph Pasternak. His more than ninety movies include Anchors Away and Date With Judy.

1901: As memorial services were held today for the late President William McKinley, approximately five hundred Jews attended services at the Sons of Israel Synagogue, where Rabbi Leventhal led prayers for Teddy Roosevelt who was now President of the United States.

1901: In Charleston, SC, Rabbi B.A. Elzas officiated at the wedding of Sam T. Weil and Hattie Sternberg.

1902: This evening, The British Foreign Office authorized the announcement that his Majesty's Government had communicated with all the signatory powers of the Berlin Treaty with a view to developing their attitude and purpose in relation to the Roumanian Jews, as called to the attention of the powers by United States Secretary of State Hay.”

1903(27^thof Elul, 5663): Seventy year old German Jewish businessman Ernst Jacob Oppert best known for his attempt to use the remains of deceased Korean to create a business advantage, passed away today.

1904(10th of Tishrei, 5665): Yom Kippur

1904: Birthdate of Avot Yeshurun, a Ukrainian born “Israeli poet who wove Arabic and Yiddish idiom into a unique and influential form of Hebrew verse.”

1905: In Zurich communist writer Erich Vallentin and his wife gave birth to Judith Vallentin who as Judith Auer would become a fighter against the Nazis – a stance for which she would be hung in 1944.

1906(29^thof Elul, 5666): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1906: Congregation Temple Israel held services tonight in the Calvary Methodist Episcopal Church because it “had no temple of its own in which to celebrate its Rosh Hashanah services” because “its new temple which being erected at Lenox Avenue and 12^th Street will not be ready until next February.”

1907(11^thof Tishrei, 5668): Sixty-four year old “Major Louis Alexander Gratz,” the son of “Salomon and Henrietta Gratz” passed away today after which he was buried in Knoxville, TN.

1907: After three years, Hyman Liberman completed his service as Mayor of Cape Town.

1908(23^rdof Elul, 5668): Parashat Nitzavim-Vayelich; Leil Selichot

1908: “The Bank of England has had a bad year from a money-making point of view” which Sir Israel Hart, Chairman of the Hart and Levy Company, said was attributed to a singular phase of commerce during which money had been for several months at a low rate and during which there had also been a depression of trade.

1908: Birthdate of Victor Frederick Weisskopf an Austrian-born Jewish American theoretical physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project and then later worked to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons.

http://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/25/obituaries/25WEIS.html

1909(4^thof Tishrei, 5670): Tzom Gedaliah observed

1909: Birthdate of Richard Edward “Dick” Fishel, the star University of Syracuse football player who went to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers, a team in the NFL.

1909: It was reported today that Rabbi A.R. Levy of Chicago “has obtained control of a large track of land in Georgia” which he plans on making available to “Jewish immigrants who want to become farmers.”

1910: In New York City, Bessie Ida Ginsberg and movie producer Jesse Lasky, Sr. gave birth to author Jesse L. Lasky, Jr.

1911: An agreement was reached that ended the strike of garment makers guaranteeing that high fashioned clothing will be available for the fall and winter seasons.  The employers were represented by Julius Henry Cohen and the workers were represented by Meyer London.  Men of the quality of Louis Brandeis and Louis Marshall will serve on the Board of Arbitration established by the settlement.

1911: In London, England the Behtnal Green Board of Guardians reverses its previous decision to reject the bid of Jewish contractors, but the Jews decided not to accept the contract.

1912(8^thof Tishrei, 5673): Mrs. Lina Scheindling passed away today.

1913: David and Eva Cohen, both of whom were buried in the Ahavash Sholom cemetery in Baltimore County, MD, gave birth to Aaron Cohen

1914: Erev Shabbat, the German 9^th Army was formed near Breslau so that it could support its weaker Austrian ally in the fight against the Russians on the Eastern Front.

1915: It was reported today Leon Sanders of President of the Hebrews Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society had spoken at the afternoon Yom Kippur service being held for 100 Jews at the immigration station on Ellis Island on the topic “The Od World and the New.”

1916: It was reported today that the Federation for the Support of Jewish Philanthropic Societies “was organized recently for the purpose of collecting and receiving donations for member society or for equitable distribution among them, it being the idea of the organizers that more could be obtained for philanthropic work through a pooling of interests and that the distribution of benefits would be more businesslike.”  (Editor’s Note – sounds like a one hundred year old description of the reasons for the existence of United Way.)

1916: In New York, Dr. Rachmiel Auerbach, and Sonia Lubove Kamenetsky, a feminist and Labor Zionist gave birth to Hilda Auerbach who gained fame as poet Hilda Morely

http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/hilda-morley

http://www.jstor.org/stable/2928082?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

1917(3rd of Tishrei, 5678): Tzom Gedaliah

1917: Anti-Jewish riots in Tunis cause five Jews to be injured, and their shops pillaged and vandalized.

1917: Furloughs granted to U.S. soldiers and sailors so that they could observe the Jewish New Year came to an end.

1918: The British under General Allenby began the last major offensive against the Turks in that part of the Ottoman Empire that would later include the state of Israel.  The Jewish Brigade would play an active role in this campaign, which would include the conquest of the land east of the Jordan and all the way to Damascus.

1918: In Chicago, Rose Alice Alschuler, the daughter of Charles and Mary Haas, and Alfred Samuel Alschler gave birth to John H. Alschuler

1918: Once again, another Battle of Megiddo begins – this time it is the Ottomans versus the British Imperial forces fighting on the biblical battlefield.

1918: Abraham Blaustein who “immortalized in a poem ‘Blaustein of the Irish” by John O’Keefe was promoted to the rank of Sergeant while serving on the Western Front with the 165^th Regiment which had originally been the 69^thor “Irish” Regiment.

1919: Birthdate of Marek Edelman, “the only son of a family that spoke Yiddish at home and at work” who was a cardiologist and  the last surviving commander of the 1943 Warsaw ghetto uprising against the Germans”  (As reported by Michael Kaufman)

https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/03/world/europe/03edelman.html

1922: In Bogalusa, LA, a lumber mill town on the border with Mississippi, Eva (Singerman) Berenson and Meyer Berenson, who went from peddler to clothing store owner (sound familiar) gave birth to Gerald Sanders Berenson the Tulane University trained cardiologist who was an expert on the relationship between childhood behavior and heart disease. (As reported by Sam Roberts)

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/29/obituaries/dr-gerald-berenson-96-dies-traced-heart-disease-to-childhood.html?action=click&module=Well&pgtype=Homepage&section=Obituaries

1923(9th of Tishrei, 5684): Erev Yom Kippur

1923: This evening, at Kol Nidre services, rabbis made pleas “for a number of Jewish causes” including “the fund for the Jewish Theological Seminary, the Palestine Foundation Fund, the Federation for the Support of Jewish Philanthropic Societies and the American Jewish Relief Committee.”

1924: Today, “at the 7^th Berkshire Festival of Chamber Music, the Lenox Quarter” co-founded by its first violinist Sandor Harmati, “took part in the first performance of “La Belle Dame Sans Merci.”

1925(1^stof Tishrei, 6586): Rosh Hashanah

1925: In “Bread Givers Paints Vivid Scene” published today Fanny Butcher claimed that Bread Givers“a three-volume novel by Anzia Yezierska “narrates the life of poverty in the struggle for success and education calling it a Cinderella story.”

1925: At Temple Ansche Chesed, Dr. Jacob Kohn delivered a sermon on “God and Man as the Builders of a People.”

1925: At the Montefiore Congregation in the Bronx, “Dr. Jacob Katz, the Jewish chaplain at Sing Sing spoke about the significance of the Shofar.”

1925: At Shaary Tefila in Far Rockaway, Dr. Norman Sale told congregates that “The call of the shofar rouses us to self-investigation” compelling “us to hark back to the days of Sinai’s breathless experience.”

1925: At the Institutional Synagogue, Rabbi Herbert S. Goldstein told congregants that “the Jews the world overhear this day the sounding of the Shofar as a call to awake from spiritual lethargy to spiritual zeal and to arouse us to repent and resolve to lead and to live a life full of faith, piety and good deeds.”

1925: At Congregation B’nai Jeshurun, Dr. Israel Goldstein delivered a sermon on “The Jew Today” in which he said, “the most obvious contrast between the conditions of the Jew today and his condition 100 years ago when our congregation was founded is the situation in Palestine, the land of eternal promise.”

1926: Relatives and friends are scheduled to visit Henry Levy, a resident of the United Home for Aged Hebrews in New York today which is his 103^rdbirthday.

1927: In Brooklyn, NY, attorney and WW I veteran Abraham Brown and “Gertrude (Cohen) Brown, a diamond merchant’s bookkeeper” gave birth to Columbia trained physicist Harold Brown, the 14^th United States Secretary of Defense.

1928: “The New Moon,” an operetta with music by Sigmund Romberg and book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, Frank Mandel, and Laurence Schwab opened on Broadway at the Imperial Theatre.

1929: New York attorney Jonah Goldstein and his wife arrived in Palestine aboard the SS Bremen.  Goldstein had been sent by Jewish organizations in the United States to assess the philanthropic needs of the community in Eretz Israel and to report on the real facts behind the Arab violence including the behavior of the British mandatory government.

1929: According to the Jerusalem correspondent of the London Financial News, the total amount of damages from the recent Arab inspired violence in Palestine will exceed five million dollars.  Damages in Hebron are reported to be in excess of three quarters of a million dollars. 

1929: In an article telegraphed tonight, “the Jerusalem correspondent of The Daily Mail reports that continuance of peace ‘hangs by a slender thread.’”  Furthermore the situation is so tense, that the only guarantee of security lies with the presence of a British military presence.

1931: Final session of the 154^th New York State Legislature in which Carol Pack represented the third district of Bronx County in the State Assembly.

1934(10^thof Tishrei, 5695): Yom Kippur

1934: A German carpenter, Bruno Hauptmann, who would be prosecuted by Attorney General David T. Wilentz, the Jewish immigrant from Latvia, was arrested today in connection with the kidnapping of Charles A. Lindbergh, Jr., the infant son of “The Lone Eagle.”

1934: Detroit outfielder and slugger Hank Greenberg refuses to play on Yom Kippur.

1934: Birthdate of Brian Epstein, manager of the Beatles.

1935: “The plight of the Jews in Germany was brought before the League of Nations by the Committee of Jewish Delegations today in an appeal that "the conscience of mankind will not tolerate that Jews should be degraded in this century as pariahs."

1936: Birthdate of Cyril Kitchener Harris, the Glasgow, Scotland native who served as Chief Rabbi of South Africa from 1987 to 2004.

1936: Seventy-five year old Meier Dizengoff, the Mayor of Tel Aviv, is stricken with pneumonia. The illness will prove fatal.

1936: “Dr. Alexander Rosenfeld, vice president of the Maccabee Sports Organization, the governing sports body in Palestine,” today described “an ambitious sports program now under way in Palestine” that has at is objective participation in the 1940 Olympic Games to be held in Japan.

1936: Today “at a meeting of Cabinet Ministers including Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden and Malcolm MacDonald, Dominions…it was decided to delay making a declaration on martial law in Palestine until the situation further develops.”

1936: In Romania, “a military court sentenced five Jews two of whom were women, to ten years’ imprisonment for having shouted ‘Down with fascism!’ during a demonstration on the city’s main street.”

1937: The Palestine Post reported that Palestine Arabs welcomed the statement made by Egyptian Foreign Minister Butrus Ghali Pasha, expressing firm opposition to the country's partition. The Arabs declared that they might boycott the new League of Nations Commission which was expected to come to Palestine for an ad-hoc inquiry on how to effect and determine details of such partition.

1937(14^thof Tishrei, 5698): Erev Sukkot

1937(14^thof Tishrei, 5698): Fifty-nine year old Odessa native Samuel Goldstein, who appeared in English and Yiddish films in the United States from 1912 until 1937 passed away

1938: Two days after he had passed away, a funeral is scheduled to be held today for Pittsburgh attorney A. Leo Weil.

https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1938/09/18/99561926.pdf

1939: German forces occupied the Polish city of Lukow and began killing the local Jews.

1940: Nazi decree forbidding non-Jews to work for Jews in their homes or businesses was promulgated.  This ban included forbidding gentile women from working in Jewish homes, which seems a little odd given the conditions under which the Jews were living by 1940.

1941: In Baltimore, “Phillip Cohen and his wife the former Bessie Levine” gave birth to Ellen Naomi Cass, who changed her name to Cass Elliot and moved to New York and gained fame as Mama Cass singing with the Mamas and the Pappas.

https://jwa.org/thisweek/sep/19/1943/birth-of-mama-cass-elliot

1941: Birthdate of Swiss filmmaker Markus Imhoof who “won a Silver Bear prize…for ‘The Boat is Full’” a movie that portrayed “Switzerland’s decision to send Jewish refugees back to certain death in Germany during World War Two.”

https://www.algemeiner.com/2018/02/23/a-wartime-tragedy-resurfaces-in-berlinale-refugee-study/

1941: Germany captured Kiev. This military victory opened one of the darkest chapters of the Holocaust.

1941(27th of Elul, 5701): Thousands of Jews are murdered at Zhitomir, Ukraine

1941: As per the Nazi decree of September 1, 1941, the Jews of Slovakia, Bohemia, and Moravia are required to wear identifying Yellow Stars.

1942(8^thof Tishrei, 5703): Shabbat Shuva

1942(8^thof Tishrei, 5703): Seventy-five year old Gustav Kahn died today at Treblinka.

1942(8^thof Tishrei, 5703): Seventy-three year old Solomon “Sol” Peyser, the son of Philip Peyser and Natalie Ann Kilinski and the husband of Eva Dux who had served as President of Rodef Shalom in Newport News, VA, passed today following which he was buried in Washington, DC, his hometown.

1942: Three thousand Jews of Tuczyn were ordered into a ghetto. Five days later Germans and Ukrainians raided the ghetto. As resistance is put up by a small band of Jews armed with axes and petrol resisted the attack. Two thousand Jews made their escape to the forests. One thousand of them were found and shot. Three hundred starving women and children came back to the ghetto. In all, only 15 would survive the war.

1942: Today, as captured on film, the local police deported the Jews from Hollerich, Luxemburg.

http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/this_month/september/10.asp

1943: “A resolution calling for "continued and ever-growing collaboration between the Soviet Union and the United States" was adopted unanimously” tonight “by 1,500 persons attending a farewell dinner at the Hotel Commodore in honor of Prof. Solomon Michoels and Lieut. Col. Itzik Feffer, members of the Jewish delegation from the Soviet Union, who are departing after a three-month tour of this country,”

1943: In “A Dramatic Novel-Biography of the Apostle Paul” published today Edward Wagenknecht provided a complete review of The Apostle by the Jewish author Sholem Asch.

1943: The 48^th national convention of the Jewish War Veterans of the United States where the group began its campaign to sell $12,000,000 in war loan bonds came to a closed today in Kiamseha, NY.

1944(2nd of Tishrei, 5705): Rosh Hashanah II

1944: After the Danish polices balked at providing the protection demanded by the Nazis the German army arrested 1,960 policemen and deported them to German concentration and prisoner-of-war camps. (These are the same Danes who a year earlier had rescued most of their Jewish countrymen and took them to Sweden.)

1944(2nd of Tishrei, 5705): Almost the entire population of the Klooga Camp was killed in the German attempt to silence the witnesses. The number included 1,500 Jews and 800 Russian prisoners-of-war.

1944(2^ndof Tishrei, 5705): “A few days before the Soviet army liberated the Klooga slave labor camp in Estonia, the Germans and their Estonian collaborators murdered more than 2,000 Jews”

http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/this_month/september/13.asp

1944: The Continuation War, the sideshow to WW II fought between the Finns and the Soviets came to an end today when the Finns surrendered to the Russians.  The Finns had been forced to ally themselves with the Germans, since the Allies had refused to come to their aid when the Russians invaded the country.  There were Jews serving in Finland’s Army which ironically meant that the Nazis had “Jewish allies.”

1944: In Tel Aviv, Moshe Sneh, one of the leaders of the Haganah and his wife gave birth to Efriam Sneh who would have made any Jewish mother proud since he was both a doctor and a general in the IDF.

1945: Birthdate of musician David Bromberg. Bromberg grew up in Tarrytown, New York. Inspired by the music of Pete Seeger and the Weavers, among others, he began studying the guitar at age 13. After graduating from Tarrytown High School, he enrolled at Columbia University intent on a career as a musicologist. According to one critic, the man who backed up Bob Dylan “fits no pigeonholes. He is part of everything contemporarily musical. He is a product of blues, country, jazz, folk, and classical music. From his early success as a guitar virtuoso, Mr. Bromberg has developed into a brilliant entertainer.”

1945: Eighty-three year old Edward Swann, the New York District Attorney who appointed Rose Rothenberg to serve as the first woman deputy assistant on his staff from which position she “will have special charge of the cases involving girls and women in the local criminal courts.”

1946: “The British proposed an amendment to the Rumanian treaty today which would grant to Jewish victims of Naz-inspired laws and policies full compensation for property osses and other damaged suffered during the period of Rumania’s association with the Axis.”

1947: “Harold Trowb, head of the American Joint Distribution Committee in Vienna, charged tonight that "horrible and shocking" experiments had been made on Jewish children in a Vienna hospital, but the hospital's chief surgeon, Dr. Joseph Zikowski, said the experiments had been "perfectly legal."

1947: “Reliable sources reported” tonight “that the executive of the British Labor party in London had voted to support the majority report of the United Nations Special Committee of Inquiry on Palestine, including its recommendation for partition of the Holy Land.”

1948: Laurence Steinhardt completed his service as U.S. ambassador to Czechoslovakia.

1949: “Eddie Cantor raised $1,253,800 for the United Jewish Appeal” today “at a luncheon meeting in the Commodore Hotel” which “added to $1,800,000 previously contributed since the actor started a "barnstorming" cross-country tour to raise $5,000,000 toward the national appeal goal of $250,000,000, this brings his total to $3,053,800.”

1950: More than one thousand peoples including the acting Mayor of New York, Foreign Minister Sharett, Ambassador “Aubrey Eban, Counsel General Arthur Lourie, a delegation of the city’s jurists and leaders of the Jewish community attended funeral services led by Rabbi Edward E. Klein for City Magistrate and Zionist leader Morris Rothenberg at the Stephen S. Wise Free Syngagouge.

1950: CBS broadcast the first episode of “Danger” a drama anthology series for which Sidney Lumet directed “hundreds of episodes.

1950: “The Toast of New Orleans” a musical directed by Norman Taurog, produced by Joe Pasternak, with a script co-authored by Sy Gomberg and music by Nicholas Brodszky premiered in New Orleans.

1951: The Israeli Cabinet approved submitting an offer to sign non-aggression pacts with her four Arab neighbors to the United Nations Palestine Conciliation Commission meeting in Paris.

1951: The 37^th annual convention of Hadassah comes to a close in Atlantic City, NJ.  During the convention, Mrs. Samuel W. Halprin, national president of Hadassah, presented “an analysis of the future role of the Zionist movement and the stand taken on various controversial issues that were discussed at the World Zionist Congress.”  Mrs. Halprin had led the 32 member Hadassah delegation to that recently held meeting.

1951: According to a survey conducted by the government of Israel that was released today, ‘rationed and other available supplies constituting Israel’s austerity food basket in 1950 provided adequate nourishment…However, part of the public faced malnutrition because it could not afford buy all the supplies to which it is entitled or because it rejected part of the austerity diet because of food habits.”  The team used the consumption of 2,400 calories as the baseline and a quarter of those interviewed in the sample consumed 2,400 or fewer calories per day.  [Ed. Note: For those who have only known Israel as prosperous nation with a reasonably high standard of living, it may come as a shock that economic privation was the order of the day during much of state’s early years of existence.]

1952(29^thof Elul, 5712): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1952: The Jerusalem Post announced that Dr. E.F. Shinnar, who led the Israeli delegation to the reparation talks at The Hague, was expected to accept the post of the head of the Israeli Reparations Purchasing Mission in Germany. He had just completed successful negotiations with British oil companies concerning regular oil deliveries to Israel from German sterling credits placed at Israel's disposal for the next two years.

1952: The US bars Charlie Chaplin from reentering the country after a trip to England

1952: Television debut of “The Adventures of Superman” – the small screen version of the legendary hero created by two Jewish boys, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster in 1938.

1954: “The seventh season of Philco Television Playhouse began” tonight with a performance of Paddy Chafefsky’s “Middle of the Night” which would open on Broadway in 1956 with Edward G. Robinson (born Emanuel Goldenberg) in the leading male role.

1955(3^rdof Tishrei, 5716): Tzom Gedaliah

1956: Birthdate of Dr. Jodi Magness, the holder of a B.A. in Archaeology and History from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem “the Kenan Distinguished Professor for Teaching Excellence in Early Judaism at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill who has overseen “digs” at Masada, Khirbet Yattir, Yotvata and Huqoq.

http://jodimagness.org/

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/07/150717-mosaics-synagogue-israel-magness-discovery-archaeology/

1956: ITV broadcast the first episode of “The Buccaneers” a dramatic series co-produced by Hannah Weinstein.

1956: Birthdate of Cairo native Lucette Matalon Lagnado, the Wall Street Journal reporter and wife of fellow journalist Douglas Feiden.

https://www.wsj.com/articles/longtime-journal-reporter-lucette-lagnado-dies-at-62-11562885316

1958: ITV broadcast the first episode of “The Larkins” starring David Kossoff.

1960(27^thof Elul, 5720): Seventy-year old Gerald Rufus Isaacs, 2nd Marquess of Reading the British barrister who held several positions under Prime Ministers Churchill and Eden including Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and was the husband of Eva Violet Mond, the daughter of the 1^st Baron Melchett passed away today leaving the way open for his son Michael to assume his titles.

1961(9^thof Tishrei, 5722): Kol Nidre is chanted for the first time during the Presidency of John Kennedy.

1961: NBC broadcast the first episode of “Cain’s Hundred,” a crime series with scripts by Eliot Asinof, Fred Freiberg, directed by Irvin Kershner, Sydney Pollack and Boris Sagal, and featuring appearances by Edward Asner, Martin Balsam, Sammy Davis, Jr., Jack Klugman, Leonard Nimoy, Norman Fell and Don Rickles.

1963(1^stof Tishrei, 5724): Rosh Hashanah

1963: In Rye, UK, Sarah Venetia d'Avigdor-Goldsmid, the daughter of Sir Henry Joseph d'Avigdor-Goldsmid, 2nd Baronet, DSO and Rosemary Margaret d'Avigdor-Goldsmid passed away today in a sailing mishap.

http://www.kentlive.news/church-window-reveals-artist-s-grief-child/story-18812925-detail/story.html

1963:  The Dodgers' regular rotation called for Sandy Koufax to work the last game. But Koufax refused because he does not pitch on the Jewish holidays.  

1964(13^thof Tishrei, 5725): Parashat Ha’Azinu

1964(13^thof Tishrei, 5725): Fifty-four year old Mannheim, Germany native and Heidelberg trained attorney Frank L. Auerbach who in 1938 fled Nazi Germany and came to the United States where he earned a Masters in Social Work from Columbia and became an expert on immigration law while raising two sons – Ernest and Steven – with his wife Gertrude passed away today.

https://www.nytimes.com/1964/09/22/archives/frank-auerbach-us-official-dies-expert-in-immigration-law-came-here.html

1964: U Michael Roemer’s “Nothing But a Man” co-starring Yaphet Kotto was released todau at the New York Film Festival.

1966(5^thof Tishrei, 5727): Seventy-one year old Frank J. Cohen, the dentist who served as director of the “Lavenburg-Corner Youth House” and a “Consultant on Community Relations” with NYU passed away today in his native New York City.

1968: U.S. Premiere of William Wyler’s “Funny Girl” a musical based on the life of Fanny Brice starring Barbra Streisand.

1968(26th of Elul, 5728): One member of the IDF was killed and 4 of his comrades were wounded in a terrorist ambush near Jenin.

1969: “Marlowe” a detective movie reminiscent of the 1940’s genre featuring music by Peter Matz was released in Germany today.

1969: Time publishes “The War and the Woman”

http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901451,00.html#paid-wall

1970: “There Was A Crooked Man” a dark, comedic western directed and produced by Joseph Mankiewicz and starring Kirk Douglas was released in France today.

1971(29^thof Elul, 5731): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1971: William F. Albright passes away at the age of 80. This American Methodist archaeologist was Professor of Semitic languages at Johns Hopkins for nearly 30 years, he penned over 1,000 articles and books, and led several Near Eastern expeditions which excavated the biblical sites of Gibeah, Bethel and Petra. Albright was not Jewish, but his work has certainly had its impact on our understanding of how the ancient Israelites might have lived.

1972(11th of Tishrei, 5733): A parcel bomb sent to Israeli Embassy in London kills one diplomat.

1974: Drummer Max “Weinberg's first public performance came today, at The Main Point in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.”

1975: “Alexander Slepak, 23, elder son of Moscow activist Vladimir Slepak, was sent to prison on charges of “loitering.”

1975: In France, Jews begin a weeklong show of solidarity with the Jews in the Soviet Union.

1976(24th of Elul, 5736): Proving that some people never really retire, Rabbi Moses J. Shragowitz of Congregation Knesset Tifereth Israel in Port Chester, N.Y., passed away today in Glenville, Conn., while conducting a memorial service. He was 81 years old and had served the Port Chester congregation since 1937.

1976(24^th of Elul, 5536): Ninety year old Yehezkel Abrmasky, the Lithuanian born rabbi who served five years in Siberia for opposing Stalin before arriving in London where he served as head of the United Synagogue’s Beth Din from 1935 to 1951 and then retired in Jerusalem, passed away today.

1977: The Jerusalem Post reported that fund-raisers abroad agreed to help Prime Minister Menachem Begin to finance housing for 45,000 Israeli families living in sub-standard flats. Begin asked the UJA contributors to double their efforts in honor of the state's 30th anniversary.

1977: Ed Koch won the Democratic Mayoral Runoff Primary today.

1977: At a meeting between President Carter and Foreign Minister Dayan in Washington, Carter renewed his opposition to any more settlements on the West Bank.

1980(9^thof Tishrei, 5741): Erev Yom Kippur

1980: “Ordinary People” co-starring Judd Hirsh, featuring Dinah Manoff, with music by Marvin Hamlisch was released in the United States today by Paramount Pictures.

1980: “Fifty-three year old Moscow refusenik Dmitri Shchiglik, a mechanical engineer, was sentenced to one year imprisonment on charges of “parasitism.”

1980: “Melvin and Howard” a comedy written by Bo Goldman was released today in the United States by Universal Pictures.

1981: Simon and Garfunkel reunited for a concert in New York City's Central Park.

1981: The American Jewish Theater at the 92d Street Y is scheduled open its new season of five plays today with a revival of Heinar Kipphardt's ''In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer,'' directed by Robert Brink.

1982(2nd of Tishrei, 5743): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1984: NBC broadcast “Highway to Heaven,” created by, directed by and starring Michael Landon.

1984: Birthdate of Danny Valencia the Miami native who played baseball at UNC, Greensboro and the University of Miami before being drafted by the Minnesota Twins in 2010.

1986: “Where the River Runs Black” an American movie filmed entirely in Brazil produced by Joe Roth was released today in the United States.

1988: Israel launched its first satellite for secret military reconnaissance.

1990(29^thof Elul, 5750): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1990: “An angry debate between opinion-page columnists took an unusual turn” today “when the New York Post attack Patrick J. Buchanan in an editorial next to his column” in which “The Post said that ‘when it comes to Jews a group,’ Mr. Buchanan ‘betrays an all-too-familiar hostility’” which A.M. Rosenthal had previously labeled as anti-Semitism.

1991: NBC broadcast the first episode of the 8^th and final season “The Cosby Show” created by Ed. Weinberger today.

1993(4th of Tishrei, 5754): Since the 3^rd of Tishrei fell on Shabbat Tzom Gedaliah is observed today.

1994: Abner J. Mikva completed his service as Chief Judge of United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.

1995(23^rdof Elul, 5755): Eighty-eight year old Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls, the award winning “Jewish German-born British physicist who played a major role in the Manhattan Project and Tube Alloys, Britain's nuclear program” who was described as "a major player in the drama of the eruption of nuclear physics into world affairs passed away today.

http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Peierls.html

https://www.atomicheritage.org/profile/rudolf-peierls

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-sir-rudolf-peierls-1602308.html

1996: NBC broadcast the first episode of Season Six of “Seinfeld” this evening.

1997: “In & Out” a comedy produced by Scott Rudin, written by Paul Rudnick with music by Marc Shaiman was released by Paramount Pictures today.

1997: “Hacks” a movie about script writing featuring Tom Arnold and  Lisa Kudrow was released today in the United States.

1999: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including Waging Peace: Israel and the Arabs at the End of the Century by Itamar Rabinovich, The Schools Our Children Deserve: Moving Beyond Traditional Classrooms and Tougher Standards by Alfie Kohn and A Joyful Noise: Claiming the Songs of My Fathersby Deborah Weisgall. In this case the father was “her father, the modernist opera composer Hugo Weisgall, who was born in Bohemia but grew up largely in America; like so many European Jews, he lost family during World War II, but he also served as an American G.I. and bore specific scars from helping to liberate Terezin.”

2000: “Protected by hundreds of policemen who all but sealed off a Moscow neighborhood, President Vladimir V. Putin visited the site of a bombed-out synagogue tonight to dedicate a $12 million Jewish community center -- a stone-and-glass demonstration, he said, of a new era of tolerance in Russia.” (As reported by Michael Wines)

2001(2^ndof Tishrei, 5762): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

2001: In “Challenging the Vatican On Role in Anti-Semitism” published today Richard Bernstein provided a detailed review of The Pope Against the Jews: The Vatican's Role in the Rise of Modern Anti-Semitism by David I. Kertze

https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/19/books/books-of-the-times-challenging-the-vatican-on-role-in-anti-semitism.html?searchResultPosition=1

2002(12^thof Tishrei, 5763): Shoshana (Rosanna) Siso, 63, of Gan Yavneh; Ofer Zinger, 29, of Moshav Petza'el; Solomon Hoenig, 79, of Tel Aviv; Yossi Mamistavlov, 39 of Or Yehuda; Yaffa Shemtov, 49, of Tel Aviv and Jonathan (Yoni) Jesner, 19, of Glasgow, Scotland were murdered and 70 more people were injured when a Palestinian terrorists set off a bomb aboard a bus on Allenby Street as passed in front of the Great Synagogue in Tel Aviv.

2002: Dr. Samuel H. Rosalsky sent an e-mail in which he acknowledged that Judge Otto Rosalsky, his “grandfather’s cousin” “was a very tough NYC judge who was embarrassed that so many of those brought before him were “his fellows Jews” and “threw the book at them” in a successful effort to clean “up the Jewish community at turn of the century,” establishing “a community sense of ethics that heretofore had not existed.”

2003: In a letter of this date, Kenneth Jacobson, Associate National Director Anti-Defamation League reported the acceptance of Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi’s apology for his comment that Benito Mussolini was a benign dictator and expressed regret for the pain it caused the Jewish community. 

September 20

357 B.C.E.: Birthdate of Alexander the Great.  Alexander's eastern conquests would bring the Jews in contact with Greek Culture.  The conflict between Greek and Jewish values would become a dominant motif in Jewish history over the next several centuries.  The Jewish view of Alexander was positive, if somewhat idealized.

1187: Saladin begins the Siege of Jerusalem.  When the siege ended in October, the Moslems recaptured the city leading to the near collapse of Christian control in the Holy Land. Saladin allowed the Jews to return to the City of David from which they had been banned by the Christian Crusaders. (Did they realize that this meant Jesus would not have been able to live in Jerusalem?)  Saladin’s victory would lead to the Third Crusade.

1540: The first auto da fe in Lisbon of those forcibly converted to Christianity (conversos) is held. The term auto da fe literally means act of faith.  In point of fact it was a public execution in the form of a burning at the stake.

1563: Maximilian II whose reign was “a golden age for the Jews in Prague” became King of Bohemia

1590: French playwright and poet Robert Garnier, the author of Les Juives, passed away. “Les Juives is the moving story of the barbarous vengeance of Nebuchadnezzar on the Jewish king Zedekiah and his children. The Jewish women lamenting the fate of their children take a principal part in this tragedy, which, although almost entirely elegiac in conception, is singularly well designed, and gains unity by the personality of the prophet.”

 1701: In Great Britain, Bevis Marks Synagogue inaugurated.

 “Situated in the City of London, just off the ancient thoroughfare of Bevis Marks, the Synagogue was opened in 1701 and the oldest still in use in Britain. Jews first arrived in England with William the Conqueror, but following an edict of Edward I, were expelled from England in 1290. For more than 350 years there were no Jewish communities or places of worship in Britain. In Catholic countries the cruelties of the Inquisition forced some Jews to convert outwardly to Catholicism whilst, in secret, adhering to the faith of their fathers. In the early 17th century some of these crypto-Jews, known as Marranos', came from Portugal via Hamburg or Amsterdam, to settle in the City of London. But they were still forbidden to practice their religion openly. In 1655 a group of such Jews addressed a petition to Oliver Cromwell, requesting freedom to worship and to re-admit Jews to England. Cromwell gave tacit approval and, as a result, in 1656 the upper floor of a house in Creechuch Lane (a stone's throw from Bevis Marks) was opened for use as a place of worship. Towards the end of the century a new synagogue was planned on the Bevis Marks site. Construction was entrusted in 1699 to Joseph Avis, a Quaker, and the building was completed in 1701 at a cost of £2650; it is said that Mr. Avis refused to make a profit from building a house of God and returned all surplus money to the Congregation. It is also believed that Princess (Later Queen) Anne presented an oak beam from a Royal Navy ship for use as a roof support for the Synagogue building. In 1992 and 1993 the Synagogue suffered great damage from terrorist bomb attacks on the City of London. Nearly £200,000 was raised by donation and has since been spent in repairing and renovating the structure to return it to its former glory. As it approaches its tercentenary, the Bevis Marks Synagogue appears much as it did on its opening day in 1701.”

1721: Thomas Dogget, the Anglo-Irish actor who played “the role” of Shylock “comically, even farcically” passed away.  (Dogget was one of a whole host of actors who played the role of the Jew without ever knowing any of them)

1725: In Moravia, a fine of 1,000 ducats “was imposed on anyone who allowed Jews to come into possession of real estate, particularly customhouses, mills, wool-shearing sheds, and breweries.” (As reported by Jewish Virtual Library)

1741: Handel completed the first act of “Samson,” a work based on the Biblical figure described in the Book of Judges.

1755(15^thof Tishrei, 5516): Sukkot and Shabbat observed as the French-Indian War continues for a second year.

1761: On the exact anniversary of the first auto-de-fe in Portugal, Gabriel Malagrida was burned alive on the Terreiro do Paço at Lisbon. He was to be the last victim burned in Portugal at any auto-de-fe.

1763: In London, Joseph Gompertz and Esther Moses gave birth to Lion Gomperts, the husband of Rebecca Salomons.

1775: Maria Theresa issued an order allowing Jews to “keep tanneries” which was the third of three orders that would appear to show a desire to improve the economic conditions of the Jews

1773(3^rdof Tishrei, 5534): Tzom Gedaliah observed as the Russo-Tukish War drags on for a fifth year.

1779(10^thof Tishrei, 5540): Yom Kippur

1779: Birthdate of Jacob Baiz, the native of Bayonne, France and Leah Baiz who eventually settled in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands.

1779: Birthdate of Karl Streckfuss, the Prussian privy council who in 1833 wrote a treatise, “On the Relation of the Jews to the Christian States” in which he expressed reluctance “to recommend a universal emancipation because of the alleged moral and deficiencies of the common type of Jew. (As reported by Jacob Katz)

1789(29th of Elul, 5549): Erev Rosh Hashanah observed for the first time during the Presidency of George Washington.

1796: Thirty-three-year old York, PA native Reuben Etting and twenty-five year old Philadelphia native Frances Gratz gave birth to Isabella Etting who died before reaching the age of four.

1797(29^thof Elul, 5557): Erev Rosh Hashanah observed for the first time during the Presidency of John Adams.

1798(10^thof Tishrei, 5559): Yom Kippur

1798: Birthdate of Philipp Freiherr von Schey Koromla, the native of Guns who became a successful businessman and was the first Hungarian born Jew to become a member of the Austrian nobility.

1800(1^stof Tishrei, 5561): Rosh Hashanah observed for the last time during the Presidency of John Adams.

1800: As of this Rosh Hashanah, Rabbi Nachman had returned from Palestine where he had lived since 1789 and had taken up residence in Zlatopol where the resident had asked him to name the leader for the High Holiday Services.

1800: Moses David Friedman, the son of Dawid Friedman and Rachel Friedman gave birth to Abraham Friedman.

1804(15^thof Tishrei, 5565) First Day of Sukkoth

1804: In Virginia, L. Joseph & Company is scheduled to closed today because of “their uniform practice to do no business on days ordained by Mosaic Law to be holy.”

1811(2^ndof Tishrei, 5572): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah observed 8 days after the “perihelion passage” of the Great Comet of 1811

1812: A.M. Rothschild is buried next to ancestor Iassk Elchanan who died in 1585.  Elchanan was the first one whose tombstone was marked with the emblem of a shield which gave rise to the Red Shield.

1817(10^th of Tishrei, 5578): Yom Kippur

1817: In Bernberg, Saxony, Nathanael Reichenheim and Zipora Cäcilie Reichenheim gave birth to Ferdinand Reichenheim the husband of Fanny Reichenheim.

1819(1^st of Tishrei, 5580): Rosh Hashanah

1819: Introduction of the reactionary Carlsbad Decrees which were adopted during the anti-Semitic  Hep-Hep riots which came to end in October.

1820: Mark Jacob Nordon married Jane Arrobus at the Western Synagogue today.

1821(23^rd of Elul, 5581): Fifty-nine-year old Eleazer Elizer, the Newport, RI born son of Isaac Elizer, who served as Justice of the Peace and as Postmaster in Greenville, SC passed away today in Greenville, SC.

1825: In Essex, Catherine Phillips and Laurence Lazarus gave birth to Caroline Lazarus, the wife of George Mark Simmons with whom she had nine children.

1825: Simeon Oppenheim and his wife gave birth to Samuel S. Oppenheim “one of the founders and a member of the Building Committee and Board of Management of the New West End Synagogue in London who worked on charitable activities with Rabbi Isaac M. Wise of Cincinnati.

1828: Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Kalisher, the Posen born “son of Salomon and Rahel Gutel Kalischer and his wife Henrietta gave birth to Amalie Kalischer who became Amalie Grunberg when she married Moritz Grunberg with whom she had three children.

1831: Birthdate of German native Julius Levis, the husband of Henrietta Emilie with whom he had five children.

1836(9^th of Tishrei 5597): Erev Yom Kippur; Kol Nidre chanted to the last time during the Presidency of Andrew Jackson.

1837: Julius Singer married Rika Woolf at the New Synagogue today.

1838(1^st of Tishrei, 5599): Rosh Hashanah

1838: Birthdate of Nathan Barnet, the native of Pozan who became mayor of Patterson, NJ and was a founder of the Miriam Barnet Hebrew Free School.

1838: Birthdate of Lowell, MA native and Episcopal priest William Reed Huntington who on the first anniversary of the Kishinev massacres when “thousands of Jews were marching up Broadway” approached Grace Church “appeared bareheaded at its portals and remained there until the people passed while the church bells tolled” showing “that the typical American Christian clergyman is of a different type to the priests who bigotry is largely responsible for the persecuting spirit in Russia…”

1846(29^th of Elul, 5606): Erev Rosh Hashanah observed on the same day as the start of the Battle of Monterrey during the Mexican-American War.

1847(10th of Tishrei, 5608): Yom Kippur observed a week after American forces entered Mexico City marking the end of the combat phase of the Mexican-American War.

1848: Creation of The American Association for the Advancement of Science whose Jewish members have included Stephen Jay Gould, American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist and historian of science who served as the organization’s president in 2000.

1850: “Emperor Franz Joseph remitted the war-tax today but ordered that the Jews of Hungary without distinction should contribute toward a Jewish school fund of 1,000,000 gulden; a sum they raised within a few years.”

1851: Birthdate of British playwright Henry Arthur Jones, author of “Judah” in 1890 and “The Triumph of the Philistines” in 1895.

https://archive.org/details/triumphphilisti00jonegoog

1856: During the week ending today, of the 461 people who died in New York, only one of them died at The Jew's Hospital.

1862: Today, President Lincoln wrote a little of recommendation “Issachar Zacharie…his Jewish podiatrist” in which said “Dr. Zacharie has, with great dexterity, take some troublesome corns from toes” and is now treating me” with some success “for what plain people call back ache.”

1863: Birthdate of Beilitz, Austria native Nathan Michnik, the son of Joseph Michnik who earned his rabbinical diploma from Rabbi Simon Schreiber at Cracow, Galicia before going to lead congregations in Springfield, IL, Helena, Mt, Huntsville AL, Jonesboro, AR and Port Gibson before becoming the rabbi of Beth Israel in Woodville, Mississippi.

1863: During the American Civil War, the 15^thRegiment Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry, a Union unit that had been formed under the command of Lt. Col. Gabriel Netter left Paducah, Kentucky, and headed for McLemoresville, Tennessee. (Netter was one of several Jews to serve as ranking officer in the U.S. Army)

1865(29th of Elul, 5625): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1865: Today's “City News” column reported that “This evening the series of annual Jewish holidays commences. The first of these is known as Rosh Hashanah, (the New-Year.) It begins this evening and terminates on Friday night. The origin of the festival is given in Leviticus xxiii., 23, 24, 25. Though not one of the three great festivals on which the male population of Israel was to appear before the Lord, it is nevertheless considered as one of the first among the principal holidays, and as such has ever been celebrated by the Sons of Jacob. A peculiar rite of this festival is the blowing of trumpets, and this is not only observed, but the hearing of the same is obligatory on all Jews. With this festival begins an era called the ten days of repentance, which is terminated by the Yom Kippur, (Day of Atonement.) This festival of New-Year is observed very strictly by the Israelites of this city, no business being transacted, and the synagogues being thronged by hundreds of devout worshipers.”

1866(11^th of Tishrei, 5627): “Lithuanian Talmudist and Hebraist Judah Judel Ben Benjamin Scherschewski” who was “employed in one of the business establishments in Wilna, where, in his spare hours, he occupied himself reading rabbinical works and studying the literature of the haskalah movement” before being “appointed teacher of Talmud and rabbinics in the rabbinical seminary of Wilna, which position he held he passed away today.

http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13259-scherschewski-judah-judel-ben-benjamin

1867: One day after she had passed away, 68 year old Elizabeth Marks was buried today at the “West Ham Jewish Cemetery.”

1868(4^th of Tishrei, 5629): Tzom Gedaliah for the last time during the Presidency of Andrew Johnson

1869(15^th of Tishrei, 5630): Sukkoth is observed for the first time during the Presidency of U.S. Grant.

1870: During the fight for the unification of Italy, Victor Emanuel seized the Capitol city of Rome. This victory would lead to the end of Rome’s Ghetto which had stood for three centuries.

1874: Vice President Jesse Seligman chaired today’s regular meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Hebrew Benevolent and Orphan Asylum Society of New York.  The trustees unanimously adopted a motion challenging the veracity of charges of mismanagement which had first appeared in the Era magazine and then were reprinted in the New York Times.  The motion referred to the charges as “false and malicious” stating that they were made out of “animosity and malice” aimed at the chief officer of the society.  The motion called for the establishment of an independent committee to investigate the charges and report on their “truth or falsity.”

http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9900EEDD1E39EF34BC4D51DFBF66838F669FDE

1874(9th of Tishrei, 5635): Erev of Yom Kippur

1874: Dr. Solomon Adler, the senior rabbi and Dr. Gustav Gottheil, his assistant, will deliver sermons in German and English during the Kol Nidre Serve at Temple Emanu-el, the major Reform congregation in New York City.

1875(16^th of Tishrei, 5546): Second Day of Sukkoth observed on the same that the Japanese scored a victory over the Koreans on Ganghwa, Island.

1876(2^nd of Tishrei, 5636): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah observed for the last time during the Presidency of U.S. Grant.

1879: In San Antonio, TX, Solomon and “Fannie Levi Halff” gave birth to “radio station operator Godchaux Adolph Cremieux Halff

1880(15^th of Tishrei, 5649): First Day of Sukkoth observed for the last time during the Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes.

1881: It was reported today that 116 Russian Jews have left Antwerp bound for New York.

1881: Vice President Chester A. Arthur was sworn in as President following the death of President Garfield. In 1882, during Arthur’s single term as President, the United States finally ratified the Red Cross Treaty enabling the American Red Cross to join the international body.  President Arthur appointed Adolphus Simeon Solomons as one of three delegates to represent the country at the Geneva Congress, where he was elected vice-president. This was one of the earliest moves to give an American Jew a prominent position in public affairs. Solomons had been a driving force behind the creation of the American Red Cross.  It was at his home that a proposal was approved to form the Association of the American Red Cross and incorporate it in Washington, D.C.Solomons was born in New York where he began a printing business which he would later move to Washington, D.C. and expand into a full-scale publishing house. A Civil War veteran, Solomons worked to establish numerous institutions that would aide both the general population and the Jewish community.  He helped establish the first school for nurses in Washington and one of the first shelters for homeless men.  He helped to establish Mt. Sinai Hospital and the Russian Jews Immigrant Aid Society.

1882: In MIscolcz,, Hungary, Rivka and Yehuda Leib Marmorstein gave birth to Avraham (Arthur) Marmorstein the holder of a PhD from the University of Heidelberg and S.A. Hirsch’s successor as the “lecturer in Talmud, Codes and Bible at Jews College whose son Bruno, while serving as a Captain in the British Army “helped to liberate Belsen.”

1883: Birthdate of Albrecht Alt, the German theologian who wrote “Israel and Egypt” as part of his doctoral and who served as the Provost at the Evangelical Redeemer Church in Jerusalem.

1884(1^stof Tishrei, 5645): Rosh Hashanah

1884: In Leadville, CO, Temple Israel celebrated the Jewish New Year for the first time in its brand new building.

1884: In New Orleans, “Isadore Levin Danziger” and “Amelia Amanda Dreyfous Danziger” gave birth to Tulane University trained lawyer Alfred David Danziger who served as Assistant State Attorney General.

1984: In San Francisco, opera singer Julie Rosewald led the music service at Temple Emanu-El making her the first woman to perform the Rosh Hashanah liturgy.

http://jwa.org/thisweek/sep/20/1884/julie-rosewald

1884: “Forced Out Of Business” published today, described the demise of Rindskopf Brothers & Co.  The company, which began operating in Cincinnati in 1854 before moving to New York in1866 was forced into bankruptcy by its inability to obtain financing during the economic downturn as well as its failure to change its business practices. Morris Rindskopf, one of the principles of the company, is a well-known philanthropist who is the treasurer of the Hebrew Orphan Asylum and the United Hebrew Charities neither of which are involved in nor threatened by the bankruptcy.

1885: “Dr. Pusey’s Daniel” published today provides a detailed review of Daniel the Prophet, a compilation of nine lectures delivered at Oxford by E. B. Pusey.

1885: Rachel Davis and Joseph Lipkie gave birth to Lionel Lipkie.

1887(2^ndof Tishrei, 5647): 2^nd Day of Rosh Hashanah

1887: Birthdate of Ette Levy who would be buried 73 years later in Natchitoches, LA

1888(15^thof Tishrei, 5649): Sukkoth

1890: In Columbus, Ohio, “Fred and Rose Eichberg Lazarus” gave birth to department store executive Robert Lazarus, the husband of Hattie Weiler Lazarus with whom he had five children.

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/02/06/archives/robert-lazarus-sr-executive-of-federated-stores-dies-at-82.html

1890: Birthdate of poet RachelBluwstein Sela, Zionist lyric poet known as “Rachel the Poet.” She died at the age of 41. Flowers of Perhaps: Selected Poems of Rachel is an English translation of some of her works.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_Bluwstein#/media/File:RahelGrave.JPG

1890: In Vienna, a sub-Lieutenant started beating an old Jew before he was stopped by a Prussian officer who turned him over to a police officer.

1890: Misses Ella and J.M. Drefyus were among the passengers who arrived in New York aboard the SS La Champagne.

1890: “City and Suburban News” published today described plans that Anarchist Johann Most has announced for a mass meeting at the Labor Lyceum to be held on Yom Kippur designed to mock the Day of Atonement.

1891: Rabbi H. P. Mendes delivered the sermon at the dedicatory services for the new synagogue on Staten Island in Richmond Turnpike, Tompkinsville which were attended by approximately 350 people.

1891: In New York, the Addison Literary Society hosted a debate styled “Resolved that the civilized nations of the world should enter a protest against Russia’s barbarous treatment of her Jewish subjects.”

1891: In Milville, NJ, the lockout at the Flint and Green Glass Works of Whitall, Tatum & Co which came in response to a strike sparked by the employment 14 Jews entered its second day.

1892: In Zutphen, Holland, a Polish shoemaker and his wife gave birth to Joseph Lefkowitz who gained fame as Joseph Leftwitch, the Anglo-Jewish critic who was one of the “Whitechapel Boys”, the author of a biography of Israel Zangwill and the creator of the Golden Peacock.

http://www.jta.org/1983/03/07/archive/joseph-leftwich-dead-at-90

1892: In Fort Worth, TX an unidentified Jewish merchant was accidently shot in the leg by Ollie Bowles who was trying to shoot the man who had just been acquitted of trying to murder him.

1892: An unnamed Jewish resident of Chicago wrote a letter to former President Grover Cleveland who was running for President expressing his gratitude for the statements of support for the Jews of Russia in the platform of the Democratic Party.

1892: Birthdate of Zutphen, Holland native Joseph Lefkowitz, a resident of the London’s East End and school dropout who gained fame as journalist Joseph Leftwich, a correspondent for the Jewish Telegraphic Agency and the Palestine Post whose books included The Golden Peacock and What Will Happen to the Jews?”

1893(10^thof Tishrei, 5654): Yom Kippur

1893: The Hebrew Anarchist continued their tradition of mocking the observance of Yom by holdholding balls and enjoying other entertainments.  This year’s events were held at the Clarendon Hall where attendees paid fifteen cents to enjoy the speeches and merriment.

1893: Rabbi Louis Lustig and his congregation will not be worshiping at their usual house of prayer at 180 Rivington Street because of a fire that broken out at eleven o’clock last night after Kol Nidre Services.

1895(2^ndof Tishrei, 5656): 2^nd day Rosh Hashanah

1895: The Russian Jews who arrived in Norwich, Ct yesterday from Quebec and are planning to take a steamer to New York City that they are following this “round-about route…to escape the rigid Custom House inspection” that greets immigrants who arrive in New York from Europe.

1895: “Silver Dollar” Smith, a Jewish saloon owner and member of the Tammany machine went looking for William Smith in an attempt to get him to press charges against Martin Engel, a Tammany leader.

1896: A new Charles Frohman melodrama is scheduled to open in Boston today which will eventually be brought to New York

1897: Birthdate of Chicago native Burton Stanley Bachman, the Northwestern alum who served in the military during WW I.

1898: Colonel Dreyfus was released from prison on Devil's Island. This is the famous Dreyfus of "The Dreyfus Fair" that rocked France and provided the impetus for Theodore Herzl to become the father of modern Zionism.

1898:Herzl began a journey that would take him to Paris, The Hague and London on business of the Jewish Colonial Trust (Bank).

1899: Twenty-three year old Washington University trained attorney, Benjamin F. Koperlik, the St. Louis born son of Isaac and Anna (Lowenstein) Koperlik married Hattie Levy today after which he settle in Pueblo Colorado where he served as President of Temple Emanu-El.

1899: In Prussia, “Hugo Strauss and Jennie Strauss, née David” gave birth to American philosopher, Leo Strauss.

https://leostrausscenter.uchicago.edu/

https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/on-leo-strauss/

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/10/21/archives/dr-leo-strauss-scholar-is-dead-fiddling-and-burning-taught-in.html

1899: French President Emile Loubet pardoned Dreyfus.

1899: In Kirchhain (Prussia), Hugo and Jennie Strauss gave birth to German-American political philosopher Leo Strauss

1899: After hiding out in a villa with his anti-Semitic comrades, Max Regis, the former mayor of the city and “a notorious Jew baiter” went into Algiers “stirring up anti-Jewish demonstrations, during which the windows of several shops owned by Jews were smashed.

1900: Nathan Straus’s Alvez raced successfully today at the Speedway.

1901: “New Jersey Honors President’s Memory” published today described services held in houses of worship all over the Garden State including the Camden’s Sons of Israel Synagogue attended by 500 Jews who heard speeches by Joseph Roterman , Frank Auerbach and Rabbi Leventhal from Philadelphia.

1901: Birthdate of Vilna native and Brooklyn Law School trained attorney Charles Abrams who gained fame as an urban planner and expert on public housing.

https://www.nytimes.com/1970/02/23/archives/charles-abrams-worldwide-housing-expert-dies-lawyer-author-68.html

1902: Louis and Emma Sachs gave birth to Solomon Sachs who was murdered by the Nazis at Sobibor.

1903: “Jewish Holiday Season” published today described the “Quaint and Ancient Ceremonies for the New Year” and the “customs in the Orthodox and Reformed Congregations” marking the “period of observance from Rosh Hashanah to Succoth.

https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1903/09/20/118494719.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0

1904: The Times of London Russian correspondents “says that the Russian legal journal Pravo subjects to very severe criticism the recent modifications of the legislation relating to Jews” which are “concessions” that can be ascribed “to secure during the war” with Japan "the greatest possible measure of internal peace.”

1905: On New York’ east side Lewis Lebowitz has sold a six-story tenement at 55 Cannon Street to David and Nathan Stein.

1906(1st of Tishrei, 5667): Rosh Hashanah

1906(1^st of Tishrei, 5667): Seventy-nine year old, George Bazett Colwin Leverson, the Middlesex born of Elizabeth Moses and Montague Leverson passed away today.

1907: Journalist Elias Tobenkin, married Rae Schwid Tobenkin, who came to the United States from Russia in 1898 and who was the mother of Paul Tobenkin, “a member of the editorial staff of the New York Harold Tribune.”

1907:  The first Neiman Marcus department store opens for the tenth day in Dallas, TX,

1908: In Houston, TX, members of Congregation Adath Heshurun dedicated their new synagogue.

1909: According to figures released today that appeared in the August immigration report of the Department of Commerce and Labor 37,314 Hebrews immigrants came to the United States during the last fiscal year.

1910: Birthdate of New York born, and Columbia trained psychologist Joseph Ephraim Barmack, the WW II veteran and CCNY faculty member

1910: Fifty-three year old Levi Goodman, the “wholesale stamp clerk in the Madison Avenue Branch of the Post Office was arrested” today on charges of having embezzled “$1,088 in stamps and money.”

1911: In New York, a case of Jew versus Jew British boxer Matthew “Matt” Wells defeated World Featherweight Champion Abe Attell known as “the Little Hebrews” in a non-title bout.

1912(9^th of Tishrei, 5673): Erev Yom Kippur; Kol Nidre

1912: Birthdate of Gutsi Kollman, the widow of Eric Kollman who was a distinguished professor of history at Cornell College in Mt. Vernon, IA from 1944 to 1973.

1913(18^th of Elul, 5673): Parashat Ki Tavo

1913: Birthdate of Chicago native Dr. Herman Heine Goldstine the University of Chicago trained mathematician who worked on the earliest electronic computers and helped the military develop the famous Eniac. (As reported by Wolfgang Saxon)

https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/26/us/herman-goldstine-dies-at-90-helped-build-first-computers.html

1914: This afternoon, former Deputy Attorney General Maruice B. Bluementhal spoke at the Young Folks’ League saying that “Americans not only uphold neutrality but disapprove of the war in toto” yet “our hearts go out to three hundred thousand Jewish soldiers in the Russian Army, who having bled and suffered at the hand of their country on account of being Jews, are now suffering and dying for their country because, as Jews, they are loyal to the flag under which they live.  Theirs is a martyrdom which demonstrates the moral and intellectual superiority of the oppressed Jews over his opporessor.”

1914(29^th of Elul, 5674): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1914: Tonight, at Temple Emanu-El Rabbi Joseph Silverman delivered a Rosh Hashanah sermon on the topic of “Peace” using as his theme the words of Isaiah,“Peace, peace to him that is far off, and to him that is near saith the Lord.”

1914: Cantor Epstein and Rabbi Straus officiated at tonight’s service at Adath Abraham Temple.

1914: Rabbi Samuel Schulman conducted services at Temple Beth-El on Fifth Avenue.

1914: Four thousand worshippers attended services conducted by Rabbi Jacob Tarlav of the People’s Synagogue which were held at the Educational Alliance building on East Broadway.

1915: Today, during the Gallipoli Campaign in which members of the Zion Mule Corps laid the ground work for what became the fighting spirit of the IDF, “the Royal Newfoundland Regiment landed in Sulva Bay.”

1916: After having referred Joseph Barondess’ motion that teachers and clerks be allowed to be “absent from their duties so they could observe Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur the New York City School Board was scheduled to hold a special meeting to decide on the request which had been watered down from “with pay” to “excused without pay.”

1916: Hugh M. Dorsey, the man responsible for the infamous prosecution of Leo Frank was told today by his chief support Thomas E. Watson that he was not to issue any statements in support of Woodrow Wilson.

1916: “Henry Morgenthau, former Ambassador to Turkey, explained” today ‘that this appeal for a ‘Ten Thousand Club,’ whose members were to contribute $1 each to a Woodrow Wilson campaign fund was not intended as a sectarian appeal to the Jews” and that publication of the appeal in Yiddish newspapers was just the first of many appeals that would be made in foreign language papers read by immigrants.

1917: “Refuses Request of Jews” published today described the appeal that the Jewish Union of Frankfort-on-the-Main to the Pope to get his aid in overturning the decision of the Italian government to deny shipping of the Palm branches necessary for the celebration of Sukkoth to Jews in Germany and German occupied territories. (Editor’s note – The Italians and Germans were on opposite sides during WW I so the Italian decision is not as unreasonable as it might seem)

1917: Birthdate of Arnold "Red" Auerbach. This New York native earned as bachelors and master’s degrees from George Washington University.  Despite his father's initial lack of enthusiasm for his interest in athletics, Auberbach coached the Boston Celtics to nine straight NBA championships in the 1950's and 1960's.  However, sheer numbers do not do justice to the impact of this Hall of Fame coach.  During his career, the Celtics were the dominant force in professional basketball.  Auberach's Celtics were a force beyond the hardwood courts, as they provided a venue where African-American athletes could shine in a way not known before in American sport.

1917(4^th of Tishrei, 5678: While serving with the 3^rd Battalion of the South African Infantry Henry Mark Jacobs, the son of Joseph and Clara Isabel Jacobs was killed in action today while fighting on the Western Front during the Battle of Ypres.

1918(14th of Tishrei, 5679): Erev Sukkoth

1918: M. Politis, Minister of Foreign Affairs, announces Greek governmental approval of the suggestion by Dr. Chaim Weizmann to the Greek representative in Egypt, that a volunteer military corps be developed for Palestine, from among the Jews of Salonica.

1918: During WW I, General Allenby’s forces entered the Jezreel Valley and began two days of fighting that would lead to the capture of Afula (later known for its Pistachio nuts) and Megiddo, the site of the biblical battle of Armageddon. [One can only wonder what the Jewish forces serving with Allenby felt as they trod this land on the eve of the holiday simply known as “The Chag.”]

1918: Birthdate of George Lachmann Mosse, the German born American cultural historian who co-founded “The Journal of Contemporary History.”

https://archive.org/details/georgemosse00reel76rs

1919: All five Socialist candidates including Louis Waldman who had won a special election appeared at the New York State Legislature with attention of assuming their seats.

1920: The final day of examinations for those wishing to attend the Teachers Institute of the Jewish Theological Seminary.

1920: In San Francisco, the 8 day campaign to raise “$350,000 for the relief of the suffering Jewish in Eastern Europe” is scheduled to come to an end today.

1921(17^th of Elul, 5681): Eighty-two year old diamond merchant Jules Porges, a native of Vienna, raised in Prague “where his father was a master jeweler and the husband of “Rose-Anne Wodianer” passed away today in Paris.

1923(10th of Tishrei, 5684): Yom Kippur

1923: Temple Emanu-El is scheduled to “hold special Atonement Day services today at the Town Hall” in New York City.

1924: In Manhattan, Alexander and Eugenia Moshinsky gave birth to Albert Eliot Moshinsky who gained fame as Albert Marre, the Tony Award-winning director. (As reported by Dennis Hevesi)

1925(2^nd of Tishrei, 5686): 2^ndday of Rosh Hashanah

1925: “The fourteen Yiddish theaters in Greater New York, opened the season of 1925-26 on the second day of Rosh Hashanah and all have played to capacity houses.”

1925: Birthdate of Eliezer Zborowski, the Polish born Holocaust survivor who started the American and International Societies for Yad Vashem (As reported by Douglas Martin)

1926: “The Ramblers,” a Bert Kalmar and Harry Ruby musical that featured such songs as “All Alone Monday” and “You Smiled at Me” opened at the Lyric Theatre.

1927:  Birthdate of Henry Taub a founder of the payroll company that grew into the global giant Automatic Data Processing, also known as ADP.

1928: Birthdate of Dr. Joyce Brothers who first gained national fame as a quiz show contestant on the "$64,000 Question."

1928: The “Israelitisches Familienblatt” published an article expressing “Support of Jewish Ceremonial Art.”

1929(15^th Elul, 5689): Sixty-four year old medical pioneer Dr. Claribel Cone, the Jonesboro, TN born daughter of Hellena and Herman Cone passed away today in Lausanne, Switzerland.

1930: Birthdate of Chicago native and graduate of the Yale School of Architecture Stanley Tigerman,

https://www.archdaily.com/tag/stanley-tigerman

1930 In San Francisco, Mortimer Fleischhacker, Jr., the San Francisco born son of Mortimer Fleishhacker and Florence Isabelle (Bella) Fleishhacker and his wife Janet Louise Fleishhacker gave birth to Delia Ehrlich.

1931(9^th of Tishrei, 5692): Erev Yom Kippur; Kol Nidre

1931: In New York, Stella and Mortimer H. Koenig gave birth M(arshall) Glenn Koenig, the Cornell University trained physician who “became the director of the Division of Infectious Diseases in the Department of Medicine at Vanderbilt University.”

https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-abstract/127/4/488/861779?redirectedFrom=PDF

1932: Robert and Hattie Weiler Lazarus gave birth to Nancy Weiler Lazarus who would die in infancy.

1932: Today, the Toronto daily newspaper, The Evening Telegram, devoted its front page banner headline to a report that its’ Moscow-based correspondent, Rhea Clyman, had been “Driven From Russia” and attacked as a “Bourgeois Troublemaker.” (As reported by Jars Balan)

1933(29^th of Elul, 5693): Erev Rosh Hashana observed for the first time during the Presidency of F.D. R.

1934: “Spring Parade” a comedy produced by Joe Pasternak and co-starring Franciska Gaal was released today.

1934: As his career was winding down featherweight Harry Blitman entered the ring for the 74^th time and emerged victorious by a TKO.

1936:  In a time when most Jews were supporting FDR, friends of Republican Presidential candidate Alf Landon, expressed their gratification over a statement by Felix M. Warburg, New York banker and philanthropist, announcing his support for Governor Landon.

1936: “Christianity Is Held To Be Bolsehvistic” published today described how “the neo-pagan German Action is carrying our Chancellor Hitler’s attack against “Jewish bolshevism by arguing “that Christianity is also a Jewish product” because the “Jew’s Bible” which contains “numerous passages” that “are easily recognized as Bolshevist class theories” is the foundation of Christianity making it, like Bolshevism, a Jewish product.

1936: It was reported today that “the Polish Ambassador has informed the British Foreign Office that the population of his country is growing by 400,000 annually with the highest rate of increase among the Jews and that an outlet for them is much desired” which would explain why “Colonel Josef Beck, Polish Foreign Minister will be presenting a plan to the League of Nations calling for the emigration of 75,000 Jews annual from Poland to Palestine.”  (Editor’s Note – Lost among the Holocaust Histories is the reality of virulent anti-Semitism in pre-war Poland and the desire of the Poles to ride their country of the Jews which happened to be violation of the treaties creating the modern state of Poland.)

1936: “A campaign to raise $500,000 for the settlement of 1,000 European Jewish families in the Russian all-Jewish territory of Birbobidjan was announced” today “at a meeting of the American Committee for the Settlement of Jews in Birobidjan” which “was attended by delegates from 250 Jewish organizations and societies have a membership of more than 50,000 persons.”

1936: “Predicting a bloody conflict between believers in God and the forces of the anti-Christ, the Reverend Robert E. Woods delivered a message at high mass in St. Patrick’s Cathedral where he “warned Catholics, Protestants and Jews they must be prepared to take aggressive measures to defend their faith in ‘the one and only true God.’”

1937(15^th of Tishrei, 5698): Sukkoth

1937(15^th of Tishrei, 5698): Sixty-six year old Kuhn, Loeb & Co partner, Felix Moritz Warburg, the grandson of Moses Marcus Warburg “one of the founders of M.M and the husband Jacob Schiff’s daughter, Frieda whose philanthropy included leading the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee and the founding of the American Friends of Hebrew University passed away today.

http://www.jta.org/1937/10/21/archive/felix-m-warburg-dead-at-66

http://collections.americanjewisharchives.org/ms/ms0457/ms0457.html

http://blog.thejewishmuseum.org/if-these-walls-could-talk-the-warburg-mansion/

1937: The Palestine Post reported that Egypt, in an outspoken declaration made by its foreign minister, Butrus Ghali Pasha, officially objected to any planned partition of Palestine. Butrus Ghali explained that Jews and Arabs, "both descendants of Abraham," had lived together amicably for centuries and could continue to live so in our own time and day.

1937:  The Post reported that Mr. K.W. Blackburne, assistant district commissioner for the North of Palestine, informed local mukhtars (village heads) that they would be held responsible for any terrorist activities which might take place within their territories. Whenever found guilty they would have to pay damages and defray the expenses of the special punitive police posts, established in their villages.  This tough talk was not backed up with action as the British government did little or nothing to put an end to Arab terror.

1938: “Father John LaFarge, an American Jesuit tasked with writing an encyclical for Pope Pius XI to condemn racism and anti-Semitism, turns his work over to Wladimir Ledochowski, the Father Superior of the Jesuits in Rome.”

1938: “The seven bishops of Austria, led by Cardinal Theodore Innitzer, Archbishop of Vienna, issue a letter complaining about that the relations between the Catholic Church and Nazi Party have not developed as they had originally envisioned.

1939: All radios owned by Jews in Greater Germany were confiscated.

1939: Tolday, the Evening Standard today published a cartoon depicting Hitler greeting Stalin after the invasion of Poland, with the words: "The scum of the earth, I believe?". To which Stalin replies: "The bloody assassin of the workers, I presume?";

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molotov–Ribbentrop_Pact#/media/File:Davidlowrendezvous.png

1940: Breendonck concentration camp opens in Belgium.

1940(17^th of Elul, 5700): Sixty-seven-year-old McGill trained physician Sidney Solomon Oppenheimer, the Yale, Canada born son of Celia and August Isaac Oppenheimer and the husband of Dorothea Oppenheimer passed away today in Spokane, WA.

1941(28th of Elul, 5701): Several thousand Jews, mostly women and children from Kovno, Lithuania, are executed at the local synagogue after being held there for three days.

1941(28^th of Elul, 5701): Just 17 days after celebrating her 84^th birthday, Emma Hays Eckhouse, the daughter of Abraham Hays and Fanny Kahn and the widow of Moses Eckhouse who was active in many civic and Jewish communal organization as can be seen by her service a volunteer probation office in the Indianapolis Juvenile Court and vice president of the Hebrew Ladies’ Benevolent Society, passed away today after which she was buried at the Indianapolis Hebrew Congregation Cemetery South

1941: Policemen in Kiev, Ukraine, adopt armbands identifying the wearer as a member of the Nazi-sponsored Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists.

1942(9th of Tishrei, 5703): Erev Yom Kippur

1942(9^th of Tishrei, 5703: Fifty-nine year old Russian born American rabbi “Mordechai (Max) Yohlin” passed away today in Philadelphia.

https://library.temple.edu/scrc/mordechai-yohlin-family-papers

1942: Seventy-two year old Emil Schiff was transported from Leipzig today with the destination being Terezin where he was murdered later in the year.

1942(9th of Tishrei, 5703): In Letychiv, Ukraine, the SS starts a two day murder spree that claims the lives of at least 3,000 Jews.

1943(20th of Elul, 5703): One thousand Jewish inmates of the camp at Szebnie, Poland, are trucked to a nearby field, stripped naked and executed with machine guns. The bodies are burned and the bones thrown into the Jasiolka River. Those who had been ordered to pile the dead bodies onto a pyre were then shot to death as well.

1943: Today, luck ran out for German music hall and cabaret entertain Kurt Gerron, who had found refuge in Holland, and his family when they were sent to Westerbrook .

1943: In Norfolk, VA, David Crowe and Earnestine Ingram Mancil gave birth David Crowe, the holder of a Ph. D from the University of Georgia and professor at Elon University who wrote Oskar Schindler: The Untold Account of His Life, Wartime Activities and the True Story Behind the List.

https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/24/books/book-adds-layers-of-complexityto-the-schindler-legend.html?searchResultPosition=1

1943: Jacob Kapler, a Jew assigned to the body-burning detail at the Babi Yar, Ukraine, mass-murder site, finds a key that fits the padlock on a bunker in which he and other laborers are locked each night.

1944(3rd of Tishrei, 5705) Tzom Gedaliah

1944: The Jewish Brigade Group is formed by the British high command. After a long battle by Chaim Weizmann and Moshe Sharret, the British agreed to the establishment of a Jewish Army to fight alongside British troops. In all over 5000 people from pre-state Israel including many who had fled from Europe enlisted. Seven hundred of them lost their lives. After the war they formed the nucleus for those working to get Jews from Italy and the Balkans by legal or illegal efforts.

1944: Joseph Ratzinger, the future Pope Benedict XVI, joins the Whermacht

1945: The Jewish Agency for Palestine makes its first claim for restitution from Germany for crimes Nazis committed against Jews.

1945(13^th of Tishrei, 5706): Forty-six-year old Alice Stix Eiseman, the daughter of David and Amelia Stix Eisman and the husband of Milton Alfred Hellman whom she married at Frankford, Michigan in 1917 passed away today in University City, MO after which she buried at the New Mount Sinai Cemetry and Mausoleum in Affton, MO.

1945: Eleanor Roosevelt and Mrs. Henry Morgenthau, Jr. visited the refugee camp at Fort Ontario where most of the population was Jewish.

1946: In Haifa, Lilly and Eliyahu Goldenberg gave birth to David Goldenberg who gained fame as Israeli entertainer and television personality Dudu Topa

1947(6^th of Tishrei, 5708): Parashat Vayeilech; Shabbat Shuva

1947: Mayor Fiorello La Guardia passed away.  New York's "Little Flower" had an Italian father and a Jewish mother.  La Guardia never "traded on his Jewish origins" for political purposes.  At the same time, he suffered numerous times because of them.  For example, his career in the Foreign Service ended before it began, despite his linguistic skills, when it was explained to him that a Jewish parent would prove detrimental to his future.  He was the victim of numerous anti-Semitic slurs from political opponents.  At one point the Democrats ran a Jewish candidate against him thinking it would be to their advantage.  However, La Guardia (a Republican) had the last laugh when he challenged his opponent to a debate so long as the language of the match was Yiddish.  The opponent demurred because his linguistic skills were less than La Guardia's who then went on to win the election.

1948: Today, “following the Altalena incident” battalions of the IZL which had been “fighting in Jerusalem…were disbanded and their soldiers joined the IDF on an individual basis” in accord with Ordinance No. 4 which established the IDF as Israel’s only military force.

1949: Four years after the end of the Holocaust, “the Federal Republic of Germany” (known as West Germany) had its first government formed today.

1949: Today “Historian and educator,” Isaac Eisenstein Barzilay married Helly Frost with whom he had two children Joshua and Sharonah.

https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/20/classified/paid-notice-deaths-barzilay-isaac-eisenstein.html

1950(9^th of Tishrei, 5711): Kol Nidre

1950(9^th of Tshrei,5711): Thirty –six year old New York born Dartmouth graduate and former Time Magazine Moscow Bureau Chief Richard Edward Lauterbach, “the son of Morton Edgar and Hazel Augusta (Kronthal) Lauterbach” and husband of the former “Elizabeth S. Wardell” with whom he had three children – Jennifer, Ann and David” passed away today.

https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1950/09/21/86457040.pdf

1950: Orchestra conductor Serge Koussevitzky left New York on an Air France aircrafts on his way to Israel where he will conduct the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra.  “He will give fifteen concerts in Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and Haifa.”

1951: As the infant Jewish state copes with the economic challenges brought on by immigrant absorption and having to defend itself against a cordon of states dedicated to its destruction. David Horowitz presents Israel’s plans for dealing with the situation at the National Economic Conference at Washington, D.C.’ Shoreham Hotel.

1951: Jewish Film Distributors, local film distributors for Carmel Film of Tel Aviv has announced through Nathan Axelrod, head of the company that “Rebirth of a Nation,” a 90 minute documentary and first of a new series of Israeli made features will have its American premiere at the Stanley Theatre.

1951: In a speech given at the Jerusalem Shoe Company marking the end of Industry Week Israel’s Finance Minister Eliezer Kaplan announced “a program to mobilize $300,000,000 for new industrial projects in the next three years.  In his speech Kaplan declared, “Some think Israel needs pity.  But I say we need assistance.  We are building at a tremendous tempo and Israel is surmounting its difficulties.

1952(1^st of Tishrei, 5713): Rosh Hashanah

1952: Birthdate of Randy Grossman who played tight end for Temple (where else would a Jewish boy play) University before going on to a career with the Pittsburgh Steelers with whom he earned four Super Bowl rings.

1953(11^th of Tishrei, 5714): Seventy-four year old “Abraham Panken, a retired merchant” and “a vice president of the Greater New York Aid Society and the Council for Older People” “ who was a brother of Justice Jacob Panken and the father of former state Senator Harold Panken” passed away today.

1953: The New York Times includes a review of Saul Bellow’s latest novel, “The Adventures of Augie March “about “a West-Side-Chicago Tom Jones…of depression years with a ‘weak sense of consequence.’”

1955(4^th of Tishrei, 5716): Fifty-eight year old Academy Award winning screenwriter and playwright Robert Riskin passed away today.

http://www.billgladstone.ca/?p=1376

1955: CBS broadcast the first episode of “Navy Log” the anthology series that gave Don Devlin “his first acting role” and that featured theme music by Irving Bibo and Fred Steiner.

1956(15^th of Tishrei, 5717): Sukkoth

1956: First appearance of The American Examiner which resulted from a merger of the Brooklyn Examiner and The American Hebrew

1959: In Cologne, the Roonstrasse Synagogue which was originally dedicated in 1899 and destroyed during Kristallnacht was reopened with a formal dedication ceremony today.

1959: Beth Shalom Synagogue, in Elkins Park, PA,was inaugurated, a few months after the passing away of the architect who designed it, Frank Lloyd Wright. The synagogue is considered a Wright masterpiece.  The synagogue would later be placed on the list of National Historic Landmarks.

1960: Pitcher Larry Sherry loses gives up two runs in the 9^th as the Cards defeat the Dodgers 3 to 2.

1960(28^thof Elul, 5720): Seventy-six year Russian born Jewish dancer Ida Rubinstein who converted to Catholicism passed away today.

https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/rubinstein-ida

1960:A London production of Once Upon a Mattress, a musical comedy with music by Richard Rodgers and lyrics by Marshall Barer” opened at the Adelphi Theatre today where it ran for 24 performances

1961(10^thof Tishrei, 5722): Yom Kippur

1961(10^thof Tishrei, 5722): Forty year old Andrzej Munk movie director and script writer died today as a result of a car crash in Kompina, Poland in a head-on collision with a truck

1961: Birthdate of Lisa Allred Bloom, the daughter of Gloria Allred who followed in her mother’s footsteps by becoming a lawyer and television personality.

1963(2^ndof Tishrei, 5724): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah – the last time that the Jewish New Year would be observed under the abbreviated presidency of John Kennedy.

1964(14th of Tishrei, 5725): Erev Sukkoth

1964: Funeral services were held today for Ann Klauber Berson the wife of Leonard R. Berson and daughter of Ethel Klauber and Leo Klauber, Treasurer and Board Member of the Emanu-El Midtown Y.M.Y.W.H.A.

1964: At noon today, in Brooklyn funeral services were held for Samuel Abramowitz, the husband of Lillian Cohen Abramowitz and father of Judyth A. Weisser and Marcia A. Aronson

1967: 20^thCentury Foxreleased “Two for the Road” which was produced and directed by Stanley Doan, the son of Jewish parents from South Carolina.

1969(8^thof Tishrei, 5730): Shabbat Shuva observed for the first time during the Presidency of Richard Nixon.

1970(19th of Elul, 5730): Sixty nine year old Arturo Rosenblueth, the Mexican doctor who was a pioneer in the field of cybernetics, passed away today.

1971(1^stof Tishrei, 5732): Rosh Hashanah

1971(1^stof Tishrei, 5732): Seventy-two year old Russian born American businessman and philanthropist Louis Schweitzer passed away today.

http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive/pdf?res=9506E2DD1F3FE63ABC4951DFBF66838A669EDE

1972: In Jerusalem, one postal worker was injured by a letter bomb.

1972: Nobody was injured today when a letter bomb exploded in Tel Aviv.

1973(23^rdof Elul, 5733): Eighty-three year old Samuel Aronowitz, the Albany born son of Max and Dora Arronwitz “a lawyer, a founder of radio station WTRY in Troy” and “a fellow of Brandeis University passed away today after which he was buried at Beth Emeth Cemetery.

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/09/21/archives/samuel-aronowitz.html?searchResultPosition=1

1973(23^rdof Elul, 5733): Sixty-three year old German-born “logician and philosopher” and author Robert S. Hartman who was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1973 passed away today.

https://www.hartmaninstitute.org/

1974(4^thof Tishrei, 5735): Eighty-six year old Henry Austryn Wolfson “a scholar, philosopher, and historian at Harvard University, the first chairman of a Judaic Studies Center in the United States” passed away today.

http://americanjewisharchives.org/publications/journal/PDF/1976_28_01_00_feuer.pdf

https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0021_0_21063.html

http://biography.yourdictionary.com/harry-austryn-wolfson

1975(15^th of Tishrei, 5736): Sukkoth

1975: Henry Kissinger, the first Jewish Secretary of State met with Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko whose country was busy locking up Jewish refusniks.

1975: On ABC, premiere broadcast the first episode of “Saturday Night Live With Howard Cosell” (not to be confused with the late night Saturday night program).

1976: In Washington, DC, of Joan Lurie (née Marx) and Eric Lawrence "Rick" Bernthal, a lawyer with Latham & Watkins LLP gave birth to actor Jonathan Edward “Jon” Bernthal, the brother of Nicholas and Thomas Bernthal and the grandson of Syracuse University basketball player and violinist Murray Bernthal.

1976(25^th of Elul, 5736): Seventy-one year old Kermit Bloomgarden, the Broadway producer whose productions included “The Diary of Ann Frank” passed away today.

https://beta.worldcat.org/archivegrid/collection/data/173692441

1976: In Flossmoor, IL, “Fern (Malis) Salamensky, who worked for her family’s scrap metal business, and Paul Salamensky, a welfare examiner gave birth to New York Law School graduate Beth Mara Salamensky who was active in the Jewish L.G.B.T.Q. community. (As reported by Julia Carmel)

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/20/obituaries/beth-salamensky-dead-coronavirus.html?searchResultPosition=1

1976: CBS broadcast he first episode of season five of “Maude” a sitcom created by Norman Lear and starring Bea Arthur as Maude

1977: The Jerusalem Post reported that the military government destroyed a terrorist's house in Beit Hanina.

1977: CBS broadcast the first episode of “Lou Grant” produced by Gary David Goldberg.

1977: The Jerusalem Post reported from Washington that US President Jimmy Carter and Israeli Foreign Minister Moshe Dayan wound up their talks amid continuing differences between their governments on the question of the Palestinian representation at the reconvened Geneva Peace Conference and the establishment of new settlements in the administered areas. Israel announced that it would not soften its stand against the proposal allowing Arabs to attend the Geneva Conference in a single, unified delegation which might include the Palestine Liberation Organization. Given the distance of time, the Likud (Begin then; Sharon now) has certainly changed its stance on this issue.

1979: Assassination of French left-wing militant Pierre Goldman who had also been convicted of several robberies.  Goldman was the son of Alter Mojze Goldman, a Polish Jew who was active in the French Resistance during World War II.

1980(10th of Tishrei, 5741): Yom Kippur

1980: Avraham "Avi" Cohen, an Israeli playing football for Liverpool (UK) caused a stir when he played in today’s match with Southhampton which ended with a score of 2-2.  There were those who thought he should have followed in the footsteps of Hank Greenberg and Sandy Koufax and not played on Yom Kippur.

1981: Final performance of Hanoch Levine's ''Ya'acobi and Leidental,'' a contemporary Israeli comedy running at the La Mama annex

1982(3rd of Tishrei, 5743):Tzom Gedaliah – Jewish football fans must not only go without food and drink they must go without the professional version of their game since the NFL players went on strike for the first time in history.

1982: The BBC broadcast the first episode of “Smiley’s People” featuring Maureen Diane Lipman in the role of Stella Craven.

1984: NBC broadcast the first episode of “The Cosby Show” a sit-com created by Ed Weinberger.

1984: NBC broadcast the first episode of the third season of “Family Ties” a sitcom created by Gary David Goldberg.

1985: Birthdate of Canadian mixed martial artist Sarah Kaufman who has opted not to follow the faith of her father.

1987(26^th of Elul, 5747): Sixty-three year Tony Award winner Michael Stewart passed today. (As reported by Jeremy Gerard)

http://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/21/obituaries/michael-stewart-is-dead-63-author-of-broadway-musicals.html

1990(1^st of Tishrei, 5751): Rosh Hashanah

1990: NBC broadcast the first episode of season seven of “The Cosby Show” a sit-com created by Ed Weinberger.

1991: “The Fisher King” which marked the film debut of Dan Futterman was released today in the United States by TriStar Pictures.

1991: “McBain” a box-office disappointment “directed and written by James Glickenhuas” was released today in the United States.

1992: STS-47. The 50^th Space Shuttle Mission whose crew included Jay Apt came to an end today.

1992(22^nd of Elul, 5752): Seventy-nine year old sculptor Reuben Kadish passed away.  (As reported by Roberta Smith)

http://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/22/obituaries/reuben-kadish-79-a-sculptor-of-works-evoking-the-ancient.html

1993(5^th of Tishrei, 5754): Eighty year old Cyrus Leo Sulzberger, the New York Times Pulitzer prize winning correspondent and author, the nephew of NYT publisher Arthur Hays Sulzberg, who was known by his initials as C.L. Sulzberger passed away today.

https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/21/obituaries/c-l-sulzberger-columnist-dies-at-80.html

1994(15^th of Tishrei, 5755): Sukkoth

1994(15^th of Tishrei, 5755): Seventy-four year old Michael Dekel, the native of Pinsk who fought in the Red Army during WW II, before making Aliyah in 1949 passed away today.  An MK, he served in several different cabinet posts.

1995(25^th of Elul, 5755): Seventy-nine year old “Walter A. Haas Jr., patriarch of the San Francisco family that controls Levi Strauss & Company” passed away today.

https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/22/obituaries/walter-a-haas-jr-79-leader-of-family-behind-levi-strauss.html

1996(7^th of Tishrei, 5757): Eighty-three year old Hungarian mathematician Paul Erdős passed away today. (As reported by Roberta Smith)

http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/24/us/paul-erdos-83-a-wayfarer-in-math-s-vanguard-is-dead.html

1998: “The musical revival group 42nd Street Moon in San Francisco, presented a staged concert of Redhead,” “a musical with music composed by Albert Hague and lyrics by Dorothy Fields, who with her brother, Herbert, along with Sidney Sheldon wrote the book/libretto” for the last time tonight.

1998: Outfielder Gabe Kapler made his major league debut with the Detroit Tigers.

1998: The New York Times book section featured reviews by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including “The Brink of Peace: The Israeli-Syrian Negotiations”by Itamar Rabinovich.

1998: In “The Lost Tribe of Natchez,” Jennifer Moses describes the fate of the Jewish community of Natchez, Mississippi.

http://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/20/travel/the-lost-tribe-of-natchez.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm

1999(10^thof Tishrei, 5760): Yom Kippur

1999:Speaking at a high school in Des Moines, Iowa, Republican presidential candidate Steve Forbes and editor of Forbes magazine tells the students that the Ten Commandments should be displayed in all schools because they are "the basis for this civilization."“The Ten Commandments gave us Judaism from which flowed Christianity.”

2000: Barbra Streisand performed the first of two concerts at the Staples Center.

2001: Twenty-six year old Sarit Amrani was shot by members of the Al-Aqsa Martyr’s Brigade.

2002: This afternoon, “the University of Tennessee will dedicate the newest addition to the Tennessee athletic complex, the Wolf-Kaplan Center” which “is named in honor of the two donors who made the lead donation to make the facility possible, Drs. Robert J. Kaplan and Rodney Y. Wolf, both of Memphis.”

2002: Ninety-one year old Necdet Kent, the Turkish diplomat, who while serving as vice-counsel in Marseilles from 1941 to 1944 risked his life to save Jews, passed away.

“When Kent heard that Turkish Jews who were living in France were rounded up by the Nazis, he personally went to the train station and demanded the release of all Jews who were Turkish citizens. According to Arnold Reisman, “When the guards refused to comply, he got into the wagon with them. A German officer ordered him to get off but Kent refused to leave unless they let his Turkish citizens off as well. Angrily, the officer said no, you can go with them and closed the door. After three hours of extreme cold and filth, the train arrived at the next station. Obviously realizing a possibly explosive international incident had to be quickly diffused, the German officer who opened the door to the wagon apologized profusely and allowed Kent to leave and take all the people in the wagon with him, never looking at papers, never checking to see if they were Turkish citizens or not.” He saved 80 Jewish lives.”

2003(23^rd of Elul, 5763): Parashat Nitzavim-Vayeilech; Leil Selichot

2003(23^rd of Elul, 5763): Eighty-nine year old Bernard Manischewitz, whose family name is synonymous with kosher food passed away today. (As reported by Douglas Martin)

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/23/obituaries/23MANI.html

2004: An Israeli airstrike tonight “was carried out against a vehicle carrying two Hamas terrorists who were on their way to launch a rocket attack."

2004: “The Westchester County authorities said” today that they had arrested a Bronx man, Thomas Zibelli, 33, of Radcliff Avenue, who worked as a security guard and in a machine shop, for recruiting minors to post pro-Hitler and white power stickers on buildings, including a synagogue, in Mount Vernon. (As reported by Marek Fuchs)

2005: Yedioth Ahronoth reported that that there is more ethnic diversity in the U.S. Jewish community than previously believed.New research finds 20% of Jewish America is ethnically and racially diverse; study shows increase in diverse Jews mirrors changing racial, religious character of America.

2005: Rabbi Miri Gold, of the Birkat Shalom congregation in the Gezer community, who is a Reform rabbi, petitioned the High Court of Justice demanding that she be appointed to the official position of chief rabbi of her community. Gezer regional council already employs some 16 rabbis, whose salaries are paid for by the state. Rabbi Gold already acts as Gezer community's chief rabbi and provides religious services throughout the area. Gezer's official web site also acknowledges her as the official rabbi.

2005 (16th of Elul, 5765): Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal passed away at the age of 96.

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/20/world/europe/20iht-obits.html?pagewanted=all

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/20/AR2005092000201.html

2005: The Zionist Central Council of Greater Manchester presented the Herzl Award to Jonathan Hantman.

2005: Tonight, “Israel's leading known Kabbalistic Elder, Rabbi Yitzchak Kaduri called upon worldwide Jewry to return to Israel due to natural disasters which threaten to strike the world.”

2005: Jonathan Letham received a MacArthur Fellowship

2005: IDF temporarily entered the northern Gaza Strip, constructing a buffer zone parallel to the border near Beit Hanoun before pulling out.^[

2006: During the “Cash for Honors” investigation, Lord Levy (Michael Levy) was questioned for a second time and then released on bail. It would take another 9 months before that no charges would be brought against.  The wheels of justice grind slowly.

2006:Rabbi Sir Jonathan Sacks, the Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth broadcasts his New Year message In A Strange Land on the BBC One

2006: In accordance with Herzl’s last request, his children, Hans and Pauline Herzl, are interred beside him in Jerusalem’s Ht. Herzl Cemetery.

2006: A bill introduced by Congressman Henry Waxman “that would lift the bank on federal money for subway tunneling in his district passed the House by a unanimous vote.

2007: Israeli Daniel Sharon is arrested in Lebanon on suspicion of involvement in murder and spying. Further investigation will establish that he is a convert to Islam and a self-identified homosexual.  He will be released in mid-October, 2007.

2007: An IDF Spokesperson's Unit video of St.-Sgt. Ben-Zion Henman, filmed only moments before the soldier was shot to death during operations in Nablus, was released.

2007: The 107th annual meeting of the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Chicago was held today at the Hyatt Regency Chicago, 151 E. Wacker Drive, Chicago. Daniel C. Kurtzer, the United States Ambassador to Israel from 2001 to 2005 and current Commissioner of the Israel Baseball League, was the guest speaker. Midge Perlman Shafton, who has been active in the Chicago Jewish community for more than 30 years, was honored with the 45th annual Julius Rosenwald Memorial Award, the highest honor bestowed by the Federation.

2008: In Washington, D.C., journalist and philosopher Bernard Henri-Lévypresents the annual Gerald L. Bernstein Memorial Lecture drawn from his new book, “Left in Dark Times: A Stand Against the New Barbarism,” at the French Embassy.

2008: Selichot observances begin at Temple Judah with a wine and cheese reception and a viewing of the Israeli film, Joy, followed by services.

2008(20th of Elul, 5768): Eighty-five year old Russian history expert, Marc Raeff passed away today. (As reported by Bruce Weber)

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/29/education/29raeff.html?_r=0

2008 (20 Elul): Yahrzeit of Jacob Levin; gone from this world, but not from our worlds and our hearts.

2008 (20 Elul): In Manhattan, Joseph Shenker, who as the first president of La Guardia Community College in New York was a leader in having students combine on-the-job experience with their studies, passed away at the age of 68. For the last 13 years he was provost of the C. W. Post campus of Long Island University  and lived near the campus in Brookville, N.Y.

2009: The New York Times features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including “I Shudder:And Other Reactions to Life, Death, and New Jersey”by Paul Rudnickand the recently released paperback edition of “A Path Out of the Desert: A Grand Strategy for America in the Middle East” by Kenneth M. Pollack.

2009: The Los Angeles Times features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including “The Possibility of Everything" by Hope Edelman

2009: A memorial service was held today to celebrate the life of the artist Julius Schulman whose last exhibition was at Craig Krull Gallery in Los Angeles.

2009 (2 Tishrei, 5770): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

2009: Eighty-six year old music publishing executive Freddy Bienstock” who played a key role in promoting the career of Elvis Presley passed away today. (As reported by Ben Sisario)

https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/24/arts/music/24bienstock.html

2009: IDF troops killed two Palestinian militants and wounded three in an incident along the Gaza border late this afternoon. The IDF said in a statement that a border patrol fired tank and artillery shells at a group of Palestinians seen planting a bomb at the Gaza border fence.

2010: Center for Jewish History, Center for Traditional Music and Dance and World Music Institute is scheduled to present a program entitled “The Hidden Musical Treasures of Romania.”

2010: Former President Jimmy Carter’s new book, White House Diary, which includes his criticisms of President Clinton’s and President Obama’s policies in Israel including the building of settlements on the West Bank is scheduled to go on sale today.

2010: Denver based editorial cartoonist Ed Stein “launched a national comic strip called “Freshly Squeezed.”

https://www.gocomics.com/freshlysqueezed/about

2010: The winner of the People’s Choice Award is scheduled to be named today by Sukkah City, an international Sukkah-building competition based in New York City that has pitted famous and not-so-famous architects against one another in an attempt to create deliberately temporary structures of beauty, art and artifice.

2010: New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced that “Fractured Bubble” by Henry Grosman and Babak Bryan and “Shim Sukkah” by Tinder, Tinker had won New York’s first international succah design competition, winning the People’s Choice and jury prizes, respectively.

2011: An international conference on anti-Semitism that coincides with the 70th anniversary of the murder of 33,771 Jews at Babi Yar later this month is scheduled to take place in the Kiev today

2011: “HaHov” (The Debt) is scheduled to be shown at the JCC in Manhattan. 

2011: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said today at a Likud party conference that he is aware he will come under heavy pressure as he prepared to leave for New York. Netanyahu added that "it is much easier to win applause from world nations by extensive concessions we make, and then we see what we get.

2011: Ehud Barak has convinced Nigeria to not support the Palestinian statehood bid, a statement from the Defense Ministry reported today.

2012: Mish Galprin, author of Reimagining Leadership in Jewish Organizations is scheduled to deliver a lecture titled “Ten Practical Lessons to Help You Implement Change and Achieve Your Goals” in Washington, DC

2012: Iran deliberately provided false information about its nuclear program to Western investigators and the International Atomic Energy Agency, a senior Iranian official has confirmed.

2012: Steve Feller is scheduled to deliver a lecture titled “Light Fantastic: A Forum on the Understanding of the Nature of Light” at Coe College in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

2012: In “NFL to honor NFL Films' Steve Sabol on Sunday” published today, Gregg Rosenthal described plans to honor the man whose cinema skills and foresight helped to popularize professional football.

http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000064280/article/nfl-to-honor-nfl-films-steve-sabol-on-sunday?module=HP11_headline_stack

2012: Sarah Silverman made a public service announcement (PSA) criticizing new voter identification laws that create obstacles to the ability of certain U.S. populations to vote in the November presidential election, i.e., young, old, poor, and minority citizens” that “was financed by the Jewish Council for Education and Research (JCER) and was co-produced by Mik Moore and Ari Wallach.”

2012: Support for President Barack Obama among Jews in the state of Florida is down 7 percent on 2008, according to an American Jewish Committee (AJC) poll released today.

2013: “Fill the Void” is scheduled to open in Boise, Idaho.

2013(16^th of Tishrei, 5774): Second Day of Sukkoth

2013(16^th of Tishrei, 5774): Tomer Hazan, a Sergeant in the Israeli Air Force was murdered tonight after being “lured to the village of Beit Amin by Nidal Amar.”

2013: In London, Dr. Robert Friedman is scheduled to lecture on the story behind his latest work, 28 Letters: The Short Life Of Renée (Baba) Friedmann On Not So Calm Waters

2014: As of today, Joan “Hamburg is heard on WABC-770 from 1 to 3 on Saturday afternoon.

2014(25^th of Elul, 5774): Eighty-four year old actress Polly Bergen who converted to Judaism in 1957 passed away today.

http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-0921-polly-bergen-20140921-story.html#page=1

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/21/arts/polly-bergen-dies-at-84-emmy-winning-actress.html

2014: Rabbi Ari Israel, the Executive Director of University of Maryland Hillel is scheduled to speak on “Israel and Judaism: forming Positive Jewish Identities at Any Age or Stage.”

2014: Gidi Gov and Berry Sakharoff are scheduled to appear at the Phasa Morgana Festival.

2014: The Vengerov Festival, featuring its namesake violinist Maxim Vengerov who came to I

2014: “The daily L’Echoreported that “the Belgian authorities have prevented several attacks by jihadist fighters returning home from Syrian and by sympathizers with the Islamic State extremist group.” (As reported by Times of Israel)

2014: It was announced today, that “a large stalactite and stalagmite cave” has been “discovered in the Jerusalem hills” the location is being kept secret, so as to ensure the public does not enter before steps have been taken to ascertain how the ancient cavern and its formations can be preserved.” (As reported by Itamar Sharon)

2014: An Israeli drone crashed in southern Lebanon near the border between Israel and Lebanon.

2014: Zemer Chai joined with the clergy of six Maryland synagogues in a unique community Selichot service, in partnership with the Jewish Community Center of Greater Washington.

2015: The New York Timesfeatured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including The Court and The World: American Law and the New Global Realities by Stephen Breyer, Sisters In Law:How Sandra Day O’Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg Went to the Supreme Court and Changed the World by Linda Hirshman and The Social Sex: A History of Female Friendship co-authored by Marilyn Yalom

2015: Hungarian natives and Holocaust survivors Eva and Les Aigner are scheduled to deliver a lecture on their experiences at the George R. White Library on the campus of Concordia University.

2015: The YIVO Institute for Jewish Research is scheduled to host “Both Ground and Plow: Looking for Vilna” during which Rita Gabis will discuss “her quest to recover Vilna through poetry and personal memory.”

2015: The Jewish Community Center of Northern Virginia is scheduled host two former members of the House of Representatives speaking on “The Partisan Divide: Congress in Crisis.”

2015: In Cedar Rapids, IA, Rabbi Todd is scheduled to begin teaching Temple Judah’s first ever class in “Biblical Hebrew.”

2015:At the Jewish Museum, “Revolution of the Eye: Modern Art and the Birth of American Television” is scheduled to come to a close today.

2015: The by American Jewish Historical Society, American Sephardi Federation, in partnership with the Mizrahi Film Series, the Taub Center for Israel Studies, the Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies Department, and the Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies, New York University are scheduled to host a “reading, screening and discussion to celebrate the publication of Yitzhak Gormezano-Goren’s Alexandrian Summer in English, and Amit Goren’s film premiere of Alexandrian Summers Again and Forever.”

2015: The Toronto International Film Festival which has included screenings of “Rabin, The Last Day,” Ido Haar’s documentary “Thru You Princess,” “Demolition” starring Jake Gyllenhaal and “Spotlight” starring Leiv Schreiber” is scheduled to come to a close today.

2015: Andy Samberg is scheduled to serve as m. c. of tonight’s 67^thAnnual Primetime Emmy Awards.

2016: The Jewish Historical Society of Greater Washington is scheduled to conduct a noontime walking tour of “Jewish Downtown Washington.”

2016: “Rabbi Dr. Donniel Hartman, head of the Shalom Hartman Institute, spokr at the Jerusalem ordination ceremony of the first cohort of the Beit Midrash for Israeli Rabbis” today.

2016(17^th of Elul, 5776): Seventy-three year old Robot inventor Victor Scheinman passed away today. (As reported by Sam Roberts)

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/22/technology/victor-scheinman-dead.html?hpw=undefined&rref=obituaries&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=well-region&region=bottom-well&WT.nav=bottom-well&_r=0

2016:A-WA“an Israeli band made up of the three sisters Tair, Liron, and Tagel Haim” is scheduled to perform at “The Knitting Factory.”

2016: The Oregon Jewish Museum and Center for Holocaust Education is scheduled to host a talk “by Suzanne Hertzberg, the author of Katherine Joseph: Photographing an Era of Social Significance as part of the opening the exhibition “Secrets of the Greatest Generation: Stories Our Mothers Never Told Us.”

2016: “Defying the Nazis: The Sharps' War,” a new film directed by Ken Burns and Artemis Joukowsky is scheduled to shown on PBS at 9 pm EDT and 8 pm CDT.

http://www.defyingthenazis.org/

2017: This morning, JW3 is scheduled to the final screening of “Green Park,” a documentary about the iconic Anglo-Jewish hostelry.

2017(29^th of Elul, 5777): Ninety-nine year old Lilian Ross, a mainstay of The New Yorker, passed away today.

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/20/business/media/lillian-ross-dead-new-yorker-reporter-who-wrote-memoir-of-love-affair.html?hpw&rref=obituaries&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=region&region=region&WT.nav=region&_r=0

2017(29^th of Elul, 5777): Erev Rosh Hashanahשנה טובה, כתיבה וחתימה טובה.

2017: Last day of 5777; in the evening Erev Rosh Hashanah – 5778 לשׁנה טובה

2017: Rabbi Jonathan Feldman and Rabbi Joshua Klein are scheduled to lead services sponsored by MJE EAST at the Fifth Avenue Synagogue followed by a social complete with refreshments.

2017: As Jews prepare to celebrate Rosh Hashanah the friends and family Gusti Kollman celebrate the 105^thbirthday of Gusti Kollman!

2018: “The American Jewish Historical Society” and the “Center for Jewish History” are scheduled to present a screening of the documentary “Love Gilda: the Eternal Spirit of Gilda Radner.”

2018: In London, JW3 is scheduled to host the two final screenings of the Silver Lion award winning film “Paradise.”

2019: For those looking for something different to start Shabbat, the Street Market and Wok in Jerusalem is scheduled to host “Sushi Friday.”

2019: In Baltimore is scheduled to host a variety of erev Shabbat events including a Young Families Tot Shabbat in the morning and in the evening Kabbalat Shabbat Service preceded by an “Oneg Shabbat Snack.”

2019: In San Francisco, “star of TV, stage and screen Tovah Feldshuh is scheduled to perform highlights from Broadway musical “Queen of Mean” about Leona Helmsley.”

2019: The third episode of “The Spy” starring Sacha Baron Cohen as a legendary Mossad agent is scheduled to be shown on Netflix.

2019: The Temple Emanu-El Streicker Center is scheduled to hold a special Friday night service with Karenna Gore speaking on “Our Moral and Religious Obligations to Protect the Earth.”

2020: Suburban Temple-Kol Ami is scheduled to hold a service for “kids and teens” via Zoon start at nine o’clock.

2020: Chochmat HaLev and Camp Tawonga are scheduled to host “Drawing on Forgiveness” -- Improv sketching with artist Meg Adler to encourage self-forgiveness during the Days of Awe.

2020: In Iowa City, Chabad Rabbi Avremel Blesofsky is scheduled to lead an “outdoor social distancing minyan” in his backyard complete with Shofar blowing.

2020: Kol HaLev, Cleveland’s Reconstructionist Jewish Community is scheduled to host morning services after which “attendees will participate in Kiddush rituals.”

2020: The New York Times features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including Daddy: Stories by Emma Cline, The Presidents vs. The Press: The Endless Battle Between the White House and the Media — From the Founding Fathers to Fake Newsby Harold Holzer, and Cry Havoc: Charlottesville and Democracy Under Siegeby Michael Signer

2020: As Jews gather virtually or in socially distanced venues to observe the Second Day of Rosh Hashanah, references to “the Book of Life” take on an added poignancy as they mourn the passing Ruth Bader Ginsberg who died erev Rosh Hashanah.

2020(2^nd of Tishrei, 5781): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

2021(14^th of Tishrei, 5782): Erev Sukkoth

2021: This evening in San Francisco, Congregation Emanu-El is scheduled to host a “Sukkot gathering and talk by artist Shimon Attie, who will discuss his new floating art installation “Night Watch,” which explores the humanitarian issues of displacement, asylum and transience.”

2021: The Boston Synagogue is scheduled to present Kochava Munro leading a “First Night of Sukkot Niggun Circle.”

2021: The Aquarian Minyan is scheduled to present Jewish educator Marty Potrop teaching about the “odd rituals” of Sukkot, Hoshana Rabbah and Shemini Atzeret.

September 21

 19 BCE: Virgil, the classical Roman poet passes away. Eclogue 4, the so-called Messianic Eclogue, is the best known of Virgil’s Eclogues or “Selected Poems also known as Bucolics or “Pastorals.. Written in 40 B.C., during the consulship of Pollio, Virgil's benefactor a year or two previously, it hails the birth of a baby boy who will usher in a golden age of peace and prosperity in which even nature herself will participate. The golden age is the new era of peace for which Augustus was responsible, and the child is thought to be the expected offspring of Augustus and Scribonia (the infant turned out to be a girl). The similarity of language in the poem to that of the Book of Isaiah gave rise to the idea, in the early Christian period, that the fourth Eclogue was indeed a prophecy of the birth of Christ. The similarity may be due to the fact that Jewish ideas spread over Italy in the second half of the first century B.C., and Virgil may have used his acquaintance with them to express the Roman equivalent of a Messianic expectation.

1104: The first synagogue in Speyer was consecrated today, “eleven years after the pogrom of 1096.

1177: Castile conquered Cuenca, Spain.

1235: The reign of Andrew II of Hungary whose employment of Jews and Muslims to administer the royal revenues led him into conflict with the Holy See and the Hungarian prelates” came to an end today.

1348: The Jews of Switzerland were charged with perpetuation of the Black Death epidemic. There were riots in Bern Chilon and Zurich. Jews held at Chilion were tortured until they "confessed" to having poisoned wells in the area around Venice, Italy. Many Swiss Jews were burned to death during the riots while others were expelled from their respective cities after the violence had subsided. The Black Death was supposed to have been caused by poisoned wells and the Jews were the responsible for poisoning the wells. Of course, the Black Death was really Bubonic Plague, but the ignorant found it convenient to blame the Jews for any inexplicable ill that befell them.

1451: Jews of Arnhem were ordered to wear the Jew-badge by the Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa, the Cardinal for that part of Holland.

1451, Cardinal Nicolaus de Cusa preached in Arnhem on absolution, and declared that none should ever receive absolution who permitted a Jew practising usury to dwell alongside of or below him. At the same time he ordered, under penalty of expulsion, that all Jews should register at the burgomaster's office, and in future wear a Jew-badge upon their outer garment. They were not allowed to exact interest on pledges, nor henceforth to lend money to Christians at all; every transgression of this regulation was punishable with a fine of 4 g. to be paid by both Jew and Christian. Within the space of a year all existing loan-offices must be closed without stringency upon borrowers; and Jews must leave the city, unless they earn their bread by labor and honest commerce without usury, and wear a badge for recognition by all ("Oir broet met hoeren Arbeide verdienen of regtveerdige koomanschap sonder woekeren, doen wolden, en mits zy dat Teyken boven heur Cleeden dragen, daer men se bi kennen mach"). Meanwhile it was ordered that no one should do them any injury by day or night, openly or secretly

1486: Sixty-eight year old Johannes Hinderbach, the Prince-Bishop of Trent who blamed the Jews for the death of Simon of Trent which was his justification for murdering “several of them” and working to canonize the boy in what was one of many of the blood libels, passed away today.

1553: The Talmud was confiscated and publicly burned in Rome under the auspices of Cardinal Caraffa, later to be Pope Paul IV, a rabid counter-Reformationist. The Cardinal chose this day specifically because it was Rosh Hashanah so the Jews would feel the grief more strongly. Talmud burning would spread to other parts of Italy.

1558: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, passed. Charles wore two hats, or should we say two crowns. While he was the Holy Roman Emperor he was also King of Spain. As the Spanish monarch he continued to enforce the ban against Jews living in his realm. But as Holy Roman Emperor, his rule over German Jewry was such that they “regarded the emperor as their benefactor and protector against the Protestants.”

1618(Tishrei, 5379): In Holland, Dona Ester, wife of Moses Peixotto passed away. Her tombstone provides us with one of the earliest records of the Peixottos, a prominent Sephardic family who came to the United States in the first decade of the 19^th century.

1645(1st of Tishrei, 5406): In Mogilev, Russia, rioters attacked the Jews during Tashlikh services..

1676: Innocent XI begins his Papacy. “Innocent showed a degree of sensitivity in his dealings with the Jews within the Italian States. He compelled the city of Venice to release the Jewish prisoners taken by Francesco Morisini in 1685. He also discouraged compulsory baptisms which accordingly became less frequent under his pontificate; but he could not abolish the old practice altogether. More controversially he issued an edict by which all the money-lending activities carried out by the Roman Jews were to cease. Such a move would incidentally have financially benefitted his own brothers who played a dominant role in European money-lending. However ultimately convinced that such a measure would cause much misery in destroying livelihoods, the enforcement of the edict was twice delayed.

1677: Spanish born Dutch-Jewish printer Joseph b. Abraham Athias “succeeded, through a Jewish agent of the Polish crown in Holland, Simon by name, in gaining still more favorable protection from the Council of the Four Lands at their meeting today in Jaroslaw which since 1591 had been the meeting site for the Council, alternating with Lwow, for the honor.

1710(Elul, 5470): Hodel, daughter of Moshe Kikinish of Lemberg, died a martyr's death after falsely confessing to blood-ritual charges in order to save the lives of other Jews.

1723: Jamaica native Grace Mears and Moses Raphael Levy gave birth to Hannah Levy.

1731: Jews were granted the right to attend fairs in Smolensk provided that they limit their transactions to wholesale business.

1743(14^thof Tishrei, 5504): Erev Sukkoth

1743(14^thof Tishrei, 5504): Samuel Myers Cohen, the son of Emanuel Myers Cohen the husband or Rachel Asher Levy and the father of Rebecca and Richea  who “was elected constable in New York City in 1730,passed away today after which he was buried in the Third Cemetery of Congregation Shearith Israel, in Manhattan.

1755(16^thof Tishrei, 5516): Sukkot Second Day

1758: In Paris, Abraham Silvestre who was “of Jewish origin” and his wife gave birth to linguist and orientalist Silvestre de Sacy who prepared texts for the British and Foreign Bible Society.

1759(29th of Elul, 5519): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1766: In Philadelphia, Martha Lampley and Samson Levy gave birth to Daniel Levy.

1768(10^thof Tishrei, 5529): Yom Kippur

1776(8^thof Tishrei): Shabbat Shuvah

1776: During the British occupation of New York, a fire broke out that destroyed approximately 25% of the city – a fire that the British claimed was started to disrupt their forces and that the Americans claimed the British  started so that they could loot the city, most of whose Jewish inhabitants had fled with the departure of American forces.

1777: German natives Johanna Ullman and Jacob Dreifus gave birth to Samuel Dreifus.

 1778(29^th of Elul, 5538): Erev Rosh Hashanah observed for the last time while Henry Laurens was servings as 5^thPresident of the Continental Congress.

1779: Birthdate of Count Wedel Jarlsberg, a Norwegian noble who supported banning Jews from his country.

1784(6^thof Tishrei, 5545): Haham Moses Cohen d'Azevedo, the Amsterdam born son of Daniel David Cohen d'Azevedo and Sara Cohen d'Azevedo and husband of Sara de Haham Moses Cohen D'Azevedo and Sara de Abraham Cohen D'Azevedo passed away today in London.

1789(1st of Tishrei, 5550): Jews celebrate Rosh Hashanah for the first time under the Presidency of George Washington.

1793(15^thof Tishrei, 5554): Sukkoth

1793: In Georgetown, SC, “Solomon and Rebecca (Moses) Harby gave birth U.S. Navy officer and War of

1797(1^stof Tishrei, 5558): Rosh Hashanah observed for the first time during the President of John Adams.

1800(2^ndof Tishrei, 5561): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah observed for the last time during the Presidency of John Adams.

1802: Anti-Jewish riots took place in Switzerland. Five centuries have passed since the black plague but the Swiss behavior remained unchanged.

1802: In Easton, PA, Sarah Hart and Isaac Nunez Cardozo gave birth toe Abigail Nunez Cardozo, the wife of Hayman Levy Seixas with whom she had nine children.

1804(16^thof Tishrei, 5565): Second Day of Sukkoth1804: In Virginia, L. Joseph & Company is scheduled to be closed today because of “their uniform practice to do no business on days ordained by Mosaic Law to be holy.”

1808(29^thof Elul, 5568): Erev Rosh Hashanah observed for the last time during the Presidency of Thomas Jefferson.

1811(3^rdof Tishrei, 5572): Parashat Ha’Azinu; Shabbat Shuvah

1812(15th of Tishrei, 5573): First Day of Sukkoth

1812: Levi Charles Meyers Harby, who served in the “Texas Navy” during its war for independence and in the Confederate Navy during the Civil War while finding time to marry “Leonora Rebecca De Lyon, a member of the prominent Jewish family from Savanah with whom he had three children.

https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/view/Military.aspx?pid=1347201850&vid=867db4a3-6e14-4e95-904f-ffa15404553e&tid=807361

1820(13^thof Tishrei): Eighty-two year old Solomon Avigdor Moses passed away today after which he was buried at the Brady Street Jewish Cemetery.

1822(6^thof Tishrei, 5583): Shabbat Shuvah

1825(9th of Tishrei, 5585): Erev Yom Kippur observed for the first time during the Presidency of John Q. Adams.

1826: “Professor Hyman Hurwitz and Myers Joseph composed odes” for today’s consecration service for The Western Synagogue in London which had been “arranged by Myer Solomon.

1827(29^thof Elul, 5587): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1830: Samuel Wiggins and Dinah Elizabeth Leoi who lived to the age of 61, were married today.

1836(10^thof Tishrei, 5597): Yom Kippur

1836: Joseph Samuels led services in the newly dedicated synagogue in Cincinnati, Ohio – the first such structure in the Queen City.

1838(2^ndof Tishrei, 5599): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1838: Privileges granted the Jews of Sweden were revoked by the Swedish government.

1841: Hassocks Gate Railway Station which was designed by Anglo-Jewish architect David Mocatta opened today.

1842: Henrietta Delgado and David Judah Alberga gave birth to Theresa Alberga.

1842: Birthdate of Ottoman Sultan Murad V. During his reign, Jews migrated to Turkey after the signing of the Berlin Treaty. Also, his Jewish subjects celebrated the 400th anniversary of their arrival from Spain. It took three tries, but Herzl finally got an audience with the Sultan in 1902 during which he makes his case for a Jewish Homeland under the protection of the Sultan.

1842: Birthdate of John B. Weber, Civil War veteran and New York Congressman who was appointed the first Commissioner of Immigration at the Port of New York in 1890 which meant he had a major impact on the flood of Jewish immigrants from eastern Europe – deciding in some cases who could stay and who had to be returned. Weber joined Dr. Walter Kempster in visiting Russia and preparing an official report on the conditions of the Jews living in that country and the purposeful policy of deprivation and discrimination pursued by the Czar to impoverish the Jews and force them to immigrate to the United States.

1843: In Bromberg, Prussia, Moses Nathan Silberberg and Pauline Pulvermacher gave birth to Max Silberberg the husband of Dora Feder who came to the United States in 1859, served in the Union Army and served for several years in the Ohio State Legislature, representing a district from Cincinnati.

1846(1^stof Tishrei, 5607): In the first year of the Mexican-American War, Jews observe Rosh Hashanah

1847: Birthdate of Yitzhak Isaac Halevy Rabinowitz the “rabbi, Jewish historian, and founder of the Agudath Israel organization” who was raised by his grandfather Mordechai Eliezer Kovno, “after his father was killed by soldiers.”

1850(15th of Tishrei, 5611): Sukkoth

1853: Rabbi J.J. Lyons officiated at the wedding of T. Jefferson Tobias of Charleston, SC to Adelaide Hendricks, the daughter of Uriah Hendricks of New York City.

1853(18^thof Elul, 5613): Elizabeth Gershon, the London born daughter of Zipporah and Aaron Nathan Cohen and the wife of Samuel Gershon with whom she had seven children passed away today.

1853: “Great Britain: London Trade-American Sewing Machines” published today reported “if the clothing firm of E. Moses and Son has not begun using the sewing machine in its tailoring operation, it soon will, since the firm is always looking for ways to be be more cost effective.” “London clothier Elias Moses was the first to pioneer a retail model of massive advertising and deep discounts to create a high-volume business in low-margin ready-to-wear clothing…The Moses & Son store even looked different, fitted with” the “ then unheard of plate-glass display windows out front and fixed prices on clothing inside. But after the father passed away, and the son retired, the store rather lost is heart. When the son of Moses and Son died in 1884, the Times of London mourned, ‘The large premises at Aldgate and Oxford Street know the name of E. Moses and Son no more.’”

1855(9^thof Tishrei, 5616): Erev Yom Kippur; Kol Nidre chanted for the last time during the Crimean War which would end in March of 1856.

1857: In Warsaw, OH, Nathan and Henrietta Becker gave birth to businessman Abraham Becker, the husband of Katherine Becker with whom he had four children.

1857: Bertha and Marcus Goldman gave birth to Henry Goldman who joined Goldman Sachs & Co in 1885 where he “helped list retail companies like Sears and Woolworth” and he refinanced Studebaker.  He left the company during World War I over his support for Germany an attitude that would change when he visited the country when the Nazis came to power and became a tireless worker to help German Jewish intellectuals and children escape to the United States.

1857: Four days after he had passed away, 89 year old Moses Mocatta was buried at the Balls Bond Pond Road Jewish Cemetery.

1858: In Philadelphia, PA, Rebecca Baehr married Julius Israel of Camden, SC.

1859: Benjamin Szold arrived in the United States and began serving as the Rabbi for Oheb Shalom in Baltimore, Maryland. He would serve in that capacity until his death in 1902. Szold moved the congregation from Minhag America (Reform) to Minchag Ashekenaz (Traditional). For all of his own accomplishments, his greatest claim to fame may be that he was the father of Henrietta Szold.

1860: Seventy-two year old German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer who called the Jews "The Great Master of Lies" passed away today.

1863: At its meeting today the Board of Alderman referred to the Committee on Donations and Charities the Report of Committee on Finance, with resolution that the Comptroller be directed to dispose of the following ground, belonging to the Corporation, and located adjoining the Orphan Asylum of the Hebrew Benevolent Society, on Seventy-seventh-street, and extending from the westerly line or side of said Orphan Asylum to the easterly line or side of Lexington-avenue. being in extent one hundred and thirty-five feet front and rear, by one hundred feet deep to the said- Hebrew Benevolent Society, to be held by the said Society upon the same tenure or conditions as the twelve lots of ground heretofore granted to the Bifid Society; the grant hereby made to said Society to be sanctioned by the Legislature of the State at its next or any subsequent session, in order to perfect the title thereto in the aforesaid Society, and to obviate the prohibition contained in the forty-first section of the Amended Charter of one thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in respect to disposing of the property or franchises of the City.

1864: In Baltimore, MD, “Dr. Aaron Friedenwald and Bertha Bamberger gave birth to Johns Hopkins alum Dr. Harry Friedenwald, the College of Physicians and Surgeons graduate and husband of Bertha Stein who was President of the American Federation of Zionists and trustee of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America.

1865(1^stof Tishrei, 5626): American Jews celebrate Rosh Hashanah for the first time during the Presidency of Andrew Johnson

1867: Birthdate of American statesman, Henry Stimson. By the time he passed away in 1950, Stimson had amassed an incredible record of public service serving Presidents from Teddy Roosevelt to Harry Truman. Stimson served as Secretary of War from 1940 through 1945. This meant that he was the cabinet member who oversaw the Army and Army Air Force in the successful defeat of the Axis military. Towards the end of the war, there were some in the Roosevelt administration who circulating a resolution opposing creation of a Jewish state in Palestine. Stimson came out against this move which helped to smother it at a time when American support for a Jewish state was a hotly debated issue in the halls of government.

1869: In Mayen, Prussia, Barbara and Benedict Loeb to Dr. Leo Loeb who “developed an experimental approach to studying cancer and pioneered techniques for tissue culture and in vitro tissue transplantation which impacted early-to-mid twentieth century experimental embryology.”

https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/leo-loeb-1869-1959

1870: In Charleston, SC, Rabbi J.H.M. Chumaceiro officiated at the wedding of S.C. Peixtto of Columbia, SC and Hortense Levy, the “eldest daughter of Max Levy.”
1870: According to the Teachers’ Reading Room and Exchange in Manhattan there are 7 Hebrew Schools below 59th Street with a total enrollment of 1,147 and 47 teachers.

1871(6th of Tishrei, 5632): Sixty-four year old Rabbi Mendel Hess passed away. Born in 1807, at Lengsfeld (now Stadtlengsfeld), Saxe-Weimar he was a German rabbi.He was one of the 1st Jewish theologians to combine a university education with Talmudical training. From 1828 until his death he was chief rabbi of the grand duchy of Weimar, residing first at Lengsfeld and later at Eisenach. Although the measure had aroused great dissatisfaction among the Jews, he strictly enforced the decree of the government (June 20, 1823) ordaining that Jewish services should be conducted exclusively in the German language and that the reading in Hebrew of sections of the Bible should be followed by their translation into the vernacular. The position of rabbi as government official became very unpleasant, as he was required to inform against those who failed to attend the services, a requirement which even the progressive Jews, who approved of the ordinance, condemned. Intermarriages between Jews and Christians being allowed in the grand duchy, Hess officially consecrated such nuptials, notwithstanding the proviso that the off-spring should be brought up in the Christian faith. In the consecration of Jewish marriages he likewise ignored time-honored traditional rabbinical regulations, and it is said that in his disregard of Jewish sentiment he went so far as to attend a theater on the eve of the Day of Atonement ("Allg. Zeit. des Jud." 1845, p. 62). Hess was a member of the three rabbinical conferences which (1844-46) convened at Brunswick, Frankfort-on-the-Main, and Breslau, and as such was an advocate of uncompromising radicalism. After 1848 he felt the illiberality of enforced reforms, and petitioned the government to repeal the law which made attendance at the Reform services compulsory ("Allg. Zeit. des Jud." 1853, p. 474). He edited "Der Israelit des Neunzehnten Jahrhunderts" from 1839 to 1847, and, with Samuel Holdheim as coeditor, in 1847 and 1848. Hess also published two collections of sermons and addresses (Eisenach, 1839, 1843).

1873(29th of Elul, 5633): Erev Rosh Hashanah observed as the New York Stock Exchange remained closed for a second day in what would become the Panic of 73, a four year long economic depression that presage later such events as the one under President Hoover and President Bush

1874(10th of Tishrei, 5635): Yom Kippur

1874: In Baltimore, Herman Moses Cone and Helen Guggenheimer Cone gave birth to Johns Hopkins graduate and Columbia Law School trained attorney Bernard M. Cone, the husband of Elain Wolf Cone who owned several mills in North Carolina which in 1945 were “re-organized un Proximity Manufacauring” and the in 1948 merged with Revlution cotton to form Cone Mills, Corp., “the largest producer of flannel in the world” passed away todayin Greensboro, NC after which he was buried in Cone Cemetery.”

1874: Birthdate of Joe Levin, a founder of B'nai Abraham Synagogue in Brenham, Texas.

1875(17^thof Tishrei, 5546): Third Day of Sukkot

1875: Berta Seligman and Abraham Weil gave birth to Theresia Weil who died before reaching her 21^st birthday.

1876(3rd of Tishrei): Tzom Gedaliah

1876: In Vladislavov, David and Marie Bernstein gave birth to Herman Bernstein, the Russian born American author and diplomat who wrote “History of a Lie,” a book which exposed the “Protocols of the Elders of Zion” as an anti-Semitic forgery and served as U.S. Ambassador to Albania.

http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E04E1DC103EE733A25753C2A9679C946797D6CF

1876: Birthdate of Viennese actress Mathilde Sussin who died in 1943 at Theresienstadt.

1878: As a Yellow Fever Epidemic gripped the Deep South, the officers of Hebrew Hospital Association in Memphis, Tennessee issued the following appeal: “Our funds having been entirely exhausted, and sickness still continuing with unabated fury in our midst, we appeal to our co-religionists through the United States for pecuniary aid. There are orphans to be cared for, in addition to relieving the wants of the sick and the distressed. And our good work must be discontinued unless aid is given us. All remittances should be addressed to David Eiseman, Treasurer of the Hebrew Hospital Association.”

1878: Raphael D.C. Lewin delivered a lecture on the subject of “Life and Character of Moses Mendelssohn, the German-Jew Philosopher of the Eighteenth Century.” The proceeds of the lecture will go to aid those suffering from the Yellow Fever Epidemic.

1878: The Chamber of Commerce Relief Committee dispersed funds to various organizations aiding victims of Yellow Fever including $1,000 to the Hebrew Benevolent Association of New Orleans, $500 to the Association for the Relief of Jewish Widows and Orphans of New Orleans and $500 to the Hebrew Benevolent Association of Memphis, TN.

1878(9th of Tishrei, 5548): Erev Yom Kippur

1879 (4th of Tishrei, 5640): Tzom Gedaliah

1879: In Columbus, Mississippi, founding of B’nai Israel, a congregation that holds Friday night and Saturday morning services in the Odd Fellows Building, provides a religious school that meets twice weekly and owns a cemetery “one mile south of the courthouse.”

1879 (4th of Tishrei, 5640): Rabbi Meir Leibush ben Yechiel Michel also known as the Malbin passed away. Born in 1809, he ultimately became the Chief Rabbi of Bucharest. He wrote a commentary on the Bible, showing the close relationship between the Oral and the Written Law. He fought strongly against many reformist movements which he likened to modern day Kararites. While not very popular with the "enlighteners," he apparently was quite popular with the common people of the various communities that he served.

1880(16^thof Tishrei, 5641): Second Day of Sukkot

1880: It was reported today that the Jewish festival of Succoth or Feast of Booths commenced on Sunday evening and will continue until next Monday night.  The first and last days of the festival are only regarded as holy days, the intermediate days being of no special import.  His is the harvest of feast of the ancient Jews and is also commemorative of the Israelites dwelling in Succoth of booths during their weary journey through the wilderness.”

1882: Birthdate of Russian native Harry Shulman, the merchant who in 1905 came to Chicago after which he moved to Iowa City where both he and his wife Anna were buried in the Agudas Achim Cemetery.

https://peoplelegacy.com/harry_shulman-6b5b6F

1883: Birthdate of Robert Goldstein the producer of “The Spirit of ‘76” a film made before the United States entered WW I which portrayed the cruel treatment of Americans during the Revolution by British soldiers.  Unfortunately for Goldstein and he was prosecuted under Title XI of the Espionage Act, and received a ten-year sentence plus a fine of $5000. The sentence was commuted on appeal to three years.

1883: Birthdate of New York City native and attorney Edwin Chester Vogel, a partner in the firm of Elkus, Vogel, Gleason and Proskauer and prominent art collector.

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/05/22/archives/edwingvogel-89-collector-of-art-philanthropist-exofficer-of-cit.html

1883: It was reported today that while addressing a banquet being held in Grosswardein, the Hungarian Prime Minister said “Jew-baiting affected the honor of the Fatherland, and the Government was bound to protect the lives and property of all citizens regardless of class prejudice.”

1884: Birthdate of Clarence Cleveland Dill, the United States Senator from the state of Washington who was so supportive of Herbert Hoover’s nomination of Benjamin Cardozo to serve on the Supreme Court that, on a radio broadcast he called it “the finest act of his career as President.”

1884: “The English Peers” published today, using information that first appeared in the Fortnightly Review, described the obstructionist role played by the House of the Lords in the past sixty years including their repeated oppositions to bills passed by the House of Commons that would have relived Jews of their “civil disabilities.”

1884: It was reported today that in London, this week’s edition of the Jewish Chronicle contained a letter from Henry Rice, the President of the United Hebrew Society of New York and I.S. Isaacs, the society’s secretary, describing the opposition of Jews in the United States “to the immigration of idle, weak people who expect to live on charity alone and urging that care be taken that none be sent save those able to earn a living.”  The Jewish leaders warned that the U.S. government would send back the former.  The Chronicle called “the letter harsh and unsympathetic.”

1884: “Heine’s Memoirs” published today provides a detailed review of The Memoirs of Heinrich Heinewhich include “some newly discovered fragments of his writings” and “an introductory essay by Thomas W. Evans”

1884: It was reported today that unnamed Jewish peddler has been arrested in New Haven on charges that he had split open the head of John Carroll after being teased by a group of boys last night.

1884: The Society of United Hebrew Charities met at Wheatly Hall in Philadelphia to discuss the additional street being place on its limited resources to the huge influx of Russian immigrants.

1884: “Honoring An Aged Philanthropist” published today described the “extensive preparations” being made by American Jews to celebrate the 100^th birthday of Sir Moses Montefiore on October 24.  At four o’clock in the afternoon on that date synagogues throughout the United States will hold services following the special liturgy first developed in the British Empire.” 

1886: Birthdate of Polish native Esther Wachsmann who gained fame as America painter Esther Hamerman, the great-grandmother of painter Nicole Eisenman.

https://www.annexgalleries.com/artists/biography/3659/Hamerman/Esther

1886: Birthdate of Lucian Leman Kahn, the native of Hamilton, Ohio, Virginia Military Institute Class of 1906 who served as a Captain with the 8^th Division of the AEF during WW I and then went on to serve as officer with the State Stove Company of Hamilton while raising a daughter with his wife Clara Kahn

https://archivesweb.vmi.edu/rosters//search.php?VMIClass=Class%20of%201906

https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1947/08/07/104327500.html?pageNumber=21

1890: In Vienna, a sub-Lieutenant who had been arrested for attacking an old Jew appeared before the Police Commissioner today and explained his action by saying that “he had…quarreled with a Jew and hated all the race so much that he had sworn he would punish the first one he set eyes upon.”

1890: In New York “Nathan and Lina (Gutherz) Straus” gave birth to Princeton graduate and Quartermaster 1^st Lt. Hugh Grant Straus, the husband of Flora Stieglitz, whose career including working at R.H. Macy and Abraham & Straus while serving as the Direct of the Brooklyn Federation of Jewish Charities.

1890: Rabbis Pereira Mendes and M.H. Harris officiated at the funeral of Benjamin F. Peixotto at Temple Israel of Harlem. Pall bearers include Julius Bien, Meyer S. Isaacs, Adolph Sanger, Daniel T. Hays, Michael H. Cardozo, Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, M.M. Davis and Adolphus Solomons of Washington, D.C.

1890: “New Publications” published today included a description of The Centurial: A Jewish Calendar for One Hundred Years, a Jewish calendar and almanac compiled by E. M. Myers.

1891(18^th of Elul, 5651): Henry Marks, a young Jew from Brooklyn who had served with Troop E, Fifth Cavalry, US Army, shot himself “on the lake shore at Edgewater” outside of Chicago.

1891: Seventy year old Victor Guérin a French explorer and archaeologist whose seven trips to the “holy land” resulted in the seven volume Geographical, Historical, and Archaeological Description of Palestine and who used such Jewish sources “as the Mishna and Talmud, as well as Jewish travelers such as Benjamin of Tudela and Isaac Chelo” passed away today.

1892(29^th of Elul, 5652): Erev of Rosh Hashanah

1892: Birthdate of Brooklyn native Abraham Max Rabiner, the 1916 graduate of Albany Medical College, and Assistant Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry at New York University.

1892: Polish Jews being held in quarantine at Sandy Hook “have been sent kosher food from their friends in New York so they can begin their celebration of Rosh Hashanah

1892: “The Jewish New Year” published today provided a description of the upcoming holiday that includes “a peculiar observance, the blowing of the shofar or cornet…”
1893: In Latvia, “Hirsch and Deborah (Lipkin) Bernhardt gave birth to University of Rochester and Johns Hopkins University trained economist Joshua Bernhardt whose area of expertise was sugar related issues as can be seen by his preparation of “A Statistical Survey of the Sugar and Trade of the U.S” in 1920 and  his preparation of a report for President Coolidge on the relation of the tariff on sugar to the rise in prices

1893: Solomon Breyer is at home with a scalp wound he suffered when the synagogue on Rivington Street he was praying at Erev Yom Kippur caught fire and burned.

1893: According to reports published today, a concert will be held “to defray” the legal expenses of Jewish anarchist Emma Goldman.”

1894: In Vienna, attorney Anton Paul Piëch and his wife gave birth to Anton Piëch, the attorney and son-in-law of Ferdinand Porsche, who was a Nazi party member, member of the SS and a manufacturer of vehicles for the Germans.

1895: “Knows the Hebrew Bible by Heart” published today described the intellectual attainments of Professor Jacob Cooper, the Rutgers professor who claimed that he was so well versed in the Old Testament that “if all the Hebrew Bibles in the world were destroyed, he could reproduce the text from memory and who was awarded an honorary LL.D. by Tulane for his work in ancient languages.

1895: Birthdate of New York native Samuel Salzman who at the age of 3 moved to Cleveland where he joined “the 37^th Division” which fought in France in WW I, founded the United Supply Company and was an active member of “the Temple on the Heights.”

1896: “Santa Maria,” a comic or light opera created by Oscar Hammerstein is scheduled to open at the Olympia Theatre in New York.

1898: Boatswain Eugene M. Isaacs, a native of Pennsylvania who had joined the Navy in 1887 was “assigned” to the Iowa today.

1899: In Algiers, rioting that had been begun by Max Regis, the former mayor and notorious Jew baiter yesterday continued today with the police making at least six arrests.

1900: Fire in Constantinople, left 2000 Jews without shelter. One synagogue was destroyed.

1900: In n the town of Potoki, near Kremenchuk, Ukraine, Hoda (Hadassah) and Yehuda Leib Nissan Vilensky, a Zionist leader descended from a long line of rabbis gave birth to Miriam Vilensky who gained fame as Israeli writer and poet Miriam Yalan-Shteklis

1900: In New York City, pharmacist Dr. J. Leon Lascoff and his wife gave birth to Dr. Frederick Lascoff, the recipient of a pharmacy degree from Columbia where he taught for 20 years and a Doctorate in Pharmacy from the Connecticut College of Pharmacy who operated the “Yorkville pharmacy started by his father” and who was the husband of Emmy Lascoff with whom he had one son.

1901: Herzl was granted an interview with British Colonial Minister Joseph Chamberlain.

1902: “Members of the Roumanian Education Society met tonight and arranged for a meeting to be held in Washington Hall” on September 28 “at which they indorse Secretary Hay’s note to the European powers regarding the condition of the Jews in Roumania” which will be attended by Judge Mayer Sulzberger, Rabbi Joseph Krauskopf and Recorder of Wills Jacob Singer.

1903(9th of Tishrei, 5738): Erev Yom Kippur

1903: Birthdate of Belarus native Arthur J. Katzman, the Brooklyn Law School graduate and long-time member of the New York City Council.

https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1993/09/01/694993.html?pageNumber=20

1903: “The St. Petersburg correspondent of The Daily Mail reported a cased which occurred at Irkutsk of a Russian officer shooting a Jew who refused to give him a match to light his cigarette because the officer asked him in an insulting tone.”

1903(9^thof Tishrei, 5738): Thirty-nine-year-old Dr. Richard Landau who combined the study of history with the practice of medicine passed away today in Nuremberg, Germany.

1903: Birthdate of Victor Alphonse Sachse, Jr., the LSU trained attorney and husband of Janice Rubenstein Sachse who was the father attorney and Korean War Veteran Victor Alphonse Sachse III.

1904: “Czar’s Concession To Jews” published today reported that “the recent modifications of the legislations relating to the Jews” “provides that Jewish soldiers fighting in the Far East have equal rights with those of retired privates who have entered the service under the recruiting law, the only difference being that the latter, upon retirement, have the right to live freely in any part of the empire, while the former can only secure this right by distinguishing themselves in battle or give proof of irreproachable conducting during the course of the war” with Japan.

1905: Twenty-four-year-old Phillip Maslansky, the Pinsk born son of Rabbi Zwi Hirsch and Yetta Maslansky who in 1896 emigrated to the United States where he began his business career with after having attended the Jewish Theological Seminary married Hattie Hattenbach today in New York City,

1905(21^stof Elul, 5665): Berta Seligmann the wife of Abraham Weill passed away today in Mannheim, Germany

https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/09/21/101150542.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0

1906(2nd of Tishrei, 5667): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1906: Birthdate of Hungarian-American historian Ladislas Farago whose books provide a better insight into his skills than anything that could appear in this blog. (Start reading)

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ladislas-Farago

https://www.amazon.com/Ladislas-Farago/e/B001HOY0EK%3Fref=dbs_a_mng_rwt_scns_share

1907(13^thof Tishrei, 5668): Parashat Ha’Azinu

1907(13^thof Tishrei, 5668: Fifty-five year old Harris Lebus, the native of Hull, who after learning the furniture making trade from his cabinet-maker father joined with his brother Herman Andrew Harris to form Harris Lebus, “the largest furniture factory in the world” passed away today.

http://www.harrislebus.com/

1908: “Nathan Straus received many congratulations” today “on the occasion of the sixteenth anniversary of the starting his plan to save the babies of the poor by the dispensation of pasteurized milk at minimum cost and when necessary, at no cost whatever.”

1909: Birthdate of Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana from 1958 until 1966. Nkrumah was President of Ghana when it gained its independence from Britain. Under Nkrumah, Ghana established strong economic and political ties with Israel. Like many other newly independent African states, Ghana saw Israel as a source for training in modern technology that would attempt to establish a pseudo-colonial relationship. Israel saw these joint efforts as a way of off-setting the petro-power of the Arab nations. Among other things, Ghana and Israel formed a joint ocean cargo and shipping line called Black Star. Unfortunately, Nkrumah lost his moral compass and was deposed in 1966l A year later, Israel’s African friends would turn on her and succumb to threats of an Arab led shut off of petroleum following the Six Days War.

1910: “Ezrah,” the first Ashkenazi community organization is founded in Montevideo, Uruguay.

1911: On Thursday evening Joseph H. Hertz is formally installed as Rabbi of Congregation Orach Chayim in Manhattan.

1912)10^thof Tishrei, 5673): Yom Kippur

1912: Houdini performed “The Chinese Water Torture Cell” escape for the first time in public today at the Circus Bush in Berlin.

1913: Three days after he had passed away fifty-eight year old Czech born William W. Pollak, the husband of Marie Lederer Pollak with whom he had eight children passed is scheduled to buried in Mayfield Cemetery in Cleveland Heights.

1914(1^stof Tishrei, 5675): As Jews on all fronts of the Great War celebrate Rosh Hashanah, on the Western Front, German and Allied Forces plan their next move following the Battle of the Marne – the fight that saved France from crushing defeat in the first month of conflict.

1914: In an attempt to do away with “mushroom synagogues” – “temporary synagogues organized for unattached Jews for the observance of New Year’s and the Day of Atonement – the Kehillah in New York is hosting services at the Technical School for Girls, the Young Women’s Hebrew Association building on 5^th Avenue and Educational Alliance with no charge for seats.

1915: It was reported today that “Djemal Pasha is especially annoyed because of the Zion Mule Corps which consists of volunteers from among the Jewish refugees from Palestine who are engaged in transport work at Gallipoli.

1915: It was reported today that “Djemal Pasha has announced he will extirpate Zionism root and branch and that not a single Jew will be allowed to re-enter Palestine.”

1915: Today, “the American warship Chester arrived at Alexandria from Jaffa” carrying “nearly 400 British, French and Russian subjects.

1915: The American warship Des Moines is expected to arrive at Alexandria having left Jaffa with a large contingent of refugees that included 200 Jews, many of whom have been expelled by Djemal Pasha because he thinks they are Zionists.

1916: “The rejection by ‘democratic’ Jewish organizations” in the United States “of the peace plan for an American Jewish Congress to demand equal rights for Jews in other countries was considered at a meeting of the Executive Committee of the Conference of National Jewish Organizations” led by President Louis Marshall which took place today at the Hotel Astor.

1916: U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis spoke at reception given in his honor tonight by Zionist leaders during which he “pledged to give $6,000 to the Zionist movement on the condition that Boston Jews succeed in raising the remaining $18,000 of the $24,000 pledged at the Hebrew Congress in Philadelphia last Spring.”

1916: “Congressman Meyer London, the only Socialist in Congress spoke briefly on the Mexican situation at a dinner and reception given in his honor” tonight during which “he praised President Wilson for having avoided war with Mexico and asserted that it was indeed a strange sensation to stand alone against all of the other Congressman when the Mexican Expedition was under discussion.

1916: Birthdate of Lea France Gourdji, the daughter of Turkish-Jewish parents who gained fame as Françoise Giroud, whose accomplishments included co-founding influential political weekly L’Express to advance the agenda of French-Jewish politician Pierre Mendès France.

1917: It was reported today that Djemal Pasha, the military governor of Syria has been deposed the government.

1917: In Russia, proclamations were circulated today “accusing the Jews of attempting to assassinate Alexander Kerensky and overthrow the new regime.”

1917: In Zhitomir, Russia, “peasants demanded a Tsar instead of a ‘Jewish ministry.’”

1918(15th of Tishrei, 5679): First Day of Sukkoth

1918: Birthdate of Connecticut native, director and producer Harold Loeb whose best known film maybe the comic war movie “Kelly’s Hero” who should not be confused with author and publisher Harold Albert Loeb the son of Kun, Loeb investment banker Albert Loeb and Rose Loeb a cousin of Peggy Guggenheim.

1918: During WW I, British cavalrymen under the command of General Allenby captured the 3,000 man Turkish garrison at Nazareth.

1918: During WW I, as British forces fought to liberate Eretz Israel from Ottoman rule, the RAF and RAAF conducted “the most devastating aerial attack of the war” in which “fifty aircraft bombed and machine gunned the Turks” who were trying to escape from Nablus and cross the Jordan River where they mistakenly thought they would be safe from further attack.

1920(9^thof Tishrei, 5681): Erev Yom Kippur; Kol Nidre

1920: Rabbi Max Reichler is scheduled to deliver a sermon on “An Attuned Soul” this evening at Sinai Temple.

1920: Rabbi Harris is scheduled to deliver a sermon on “Slander” this evening at Temple Israel on Lenox Avenue.

1920: Rabbi Nathan Blichman is scheduled to deliver a sermon “Our Spiritual Reawakening” at Congregation Montefiore.

1920: Rabbi Nathan Stern is scheduled to deliver a sermon “Arresting a Catastrophe” this evening at West End Synagogue.

1920: Rabbi Aaron Eiseman is scheduled to deliver a sermon on “A New Jew’s Motto” this evening at the Mt. Neboh Congregation on Broadway.

1921: Sir Ernest Joseph Cassel, German-born, British merchant and banker passed away. It was not until he died that most people discovered that Cassel had converted to Roman Catholicism at the behest of his wife.

1921: Abraham Calechman and his wife gave birth to Harold Ralph Calechman, “the brother of Milton Calechman.”

1922: Today “virtually the same day the Palestine Mandate was approved by the League of Nations; “the US Congress passed a joint resolution stating its support for a homeland in Palestine for the Jewish people but not at the expense of other cultures present at the time,”

1922: U.S. President Harding signed a joint resolution of congress expressing approval of the establishment of a national home for the Jewish People in Eretz Yisrael. Passing resolutions was just about all of the support that the Jews would get when it came to support for a Jewish Homeland in Palestine. Another element that is often overlooked is the lack of strong support for a Jewish Homeland in Palestine. Large segments of Orthodox Jews opposed the Zionists because the movement ran contrary to waiting for the Messiah. And large numbers of Reform Jews opposed it because it ran contrary to their assimilation goals.

1923: Chinka Chana Zaid and Yosef Yechiel Zaid, HaKohen gave birth to Yehuda and Israel Zaid.

1924: In Brooklyn, “Benjamin Koslow, an electrician and the former Ruth Sachs” gave birth to Howard Bertram Koslow, the painter and illustrator who gained fame as the designer of stamps for the U.S. Postal Service. (As reported by William Grimes)

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/02/arts/design/howard-koslow-dies-at-91-artist-designed-stamps-for-40-years.html?hpw&rref=obituaries&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=well-region&region=bottom-well&WT.nav=bottom-well

1925(3^rdof Tishrei, 5686): Tzom Gedaliah

1926: Herman Bernstein, the Polish born American author and editor of The Jewish Tribune was inundated with telegrams and letters congratulating him on the celebration of his 50th birthday. The expression of best wishes came from a variety of Jewish and non-Jewish leaders including David Belasco, Colonel Edward M. House, Louis Marshall and Felix M. Warburg.

1926: In Cleveland, Ohio, businessman William J. Glaser and his wife Lena gave birth to Donald Arthur Glaser an American physicist and neurobiologist who won the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the invention of the bubble chamber."

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/05/science/donald-glaser-nobel-winner-in-physics-dies-at-86.html?hpw

1926(13^thof Tishrei, 5687): Sixty-three year old Louis Grossman the Austrian born American Reform Rabbi who served the Plum Street Temple in Cincinnati, Ohio for thirty years passed away today.

1927: “Oh, Kay!” a musical with music by George Gershwin, lyrics by Ira Gershwin opened at His Majesty’s Theatre in London.

1927: “The Student Prince in Old Heidelberg” a silent film directed and produced by Ernst Lubitsch starring Norma Shearer was released today in the United States today.

1928: Catcher Ike Danning made his major league debut with the St. Louis Brown.

1928: Sam and Annie Stein Lazarus gave birth to Irwin Milton “Bootsy” Lazarus their fourth son, the others being Jacob Mendel Lazarus, Leon Albert Lazarus and Ralph Lazarus.

1929: “The Oxford students who defended the Jews in the Arab attack in Jerusalem arrived in London from Palestine today in charge of the Rev. Graham Brown principal of Wycliffe Hall. ..The father of one of the students who met them at the ship said that the Jewish community of Tel Aviv presented each with a special memento…The students are all young men studying for the ministry…They were pleased at having enrolled in the police force and at having aided in restoring order in Jerusalem.”

1929: Birthdate of Elsa Rabinowitz, the native of Charleston, SC who gained fame as actress Elsa Raven who played “Ida Straus” in the blockbuster “Titanic.”

1929: “Illusion” an early “talkie” produced by B. P. Schulberg and featuring Lillian Roth was released by Paramount Pictures today.

1929: Eighty-three year old Nathaniel E. Harris who was the governor of Georgia when Leo Frank was lynched passed away today.

1931: “Graft” a thriller produced by Samuel Bischoff was released in the United States today by Universal Pictures.

1930(28^thof Elul, 5690): Forty-two year old Ukrainian born Mania Krimgold Lispector, the wife of Pinkhas Lispector and the mother of author Clarice Lispector, passed away today as a refugee in Brazil having had to live with the memories of rape and the reality of paralysis.

1930(28^thof Elul, 5690) Fifty-five year old philanthropist Florence Meyer Blumenthal, the daughter of Harriet Newmark Meyer and Marc Eugene Meyer and the sister of Eugene Meyer, Jr the owner and publisher who turned the Washington Post into one of the nation’s leading newspapers in its day passed away today.

https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/blumenthal-florence-meyer

1933(1st of Tishrei, 5694): American Jews observe a New Year living for the first time under The New Deal.

1933: In Manhattan, at the Free Synagogue, Rabbi Stephen S. Wise is scheduled to deliver a sermon on “Addicted to the Infinite.”

1933: On Long Island, at the Rockaway Park Hebrew Congregation, Rabbi Robert Gordis is scheduled to deliver a sermon on “New Ideals for an Aging World.”

1934: In the Westmount neighborhood of Montreal, Nathan Cohen and Marsha (Masha) Klonitsky, the daughter of Rabbi Solomon Klonitsky-Kline gave birth to singer/songwriter Leonard Cohen

http://www.leonardcohen.com/us/home

1935: “Jubilee” a musical comedy with a book by Moss Hart at the Shubert Theatre in Boston today for a three-week pre-Broadway run.

1935(23rd of Elul, 5695): After a long illness Henry Samuel Morais passed away today at the House of the Incurables in the Bronx, New York. Born in Philadelphia, PA in 1860, he was the son of Rabbi Sabato Morais, a well-known national Jewish leader, Rabbi of Congregation Mikveh Israel of Philadelphia, and founder of the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York. Morais attended different private and public schools for his secular education, while he received a traditional religious education from his father. After his schooling he taught for twelve years in the schools of the Hebrew Education Society and in the Hebrew Sabbath-Schools of Philadelphia. He was interested in a time in law but abandoned it to pursue a literary career. He contributed art icles on various subjects to secular and Jewish papers including current matters in Judaism, Jewish literary topics, and other general questions. He wrote for journals all over the United States, although, of course, most of his material was published along the east coast, especially in Philadelphia. In 1887 he was the principal founder of the Philadelphia Jewish Exponent, a weekly newspaper that represented a traditional religious point-of-view, and served as managing editor for its first two years. After leaving the Jewish Exponent he joined the special staff of the Philadelphia Public Ledger and became its editor in 1894. He was also the editor of two other journals in Philadelphia during this time: the Musical and Dramatic Standard and the Hebrew Watchword and Instructor. Along with his journalistic activities Morais took active part in the cultural and intellectual life of Philadelphia. He was the founder and president of Doreshe Da'ath Society, a Jewish literary and intellectual group, founder and executive director of the Philadelphia Musical and the Philadelphia Concert Company, and was also involved with the American Jewish Historical Society, along with his father, during its formative years in the late 1890s and early 1900s. Besides his journalistic efforts and the works which he published (see below for an annotated bibliography) Morais used his religious background and education along with his former teaching experience to enter the Rabbinate where he became known as an articulate speaker, as a Jewish educator to both adults and children, and as a communal leader. He was asked quite often by different synagogues to deliver guest sermons on special Sabbaths and the holidays. As a Rabbi, Morais was respected by and appealed to an American-born, English-speaking constituency committed to the ideals of traditional Judaism. Morais himself held strong views against the Reform movement in America and became embroiled in a number of controversies concerning statements which he made against Reform Judaism. Morais was nevertheless unable to find security in the Rabbinical profession and he held numerous pulpits. Morais' first position was in Philadelphia, where he became acting minister in Congregation Mikveh Israel, 1897-1898, upon his father's death. After a brief illness Morais left Philadelphia to accept a position in Congregation Adath Jeshurun, Syracuse, New York, where he served as Rabbi in 1899-1900, and 1902-1903. In 1900-1901 he served as Rabbi to Congregation Jeshuath Israel, Newport, Rhode Island. After leaving Syracuse he came to New York where he remained for the rest of his life. He founded and became Rabbi of Congregation Mikveh Israel in New York City. Successive pulpits for Morais included: Congregation Sons of Israel, Brooklyn, New York; Congregation Derech Emunah, Arverne, Long Island; Congregation Pincus Elijah, New York City, and the Congregation of Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, New York. Morais never married; he kept in close contact with his brother and sisters and maintained a large group of friends with whom he corresponded -- indeed many of these people were major figures within the American Jewish community and their correspondence appears in this collection.

1936: More than seventy people including Benjamin Winter, chairman of the Federation of Polish Jews in America, Sam Rosoff, Judge Jeremiah T. Mahoney, Harry Hershfield, Dr. Alexander Rosenfeld, the vice present of the Maccabee Association and Egon Pollak, a former start of the Hakoah team of Vienna were among those who attended a luncheon at Jack Dempsey’s Restaurant today in honor of the visiting Maccabee Palestine soccer team.

1936: Having spent the las four months in Europe and the Near East, half of which was spent in Palestine, “B. Charney Valdeck, president of the American Ort Federation and general manager of the Jewish Daily Forward arrived back in the United States aboard the Queen Mary and declared that he was “more convinced than ever that Zionism is a political mistake.”

1936: “Because he had published a charge of ritual murder and other libels against the Jews, Arnold Spence Leese, a 57 year-old veterinary surgeon and editor of the violently anti-Semitic newspaper The Fascist, was sentenced to six month imprisonment at Old Bailey today” and his printer Walter Whitehead was fined 20 pounds and ordered held in jail until the fine was paid.”

1936: In address given tonight at Amsterdam, Dr. Chaim Weizmann, the president of the Jewish Agency “emphatically denied reports that he had consented to a temporary halting of Jewish emigration to Palestine” saying that “neither British police nor Arab terrorists can stop Jewish emigration to Palestine.”

1937(16^thof Tishrei, 5698): Second Day of Sukkoth)

1937: The Palestine Post reported that David Ben-Gurion, Moshe Shertok (Sharett), and Nahum Goldman were present at the opening meeting of the Sixth Committee of the League of Nations in Geneva. In his opening address M. Lange of Norway compared the Palestinian situation to 'the squaring of a circle,' but added that 'humanity owes a debt of gratitude to Jewry.' The Sixth Committee waited for the arrival of British Foreign Minister Anthony Eden to start the Palestine debate.

1937: Catcher Harry Chozen made his major league début with the Cincinnati Reds.

1937: Elias E. Sugarman, the editor of Billboard, married “Yiddish torch singer Belle Baker,” in what was her third trip to the altar.

1938: “Dr. Chaim Weizmann, president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, in a message received today sent by the United Palestine Appeal, called upon American Jews to engage in "sacrificial, national self-taxation" to provide $5,000,000 during the year for settlement and defense of the Jewish community in Palestine.”

1938: According to a cablegram received in New York by Hadassah, “eighty-two Jewish children from 15 to 17 years of age left Germany and Austria the week for permanent settlement in Palestine” and that children will join “2,400 0thers from Germany, Austria and Poland” that have already been brought to Palestine by Youth Aliyah.”

1939: Sigmund Freud, who is suffering acute pain from the cancer of the palate “asks his physician to administer enough morphine to end the pain.

1939: “The Soviets and the Germans signed a formal agreement coordinating military movements in Poland including the ‘purging’ of saboteurs, after which “a joint German-Soviet parade was held in Lvov and Brest-Litovsk. (Two years later Nazi tanks would be rolling towards Moscow and Stalin’s folly would be obvious to all except the most loyal Comrades who did not want a trip to Siberia or worse.)

1939: Heydrich, the Chief of the Reich Central Security Office, held a conference in Berlin to discuss the long-term future of Polish Jewry. During the conference, Heydrich stated that there was an ultimate plan for dealing with the Jews, the first step of which called for the concentration. He orders chiefs of Einsatzgruppen to establish, in cooperation with German civil and military authorities, Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland. He decrees that all Jewish communities in Poland and Greater Germany with populations under 500 are to be dissolved, so that deportations of Jews to urban ghettos and concentration camps can be accelerated. Further, Heydrich orders the establishment of ghetto Judenräte (Jewish councils). The main goals of the ghettoization process are to isolate Jews, force them to manufacture items for Germany, and provide easy Nazi access for murder and deportation.

1939: “The first actual Judenräte were established in occupied Poland by Reinhard Heydrich's orders on 21 September 1939, soon after the end of the German assault on Poland.”

1940: “City of Conquest” a film noir directed and produced by Antole Litvak with music by Max Steiner and featuring George Tobias was released in the United States today.

1941(29th of Elul, 5701): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1941: Birthdate of Paul Cowan, the husband of Rabbi Rachel Cowan and “a journalist of strong social passions whose book An Orphan in History influenced thousands of assimilated Jews like himself to recover their Jewish heritage.

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/01/obituaries/rabbi-rachel-cowan-dead.html

1942(10th of Tishrei, 5703): Yom Kippur

1942(10th of Tishrei, 5703): Nazis sent over 1.000 Jews of Pidhaytsi (west Ukraine) to Belzec extermination camp.

1942: On Yom Kippur the Germans ordered Konstantynów Jews (Poland) to permanently evacuate Konstantynów and move to the Ghetto - established in Biała Podlaska meant to hold Jews from nearby 7 towns including Konstantynów, Janów Podlaski, Rossosz andTerespol

1942(10th of Tishrei, 5703): In Dunaivtsi, Ukraine, Nazis murder 2588 Jews.

1942: Open-pit burning of bodies begins at Auschwitz in place of burial. The decision is made to dig up and burn those already buried (107,000 corpses) to prevent the fouling of ground water and to hide evidence of atrocities.

1943: In Greece, Rabbi Barzilai was commanded to establish a Jewish Council and to take the necessary steps to carry out the deportation of all the Greek Jews.

1943: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee announced today that “Max S. Perlman, the former New York City relief supervisor plans to depart soon to engage in rehabilitation activities for Jews in North Africa,” including those are natives to the area as well as refugees from Europe.

1943: Birthdate of Jerry Bruckheimer, movie and television producer. The CSI television series is one of his most famous “television franchises.”

1944: Today, in what would prove to be an ill-fated mission, “Haviva Reik, a Jewish paratrooper from pre-state Palestine and emissary of the Hagana… was dropped near Banská Bystrica, which was then the center of the Slovakian Rebellion. Her mission was to establish contact with Rabbi Weissmandel and Gisi Fleischmann, the leaders of the “Working Group.”

1945: “Pope Pius XII received WJC Secretary General Leon Kubowitzki in audience, who recounted to the pope the "great losses" suffered by the Jews during the war and expressed gratitude for what the church had done to help "our persecuted people." Kubowitzki suggested a papal encyclical on the Catholic Church’s attitude toward the Jews and a condemnation of anti-Semitism. "We will consider it," Pius XII reportedly replied, adding: "certainly, most favorably, with all our love." The WJC also urged the Vatican to assist in the recovery of Jewish children saved by Catholics during the Holocaust.”

1946(25^thof Elul, 5706): Parashat Nitzavim-Vayeilech; Leil Selichot

1946: “General Joseph T. McNarney, the United States commander in Europe, said today that the movement of Jewish refugees from the American zone of Germany toward Palestine had virtually ceased since the British blockaded Palestine.”

1947: Birthdate of Bulgarian born Israeli actress Levana Finkelstein.

http://levanafinkelstein.com/

1948: "Texaco Star Theater" with Milton Berle premieres on NBC-TV. Uncle Miltie as he came to be called by his millions of fans was the son of Moses and Sadie Berlinger.

1949(27th of Elul, 5709): Fifty-seven year old Elinor Morgentahau, the wife of Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau, Jr and close friend of Eleanor Roosevelt passed away today.

http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=12237013

1950(10^thof Tishrei, 5711): Yom Kippur

1951: Reuben Shiloah, special adviser to Israel on Arab affairs arrived in Paris this morning bearing a copy of his government’s “offer to sign non-aggression pacts with each of her four Arab neighbors- Egypt, Syria, Lebanon and Jordan.”

1951: Maurice Fischer, a minster with the Israeli government presented Israel’s offer to sign a non-aggression pact with her four Arab neighbors to the United Nations Palestine Conciliation Commission.

1951: “Five Israel soldiers were wounded, three of them seriously, in ambush south of the Dead Sea” that was believed to have been conducted by Arab infiltrators from Jordan.

1952(2^ndof Tishrei, 5713): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1952(2^ndof Tishrei, 5713): Sixty-seven year old Sir Montague Maurice Burton, a refugee from the Russian pogroms and founder of Burton on London which became one of the UK’s largest clothing chain who married Sophie Marks and was knighted in 1931 passed away this evening “while speaking after a dinner in Leeds.”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_(retailer)

1952: The Jerusalem Post reported that according to the East German Minister of Agriculture, his country had so far done nothing about compensating Israel for the Nazi persecution, because Jews had made no concrete application. East Germany had 'no basic objection' to discuss an appropriate compensation. East Germany, the Communist side of Germany never did go through a de-Nazification program. Their contention was that by adopting Communism, they had atoned for any sins of the past. In addition to which, they contended that the West German government had all of the former Nazis and their regime was made up of those who had been anti-Nazis. As any honest reading of history would question many of these claims especially when you consider that it was a pact between Hitler and Stalin that gave Hitler the green light for the attack on Poland and the subsequent attacks on the nations of western Europe and England.

1952: Jordan returned, two Israeli soldiers kidnapped in the Latrun area, after three months of captivity.

1953: It was reported today that the survivors of Abraham Panken include his sons Harold and Morton; his daughters Sylvia and Clara; two brothers Louis and Novie; and a sister, Mrs. Celia Lieberman.

1954: In Concord, MA, Marian (née Goodrich), a teacher, and Cass Richard Sunstein, a builder, gave birth to Cass Robert Sunstein, “a US legal scholar, particularly in the fields of constitutional law, administrative law, environmental law, and law and behavioural economics, who was the Administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs in the Obama administration”

1955: After having been diagnosed with cancer of the jawbone while writing songs for “Pipe Dream,” Richard underwent surgery today that “required removal of part of the jawbone and tongue and some of the lymph nodes.”

1955: “Killer’s Kiss,” “directed by Stanley Kubrick who wrote the script along with Howard Sackler” premiered in New York today.

1955: As Egypt continued to contest the settling of a stable border with Israel, the IDF entered the dmz in the vicinity of Nitzana/Auja and “evicted the Egyptian military personnel stationed there” and then withdrew when the Egyptians agreed not to interfere with the setting of border markers.

1955: Birthdate of Ashkelon native YIsrael Katz, the right wing MP who has served as Minister of Transportation and Minister of Intelligence.

https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=69

1956(16^thof Tishrei, 5717): Second Day of Sukkoth

1956: Birthdate of Marta Fran Kauffman, the graduate of Brandeis who helped create the sitcom “Friends.”

1956: “The Law Wagon,” a westerner co-starring Susan Kohner and featuring music by Lionel Newman was released in the United States today.

1957: Birthdate of writer and producer Marta Kauffman who co-created the popular sitcom “Friends” and who is married to Michael Skloff who composed the show’s theme song.

1957: Birthdate of film director Ethan Coen. He and his brother Joel are the film making duo known as the Coen Brothers.

1957: In Queensland, Albert ("Bert") and Margaret (née DeVere) Rudd gave birth to “Australian prime minister Kevin Rudd who in 2008 told more than 1,000 people at a memorial service at the Yeshiva Center in New South Wales that Rabbi Gavriel Holtzberg and his wife, Rivkah, had “devoted their lives to acts of goodness and kindness and compassion for others ... but they lost their lives in a senseless act of hatred

1959: Birthdate of Leonid Borisovich Nevzlin, a Russian-Israeli businessman

1959(18^thof Elul, 5719): Ninety-two year old Kentucky born son of Ester and Moritz Flexner and Johns Hopkins graduate Abraham Flexner, the creator of the Flexner Report which examined the state of American medical education passed away today

https://www.ias.edu/scholars/flexner

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/mss/eadxmlmss/eadpdfmss/2003/ms003042.pdf

1960(29th of Elul, 5720): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1961: Birthdate of Queens native and Colgate educated multi-millionaire J.Darius Bkoff the founder of Energy Brands.

http://www.boxnewsbox.com/the-20-worlds-richest-persian-entrepreneurs-2016/9/

1962: Eighty year old Princess George of Greece and Denmark, a financial supporter of Sigmund Freud who played a major role in his escape from the Nazis in Austria and settling in England passed away today.

1963(3^rdof Tishrei, 5724): Shabbat Shuvah observed for the last time during the Presidency of John Kennedy

1964(15^thof Tishrei, 5725): Sukkoth

1964: The island of Malta gains its independence from Great Britain. The Jewish presence in Malta probably dates back to when Israelites accompanied Phoenicians on trips across the Mediterranean. There is archeological evidence of Jewish presence dating from the Hellenistic period in the form of carvings of seven-branch candelabrums and inscription written in catacombs. By the time Malta gained its independence, the Jewish community was a shadow of its former self. Today the small community continues to exist observing the Shabbat and holding services led by lay people since there is no rabbi.

1964: Steve Allen replaced Gary Moore as host of “I’ve Got a Secret” the popular game show produced by Mark Goodson, Bill Todman and Allan Sherman

1966: “The instrumental of the first version of the “Good Vibrations” was recorded today for the last time today by the Beach Boys, whose drummer was Hal Blaine, the son of Meyer Belsky and the former Rose Silverman.

1966: Birthdate of Tuscaloosa, AL native John Cohen “the former head baseball coach and current A.D. at Mississippi State.

1969(9^thof Tishrei): Erev Yom Kippur

1969: In Camden, NJ, President Martin Odlen read Beth El’s Golden Jubilee Proclamation which began,

"In the Beginning G-d created Beth El as a dream in the hearts of men".

1970: Birthdate of Samantha Power, the wife of Cass Sunstein, who was the 28^thUnited States Ambassador to the United Nations and whom Mike Abramowitz, Director of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum's Center for the Prevention of Genocide described as part of “a small group of people that really care about genocide prevention and prevention of mass atrocities” and who is “a real champion for those issue at the highest levels of government.”

1970(20^thof Elul, 5730): Eliyahu Lopian, the native of Grajewo, Poland, known as Reb Elyah, who was among the most prominent rabbis of the Mussar Movement passed away today.

http://matzav.com/rav-elya-lopian-ztl-on-his-41st-yahrtzeit-today-20-elul-2/

1970: ABC broadcast the first episode of “The Young Lawyer” the legal drama with scripts by Harlan Ellison, starring Lee J. Cobb and Zalman King and music by Lalo Schifrin.

1970: Monday Night Football premieres. Monday night football redefined American viewing and social habits for at least two decades. The surprising hit program featured three voices in the broadcast booth, the most unique of which was Howard Cossell. Once again, a Jew played a major role in creating a venue of American pop culture. While everybody thinks of Cossell as the quintessential “New York Jew” he actually was born in North Carolina.

1971(2^ndof Tishrei, 5732): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1971: Sixty year old Max Merten who went from persecutor of the Jews of Salonika to a lawyer in post-war West Berlin died today. (Justice?)

https://csus-dspace.calstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10211.3/182732/2016ArcherWilliam.pdf?sequence=1

1973(24^thof Elul, 5733): Eighty-five year old Oscar award winning composer and arranger Charles Previn who was the great-uncle of Andre Previn and Steve Previn passed away today.

1973(24^thof Elul, 5733): Seventy-seven year old Russian born Canadian politician John Judah Glass who “represented St. Andrew in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1934 to 1943 as a Liberal member” passed away today in Toronto.

1973: The U.S. Senate confirmed Henry Kissinger as Secretary of State. Kissinger was the first Jewish person to hold the position.

1974(5^thof Tishrei, 5735): Shabbat Shuva

1974(5^thof Tishrei, 5735): Seventy-six year old Minsk born University of Missouri graduate Irving Fagan the journalist specializing in labor affairs who was an “editor of the Labor Press Association.

1975(5^thof Tishrei, 5735): Fifty-tree year old best-selling novelist Jaqueline Susann passed away today. (As reported by Laurie, Johnston)

http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/01/04/home/susann-obit.html?mcubz=1

https://jwa.org/thisweek/aug/20/1921/birth-of-novelist-jacqueline-susanne

1975(16^thof Tishrei, 5736): Seventy-one year old Russian born Harvard trained attorney Morris Ploscowe passed away today.

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E05EED61339E63BBC4A51DFBF66838E669EDE

1975: Warner Brothers released “Dog Day Afternoon” directed by Sidney Lumet and co-produced by Martin Bregman.

1975: “Soviet authorities intervened in Succoth picnic held in the woods near Moscow by Russian Jews and visiting Israeli athletes; tearing down Israeli flag.”

1976: East Berlin registered Rykestraße Synagogue as a monument, so public subsidies flowed for the renovations in 1986/1987

1977(9th of Tishrei, 5738): Erev Yom Kippur

1977(9th of Tishrei, 5738): Ben-Zion Halfon an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment between 1969 and 1977 passed away. “Born in Tripoli in Libya in 1930, Halfon was a member of a Zionist youth movement. In 1947 he attempted to make aliyah to Mandate Palestine via Italy, aboard the Aliyah Bet ship Medinat HeYehudit. However, he was detained by the British authorities and sent to an internment camp in Cyprus. The following year he reached Israel, and joined the Palmach's Yiftach Brigade, with whom he fought in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. He was involved in helping other Libyan Jews who had made aliyah, and in 1949 he was amongst the founders of moshav Hatzav. He became involved in the Southern branch of the Moshavim Movement, and became the movement's representative in the Labor Party. He served as national co-ordinator of the movement's purchasing organization and on the board of the Agricultural Bank. In 1969 he was elected to the Knesset on the Alignment list (an alliance of the Labor Party and Mapam), and was appointed Deputy Minister of Agriculture on 22 December that year. He was re-elected in 1973 but lost his portfolio. He lost his seat in the May 1977 elections, and died in a traffic collision near Gedera junction a few months later aged 47. In 2006, the archaeological museum in Nitzana was named after him.

1981: Albert Shanker, the President of the American Federation of Teachers “had dinner with a personal friend who was also a member of the Federal Labor Relations Authority” today which later led charges that his had been an improper “ex parte contact.”

1982(4^thof Tishrei, 5743): Eighty-two- year-old New York City born C.P.A “Alfred R. Bachrach, former president of Congregation Emanu-El of the City of New York and a longtime leader in Jewish charitable and civic affairs” and the husband of “the former Alice v. Rothschild” with whom he had three children – Robert, John and Ellin – passed away today.

https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/22/obituaries/alfred-r-bachrach-82-led-temple-emanu-el.html

1984: “All of Me” a Carl Reiner comedy featuring Selma Diamond was released today in the United States.

1986: Jewish golfer Corey Pavin won the Greater Milwaukee Open

1987: Three molecular biologists who have helped revolutionize understanding of one of the body's main immune defense systems and a psychiatrist whose research has had profound influence on the medical treatment of depression were named winners of the 1987 Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards yesterday. The winners are Dr. Susumu Tonegawa, a professor of biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Dr. Philip Leder, chairman of the department of genetics at Harvard Medical School and Dr. Leroy Hood, chairman of the division of biology of California Institute of Technology and Dr. Mogens Schou, director of psychopharmacology research at Aarhus University Psychiatric Institute in Denmark. The awards were funded by Albert Lasker, the successful Jewish advertising executive.

1988(10^thof Tishrei, 5749): Yom Kippur

1988(10^thof Tishrei, 5749): Eighty-three year old movie director Harvey Koster passed away today.  (As reported by Andrew L. Yarrow)

http://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/27/obituaries/henry-koster-83-director-of-harvey-and-bishop-s-wife.html

1990: “The Tall Guy” starring Jeff Goldblum and featuring Jason Isaacs in his first movie role was released today in the United States by Miramax.

1991: Birthdate of actress Zoe Weisenbaum.

1991: Nadine Brozan described the new role played by Evelyn Lauder in the fight against breast cancer.

http://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/21/style/chronicle-657091.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm

1992(23^rdof Elul, 5752): Seventy-six year old Harry J. Sonneborn, the child of Hoosier Jews who was “the first president and chief executive of McDonald’s Corporation” passed away today.

http://forward.com/culture/360991/the-secret-jewish-history-of-mcdonalds/?utm_content=culture_Newsletter_MainList_Title_Position-1&utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Automated%20Culture%202017-01-24&utm_term=Arts

1992(23^rdof Elul, 5752): Eighty-four year old Harvard graduate and philanthropist Felix Warburg who pursued a career in the field of art instead of banking passed away today.

https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/22/obituaries/edward-warburg-philanthropist-and-patron-of-the-arts-dies-at-84.html

 1993: At the Toronto Film Festival, premiere of “A Bronx Tale” produced by Jane Rosenthal.

1994(16^thof Tishrei, 5755): Second Day of Sukkot

1994(16^thof Tishrei, 5755): Eighty-four year old Columbia Law School trained attorney and WWII veteran Arthur Krim, the husband Mathilde Krim who combined a legal career with motion picture production and Democratic Party politics.

http://www.columbia.edu/cu/record/archives/vol20/vol20_iss4/record2004.15.html

1995(26^thof Elul, 5755): Ninety-two year old Minnesota tackle Louis Gross whose proficiency as an athlete and student during the 1920’s earned him Walter Camp honors as well as the Western Conference’s Medal for athletic and academic performance, passed away today.

1995: NBC broadcasts the first show of the seventh season of “Seinfeld.”

1995: NBC broadcast the first episode of “The Single Guy,” a sitcom starring Jonathan Silverman, the son of a sabra and the grandson of Rabbi Morris Silverman and Jessica Hecht.

1996(8^thof Tishrei, 5757): Shabbat Shuva

1996(8^thof Tishrei, 5757): Eighty-six year old New York native and NYU trained attorney Leo Isacson who appeared to upset the political applecart when he was elected to House of Representatives as a member of the American Labor Party in what appeared to be a leg up for Henry Wallace’s bid to win the White House passed away today.

http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=I000046

1997:The New York Times book section featured reviews by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including Aryeh Lev Stollman's first novel, The Far Euphrates and the latest collection of short stories by Deborah Eisenberg entitled All Around Atlantis.

1997: Broadcast of the first episode of Season Seven of “The Simpsons” developed by James L. Brooks and Sam Simon and featuring the voice of Harry Shearer.

1998(1st of Tishrei, 5759): Rosh Hashanah

1998: Publication of Pulitzer Prize winning author A. Scott Berg’s biography of “the Lone Eagle” simply titled Lindbergh.

1998: CBS broadcast the first episode of “King of Queens” a sit-com co-starring Jerry Stiller as “Arthur Spooner.”

1999: NBC broadcast the first episode of the second season of “Will and Grace” the sitcom created by David Kohan and Max Mutchnick.

2000: Today, a week before Rosh Hashanah, Zvi Dershowitz whose family fled his native Czechoslovakia just before the Nazi invasion and who served as the rabbi for Sinai Temple in Los Angeles led services at the Twin Towers Correctional Facility and the Men's Central Jail in Los Angeles/

2000: The Appellate Court of Fars Province announced their decision on the appeal by the imprisoned Iranian Jews convicted of spying for Israel. In the days leading up to the announcement there were strong indications that the appeals court would overturn the earlier decision or release a number of the defendants. Despite these reports, the court only reduced the sentences of the 10 Jewish prisoners but did not overturn the guilty verdicts or release any of the prisoners.

2001(4^thof Tishrei, 5762): Seventy-four year old NYU graduate and WW II veteran Lewis Rudin the real estate mogul who founded NADAP with his brother Jack passed a way today.

https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/21/nyregion/lewis-rudin-head-real-estate-family-frequent-city-fiscal-savior-dies-74.html

2001: Jewish Women Watching published an advertisement in The New York Times asking Jewish women to hold their community accountable for sexism.

2002(15^thof Tishrei, 5763): Sukkoth

2002: Following two consecutive days of suicide bombings “the Israeli Army tightened its choke hold on Yasir Arafat today, demolishing all but one building in his compound and digging a trench around it, according to Palestinians inside.”

2002: It was reported today that “Harvard University's president, Lawrence H. Summers, used a quiet prayer meeting on the first day of classes here this week to condemn what he termed growing anti-Semitism at Harvard and elsewhere.”

2003: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including Who Killed Daniel Pearl? by Bernard-Henri Levy; translated by James X. Mitchell, A Mighty Heart :The Brave Life and Death of My Husband, Danny Pearl by Mariane Pearl with Sarah Crichton, An Execution in the Family: One Son's Journey by Robert Meeropol and Sixty-Six by Barry Levinson.

2004: In “A Pro-Nazi President, a Family Feeling the Effects,” published today Michiko Kakutani reviews The Plot Against America in which author Philip Roth creates a world where Charles Lindbergh had defeated FDR in the 1940 election.

https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/21/books/a-pronazi-president-a-family-feeling-the-effects.html?searchResultPosition=6

2005: Composer Danny Elfman Scores First Emmy Award published today.

http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/234561

2005: The Jerusalem Post reported that Simon Wiesenthal the famed Nazi hunter who died on Tuesday at the age of 96 will be buried in Jerusalem on Friday. During the 1950’s the non-Jewish world (some in the Jewish world as well) wanted to forget or ignore the Holocaust. Wiesenthal would not let the world forget what had happened. At times it seemed as if he were working almost single-handedly to bring those who had murdered six million Jews to Justice. When the world was ready to remember, Wiesenthal was there with the facts, figures and information.

2006: As the case against Moshe Katsav expanded, the number of complaints filed against him rose to a total of eight today.

2006: “Barbara Epstein and ‘The Diary of Anne Frank’” published today.

http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2006/sep/21/barbara-epstein-and-the-diary-of-anne-frank/

2006: Today, “Alan Hevesi admitted that he used Nicholas Acquafredda as a state employee to drive and aid his ailing wife.

2007: The top ten billionaires on Forbesmagazine’s list of the 400 richest Americans includes five Jews holding down four of these coveted positions: at number 3, Casino mogul Sheldon Adelson; at number 4, Larry Ellison CEO of Oracle Corp; tied for fifth Sergey Brin co-founder of Google; tied for tenth, Oil barons Charles and David H. Koch.

2007(9th of Tishrei, 5768): Erev Yom Kippur

2007: Kicker Josh Miller, who had been released by the New England Patriots, was signed by the Tennessee Titans.

2008: Israel’s TV industry was a big winner, if only indirectly, when this year’s Emmy award winners were announced today at the annual red carpet event in Los Angeles. Dianne Wiest, already a two-time Oscar winner, added an additional statuette to her collection by winning the best supporting actress award for “In Treatment,” HBO’s largely faithful adaptation of the hit 2005 Israeli drama “BeTipul.” The American version of the show features Wiest as Gina Toll, a therapist originally named Gila Abulafia and played on Israeli TV by stage and film veteran Gila Almagor. Wiest’s victory, over nominees from ABC-TV’s “Grey’s Anatomy,” “Boston Legal” and “Brothers and Sisters,” marked the second Emmy for the Israeli-inspired series. The win followed “In Treatment” performer Glynn Turman’s victory in the guest actor category

2008: In Washington, D.C., Darin Straus reads from his new novel, More Than It Hurts You.

2008: The YIVO Institute for Jewish Research presents “Nusakh Vilne Yizker and Memorial Lecture,” a program marking the 55th anniversary of the founding of Nusakh Vilne, and the 65th anniversary of the liquidation of the Vilna ghetto.

2008: The New York Times featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including Indignation by Phillip Roth, Left In Dark Times: A Stand Against the New Barbarism by Bernard-Henri Lévy; Translated by Benjamin Moser, Bumping Into Geniuses: My Life Inside the Rock and Roll Businessby Danny Goldberg and Hitler’s Empire: How the Nazis Ruled Europe by Mark Mazower.

2008: The Washington Post featured reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or about topics of Jewish interest including Angler: The Cheney Vice Presidency by Barton Gellman and The Trouble Begins at 8: A Life of Mark Twain in the Wild, Wild West by Sid Fleischman.

2008: Internationally-known performer DJ AM is listed in critical condition, two days after he reportedly saved his life by jumping from a burning plane while it was skidding down a runway in South Carolina Friday.DJ AM, whose real name is Adam Michael Goldstein, was airlifted from the scene suffering from serious burns.

2008: Bernard Lewis came to Tulane University in New Orleans to speak about the dangers to the world of the present regime in Iran. He claimed that the unpopular regime there would use its nuclear arms because it does not fear “mutual assured destruction,” believing that we are already at the end of days. The 91 and a half year-old scholar amazed everyone with his analysis, wit, and erudition, although his message was frightening for the Big Satan—the USA-- and for Little Satan—Israel.

2008, In an "epithet-laden" performance at Theater J of the Washington DC Jewish Community Center, Sandra Bernhard warned Vice Presidential candidate Sarah Palin that she would be gang-raped by Bernhard's "big black brothers" if she visited Manhattan

2009 (3 Tishrei, 5770): Fast of Gedaliah

2009: Michael “Bolton released his album ‘One World One Love’ in the United Kingdom” today.

2009: The Center for Jewish History and Center for Traditional Music and Dance present a lecture entitled "The Multi-Ethnic Music Cultures of Moldova" in which Walter Zev Feldman discusses the cultural history of this area of ethnic transformation and his recent expedition which discovered musicians of mixed ancestry still performing traditional Jewish music in his father's hometown of Edinets.

2009: The DCJCC presents a screening of “Holy Land Hardball,” a film that tells “the story of an unlikely group of players and executives who attempted to create Israel’s first professional baseball league in the summer of 2007.

2009: Israel's Davis Cup team returned home today with mixed emotions, but already focused on next year’s competition. Despite the disappointment of losing 4-1 to Spain in the semifinals of the competition, the players and captain felt they gave their all in Murcia and were proud of reaching the last four of the prestigious competition for the first time in Israeli history.

2009: The Commission of Experts on Reforms of the International Monetary and Financial System chaired by Joseph Stiglitz issued its final report today.

2009: Mark Helprin “ wrote a long defense of his book in today’s edition of National Review, which concluded: "Digital Barbarism is not as much a defense of copyright as it is an attack upon a distortion of culture that has become a false savior in an age of many false saviors.”

2010: The Center for Jewish History and Jewish Women's Archive are scheduled to present Remembering Grace Paley: A panel discussion, with excerpts from Lilly Rivlin's new film,

“Grace Paley: Collected Shorts”

2010: David Grossman’s novel Isha Borachat Mi’bsora (A Women Flees a Message) was published in English today under the name To the End of the Land.

2010: “Seven Minutes In Heaven” is scheduled to be shown at the 14th Annual Jewish Film Festival of Dallas (TX).

2010: Hundreds gathered in the rain in Riga’s Old City today for a ceremony to mark the partial opening of the Riga Ghetto Museum, which will commemorate the thriving Jewish community that was wiped out in the Holocaust.

2010(13^thof Tishrei, 5771): Ninety-two year old Shabtai Rosenne, an eminent professor of international law and Israeli diplomat passed away today in Jerusalem

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/12/shabtai-rosenne-obituary

http://www.theguardian.com/law/2010/sep/29/my-legal-hero-shabtai-rosenne

2011: Elizabeth Flock reviews the first book in 30 years that has been written and illustrated by Maurice Sendak.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blogpost/post/maurice-sendaks-new-book-scares--parents/2011/09/21/gIQAqoO1kK_blog.html

2011: Former President George W. Bush is scheduled to speak at Beth El Synagogue today.

2011: Thanks to the efforts of Johnson Reynolds, who considered Michael Levin both an Israeli and American hero, a flag which had been flown over the U.S. Capitol in memory of young soldier, was flown over his grave today at Mr. Herzl.

http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/210497/remembering-michael-levin-the-22-year-old-american-lone-soldier-who-was-killed-ten-years-ago-in-lebanon?utm_source=tabletmagazinelist&utm_campaign=f9bf167fa5-August_10_20168_10_2016&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_c308bf8edb-f9bf167fa5-206644398

2011(22^ndof Elul): Ninety two year old Chicago native Marvin “Mickey” Rottner the All-American basketball player at Loyola who played professional basketball after serving in WW II passed away today.

http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/chicagotribune/obituary.aspx?pid=153769163

2011: Jewish News One (JN1), the world’s first Jewish global 24hr news channel "that offers a new vision of current affairs," is scheduled to begin broadcasting today via satellite and will be available in Europe, America and the Middle East

2011(22nd of Elul): Yahrzeit of Joseph B. Levin – if it weren't for him, in more ways than one, none of this would exist proving that there is more than one way "to be inscribed in the book of life."

2012: Team Israel is scheduled to play either France or Spain in its second game at the World Baseball Classic which “is considered to be the premier international baseball tournament”

2012: Today Israel called on the international community in a special gathering at the United Nations to recognize the suffering of Jewish refugees from Arab countries and their material claims the same way it acknowledges the plight of displaced Palestinians

2012(5th of Tishrei, 5773: A heavily armed terrorist cell from the Sinai Peninsula opened fire on IDF soldiers on the Israeli - Egyptian border today, killing one soldier and injuring a second, before the gunmen were killed in return fire. The IDF announced the name the 20-year-old victim, Netanel Yahalomi, and promoted him posthumously to the rank of corporal.

2012: Israeli soldiers helped to save a Sudanese refugee today in the Sinai, near the site where a soldier was killed in an ambush by three men at the Israeli-Egyptian border.

2012: Iranian military commanders today threatened the complete destruction of the State of Israel as the country unveiled a domestically manufactured air defense system as part of a military parade, various Iranian news agencies reported

2013(17^thof Tishrei, 5774): Shabbat Chol Hamoed Sukkoth

2013: In the evening the 92^nd Street Y is scheduled to sponsor an Israeli Folk Dance Marathon.

2013: Residents of Tel Aviv and surrounding towns witnessed loud, low-flying maneuvers by Israel Air Force jets this morning when the planes scrambled to intercept what was initially believed to be an intrusion by enemy aircraft into Israel’s airspace but turned out to be a flock of birds.

2013: Rain was reported along Israel's coast from Haifa in the north down to the Center area, including Tel Aviv today making it “first rain of the season.” (As reported by Amishai Gottlieb)

2013: In Bat Yam, “Tzachi Meats” remained closed this evening as an angry crowd gathered around the restaurant that illegally employed Nidal Amar, the Arab who lured Tomer Hazan, a sergeant in the IAF and co-worker to his death last night. Amar had originally planned to trade the body for terrorists in Israeli custody but changed his mind and threw the body into the well.

2014: “Charlotte Salomon: Life? Or Theater” an exhibition that includes 300 of the 1,300 “gouache paintings created by “a 23 year old Jewish artist from Berlin who fled to south of France where she painted for two years before being transported to Auschwitz where she was murdered” is scheduled to come to an end.

2014(26^thof Elul, 5774): Seventy-nine year old Sheldon Patinkin passed away today. (As reported by Bruce Weber)

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/28/arts/sheldon-patinkin-force-in-chicago-theater-dies-at-79.html?hpw&rref=obituaries&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&version=HpHedThumbWell&module=well-region&region=bottom-well&WT.nav=bottom-well&_r=1

2014(26^thof Elul, 5774): Eight-seven year old Israeli intelligence officer Michael Harari passed away today.

http://www.timesofisrael.com/a-legendary-mossad-commander-steps-from-the-shadows/

http://www.haaretz.com/news/israel/.premium-1.617199

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/28/world/middleeast/michael-harari-israeli-agent-likened-to-james-bond-dies-at-87.html?hpw&rref=obituaries&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&version=HpHedThumbWell&module=well-region&region=bottom-well&WT.nav=bottom-well

2014: The New York Times features reviews of books by Jewish authors and/or of special interest to Jewish readers including Black Vodka: Ten Stories by Deborah Levy, Things I Don’t Want to Know on Writing by Deborah Levy, Quest, written and illustrated by Aaron Becker, Belzhar by Meg Wolitzer and Nest by Esther Ehrlich.

2014: The “I Live. Send Help” exhibit which “walks through the century of JDC existence, giving a glimpse into the many ways the organizations has helped Jews and non-Jews around the world” will have its final showing at the New York Historical Society today. (As reported by Rebecca Borison)

2014: The Jewish Museum’s exhibit “Mel Bochner: Strong Language” which “explores the meaning of words” is scheduled to have its final showing today. (As reported by Cathryn J. Prince)

2014: “Arab terrorists threw rocks at a bus carrying Jewish schoolchildren in the neighborhood surrounding the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem this morning, in the latest terror-related incident in the capital.” (As reported by Orly Harari and Tova Dvorin)

2014: The government of Israel “announced the establishment of a new cyber-dfense authority to coordinate cyber-security efforts among government, industry and civilian sectors” which be head by Dr. Eviatar Matania. (As reported by David Shamah)

2014: “More than 100 Jewish organizations participated in the People’s Climate March in New York as part of the Jewish Climate Campaign.”

2014: “Murder” written by Hanoch Levin and directed by Yadin Goldman is scheduled to have its final performance at the American Theatre of Actors.

2015(8^thof Tishrei, 5776): Eighty-six year old orthopedic surgeon Dr. Leon Root passed away today. (As reported by William Grimes)

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/health/dr-leon-root-orthopedic-surgeon-who-wrote-advice-books-dies-at-86.html?ribbon-ad-idx=3&rref=obituaries&module=Ribbon&version=origin&region=Header&action=click&contentCollection=Obituaries&pgtype=article&_r=0

2015: “Crossfire,” an Academy Award-nominated film noir that was one of the first films to raise the subject of anti-Semitism in the postwar U.S.” is scheduled to be shown at the Center for Jewish History.

2015: “English National Theatre of Israel (ENTI), is scheduled to present AN ILIAD - a modern-day retelling of Homer's classic poem, adapted by award-winning theatre practitioners Lisa Peterson & Denis O'Hare.”

2015: Today, Ben Shapiro co-founded “The Daily Wire” which he serves as “editor-in-chief.”

2015: In Kennesaw, GA, Kennesaw State University is scheduled to “The Leo Case: 100 Years in the Media” a panel discussion which will examined “the role of the Media in the Leo Frank Case, one hundred years ago and today.”

2015: Today, Ben “Shapiro founded The Daily Wiretoday.”

2015: A rocket was fired from Gaza around 4:00 a.m., in the Hof Ashkelon region of southern Israel, making it the third time in as many days that terrorists have launched a missile from Gaza.

2016: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and President Barack Obama are scheduled to meet in New York today during the United Nations General Assembly.

2016: Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg is scheduled to speak at the Temple Emanu-El Skirball[ML1] Center.

2016: At Temple Emanu-El of Atlanta, Aaron Berger, the Executive Director of the Breman Museum is scheduled to speak on the challenges and rewards of “leading an award-winning museum that connects people to Jewish history, arts and culture”

2017: Today “Valerie Plame Wilson, a former CIA agent and author,” whose paternal grandfather was Jewish “came under fire after she tweeted a link to a piece titled “America’s Jews are driving America’s wars.”

2017: Premiere of the fourth season of “Transparent” starring Jeffry Tambor

2017: As Israel begins the New Year, her population stands at 8.743 million “up some 156,000 people from the previous year with 6.5 million being Jewish, almost 1.8 million being Arab and another almost 400,000 being a mixture of other groups include Druze and non-Arab Christians.

2017: As America Jews observe the New Year, many of them may be wondering what their “portion in the House of Israel” is following Prime Minister Netanyahu’s latest defense of “Orthodoxy’s religious monopoly in Israel.”

2017(1^stof Tishrei, 5778): Rosh Hashanahשנה טובה, כתיבה וחתימה טובה.

2018: The Jerusalem Centre for the Performing Arts is scheduled to host a screening of “Ôtez-moi d'un doute.”

2018: “The Couple Who Helped Decode Dyslexia” published today described the work of Sally and Bennett Shaywitz, co-directors of the Yale Center for Dyslexia and Creativity, have been conducting a study of people with dyslexia since 1983. (As reported by Katie Hafner)

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/21/health/dyslexia-shaywitz-yale.html?action=click&module=Discovery&pgtype=Homepage

2018: The Bezalel Art Fair is scheduled to begin this morning in Jerusalem.

2018: In a week punctuated by incendiary attacks from Gaza, the murder of an Israeli, and the downing of Russian plane by Syrians which was they tried to pin on Israel, Israelis contemplate the comparative of accuracy of reports prepared by “the IDF top brass and signed by Chief of Staff Gadi Eisnkot” and “IDF Ombudsman Maj. Gen. Yitzhak Brick, a medal of courage recipient from the Yom Kippur War.”

2019(21^st of Elul, 5779): Parashat Ki Tavo;

2019: In Oakland, the Duvin wine bar is scheduled to host “The RebbeSoul Power Percussion Trio Havdalah Concert.

2019: In Santa Rosa, CA, Congregation Shomrei Torah is scheduled to host “Warm Up for the Holy Days” featuring “storyteller Joel ben Izzy sharing traditional and modern Selichot and high-holiday themed tales.”

2019(21^st of Elul, 5779): In the evening Leil Selichot;

2020: Chochmat HaLev and Makor Or are scheduled to sponsor Rabbi Dorothy Richman as she “looks at stories from the High Holidays prayerbook, examining how we communicate our needs and desires at this time of year.”

2020: The Tel Aviv International Student Film Festival is scheduled to begin today.

2020: B’nai Jeshurun Congregation is scheduled to host Professor Doron Calir who will examine the implications of the Torah portion for today's community and the meaning of Emunah (faith) in the 21st century.”

2020: Israelis are scheduled to deal with another day of lockdown that began erev Rosh Hashanah and has led to almost three thousand fines being hand out for a variety of infractions including “a Tel Aviv cafe that opened in contravention of restrictions and was catering to some 50 customers…”

2020: The battle of over the filling of Justice Ginsberg’s seat which exploded less than hour after she died erev Rosh Hashanah will continue to exacerbate the highly volatile political and social environment in the United States.

2020(3^rd of Tishrei, 5781): Tzom Gedaliah

https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/2316462/jewish/Tzom-Gedaliah-Fast-Day.htm

https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/tzom-gedaliah/

https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-fast-of-gedaliah

2021(15^th of Tishrei, 5782): First Day of Sukkoth; for more see https://downhomedavartorah.blogspot.com/

2021: The first session of the 45^th Annual Robert S. Hartman Institute Conference is scheduled to take place today.

September 22 

384: Roman Emperors Gratian, Valentinian II, and Theodosius I forbid Jews from buying or owning Christian slaves. If any such slaves are found with Jews, they must be removed and sold to other Christians. If a Jewish master converts a Christian to Judaism, they will be severely punished.

1499: Switzerland gained de factor independence from the Holy Roman Empire. Jews began settling in Switzerland in the 13^th century.  During the first half of the 14^thCentury, the Jewish community of Basel was on the largest in Europe.  However, during the last half of the 14^thcentury and on 15^th century, successive bans drove Jews from the homes in various cities and cantons. The bans were primarily caused charges of well poisoning tied the spread of the Black Death.   By the time Switzerland gained her independence only a handful of Jews remained in this mountainous state.  The Jewish population would not begin to grow again until the end of the 18^th century. 

1521: Selim I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire passed away.  Selim did away with the Law of No Return, the Roman ban on Jews living in Eretz Israel.  The ban was in force until the 16^th century.  Limits on Jewish immigration would reappear with the British White Paper.  Like many other members of Ottoman royalty, Selim employed a Jewish physician.

1526: Sultan Sueliman decreed that all the Jews seized at Buda and elsewhere, more than 2,000 in number, should be distributed among the cities of the Turkish Empire

1533(3^rd Tishrei, 5249) OS Tzom Gedaliah observed as England, which has expelled its Jews, is racked by the split with Rome caused by Henry VIII’s determination to divorce Catherine and marry Anne Boleyn. Catherine’s parents had required Henry VII to promise that no Jews would be allowed to live in England as a condition of Catherine’s marriage to Henry VIII’s brother. Additionally, Henry used Leviticus to justify his marriage to Catherine and then as an excuse for annulling the marriage.

1558: In Recanti, Italy, under the protection of Pope Paul IV, Joseph (Paul) Moro, a baptized Jew, entered a synagogue on the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur). Holding a crucifix, he tried to preach a conversion sermon. The congregation evicted him and a near massacre occurred. Eventually the entire Jewish population was expelled.

1694: Birthday of New York City native Josiah Brown, the son of Saul Pardo Brown and husband of Esther de Jacob Monsanto, who “was building inspector in New York City in 1708.”

1730: In Cento, Italy, Isaac Israeli and his wife gave birth to Benjamin D’Israeli, the grandfather of Benjamin Disreali, the British author and political leader also known as the Earl of Beaconsfield.

1755: Today, in Arnhem, “two Jews, Solomon Cohen Jacobs and Samuel Levie, on Sept. 22, 1755, petitioned the authorities for a suitable burial-place.”

1759(1^stof Tishrei, 5520): Nine days after the British defeated the French at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, Jews could openly observe Rosh Hashanah in Canada.  The French banned Jews from living in Canada.  The British took the opposite view.

1761: Coronation of King George III who had his first conversation with a Jew when he spoke with prizefighter Daniel Mendoza

1761: Joseph Gompertz married Esther Moses today at St. Helens

1771(14^thof Tishrei, 5532): Erev Sukkoth observed as the bubonic plague continues to be a cause for violence in Moscow, which would have a very small Jewish population at this time.

1774: Pope Clement XIV passed away. In 1759, while still known as Cardinal Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, he had issued a reported condemning blood libel accusation. “In 1758, Pope Benedict XIV ordered an investigation into the matter and charged Lorenzo Ganganelli, councilor of the Holy Office of the Inquisition—and later Pope Clement XIV—to prepare a report on the commission’s work. Ganganelli’s report, presented to the congregation of the Inquisition in March 1758, reviewed the major accusations of Jewish ritual murder since the thirteenth century and concluded that the blood libel was indeed a calumny, of which Jews and Judaism were innocent.”

1776(9^thof Tishrei, 5537): Erev Yom Kippur – one has to wonder what was going through the mind of American Jews as they heard the words of Kol Nidre and its references to vows following the decision to break the vows of loyalty to the King of England as stated in the recently adopted Declaration of Independence.

1776: George Washington wrote to John Hancock denying any knowledge as to the cause of the great fire that burned over 25% of New York City – thus putting the lie to British claims that the Americans had started the blaze to thwart their occupation of the city.

1778(1^stof Tishrei, 5539): As the British tried to figure out what to do having lost the “first Battle of Saratoga’ Jews observed Rosh Hashanah

1786(29^thof Elul, 5545): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1798: Today, on the anniversary of the “founding of the First French Republic” Napoleon, who was busy leading a campaign in the Middle East that would take him to Palestine where he would show sympathy to the Jewish population, organized a magnificent celebration in Cairo

1789(2^ndof Tishrei, 5550): During the first year of the presidency of George Washington, Jews in the United States observe the second day of Rosh Hashanah.

1789(2^ndof Tishrei, 5550): Meir Salomon Maas passed away today Frankfurt am main.

1790(14^thof Tishrei, 5551): Erev Sukkoth observed on the 29^th anniversary of the coronation of King George III.

1791(3^rdof Tishrei, 5732): Tzom Gedaliah observed on the same day that James Faraday and his wife gave birth to Michael Faraday whose impact on the world of science was so great that his was one of only three pictures that Albert Einstein kept on the wall of his study.

1792(6^thof Tishrei, 5553): Parashat Vayeilech; Shabbat Shuva observed for the first time after National Convention of France had officially announced the abolishment of the monarchy.

1793(16^thof Tishrei, 5554): Second Day of Sukkoth observed for the first time during the 10 month long “Reign of Terror” in France

1795(9^thof Tishrei, 5556): Erev Yom Kippur; Kol Nidre observed in France for the first time under the newly adopted “Constitution of the Year III.”

1800(3^rdof Tishrei, 5561): Tzom Gedaliah observed for the last time during the Presidency of John Adams and for the first time in the 19^th century.

1806(10^thof Tishrei, 5567): A day before Lewis and Clark arrive in St. Louis, thus competing their successful exploration that took them to the Pacific Ocean, Jews observed Yom Kippur

1807(1^stof Tishrei, 5569): Rosh Hashanah

1807: Birthdate of Prague native Gottfried S. Schmelkes who practiced medicine in Toplitz, Bohemia from 1838 until his death in 1870.

1808: One day after he had passed away, Nathan Raphael, the wife of the former Julia Asher with whom he had nine children was buried today at the “Brady Street Jewish Cemetery.”

1811(4^thof Tishrei, 5572): Tzom Gedaliah

1812: In Glasgow, Scotland, a “hatter” (maker of hats) named Isaac Cohen was admitted as a burgess of the city.

1816(29^thof Elul, 5576): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1817: Birthdate of Austrian dermatologist Hermann Edler von Zeissl.

1808(1^stof Tishrei, 5569): First Day of Rosh Hashanah observed for the last time during the Presidency of Thomas Jefferson

1816(29^thof Elul, 5576): Erev Rosh Hashanah observed on the same day that British diplomat Sir Robert Gunning who for some inexplicable reason ordered four copies of the Old Testament in Hebrew for Catherine the Great, the creator of the Pale of Settlement passed away.

1824(29^thof Elul, 5584): Erev Rosh Hashanah observed for the last time during the Presidency of James Monroe.

1825(10^thof Tishrei, 5586):  Jews observe Yom Kippur in the first year of the Presidency of John Q. Adams, the only American President chosen by the House of Representatives.

1827(1^stof Tishrei, 5588): Rosh Hashanah

1827: Birthdate of “John de Pass…the fifth son of Daniel de Pass of London.”

1831(15^thof Tishrei, 5592): Sukkoth

1838(3^rdof Tishrei, 5599): Parashat Ha’Azinu; Shabbat Shuva

1842: In Gostyn, Prussia, Samuel and Julia Naphthaly gave birth to Joseph Naphthaly, the San Francisco lawyer, Democratic Party politician and vinter whose property “produced 30,000 gallons of wine” who married the former Sarah Schmitt, the daughter of Blaize L. and Pauline Schmitt with whom he had two children, Samuel and Leon.”

1842: Birthdate of  Abdulhamid II who issued a firman in 1889 stating “That there shall be no interference with the Jews' places of devotional visits and of pilgrimage, that are situated in the localities which are dependent on the Chief Rabbinate, nor with the practice of their ritual

1846(2^ndof Tishrei, 5607): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah observed on the same that, during the Mexican-American War, the Kearny Code was “promulgated for use in the New Mexico Territory” whose Jewish population up until then was limited to crypto Jews.

1847(12^thof Tishrei, 5608): Mortiz Bertram, the husband of Sophia Boss with whom he had eight children passed away today after which he was buried in the Laruiston Road Jewish Cemetery.

1850:  In Detroit, Michigan, twelve Jewish families came together at the Cozens's home to found the "Bet El Society" (a Michigan Historical Marker now commemorates this site). The congregation engaged the services of Rabbi Samuel Marcus of New York.

1851: The city of Des Moines, Iowa is incorporated as Fort Des Moines. William Krause was one those instrumental in the incorporation effort. He and has his wife had arrived in the area in 1846 when it was known as Raccoon Forks, making them the first Jewish settlers.  The Krause family which had opened the towns first store in 1848 was joined by Joseph and Isaac Kuhn in 1849.  Krause was active in civic affairs and played a key role in having the state capital moved to Des Moines.  By 1870, there were enough Jews in Des Moines to form a congregation called B’nai Jeshurn which built a synagogue in 1878.

1852: The New York Times reported that "The Kohinoor must be a rouser, to allow a company of Hebrew artists to cut away for months upon its sides, and yet be left the largest diamond out of the mines.”  The Kohinoor is one of the largest diamonds in the world.

1852: On “Mansell Street, Goodmans Fields,” Julia Messeena and William Flatau gave birth to Rebecca Flatau.

1854(29^thof Elul, 5614): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1855 (10th of Tishrei, 5616): Eleven days after the fall of Sevastopol during the Crimean War, Jews on both sides of the conflict observe Yom Kippur

1855: Adam Mickiewicz arrived in Constantinople. He had journeyed to the capital of the Ottoman Empire from Paris so that he could organize a Jewish legion called the Hussars of Israel made up Jews from Russia and Palestine.  The legion was to be part of the forces fighting against the Czar during the Crimean War.

1855: The New York Times reported on the celebration by “the Israelites of the ceremonies marking the start of their New Year including a list of all the synagogues in the city that are holding services on what is described as ‘a fast day…a day of atonement.’”

1857: One day after he had passed away, David Davidson, the Swedish born son of Abraham and Hannah Davidson, was buried today at the “Lauriston Road Jewish Cemetery.”

1857: Daniele Manin an Italian patriot and statesman from Venice who was a hero of Italian unification (Risorgimento) passed away. He was born Daniele Fonseca, the son of a Jew in Ramo Astori, Venice. His name was changed to Manin when he was converted to Catholicism as a child.

1858: Two days after she had passed away, Deborah Nathan, the daughter of Isaac Saltiel and the wife of David Nathan with whom she had seven children, was buried today at the “Balls Pond Road Jewish Cemetery.”

1859: Birthdate of Baltimore, MD native Charles H. Lauchheimer a graduate of the United States Naval Academy and Columbia University Law School who rose to the rank of Brigadier General and served as “the Adjutant and Inspector of the United States Marine Corps” during World War I.

1862: Two days after Abraham Lincoln had written letter praising the skills of his podiatrist, Dr. Issachar Zacahrie, the President issued a preliminary draft of the Emancipation Proclamation which would become effective January 1, 1863.

1863(9th of Tishrei, 5624): Erev Yom Kippur

1863: Lt. Colonel Samuel Tolles and nine men from the 5^th Pennsylvania Cavalry captured a Jew names Falk Odenheimer near the Pasquotank River in North Carolina.  Odenheimer claimed he was a refugee from Goldsboro, NC.  He was carrying $12,000 in gold and “Southern State money” as well as a number of watches when he was captured.  He had spent the night in the woods looking for a place where he could cross into the Union lines without being detected.  Apparently Tolles did not know what to make of

the story since he sent Odenheimer back to headquarters under armed guard.

1866: In Spitafields, London, Phoebe Silver and Lipman Nathan gave birth to Mark Nathan

1866: Isaac and Anna Stone gave birth to Milwaukee resident Nathan Stone the president of The Boston Store in Milwaukee, WI, a member of Temple Emanuel and the husband of Minnie Salzenstein

1867: Three days after he had passed away, 46 year old Joseph Lewis Franklin, the son of Eliezer Franklin, was buried today at the “West Ham Jewish Cemetery on Buckingham Road.”

1867: In Lancaster, PA Congregation Shaarai Shomayim dedicated its new synagogue building.

1868: Ernst Bernheim the German historian who would lose his academic career under the Nazis due to his Jewish ancestry and who had been attending the Johanneum since Easter of 1862 graduated with the German academic certificate known as the Abitur.

1870: Moses and Barbara Hiednheim gave birth to Selma Heidenheim who became Selma Levy prominent New Orleanean Emanuel Levy.

1870: The third congregational home for the West London Synagogue of British Jews which “£20,000 and had capacity for 1,000 congregants” “was opened today.”

1873(1^stof Tishrei, 5634): Rosh Hashanah

1873: In New York City, Samuel and Mariana (Marcuse) Stroock gave birth to Columbia trained attorney, a member of the law firm of Stroock and Stroock and husband of Hilda Weil who was Presidenct of the Jewish Philanthropic Societies of New York City.

1873: In New York City the commercial centers and Wall Street are seemingly depopulated because the city’s Jewish population are crowding their synagogues “to their utmost capacity” for services “that are of the most impressive and solemn nature.”

1874: Birthdate of Poltava native David Cantarow, who studied in Algeria and Paris and at Tufts after he which practiced gynecology and obstetrics.

1875: In Jersey, Esther Simon was married today at the home of her uncle.

1875: Henry Levi married Elizabeth Fileman today.

1876: “Pauline,” an opera in four acts with music by the Anglo- Jewish composer Frederic H. Cowen opened at the Lyceum Theatre in London.

1877(15th of Tishrei, 5638): In the first year of the Presidency of Ruther B. Hayes, Jews observe Sukkoth

1878(10^thof Tishrei, 5548): Yom Kippur

1878: It was reported today that Union of American Hebrew Congregations (Reform) are moving ahead with the plans adopted last year to reorganize.  According to information supplied by the Jewish Messenger, a newly created Board of Delegates on Civil and Religious Rights will replace the old Board of Delegates of American Israelites.

1879: It was reported today that the police in New York do not believe the story of Meyer Friedman, a Polish Jewish shoemaker, and his wife that there home was broken into by thieves who made off with $90 and a gold watch.  The police base their disbelief on the fact that the glass where the break-in was supposed to have occurred was lying on the ground outside the dwelling and not inside on the flooring indicating that it was broken by somebody on the inside.  Nobody doubts the Friedman’s no longer have the money and nobody has commented on the fact that the alleged burglary took place on Rosh Hashanah

1882(9^thof Tishrei, 5643): Erev Yom Kippur

1882: In one of the ironies of history, Wilhelm Keitel, a German Field Marshall and senior Nazi military leader who would be hung as war criminal at Nuremberg was born as Jews prepared to hear the haunting tones of Kol Nidre.

1884: “The Connecticut Campaign” published today described the reaction of Dr. Lewis Kleeberg, the rabbi at Mishkahn Israel to the publication of anti-Semitic language used by the current Republican candidate for governor in a jury summation back in 1857.  Kleeberg said that words spoken in haste and hurry of a court room should not be taken as the speaker’s personal opinions.  Furthermore he dislikes “this mingling of religion and politics.  The effort to use the Jews of Connecticut as a sort of a club to wreak political revenge can do no harm to the man it is aimed at.

1884: New York stockbroker Henry C. Friedman eloped tonight with Sarah Scheuer, the daughter of million merchant Solomon Scheuer.

1885: In Vienna, “Benno Stroheim, a middle-class hat-maker, and Johanna Bondy, both of whom were observant Jews.” gave birth to Erich Oswald Stroheim who gained fame as actor, writer, director Erich von Stroheim,

1885: Rabbi David Levy officiated at the wedding of J.S. Loeb of Cincinnati and Ray Pinkussohn of Charleston, SC.

1886: In “Spitalfields, London,” Phoebe Silver and Lipman Nathan gave birth to Mark Nathan.

1889: Louis Bols, who was Allenby’s chief of staff during his campaign in Palestine and who served as “Chief Administrator of Palestine” after WW I, was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant as he began his climb up the ladder of the British Army.

1889: It was reported today that in their annual report, the managers of House of Refuge on Randall’s Island do not disclose figures on the religious affiliation of any of its inmates except for those who are Jewish.

1889: It was reported today that the new Prince of Monaco has been “betrothed to the Dowager Duchess of Richelieu, a beautiful 31 year old widow who is the daughter of Michel Heine, an orthodox Jew who is a nephew of Heinrich Heine.

1889: It was reported today that Amy Levy, the 23 year old Anglo-Jewish author who was thought to be a future “Emma Lazarus” was cremated today, per her own request.  The ashes were then placed in a small oak chest after which they were buried in a Jewish cemetery.

1889: It was reported today that “a few men are taking the offered course in elementary Hebrew” being offered at Wesleyan University in Connecticut. Future U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s course in American history was the most popular elective being offered during this same fall semester.

1889: Rabbi Aaron Cohen delivered the sermon at today’s dedication of the new synagogue built by Congregation Beth Hamedrash Hagodol in New York.  Coroner Ferdinand Levy delivered an address after the endstone was laid at the building which had cost $44,000.

1889: Rabbi Moses Guedalia led the services this afternoon that marked the consecration of the Congres of Moses Montefiore’s new synagogue on in New York City. He was assisted by several visiting clergymen including Rabbis A.H. Nieto and H. Pereira Mendes.

http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-f

1890: Twenty-three-year-old Danbury, CT merchant Nathan Spiro, the Polish born son of Solomon and Rachel Spiro marred Rose Pakulski today in New York City.

1890: “Literary Notes” published today described “a Hebrew translation of Longfellow’s ‘Psalm of Life’” by Rabbi Isidore Meyers of Melbourne, Australia that has just been printed in Jerusalem

1890(8^thof Tishrei, 5651): In the United Kingdom, 27 year old Ernest M. Lazerck, the son of Mr. and Mrs Moritz Lazereck passed away today.

1891: Birthdate of popular German actor Hans Albert who was the paramour of actress Hansi Burg, who was classified as Jewish under Nazi “racial law” which led to being forced to seek refuge in Switzerland during the war before returning to Albert after 1945.

1891: Russians claim that seven thousand Jews left Berdichefon for Argentina today.  This claim would appear to be bogus since there is no railway facility at Berdichefon capable of handling such a large number of people at one time.

1891: In Brooklyn the only Isaac Marks listed in the city directory denied that the Henry Marks, the young who committed suicide yesterday in suburban Chicago, is his brother as claimed by the note found with the body that also contained a request that he be buried “according to Jewish rites”

1892: Approximately two thirds of the 358 passengers who arrived in New York today aboard the Moravia were Russian Jews.

1892(1^stof Tishrei, 5653): As Grover Cleveland seeks to defeat Benjamin Harrison in the upcoming U.S. Presidential election, Jews celebrate Rosh Hashanah

1892: In Cleveland, Ohio, “the Erie Street congregation of Russian Jews” is scheduled to hold Rosh Hashanah services in an assembly room of the new Young Men’s Christian Association Building.

1892: Birthdate of Friedrich Jacob Kiesler, the native of Czernowitz which was then in the Austro-Hungarian Empire who gained fame as the American architect and designer Frederick John Kiesler who “was chosen in 1952 as one of "the 15 leading artists at mid-century" by The Museum of Modern Art.”

1893: Bernard Pachman and Carl Feldman were arrested tonight when police attempted to stop a group of “Hebrew Anarchists” from throwing cobblestones at the offices of Freie Arbeiter Stimme on Pike Street.

1895(4^thof Tishrei, 5656): Tzom Gedaliah observed since the 3^rd was Shabbat

1895(4^thof Tishrei, 5656: Prominent Jewish leader Abraham B. Wasser “dropped dead this afternoon while visiting at the home of a friend “in Elizabeth, NJ

1895: In Jacksonville, FL, the Phoenix Club, whose members included Sol Iseman, V.E. Jacobs, Fred Kann and Mike Sabel was formed today.

1895:  Birthdate of Lemberg native Frederich Meshilem Meier Weisenfreund who gained fame as Academy Award winning actor Paul Muni who got his start in the Yiddish theatre and who unlike other leading men of his day, Muni gained fame as a character actor playing figures as widely different as Mexican revolutionary, a Chinese peasant and a French publisher.

http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/253048%7C0/Paul-Muni-Profile.html

1895: In Detroit, Temple Bethel adopted the use of the New Union Prayer Book for Sabbath services.

1895: Birthdate of celebrated poet, novelist, critic, and editor, Babette Deutsch. While still a student at Barnard College, Deutsch had her first poems published in magazines, and her first volume of poetry, Banners, was published only two years after she graduated. Many more volumes of poetry followed, including 1928's Honey Out of A Rock, which touched on varied biblical and Jewish themes. Deutsch also wrote a number of novels, including A Brittle Heaven (1926), In Such a Night (1927), and The Mask of Silenus (1933). In addition to her work as a poet and novelist, Deutsch was also a noted critic, as well as a writer of fiction and biographies for children. In 1958 she was elected to the National Academy of Arts and Letters, and in 1969 served as the organization's secretary. Deutsch was on the advisory board of the National Book Committee, chancellor for the Academy of American Poets, and a consultant for the Library of Congress. Although Deutsch led a busy professional life, she also devoted much of her time to the Jewish community. Deutsch often worked with the Young Men's Hebrew Association, serving as a lecturer in their Poetry Center. Much of her poetry reflected her Jewish heritage, and her last three books of poetry all dealt with her anger at the horrors of the Holocaust and her efforts to make sense of such great tragedy.

1896: Birthdate of Uri Zvi Grinberg the Galacian born Israeli poet and author who uniquely wrote in both Yiddish and Hebrew

1897: In Special Sessions Court, “Nathan Straus pleaded not guilty” this morning “in the case brought by the Board of Health charging him with selling “impure milk.”  Straus has been providing sterilized and modified milk products through conveniently located distribution centers to the primarily immigrant population of the Lower East Side; a program he subsidizes which has demonstrably lowered the infant and child mortality rate in New York.

1898: Washington, D.C, native Franklin W. Hart was assigned to the “Celtic” today as “paymaster with the rank of Lieutenant.”

1899: “Max Regis, the former Mayor of Algiers and a notorious Jew baiter” fled from his villa which was just outside of town in which he and his fellow anti-Semites “had been barricaded for some days” because they feared arrest by the government.

1900(28^thof Elul, 5660): Parashat Nitzavim

1900(28^thof Elul, 5660): Caroline Brenner, the daughter of the former Louise Blumenau and Jacob A. Brenner, the Brooklyn attorney, Kings County judicial official and active member of Temple Beth-Elohim passed away today, two years after her brother Simon had passed away.

1901(9^thof Tishrei, 5662): Kol Nidre

1901: The Tompkin brothers, two cantors who have just arrived in New York from Europe are scheduled to lead services in the Grand Central Palace.

1901(9^thof Tishrei, 5662): Eight days after Vice President Teddy Roosevelt was sworn in as President following the death of William McKinley, Jews prepare to hear Kol Nidre

1901: Birthdate of Everett, MA native Abraham Theodore Alpert who was awarded an A.B. from Harvard in 1922.

1901(9^thof Tishrei, 5662): Sixty-two year old attorney and economist Simon Sterne passed away today in New York City.

http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F40812FF355D12738DDDAA0A94D1405B818CF1D3

1902:  Birthdate of Bucharest native Jacques Hasusman, to son of a Jewish father and English mother who gained fame as Academy award winning actor John Houseman known to one generation as the law school professor Charles Kingsfield in “The Paper Chase” but to an earlier generation he was the producer of Orson Well’s radio masterpiece, War of the Worlds.

1902(20^thof Elul, 5662): Eighty year old Solomon Cohn who began served a rabbi in Berlin from 1876 to 1894 when he retired and moved to Breslau where he passed away today.

1902(20^thof Elul, 5662): Sixty-one year old Siegmund Hinrichsen who served as member of the Hamburg Parliament starting in 1871 passed away today.

1903(1st of Tishrei, 5664): Rosh Hashanah

1903:  It was reported today that “a delegation of Jews from the Second Aldermanic District of Manhattan” has visited the headquarters of the Citizens’ Union and urged “the officers of the Union to” persuade “Jacob H. Schiff to accept a Fusion nomination for Alderman in that district.”

1904:  Hyman Liberman began serving as May of Cape Town, South Africa.

1904: Birthdate of Max Hodesblatt, the Brooklyn native whose basketball skills earned him entrance into the CCNY Athletic Hall of Fame and who went on to a successful coaching career.

1905: The Jewish Chronicle reported that Aria College, in Portsmouth which had been founded by Lewis Aria has closed for lack of funds.

1905: Myer Jack Landa, the journalist who wrote for the Sheffield Daily Telegraph and the Birmingham Daily Gazette where he became “the Parliamentary correspond in the Press Gallery of the House Commons” and Annie Gertrude Landa (nee Gordon) gave birth to Ruth Landa

1906(3rd of Tishrei, 5667): Shabbat Shuvah; the fast is delayed 24 hours

1906: It was reported today that the in Siedlce, “the Governor has informed the leaders of the Jewish community that in the event of a bomb outrage all the remaining Jews in Siedlce will be massacred” by members of the Black Hundreds.

1907: Dr. Joseph Krauskopf of Philadelphia the founder and President of the Hebrew Farm School in Doylestown, PA delivered a talk today on “A Way Out of the Ghetto” at the Free Synagogue in New York.

1908: It was reported today that during the year that ended on September 15, nearly 2,500 babies have been fed daily on the pasteurized milk that is sold or given away at the Nathan Straus milk depots and that the daily consumption of the pasteurized milk in the parks has averaged 16,500 glasses.”

1908: It was reported today that next winter, Nathan Straus “will maintain in New York seven pasteurized milk depots which is one more” than he maintained last year.

1909: Birthdate of Philadelphia born, Harvard educated attorney turned sociologist David Riesman, the author of The Lonely Crowd.

https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/11/books/david-riesman-sociologist-whose-lonely-crowd-became-a-best-seller-dies-at-92.html

http://www.asanet.org/sites/default/files/savvy/footnotes/mayjun02/indextwo.html

1909: Jews were forced to leave Arabia (Yemen) to avoid being forced to convert to Islam.

1910: Announcement of the death of Lady Louisa de Rothschild widow of Sir Anthony de Rothschild upon whom a barony had been conferred by Sir Robert Peel in 1847. Sir Anthony passed away in 1876. Lady Louisa was known as “Lady Bountiful” because of her charitable works among the less fortunate Jews. Her fame as a gracious hostess is attested to by the fact that the Prince of Wales learned of the death of Napoleon III while visiting her summer home, Aston Clinton, in 1873.

1911(29^thof Elul, 5671): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1911: A contract was signed between Protector and Gamble, the makers of Crisco and “Rabbi M. S. Margolies of New York and Rabbi S. Lifsitz of Cincinnati” who had been to the factory to inspect it and determine the kashruth of Crisco”

1911(29^thof Elul, 5671): Gershon David, a trustee of the State Asylum in Athens, OH, passed away today in Jackson, OH.

1911: In New South Wales, Bertram Jacobs was appointed lecturer on Law at University College.

1911: New laws drafted for the governing of the Jewish community of Frankfort include the innovate provision that “women who pay communal tax and the wives of tax-payers are eligible for election to the governing council.”

1911: The German Emperor confers the Order of Red Eagle, Third Class on Dr. Albert Moses, the German legal scholar who helped draft Japan’s Meiji Constitution.

1912(11^thof Tishrei, 5673: Mrs. Chaie Schaaf passed away today.

1912(11^thof Tishrei, 5673): Rabbi Hyman Kalamnowitz passed away today in Chicago.

1912(11^thof Tishrei, 5673): Moses Jakobsohn, the son of R’Menachem Mendlel Jakobsohn, passed away today.

1913: A production” of “Princess Caprice, a musical theatre work described as a "comedy with music", in three acts, with music by Leo Fall,” the son of Mortiz Fall opened today “at the Leeds Grand.

1914(2^ndof Tishrei, 5675): 2^nd day of Rosh Hashanah

1914: In Chicago, as World War stretches into its third month, “it is estimated that more than 100,000 Orthodox Jews gathered in synagogues today in observance of the second day of Rosh Hashanah” thousands of whom were praying “for relatives who are engaged in the battles now being waged.”

1914: In London, Ezra Pound and T.S. Elliot, two men of letters bound together by poetry and anti-Semitism met for the first time today.

1915(14^thof Tishrei, 5676): Erev Sukkoth

1915: Birthdate of Professor Samuel Edward Finer, the son Romanian Jewish immigrants, who became one the United Kingdom’s leading historians and political scientist.

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-professor-samuel-finer-1490939.html

1916(24^thof Elul, 5676): Fifty-five year old Simon Frug the Ukrainian born author and Zionist passed away today in Odessa.

http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Frug_Shimen_Shmuel

1916: Rabbis in Palestine declare that all Jews should not fast on Yom Kippur but eat due to the epidemics which were rampant.

1916: The funeral of Adolf Deiches is scheduled to take place this morning at Temple Rodeph Shalom at 63^rd and Lexington.

1916: The funeral of Lena Gunther, the widow of Isaac Gunther, who was a member of Deborah Verein No.1 and Henrietta Verein, is scheduled to be held at Mt. Nebo Cemetery in Brooklyn.

1916: A memoriam published today marked the 15^th anniversary, on the English calendar of Simon Sterne “In reverent memory of Simon Sterne, passed away Sept. 22, 1901.  His engaging personality, dignity, great knowledge and modesty made contact with him a privilege.”

1916: Dr. Aaron Eiseman, who for thirteen years served as the Rabbi of Temple Beth Israel on Lexington Avenue “returned today after spending seven weeks on the Mexican border in the interest of the Young Men’s Hebrew Association, establishing branches at the principle concentration points and looking after the approximately 5,000 Jewish soldiers.”

1917: Jacob Billikopf, the Executive Director of the American Jewish Relief Committee which is chared by Louis Marshal announced tonight “that the first two weeks in December have been selected for the campaign…to raise” four million dollars in New York City as part of the ten million national campaign to raise funds for Jewish War Sufferers.

1918: The Jewish Legion, which was part of the British Army under General Allenby, dislodged Turkish army units from their entrenched position at Umm esh-Shert Ford on the Jordan River.  This is the same ford where Joshua crossed with the Israelites in Biblical times.  As we said when we began our studies last year, Jewish History covers an unbelievably long span of time.  More importantly, when Jews tread the land of Israel they are truly treading on the land of their ancestors.

1918: Birthdate of Henryk Szeryng, the Polish born Mexican violinist who served as a liaison officer and interpreter during WW II at the request of General Sikorksi, the Prime Minister of the Polish Government in Exile.

1918: “Earl Curzon, the new Secretary for Foreign Affairs reaffirmed the British Declaration of November 2, 1917” known as the Balfour Declaration.

1919: “The United Building Fund Campaign of the Federated Jewish Institutions was several hundred thousand dollars nearer its $10,000,000 goal when the various trade Chairmen had reported at today's rally at the Hotel Biltmore.”

1919: “The Idle Inn” is being performed at The Jewish Art Theatre

1920(10^thof Tishrei, 5681): Yom Kippur

1920: Dr. Goldstein is scheduled to deliver a sermon this morning on “What is Israel’s Greatest Sin” at the Free Synagogue.

1920: Rabbi Rudolph Grossman is scheduled to deliver a sermon on “Jew – Thyself” this morning at Rodeph Sholom followed by an Afternoon Sermon on “The Balm of Healing.”

1920: At the Yizkor Service, Dr. Wise is scheduled to deliver a sermon on “The Homecoming” this afternoon at the Free Synagogue which is hold Yom Kippur services at Carnegie Hall..

1921: Birthdate of Wolf William Eisenberg who gained fame as cartoonist William Elder, one of those who helped created “Mad” magazine.

1921: Gdud HaAvoda VeHaHaganah al shem Yosef Trumpeldor (the Joseph Trumpeldor Work and Defense Battalion) known simply Gdud HaAvod established kibbutz Ein Harod today.

1922(29^thof Elul, 5682): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1922: In Brooklyn, Rebecca Schwartz and David Sive gave birth to David Sive who was one of the earliest practitioners of “Environmental Law.” (As reported by Margalit Fox)

1922: In an article entitled “Palestine Land of Promise,” Dr. Maruice Harris, the Rabbi at Temple Israel in NYC, provides an eyewitness account of how the land and people of Palestine have benefited from Zionist programs based on his recent visit to Eretz Israel.

1923: In Cardiff, Wales Rudolf Abse, a Jewish solicitor and cinema owner and his wife gave birth to Welsh poet Daniel Abse, -- the brother of political reformer Leo Abse and psychoanalyst Wilfred Abse.

1924: Birthdate of Gerald Schoenfeld who became chairman of the powerful Shubert Organization, the largest and most important theater owner on Broadway and in the United States.

1924: In the Soviet Union, Chjekists (secret police) rounded up all known Zionists. Over thirty thousand were arrested and the Zionist organization was forced to move underground. This determined drive to destroy the Zionist was driven by a variety of motives.  One had to do with the Communists' fear of competing political groups and ideologies.  Another had to do with anti-Semitism some of which one might say was endemic to Russians and some of which was a manifestation of self-loathing on the part of Jews who had bought into the Communist ideology.

1925: In San Francisco, “Clayton Solomon, the founder of Tower Cut Rate Drugs and the former Annette Sockolov” gave birth to Russell Malcolm “Russ” Solomon, the founder of Tower Records. (As reported by Robert D. McFadden)

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/05/obituaries/russell-solomon-founder-of-tower-records-dies-at-92.html?hpw&rref=obituaries&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=well-region&region=bottom-well&WT.nav=bottom-well

1927(25^thof Elul, 5687): Sixty year old Rudolph Grossman, who had served as associate Rabbi of Temple Beth-El until 1896 when he became rabbi at Rodef Sholom passed away today.

http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=41759080

1928(8^thof Tishrei, 5689): Shabbat Shuva

1928: Today, in Massena, New York, two days before Yom Kippur, four-year-old Barbara Griffiths went for a walk and did not come back home. After a long search by townspeople and state police, a rumor began to circulate that the girl had been kidnapped and killed by the town's Jews for a religious ritual associated with the impending holiday. This was the opening event in what would be called the Massena Blood Libel.

1928: In New York City “Lily (Abbey) and Alfred Stone” gave birth to Harvard grad and Columbia Law School trained attorney Richard Stone who served as United States Senator from Florida and U.S. Ambassador to Denmark under Presidents Bush and Clinton.

https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/richard-stone

1929: Today marks the thirtieth day since a group of Jews were killed in Jerusalem by Arabs.  The level of danger felt by the Jewish community is so great that the Jews have “abandoned their age old ritual for the dead” and not publicly taken note of the Shloshim.

1929: In what can only be described as a unique form of British even-handedness, the Mandatory government informed “Jews who protested against the erection of a Moslem religious school at the Wailing Wall that a fully sanctioned permit had been granted to the Arabs by the government.” 

1930(29^thof Elul, 5690): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1930: “An appeal by Albert Einstein, on behalf of the special campaign for funds no being conducted by the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid society was made public” today.

1931: Birthdate of cinematographer Isidor Mankofsky, the son of Russian-Jewish immigrants who used the name “Bill Mann” while doing some of his filming for the Encyclopedia Britannica “on the advice of a producer who warned him of anti-Jewish bias.”

1931: “Kiki” a Franco-German musical comedy filmed by cinematographer Otto Hell was released in Europe today.

1932: Today, the Montreal Gazette reported that “Moscow-based correspondent Rhea Clyman had been ‘driven from Russia’ and attacked as a ‘Bourgeois Troublemaker.’” (As reported by Jars Balan)

1933(2nd of Tishrei, 5694): Second Day of Rosh Hashanah

1933: German Jews are banned from the fields of journalism, art, literature, music, broadcasting, and theater.

1934: “The Great Waltz” a musical with a book by Moss Hart and choreography by Albertina Rasch, opened on Broadway at the Center Theatre today “where it ran for 289 performances.

1935: On the road to WW II, Mussolini announced his terms for ending the so-called Abyssinia Crisis which eventually led to the Italian conquest of a nation whose leader included the title “the Lion Of Judah.”

1936: The fascist forces of General Francisco Franco “were sweeping southeast tonight toward Toledo after smashing the backbone of the government forces and cutting Madrid’s communication” thanks in no small part to the bombing and strafing by his aircraft.

1936(6th of Tishrei, 5697): Sixty-four year old “General Roberto Segre who commanded artillery formations at the start of” World War I and was cited for bravery at the Battle of Gorizia” being promoted to chief of staff of the Fifth Army Corps and becoming head of the Italian-Austrian Armistice Commission passed away today.

1936: “Declaring the lives of 12,000 American Jews in Palestine were being endangered by rioting, Senator Royal S. Copeland asked Secretary of State Cordell Hull in a letter today to make a ‘friendly intimation’ to the British Government that it should take ‘positive action’ to quell the disturbances.’”

1936: “Three hundred persons attended the dinner given at the Hotel Astor’ tonight “by the American Committee for the Settlement of Jews in Biro-Bidjan (Soviet Union) in honor of the committee’s honorary president, Lord Marley, the British Labor peer.”

1937: As the cloud of fascism grew ever darker across the face of Europe, with all that would mean for the Jews, Franco’s so-called nationalist forces defeated the Republican Army at the Battle of El Mazuco

1938: In a meeting with Chamberlain at Bad Godesberg, Hitler turned up the heat and demanded immediate German occupation of the Sudetendland, a demand that the man with the umbrella would eventually give into as he brought us peace in our time.

1939: Joint victory parade of Wehrmacht and Red Army in Brest-Litovsk at the end of the Invasion of Poland.

1939: Per the request of Sigmund Freud, for a second day Dr. Max Schur administered what would prove to be fatal doses of morphine to the famous but cancer ridden psychiatrist.

1940: In an example of “the law of unintended consequences” today the Japanese invaded French Indo-China, a move that would lead to an embargo by the Americans that would lead to Pearl Harbor that would lead too…. (and now you know why they call it the string of history)

1941(1st of Tishrei, 5702): Rosh Hashanah

1941:  This day saw the beginning of a new intensity in the murder of the Jewish people. In Vinnitsa, Ukranian militia, trained by the SS, killed an estimated 23,000 Jews. Sweeping through town on horseback, soldiers wielded swords to chop down innocents. The Ukrainians were willing participants in the murder of the Jews.  The Holocaust was possible, in part, because of the willing participation of non-Germans in the Final Solution.  An additional 4,000 Jews in Ejszyszki were slaughtered.

1941: Nearly 500 Jews escaped from Ejszyszki, Lithuania, after being alerted to an impending Nazi sweep

1941: All Jews of Litin, Ukraine, are murdered.

1941: Sculptor Louise Nevelson's first one-woman show opened at the Nierendorf Gallery.

http://jwa.org/thisweek/sep/22/1941/louise-nevelson

1942: The Jewish ghetto in Czestochowa, Poland, is liquidated; 40,000 residents are transported to the Treblinka death camp and killed.

1942: The leading French Protestant, Pastor Marc Boegner, publicly protests the Jewish deportations. He personally attempts to convince Vichy France Premier Pierre Laval to end the roundups of Jewish children. After Boegner offers to have the children adopted, Laval tells him that "not one of them must remain in France."

1942: “To Discuss Men’s Clothing” published today described plans for an upcoming radio show in which “Leo Perper, head of the Roger Kent Shops” will provide guidance on the subject of purchasing men’s clothes.

1942: It was reported today that Max S. Perlman who is taking a leading role in rehabilitation work among Jews in North Africa will first go to Lisbon, the home European headquarters for the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee before continuing on to Algiers where he will work with “other Jewish welfare workers” including those working for ex-Governor Herbert H. Lehman’s Office of Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Operations.”

1943: The Germans announce through their puppet Greek press that all Jews have only five days to register their names or face a penalty of death. Christians were told if they hide Jews they would be shot.

1943(22nd of Elul, 5703): Forty Jews hiding in forests near Koniecpol, Poland, are attacked by Poles. Many of the Jews are killed.

1943: The Baltimore Sun reported Nazi “Slayings Near 250,000,"

1943: Wilhelm Kube, the Generalkommissarof Belorussia, is assassinated by a bomb placed beneath his bed by a Soviet partisan who had been assigned to work as his maid.

1944: World War II: the Red Army enters Tallinn, Estonia.  Before the war Tallin had been home to a vibrant Jewish community of about 2,300 people. The liberation of Estonia from the Nazis by the Soviets meant an end to the Holocaust, it was not much of any improvement for the Jews since the Estonia became a puppet state of the U.S.S.R. implementing the anti-Jewish policies of larger neighbor to the east.

1944: Birthdate of Cleveland, OH, native Michael Jay Kransy the San Francisco public radio personality and Professor at San Francisco State University who is a member of Phi Beta Kappa and earned a Ph.D at the University of Wisconsin.

https://web.archive.org/web/20071020053425/http://www.kqed.org/radio/about/staff/krasny.jsp

http://www.timesofisrael.com/famed-san-francisco-radio-host-commands-laughter-with-new-jewish-humor-book/

1945(15th of Tishrei, 5706): First day of Sukkoth

1945: U.S. premiere of “Rhapsody in Blue,” “a fictionalized biography of George Gershwin.

1945(15th of Tishrei, 5706): Chief Judge Irving Lehman of the New York State Court of Appeals passed way early this morning at the age of 69.  . He had been a member of the State's judiciary for thirty-seven years. Lehman was the older brother of Herbert Lehman, former Governor of New York who is currently serving as the Director of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Judge Lehman was born in New York in 1876, the son of two transplanted Alabama Jews.  He earned a Bachelor’s degree from Columbia in 1896 where he also earned a Master Degree and a Law Degree. He was in private practice until 1908 when he was first elected to the State Supreme Court.  He was elected Chief Judge of the New York State Court of Appeals in 1939. He was respected for his ability to make the law “a living force subject to change and development” as well as his “ability to slash through legal verbiage and get to the heart of complex commercial and financial problems. A philanthropist, Lehman was actively involved with several Jewish organizations including the Young Men’s Hebrew Association an Temple Emanu-El both of which he led as President.

1946(26th of Elul, 5706): One Jew was killed and both sides suffered other casualties when refugees on board the blockade runner Palmach battled a British naval boarding party off the northern coast of Palestine today. Off the coast of Haifa, the British boarding party used guns, gas and fire hoses to quell resistance from a boat load of Jewish “displaced persons” seeking to find a home in Eretz Israel.

1946: Congregation Beth-El Synagogue was dedicated today at St. Johnsbury, Vermont

1946: In Camden, NJ, Beth-El held a memorial service for Rabbi Amoff who was killed in an army truck accident following his discharge at Fort Kilmer.  During WW II, he served as a chaplain in the U.S. Army

1947: Secretary of State George Marshall instructed the American U.N. delegation to refrain from supporting the UNSCOP majority report that included a recommendation for partition.

1948: As part of an attempt to thwart Jordan’s annexation of the West Bank, Egypt and other members of the Arab League supported the formation of a Palestine National Council in Gaza, which would remain under Egyptian and not Palestinian control for the next 19 years.

1949: Birthdate of Larisa Bergen, the native of Kazakhstan who won silver medal in volleyball at the 1976 Olympics.

http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/be/larisa-bergen-1.html

1951: Reuven Shiloah, special Israeli Government counselor left Paris for Washington where he is scheduled discuss the latest peace proposal and other developments in the Middle East with representatives of the U.S. State Department.

1951: In Brooklyn, “Adele Perlman, a bookkeeper and Phillip Perlman, a manager at a dolls parts factory gave birth to Heide Paula Perlman the winner of  two Emmy Awards for her television work that began with writing scripts for Cheers.

1951: Unidentified authorities at the highest level of the Israeli government reveal that Israel “is willing to compensate Arab refugees for property that they behind when fled, and in addition, is willing to make contributions for the resettlement of Arab refugees.” Until now, the Israeli government has refused to take responsibility for the plight of the refugees because the Arabs caused the problem when they invaded the Jewish state.  At the same time, Israel feels that consideration should be given for the expense born by Israel in re-settling Jewish refugees from Arab countries, especially the 100,000 who had left Iraq.  The Israelis want their bank accounts, which are valued at between 30,000,000 to 40,000,000 pounds, unblocked. 

1952: Isser Harel named head of Mossad.

1953(13^thof Tishrei, 5714): Fifty-nine year old Sgt. Myer Abelson, the Altoona, PA born son of Abraham and Ida Abelson passed away today in Carlisle, PA after which he was buried at the Mount Sinai Cemetery in Altoona.

1953: “Is Your Honeymoon Really Necessary” featuring Lou Jacobi was released today in the United Kingdom.

1954: New York Premiere of the Billy Wilder hit comedy “Sabrina”

1957: American author and screenwriter Robert Katz, the son of Sidney and Helen Katz, married Beverly Gerstel today. Katz wrote Death in Rome in “which he blamed Pope Pius XII for the massacre of 335 Romans and 70 Jews at the Ardeatine Caves in 1944.”

1958: Today, Stella Marcus, the widow of Rufus Isaacs, the 1^st Marquis of Reading “was created a Life Peer in her own right, becoming Baroness Swanborough after which she became “the first woman to take her seat in the House of Lords.”

1960(1^stof Tishrei, 5721): As the race between Nixon and Kennedy for the White House heats up, Jews observe the first day of Rosh Hashanah

1960(1s of Tishrei, 5721): Seventy-eight year old psychoanalyst Melanie Klein passed away in London.

http://www.academia.edu/1153609/The_Life_and_Death_Instincts_in_Kleinian_Object_Relations_Theory

1960: “The Dark as the Top of the Stairs” a cinematic adaption by Irving Ravetch of a play by the same name with music by Max Steiner was released in the United States today by Warner Bros.

1960: The final season of “You Bet Your Life” which had been re-named “The Groucho Show” in honor of the host Groucho Marx, debuted today.

1961: ABC broadcast the final episode of “The Law and Mr. Jones” created and produced by Sy Gomberg which had included guest star appearances by Sam Jaffe and Martin Landau

1963(4^thof Tishrei, 5724): Tzom Gedaliah is observed on the same day that Australian cinematographer and director Arthur Higgins who was responsible for making the 1930 film “Fellers” which was set in Palestine and told the tale of Aussies fighting in Allenby’s WW I campaign passed away.

1964(16^thof Tishrei, 5725): Second Day of Sukkoth

1964: "Fiddler on the Roof" opened on Broadway.  It would run for 3,242 performances,

1966(8^thof Tishrei, 5727): Seventy-eight year old Austrian native and American Zionist leader Julius Haber, “a founder of the Kadimah Zionist Society, author of The Odyssey of an American Zionist  and husband of Birdie Haber with whom he had three children – Bernard, Henrietta and Chanah – passed away today.

https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/09/24/105252179.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0

1968(29^thof Elul, 5728): Erev Rosh Hashanah

1968: “Psych-Out” a film about the counter-culture starring Susan Strasberg was released in the United States today.

1969(10th of Tishrei, 5730): As the war in Viet Nam rages on, Jews observe Yom Kippur.

1969: NBC broadcast the second episode of “My World…and Welcome to it” created by Melville Shavelson, produced by Sheldon Leonard and Danny Arnold.

1970(21^stof Elul, 5730): Fifty-one year old Joseph Puro who had succeeded his brother Sam a President of Down Products Corp. passed away today.

http://www.nytimes.com/1970/09/24/archives/joseph-puro-51-president-of-down-products-corp.html?_r=0

1971(3^rdof Tishrei, 5732): Tzom Gedaliah

1971: “Desperate Characters” with music by Lee Konitz was released today in the United States.

1974: Lou Halper was inducted into the Boxing Hall of Fame today.

http://www.njboxinghof.org/lou-halper/

1975: While speaking at the United Nations today, Secretary of State Henry Kissinger said “that the new Israeli-Egyptian interim accord has improved the atmosphere for further progress on all issues in the Middle East…” (JTA)

1975: “An unofficial group of five Israelis” began a visit to the USSR “at the invitation of the Soviet Peace Committee.”

1975: “Night-Shifting for the Hip Fleet” the non-fiction article which gave James L. Brooks the idea for the sit-com “Taxi” starring Judd Hirsch “appeared in today’s issue of New York magazine.

1977(10^thof Tishrei, 5738): In the first year of Jimmy Carter’s presidency, Jews observe Yom Kippur.

1977(10^thof Tishrei, 5738): Businessman Sir Eric Merton Miller who like his father had been active in the British Labour Party reported took his own life day during an investigation  by the Fraud Squad.

http://www.worldlibrary.org/articles/eng/Eric_Miller_(businessman)

1978: Aharon Barak began his service as a Justice on the Supreme Court of Israel.